{"id":774,"date":"2018-12-03T11:16:19","date_gmt":"2018-12-03T08:16:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/?p=774"},"modified":"2023-01-17T14:34:17","modified_gmt":"2023-01-17T11:34:17","slug":"emperyalist-ve-ulusal-gucler-ve-savaslar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2018\/12\/03\/emperyalist-ve-ulusal-gucler-ve-savaslar\/","title":{"rendered":"Emperyalist ve ulusal g\u00fc\u00e7ler ve sava\u015flar"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kadir Yal\u00e7\u0131n<\/strong><\/p>\n

11 Kas\u0131m, emperyalist bir payla\u015f\u0131m sava\u015f\u0131 olan I. B\u00fcy\u00fck Sava\u015f\u2019\u0131n sonunu ilan eden ate\u015fkes anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n 100. y\u0131l\u0131. Onlarca ulustan milyonlarca i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7inin can\u0131na mal olarak d\u00fcnyay\u0131 kana bo\u011fan bu sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatanlarla onlara kat\u0131lan yenilerinin emperyalist \u015fefleri Paris\u2019te toplanarak s\u00f6zde bar\u0131\u015fa olan d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnl\u00fcklerini kan\u0131tlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Ma\u011flup ve galipleriyle sava\u015f\u0131n taraflar\u0131 sanki sava\u015f\u0131 kendileri \u00e7\u0131karmam\u0131\u015f gibiydiler. Sanki g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bi\u00e7imlerle ticari, mali ve iktisadi olarak ele ge\u00e7irmek \u00fczere rakip emperyalist devletlerle yar\u0131\u015fmam\u0131\u015f ve sanki ya\u011fmac\u0131 rekabetleri sonunda birbirlerine silah \u00e7ekmeye s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmemi\u015f gibi sava\u015fa son vermelerini kutlad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

PAYLA\u015eIM G\u00dc\u00c7LER ORANINDA GER\u00c7EKLE\u015e\u0130R<\/strong><\/p>\n

Son vereceklerse neden sava\u015fm\u0131\u015f, neden silah ve bombalar\u0131n tetiklerine sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r?<\/p>\n

Yan\u0131t a\u00e7\u0131k ve nettir: D\u00fcnyan\u0131n,b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7ler aras\u0131ndaki eski payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ge\u00e7ersizle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Eski payla\u015f\u0131m eski g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesine g\u00f6re ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir; ama emperyalist kapitalist d\u00fcnyada kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ler hi\u00e7bir zaman eskisi gibi kalmay\u0131p durmadan de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi i\u00e7in belirli bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde olu\u015fan yeni g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesi payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n yenilenmesini ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 ve Avusturya-Macaristan \u0130mparatorluklar\u0131yla birlikte I. B\u00fcy\u00fck Sava\u015f\u2019\u0131n as\u0131l ma\u011flubu olan Almanya, ba\u015fl\u0131ca rakipleri durumundaki \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa\u2019yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 geli\u015fmi\u015ftir; ama s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeler, eskiden onlar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015f rakiplerinin elindedir. Tekelleriyle Alman \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu yay\u0131lma alanlar\u0131 ya da ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle yeni pazarlar ve hammadde kaynaklar\u0131 talep etmi\u015f; rakipleri ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015f olduklar\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fen g\u00fc\u00e7ler ili\u015fkisine uygun olarak vermeyi kabul etmeyince, sava\u015f zorunlu hale gelmi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sorunu \u201ckuvvetler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe u\u011frad\u0131ktan sonra, kapitalist d\u00fczende \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flayacak kuvvetten ba\u015fka \u015fey var m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/em>\u201d[1]<\/a> diye ortaya koyan Lenin\u2019in s\u00f6yledi\u011fi gibi, emperyalist kapitalist g\u00fc\u00e7ler aras\u0131ndaki sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zecek olan g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. D\u00fcnya g\u00fc\u00e7ler oran\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcr; g\u00fc\u00e7ler ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ko\u015fullar farkl\u0131la\u015farak bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l y\u00f6ntemlerle b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn bu farkl\u0131la\u015fmay\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lar k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131 olanaks\u0131zla\u015f\u0131p yeni bir payla\u015f\u0131m zorunlu hale geldi\u011finde g\u00fcce dayal\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmden ba\u015fka bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulunamaz.<\/p>\n

Kapitalizm e\u015fitsiz geli\u015fir. \u0130\u015fletmeler, \u00fcretim dallar\u0131 ve sekt\u00f6rler, \u015firketler\/tekeller, b\u00f6lgeler ve \u00fclkelerin e\u015fitsiz geli\u015fmesi kapitalizmin bir yasas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Lenin, \u201cEmperyalizm…<\/em><\/strong>\u201dde elektrik sanayiinde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n tekeller aras\u0131ndaki payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rnek verir.<\/p>\n

\u201c1907’de, Amerikan ve Alman tr\u00f6stleri aras\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla, bir anla\u015fma yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oluyordu. Aralar\u0131ndaki rekabet son buldu. General ElectricCompany (GEC), Birle\u015fik Devletler ve Kanada’y\u0131 al\u0131yor; AEG’nin pay\u0131na ise, Almanya, Avusturya, Rusya, Hollanda,Danimarka, \u0130svi\u00e7re, T\u00fcrkiye, Balkan \u00fclkeleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyordu. Yeni sanayi dallar\u0131na ve hen\u00fcz kesinlikle payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmayan \u2018yeni\u2019 \u00fclkelere s\u0131zan \u2018ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015firketler\u2019in faaliyet d\u00fczeni, \u00f6zel ve elbette ki gizli birtak\u0131m anla\u015fmalarla saptand\u0131. (…) Ne var ki, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n, iki g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc tr\u00f6st aras\u0131nda bu \u015fekilde payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, geli\u015fmenin e\u015fitsizli\u011fi, sava\u015flar, iflaslar gibi nedenlerle g\u00fc\u00e7ler aras\u0131ndaki denge bozuldu\u011fu takdirde yeni bir payla\u015f\u0131lmaya gidilmeyecek anlam\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mamaktad\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

Anla\u015fmalar yoluyla benzer payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de yap\u0131lageldi\u011fi bir s\u0131r de\u011fil. Bu payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n, tek \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct olarak, tekeller ve emperyalist devletlerin g\u00fc\u00e7lerine g\u00f6re ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011fu da s\u0131r de\u011fil. Ve yine s\u0131r olmayan bir di\u011fer olgu, eski payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n, payla\u015f\u0131mc\u0131 rakiplerin g\u00fc\u00e7lerindeki de\u011fi\u015fmeye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ge\u00e7ersizle\u015ferek, yeni payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bir yandan bilinmeyen pazarlar i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan anar\u015fik ve k\u00e2r i\u00e7in \u00fcretim olu\u015fu bir yandan da maddi-teknik temeli, \u00f6rg\u00fctleni\u015fi ve \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin geli\u015fme d\u00fczeyinin farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6stermesi nedeniyle, kapitalizm, i\u015fletmeler, sekt\u00f6rler, b\u00f6lgeler ve \u00fclkelerde de\u011fi\u015fik ritimlerle geli\u015fir ve Lenin\u2019in s\u00f6yledi\u011fi gibi, \u201cmali-sermaye ve tr\u00f6stler, d\u00fcnya ekonomisinin farkl\u0131 unsurlar\u0131n\u0131ngeli\u015fmesinin ritimleri aras\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131azaltmaz, \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d[3]<\/a><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda demiryollar\u0131 ve demiryollar\u0131 (ku\u015fkusuz mali sermaye) m\u00fclkiyetiyle k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve demir sanayilerinin geli\u015fme ritimleri aras\u0131ndaki farktan hareketle Lenin, yine ayn\u0131 sonucavar\u0131r; tekeller ve kapitalist \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndaki orant\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k ve \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin g\u00fc\u00e7ten, ad\u0131n\u0131 koymak gerekirse, sava\u015ftan ba\u015fka bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc yoktur.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u201c…mevcut demiryollar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak %80’ibe\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck devletin ellerinde toplanm\u0131\u015f bulunuyor. Ama, budemiryollar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fclkiyetinin yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131, yani malisermayem\u00fclkiyetindeki yo\u011funla\u015fma \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, \u00f6rne\u011fin, \u0130ngiliz ve Frans\u0131z milyonerleri, Amerikan,Rus ve ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerin demiryolu tahvil ve hisse senetlerinib\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ellerinde tutmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/em><\/p>\n

    \u201c\u0130ngiltere, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeleri sayesinde, demiryolu \u015febekesini100.000 km, yani Almanya’da olan\u0131n d\u00f6rt kat\u0131 kadar art\u0131rm\u0131\u015fbulunuyor. Yaln\u0131z, herkes\u00e7e bilindi\u011fi gibi, bu d\u00f6nemde, Almanya’da \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin, \u00f6zellikle k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve demir sanayisiningeli\u015fme h\u0131z\u0131, Fransa ve Rusya \u015f\u00f6yle dursun, \u0130ngiltere’dekiylebile k\u0131yaslanmayacak kadar h\u0131zl\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. 1892’de Almanya’da 4,9 milyon ton, \u0130ngiltere’de 6,8 milyon tonpik demir \u00fcretilmi\u015fti. Ama daha 1912’de, bu rakamlar\u0131n, Almanya’da 17,6 milyon ton, \u0130ngiltere’de 9 milyon ton oldu\u011funug\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bu da Almanya’n\u0131n \u0130ngiltere kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda neezici bir \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck kurdu\u011funu belirtiyor! Sorun \u015fudur: biryandan, \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin geli\u015fmesi ile sermaye birikimi aras\u0131nda; \u00f6te yandan, mali-sermaye i\u00e7in s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerin ve \u2018n\u00fcfuzb\u00f6lgelerinin\u2019 payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda mevcut orans\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda, kapitalizmin bulundu\u011fu yerde,sava\u015ftan ba\u015fka bir ara\u00e7 var m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/em>\u201d[4]<\/a><\/p>\n

    Tabii ki, yoktur!<\/p>\n

    TEKEL VE \u00c7\u00dcR\u00dcME E\u011e\u0130L\u0130M\u0130, ASALAKLIK<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00d6te yandan tekeller ve emperyalizm, bilinir, \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcme e\u011filimidir, emperyalizm can \u00e7eki\u015fen kapitalizmdir. Ancak bu, tekelci d\u00f6neminde kapitalizmin geli\u015fmedi\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmez. \u201c…\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcme e\u011filiminin, kapitalizmin h\u0131zl\u0131 geli\u015fmesini \u00f6nleyece\u011fini sanmak yanl\u0131\u015f olur. \u00d6nlemez. Emperyalist d\u00f6nemde, baz\u0131 sanayi kollar\u0131, burjuvazinin baz\u0131 katmanlar\u0131, baz\u0131 \u00fclkeler, bu e\u011filimlerden birini ya da \u00f6tekini, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya da b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00f6sterirler. Genel olarak, kapitalizm, eskiye g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir h\u0131zla geli\u015fmektedir. Bu geli\u015fme, yaln\u0131zca genellikle gitgide daha e\u015fitsiz hale gelmekle kalmay\u0131p geli\u015fme e\u015fitsizli\u011fi, sermaye bak\u0131m\u0131ndan en zengin \u00fclkelerin (\u0130ngiltere) \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmesinde kendini \u00f6zellikle g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/em>\u201d (140)<\/p>\n

    G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde geli\u015fme e\u015fitsizli\u011finin kendisini \u00f6zellikle g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u201c\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcme<\/em>\u201d halinde bir \u00fclke var m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n

    \u00c7\u00fcr\u00fcme e\u011filiminin genel oldu\u011fu ku\u015fkusuzdur. \u00c7in gibi en h\u0131zl\u0131 geli\u015fen kapitalist \u00fclkelerin bile kofluk ve \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmeyle mal\u00fbl olduklar\u0131; \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmenin, en ba\u015fta tekelden ve asalakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu \u00fclke de i\u00e7inde olmak \u00fczere, t\u00fcm emperyalist \u00fclkelerin giderek daha \u00e7ok sermaye ihrac\u0131na y\u00f6neldi\u011fi ve ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerin ya\u011fmalanmas\u0131ndan gelen kazan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131nartt\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00fcretimden kopma ve kupon-kesicili\u011fin, finansal dalaverelerind\u00fczeyinin her yerde y\u00fckseldi\u011fi, \u201culusal<\/em>\u201d gelirler i\u00e7inde d\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7 faizlerinin durmadan b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve emperyalist devletlerin \u201crantiye-devlet<\/em>\u201d niteli\u011finin her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn belirginle\u015fti\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fma g\u00f6t\u00fcrmezdurumda.<\/p>\n

    Bu, sanayi \u00fcretiminin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesinde de g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Japonya \u00f6rne\u011fi, on y\u0131llar\u0131 bulan durgunlu\u011fun kan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 sunuyor ve \u00f6rne\u011fin ekonominin bir \u00f6nceki \u00e7eyre\u011fe g\u00f6re bu y\u0131l\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00e7eyre\u011findeki b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi negatif: %-0.3. Brezilya h\u0131zl\u0131 bir s\u0131nai b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin ard\u0131ndan \u015fimdi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen \u201ck\u0131r\u0131lgan<\/em>\u201d ekonomileri aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. AB Komisyonu, \u0130talyan H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin 2019 B\u00fct\u00e7esi i\u00e7in tahmini olarak saptad\u0131\u011f\u0131 %1.5\u2019luk b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u201ciyimser<\/em>\u201d bularak uyar\u0131da bulunurken, \u0130spanya\u2019da sanayi \u00fcretimi Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de %0.1 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc. \u0130ngiltere\u2019de imalat sanayi bu y\u0131l 2. ve 3. \u00e7eyrekte negatif b\u00fcy\u00fcme g\u00f6sterir ve sadece A\u011fustos\u2019ta %0.5b\u00fcy\u00fcrken, Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de toplam sanayi \u00fcretimindeki b\u00fcy\u00fcme hem ayl\u0131k hem y\u0131ll\u0131k olarak s\u0131f\u0131r d\u00fczeyinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ferek yerinde sayd\u0131. Fransa\u2019da Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de %1.8 d\u00fc\u015fen sanayi \u00fcretimi, birinci ve ikinci \u00e7eyrekteki negatif b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin ard\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00e7eyrekte %0.7\u2019lik bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebildi.<\/p>\n

    \u0130yi durumda g\u00f6r\u00fcnen \u00fclkelerde de bir yava\u015flama kendisini hissettiriyor veb\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f e\u011filimi \u00f6rne\u011fin \u00c7in a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da ge\u00e7erli. Bu y\u0131l\u0131n ikinci \u00e7eyre\u011finde %6.7 b\u00fcy\u00fcyen \u00c7in ekonomisi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00e7eyrekte %6.5 b\u00fcy\u00fcrken sanayi \u00fcretiminin b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131nda da yava\u015flama g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc ve Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de sanayi \u00fcretimi y\u0131ll\u0131k %5.8 b\u00fcy\u00fcyebildi. 4.7\u2019lik b\u00fcy\u00fcme tahmini revize edilerek, Hindistan\u2019da sanayi \u00fcretimi Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de 4.3 b\u00fcy\u00fcrken, imalat sanayiin b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131 A\u011fustos rakam\u0131 olan 5.1\u2019den Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de 4.6\u2019ya geriledi. ABD bu y\u0131l\u0131n ikinci \u00e7eyre\u011finde 4.1\u2019lik bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme g\u00f6sterdi, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00e7eyrekte bu b\u00fcy\u00fcme bir miktar gerileyerek 3.5\u2019e d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u0130malat sanayi \u00fcretimi ise ayl\u0131k olarakancak %.0.2 b\u00fcy\u00fcyebildi. Almanya sanayi \u00fcretimi, bu y\u0131l May\u0131s\u2019taki ayl\u0131k %2.4\u2019l\u00fck b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin ard\u0131ndan Haziran\u2019da 0.7, Temmuz\u2019daysa 1.3 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fckten sonra, A\u011fustos\u2019ta 0.1, Eyl\u00fcl\u2019deyse 0.2 b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi ba\u015farabildi.<\/p>\n

    \u00d6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomilerde g\u00f6r\u00fclen sanayi \u00fcretimi b\u00fcy\u00fcme oran ve h\u0131zlar\u0131nda yava\u015flama ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f e\u011filiminin,rakipleri taraf\u0131ndan yan\u0131tlanarak yay\u0131lan ABD\u2019nin ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ticaret sava\u015flar\u0131yla bir ilgisi elbette \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Ancak ticaret sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n kendisinin de b\u00fcy\u00fcmedeki gerilemeler kadar \u201cpasta<\/em>\u201dn\u0131n g\u00f6rece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmesinin yan\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n zorla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n bir belirtisi ve \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmelidir.<\/p>\n

    Ne s\u00fcr\u00fckleyici ekonomiler ne de b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak kapitalist d\u00fcnya ekonomisi bir kriz i\u00e7inde. Hatta tersine, d\u00fcnya ticareti bu y\u0131l %2\u2019lik bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme g\u00f6steriyor. Yine de verilen rakamlar konjonkt\u00fcrel durumu yans\u0131t\u0131yor ve kapitalizmin devresel geli\u015fme e\u011frileriyle do\u011frudan ili\u015fkili. Ancak sanayi \u00fcretimi ve geli\u015fmesindeki i\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 olmayan durumubelirttikleri de herhalde ortada. Finans \u201csekt\u00f6r\u00fc<\/em>\u201d hemen her \u00fclkede a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u015fi\u015fmi\u015f durumda. Ayn\u0131 \u015fi\u015fkinlik hizmetlerde de g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Ve t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn as\u0131l olarak s\u0131nai \u00fcretimde yarat\u0131lan art\u0131-de\u011ferden beslendikleriyse biliniyor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den \u00f6rnek verilecek olursa, bankalar\u0131n 2018\u2019in ilk 7 ay\u0131nda toplam 183.5 milyar TL\u2019yi a\u015fan faiz gelirleri, hele kriz ko\u015fullar\u0131nda k\u00e2r oranlar\u0131yla toplam k\u00e2rlar\u0131 iyice d\u00fc\u015fen, hatta zarar etme e\u011filimi g\u00f6steren \u00e7e\u015fitli sanayi \u015firketleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmayacak kadar y\u00fcksek.<\/p>\n

    \u00d6te yandan b\u00fcy\u00fck kapitalist emperyalist \u00fclke ve tekellerinin sermaye ihrac\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak sahip olduklar\u0131 yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki varl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7ok ciddi mebla\u011flar olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n

    ABD net yabanc\u0131 varl\u0131klar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan negatif pozisyonda. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z dolar basarak finanse edip ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerin s\u0131rt\u0131na y\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek. \u00d6rne\u011fin 2018 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019\u00fcnde ithalat\u0131 266.5 milyar dolarla rekor d\u00fczeyde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor. Ayn\u0131 ay ABD\u2019ye yabanc\u0131 sermaye giri\u015fi 60 milyar dolar. ABD\u2019nin sadece end\u00fcstriyel mal sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 47, toplam ihracat\u0131ysa 212 milyar dolar. ABD\u2019nin toplam 54 milyarl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f ticaret a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 37.5 milyar\u0131 sadece \u00c7in\u2019le olan ticaretinden geliyor. 2018 Ocak-Eyl\u00fcl d\u0131\u015f ticaret a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise 445 milyar dolar ve bunun 300 milyar dolardan fazlas\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019le ticaretinden kaynaklan\u0131yor. Ancak \u00f6nemli olan \u015fu ki, yabanc\u0131 sermaye ithalat\u0131 daha y\u00fcksek olsa bile, ABD\u2019nin ihra\u00e7 etti\u011fi sermaye miktar\u0131 2017 itibariyle toplam 5,644 trilyon dolar tutar\u0131ndayd\u0131. ABD\u2019nin cari a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek olu\u015fu, onun yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yo\u011fun bir varl\u0131\u011fa sahip oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fini de\u011fi\u015ftirmiyor.<\/p>\n

    \u00dcstelik ABD\u2019nin net yabanc\u0131 varl\u0131klar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan negatifte olmas\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck emperyalist \u00fclkelerin ayn\u0131 kaderi payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmiyor. Yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda 1.634 trilyon dolarl\u0131k yat\u0131r\u0131ma sahip \u0130ngiltere, cari a\u00e7\u0131k verir ve ABD\u2019ye benzerpozisyonda. Ancak 8 trilyon Euro civar\u0131ndaki d\u0131\u015f varl\u0131klar\u0131yla Almanya ve Hollanda, 1 ve 6 trilyon dolar\u0131n \u00fczerindeki yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 varl\u0131klar\u0131yla Rusya, \u00c7in\u2019in yan\u0131nda Japonya da y\u00fcksek net d\u0131\u015f varl\u0131klar\u0131yla dikkati \u00e7ekiyorlar. Net d\u0131\u015f yat\u0131r\u0131mlar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, 2016 itibariyle, Almanya 1.616, Hollanda 447, Rusya 314, Japonya 2.812, \u00c7in 1.600 trilyon dolar fazla veriyorlar.<\/p>\n

    Kendi \u00fclkelerinde yat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131 yabanc\u0131 sermayelerle yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelere sermaye olarak ihra\u00e7 ettikleri d\u0131\u015f varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek olu\u015fu birlikte dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, emperyalist kapitalist \u00fclkeler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, kendi topraklar\u0131 kadar \u00fcretimden de kopmu\u015f ve m\u00fclkiyet ili\u015fkisi kupon-kesicili\u011fe indirgenmi\u015f sermaye b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckleri hakk\u0131nda bir tahminde bulunulabilir. Bunun bir \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcme etkeni oldu\u011fu kan\u0131t gerektirmez.<\/p>\n

    Kapitalist \u00fclkelere gerek giren gerekse \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yapan sermaye ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 dolay\u0131mlayan finansal ili\u015fki ve ara\u00e7lar; bankalar, sigorta vb. \u015firketleri ve yat\u0131r\u0131m fonlar\u0131yla \u00e7ekilip \u00e7evrilen bu b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fcklerin ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 devasa boyutlar, \u015f\u00fcphesiz en ba\u015fta \u00fcretken sermaye olmak \u00fczere, sermaye birikiminin temel d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc ve b\u00fct\u00fcn kapitalist ili\u015fkilerin temelinde art\u0131-de\u011fer s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn bulunu\u015funu ge\u00e7ersizle\u015ftirmemekte, ancak a\u00e7\u0131k ki, spek\u00fclasyon ve zehirli fonlar\u0131yla vb. finansal s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin \u00f6nemi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsenmeyecek \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artmaktad\u0131r. Bu, ad\u0131 \u00fczerinde rantiye ya da asalakl\u0131k s\u00fcrecidir ve \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fc oldu\u011fu tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131zd\u0131r. Daha tekeller yeni ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktayken, 1876 sonbahar\u0131nda yazmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Anti-D\u00fchring\u2019te Engels taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6zlenip tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \u201cE\u011fer; bunal\u0131mlar, burjuvazinin modern \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7leriy\u00f6netmekteki <\/em>y<\/em>eteneksizli\u011fini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f bulunuyorsa,b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcretim ve ula\u015ft\u0131rma \u00f6rgenliklerinin hisse senetli\u015firketler ve devlet m\u00fclkleri durumuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc de,bu erek i\u00e7in burjuvaziden ne kadar kolay vazge\u00e7ilebilece\u011finig\u00f6sterir. Kapitalistin t\u00fcm toplumsal g\u00f6revleri \u015fimdi\u00fccretli g\u00f6revliler taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flan\u0131r. Art\u0131k kapitalistin, gelirleri cebe indirme, kuponlar\u0131 kesme ve \u00e7e\u015fitli kapitalistlerin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak birbirlerinin sermayelerinikapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 borsada oynama etkinli\u011fi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, hi\u00e7bir toplumsal etkinli\u011fi yoktur. \u0130\u015fe, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kayd\u0131rmakla ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fbulunan kapitalist \u00fcretim bi\u00e7imi, \u015fimdi kapitalistlerinaya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kayd\u0131r\u0131r, ve t\u0131pk\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler gibi, onlar\u0131 da, daha\u015fimdiden yedek sanayi ordusu i\u00e7ine de\u011filse bile, gereksizn\u00fcfus i\u00e7ine atar.<\/em>\u201d[5]<\/a><\/p>\n

    KAP\u0130TAL\u0130ZM\u0130N \u0130K\u0130 E\u011e\u0130L\u0130M\u0130: ULUSALLIK VE ULUSLARARASILA\u015eMA<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 sermaye ihrac\u0131 ve ihra\u00e7 olunan sermaye b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fcklerinin i\u015faret etti\u011fi uluslararas\u0131la\u015fma e\u011filiminin, tekelci a\u015famas\u0131nda kapitalizmin ba\u015fat e\u011filimi haline geldi\u011finden ku\u015fku duyulamaz. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7oktan tek bir kapitalist pazar haline gelmesinin \u00f6tesinde, \u00fcretim, art\u0131k b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle ama \u00f6zellikle sermaye-yo\u011fun mallarda d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor. Telefon ya da bilgisayar\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 \u015fu, di\u011feri bu \u00fclkede \u00fcretilirken, yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 \u015furadan sa\u011flan\u0131p montaj\u0131 burada ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor. Tekellerin bilan\u00e7olar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l tutulaca\u011f\u0131, hangi \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn hangi \u00fclkede \u00fcretilmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131p nas\u0131l vergilendirilece\u011fi problemi kolayl\u0131kla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemiyor. Bu e\u011filimin ilerleyi\u015fi, en bilinen \u00f6rne\u011fi AB olmak \u00fczere bir dizi uluslararas\u0131 kurumun ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve hala g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyor. \u0130ngiltere AB\u2019den ayr\u0131lma s\u00fcrecinde, ama Brexit AB\u2019nin sonu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, birlik e\u011filimi, Almanya ve Fransa oda\u011f\u0131nda bir Avrupa Ordusu\u2019nun kurulu\u015funa gelip dayand\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Brexit, kapitalizmin \u00f6zellikle ilk geli\u015fme d\u00f6nemlerinin ba\u015fat e\u011filimi olan ulusal e\u011filiminin bir yans\u0131mas\u0131 olarak g\u00fcndeme geldi ve tekelci a\u015famas\u0131nda da kapitalizmin hala bu iki e\u011filimin birli\u011fi olarak var oldu\u011funun bir kan\u0131t\u0131 durumunda. Uluslararas\u0131la\u015fma ve ulusall\u0131k, kapitalizmin iki ayr\u0131lmaz y\u00f6n\u00fc olarak ona niteli\u011fini veriyor. Kapitalizm geli\u015ftik\u00e7e uluslararas\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n ilerledi\u011fi inkar edilemez bir ger\u00e7ek. Sadece AB de\u011fil, Trump\u2019la birlikte baz\u0131lar\u0131 problem alanlar\u0131 haline gelse bile, NAFTA, ASEAN, OECD, NATO, IMF, DT\u00d6, DB… t\u00fcr\u00fc uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct bollu\u011fu g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz kapitalizminin bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi durumunda. Ancak hi\u00e7biri sorunsuz de\u011fil. Ve bu e\u011filimin yeni \u00fcr\u00fcnleri olarak olu\u015fma a\u015famas\u0131ndaki Trans-Atlantik Ticaret Anla\u015fmas\u0131 (TTIP), \u201cAmerica First<\/em>\u201d slogan\u0131ylaba\u015fkan olan Trumptaraf\u0131ndan rafa kald\u0131r\u0131larak, emperyalizmle birlikte ulusall\u0131kla bir ilgisi kalmam\u0131\u015f tekellerin \u201culusal<\/em>\u201d ya da korumac\u0131 e\u011filimi taraf\u0131ndan bertaraf edildi.<\/p>\n

    Korumac\u0131l\u0131k ya da kapitalizmin ulusal e\u011filimi yaln\u0131zca ABD ile AB aras\u0131nda yeni uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler ve birlik y\u00f6neliminin geli\u015ftirilmesinin rafa kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcrmekle kalmad\u0131. G\u00fcmr\u00fckler s\u0131f\u0131rlan\u0131p kald\u0131r\u0131larak Amerika ve Avrupa pazarlar\u0131n\u0131n birbirleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda serbestle\u015fmesi tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na bir nokta konarak, tersi istikamete d\u00f6n\u00fcld\u00fc. Trump \u00e7elik ve al\u00fcminyum ithalat\u0131nda AB, Rusya ve \u00c7in\u2019e y\u00f6nelik olarak g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergilerini y\u00fckseltirken, muhataplar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nlemler ald\u0131lar. Sorun bitmedi, Trump da durmad\u0131. Otomotiv sekt\u00f6r\u00fc bir di\u011fer ilgi alan\u0131yd\u0131. Bir yandan ABD\u2019de \u00fcretim yapan Japon, \u00c7in ve Alman otomotiv tekelleri ve \u00fcretimlerinin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc kesmeyi bir yandan da ithal otomobilleri vergiye ba\u011flamay\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcne koydu. Ancak Ford nas\u0131l T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00fcretim yap\u0131yorsa, \u00f6rne\u011fin General Motorsda ABD\u2019de satt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan fazla otomobili \u00c7in\u2019de \u00fcretip \u00c7in\u2019de sat\u0131yor; yani sadece pazar de\u011fil \u00e7oktan \u00fcretim a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndanda uluslararas\u0131 bir niteli\u011fe ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumda. Anlam\u0131 \u015fu ki; \u00c7inTrump\u2019\u0131ntasarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nlemleri ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde yan\u0131tlad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda en \u00e7ok zarar g\u00f6receklerden biri bir Amerikan \u015firketi olacak!<\/p>\n

    Sorun b\u00f6yle e\u011file b\u00fck\u00fcle emperyalistlerin g\u00fcndeminde ve kapitalizmin iki \u00e7eli\u015fmeli e\u011filimi bir arada, d\u00fcnyay\u0131 kendi pazarlar\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak payla\u015fma kavgas\u0131ndaki belli ba\u015fl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck devletlerin aralar\u0131ndaki rekabet ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya dayal\u0131 ili\u015fkiyi belirliyor.<\/p>\n

    KAP\u0130TAL\u0130ZM, REKABET VE PAZAR KAVGASIDIR<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Ge\u00e7im ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc harekete ge\u00e7ip etken hale gelemeyen \u00fcretimara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n sermaye haline, emek-g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc arac\u0131 haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesini zorunlu k\u0131lan kapitalist \u00fcretim bi\u00e7imi, zaten toplumsal \u00fcretimin birikim\/s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcye dayal\u0131 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi ve tamamen toplumsal nitelikte olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin birbirleriyle rekabet halindeki kapitalistlerce m\u00fclk edinilmesi demektir. Kapitalizmin birbirleriyle rekabet eden kapitalistlerin m\u00fclkiyetindeki tek tek fabrikalarda \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc olu\u015fuyla bilinmeyen bir pazar i\u00e7in anar\u015fik \u00fcretim olu\u015fu aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fki, \u00fcretim ve eme\u011fin toplumsal niteli\u011fiyle m\u00fclk edinmenin \u00f6zel kapitalist bi\u00e7imi aras\u0131ndaki kapitalizmin temel uzla\u015fmaz kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu, kapitalizm kapitalizm olarak kald\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcp uzla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak giderilmesi olanaks\u0131z olan emek-sermaye \u00e7eli\u015fkisinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kapitalizmin bir di\u011fer \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcms\u00fcz \u00e7eli\u015fkisini verir: kapitalistler aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fki. Kapitalizmde kapitalistler ve kapitalizmin son a\u015famas\u0131nda mali sermaye ve tekellerin birbirleriyle rekabeti ve pazar kavgas\u0131 bitimsizdir.<\/p>\n

    Engels, Anti-D\u00fchring\u2019de, kapitalizmin geli\u015fmesi i\u00e7inde \u00fcretimdeki anar\u015fiyle birlikte kapitalistler aras\u0131ndaki bu rekabet ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 anlat\u0131r:<\/p>\n

    \u201cEski \u00e7er\u00e7eveler gev\u015fedi, eski kapal\u0131l\u0131k engelleri par\u00e7aland\u0131, \u00fcreticiler gitgide ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve tek ba\u015f\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan meta \u00fcreticileri haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler. Toplumsal \u00fcretimde anar\u015fi do\u011fdu, ve gitgidedoru\u011funa g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Ama kapitalist \u00fcretim bi\u00e7iminin toplumsal \u00fcretimde bu anar\u015fiyi kendisi arac\u0131yla art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131ca alet, gene de anar\u015finin tam kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 idi: \u00fcretimin, tek ba\u015f\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f her \u00fcretim kurumundaki toplumsal \u00fcretim olarak, artan \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi. Kapitalist \u00fcretim bi\u00e7imi, bir zamanlar\u0131n o dingin kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015fte bu aletle son verdi. Bir sanayi koluna girdi\u011fi her yerde, kendi yan\u0131nda daha eski hi\u00e7bir i\u015fletme y\u00f6ntemini ya\u015fatmad\u0131. Zanaat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 egemenli\u011fine ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 her yerde, eski zanaat\u00e7\u0131lar s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131kt\u0131. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131 bir sava\u015f alan\u0131 durumuna geldi. B\u00fcy\u00fck co\u011frafi bulgular ve onlar\u0131 izleyen kolonizasyon giri\u015fimleri, mahre\u00e7leri \u00e7o\u011faltt\u0131, ve zanaat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n man\u00fcfakt\u00fcrler durumuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131. Sava\u015f\u0131m, sadece yerel bireysel \u00fcreticiler aras\u0131nda patlamad\u0131; yerel sava\u015f\u0131mlar, ulusal sava\u015f\u0131mlar: 17. ve 18. y\u00fczy\u0131llar\u0131n tecimsel sava\u015flar\u0131 durumuna gelecek derecede b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fcler. Sonunda, b\u00fcy\u00fck sanayi ve d\u00fcnya pazar\u0131n\u0131n kurulu\u015fu, sava\u015f\u0131m\u0131 evrenselle\u015ftirdi ve ayn\u0131 zamanda ona g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir zorluluk verdi. Tek tek kapitalistler aras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, sanayiler ve \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda da, az ya da \u00e7ok elveri\u015fli olduklar\u0131na g\u00f6re, var ya da yok olmay\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131ran \u015fey, do\u011fal ya da yapay \u00fcretim ko\u015fullar\u0131d\u0131r. Yenik, g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn ya\u015f\u0131na bak\u0131lmadan elenir.<\/em>\u201d[6]<\/a><\/p>\n

    Trump\u2019\u0131n yeniden g\u00fcndeme getirdi\u011fi t\u00fcrden ticaret sava\u015flar\u0131, \u00f6zetle, yeni de\u011fildir. Kapitalizmin do\u011fu\u015fuyla birlikte ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flar ve sadece tek tek \u00fcreticiler aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclmekle kalmay\u0131p yerel ve ulusal \u00e7apta ticaret sava\u015flar\u0131na ve kapitalist d\u00fcnya pazar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131yla d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde sava\u015flara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Farkl\u0131 uluslar\u0131n kapitalistlerinin silahla birbirlerinin bo\u011faz\u0131na sar\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131n, asl\u0131nda ulusal sloganlarla yedekleyerek ellerine silah verip farkl\u0131 uluslardan i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ileri kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelen ordular halinde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f taburlar ve t\u00fcmenlerle birbirlerini k\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelttikleri sava\u015flar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131nda, bu ticaret \u2013ve genelle\u015ftirilirsepayla\u015f\u0131m\u2013 sava\u015flar\u0131ndan ba\u015fkas\u0131 yoktur. Bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l y\u00f6ntemlerle y\u00fcr\u00fcyebildi\u011fi kadar y\u00fcr\u00fcyen ticari\/pazar kap\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, belirli bir a\u015famadan sonra silahl\u0131 zora ba\u015fvurmaya g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve silahlar \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir. Kapitalizmin geli\u015fmesinin \u00f6n\u00fcne dikilen feodalizm kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 niteliklerinin yan\u0131nda ba\u015fta Napolyon sava\u015flar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ulusal sava\u015flar\u0131 b\u00f6yledir ve bu y\u00fczy\u0131la damgalar\u0131n\u0131 vurmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Kapitalizmin son a\u015famas\u0131 olarak tekeller ve emperyalizm, farkl\u0131 uluslar\u0131n kapitalistleri aras\u0131ndaki sava\u015flar\u0131n hem niteli\u011fini de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f hem de d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde yay\u0131lmalar\u0131na ve \u015fiddetlenmelerine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tekeller ve emperyalizmle girdi\u011fi gericile\u015fme s\u00fcrecini tamamlayan kapitalizm ve kapitalist tekeller art\u0131k d\u00fcnyay\u0131 payla\u015fma kavgas\u0131 i\u00e7indedirler. Payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n konusu pazarlar ve hammadde kaynaklar\u0131yla d\u00fcped\u00fcz \u00fclkelerdir.<\/p>\n

    Rekabetten do\u011fan tekeller rekabete son vermi\u015flerdir. Ancak son verdikleri sadece serbest rekabettir; bu kez rekabet, tekeller ve emperyalist devletler aras\u0131nda daha \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n

    Serbest rekabete son veren tekeller \u00fcretim alanlar\u0131 ve i\u015fkollar\u0131yla pazarlar \u00fczerine anla\u015fmalar yapmaya giri\u015fmi\u015flerdir. Ancak \u00f6rne\u011fin belirli i\u015fkollar\u0131nda anla\u015fmaya dayal\u0131 olarak tam bir tekel durumu yaratma istisnai olarak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabildi\u011fi gibi, tam ya da k\u0131smi kartel anla\u015fmalar\u0131yla \u00fcretim ve pazar\u0131n tekel alt\u0131na al\u0131nabildi\u011fi durumlarda da, fazla uzun s\u00fcrmeden de\u011fi\u015fen g\u00fc\u00e7 dengeleri eski anla\u015fmalar\u0131 ge\u00e7ersizle\u015ftirip yeni anla\u015fmalar\u0131 ihtiya\u00e7 haline getirmi\u015ftir. Durmaks\u0131z\u0131n anla\u015fmalar\u0131n yenilenme ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n her zaman ve her durumda kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, tahmin edilebilece\u011fi gibi olduk\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr; ancak yeni anla\u015fmalar\u0131n sa\u011flanabildi\u011fi durumlarda da, bu, g\u00fcce g\u00f6re ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmekte ve rekabete son verme yerine rekabet ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n yenilenmesine ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n devam\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcrmektedir. Sonu\u00e7, olabildi\u011fi durumlarda da anla\u015fmalar\u0131n ko\u015fullu ve ge\u00e7ici\/s\u00fcreli, rekabetinse s\u00fcrekli ve belirleyici olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zetle, \u00fcretim anar\u015fisine son verilerek, \u00fcretimin bilinen bir pazar i\u00e7in ve plana ba\u011flanarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n kapitalist \u00fcretim bi\u00e7iminin genel niteli\u011fi halini almas\u0131 ya da bir di\u011fer deyi\u015fle \u201cultra-emperyalizm<\/em>\u201de ula\u015f\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve bu olanaks\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    EMPERYAL\u0130ZMDE PAYLA\u015eIM SAVA\u015eLARI OLA\u011eAN OLANDIR<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Tekeller aras\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015femeyen, rekabetten ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, anla\u015fmaya dayal\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l ili\u015fkilerin mali sermaye ve tekellerin egemenli\u011finin aletinden ba\u015fka \u015fey olmayan tekelci kapitalizmi \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesinin zeminiedinmi\u015f emperyalist devletler aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilmesinin ise hi\u00e7bir dayana\u011f\u0131 yoktur. Ya da bu t\u00fcr bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l ili\u015fkiler ancak g\u00f6rece k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli olarak ve \u00f6zel ko\u015fullarda olanakl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dcstelik b\u00f6yle ili\u015fkiler, k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli ate\u015fkesler olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015febildikleri ko\u015fullarda da, yine, ancak ve yaln\u0131zca g\u00fcce dayal\u0131 olarak olu\u015fabilir.<\/p>\n

    D\u00fcnyan\u0131n siyasal tarihi bunun kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r. Belirli g\u00fc\u00e7 ili\u015fkilerinin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak ancak belirli bir d\u00f6neme \u00f6zg\u00fc olabilen bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l ko\u015fullar, de\u011fi\u015fen g\u00fc\u00e7 ili\u015fkilerince giderek ge\u00e7ersizle\u015ftirilirler ve g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fteki anla\u015fma halinin yerini \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma hali al\u0131r. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n giderek sertle\u015fip silahl\u0131 sava\u015fa\/sava\u015flara g\u00f6t\u00fcrmesi geli\u015fmenin tamamen normal seyridir.<\/p>\n

    De\u011fi\u015fen g\u00fc\u00e7 ili\u015fkileri, eskilerine ek olarak yeni anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar biriktirir, bu birikim \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ko\u015fulland\u0131r\u0131r. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fma \u00f6nce bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l ara\u00e7larla s\u00fcrer, sonra giderek silahlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar, irili ufakl\u0131 silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ve sava\u015flar g\u00fcndeme gelir. Bu sava\u015flar, genel kural olarak yerel kalmay\u0131p s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 a\u015farak uluslararas\u0131la\u015f\u0131r, b\u00f6lgesel ve daha b\u00fcy\u00fck sava\u015flara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrler. \u0130ki B\u00fcy\u00fck D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 b\u00f6yle \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Birincisi, Lenin\u2019in dedi\u011fi gibi son derece h\u0131zl\u0131 geli\u015fip rakiplerini ge\u00e7en ama hemen hi\u00e7 yay\u0131lma alan\u0131 ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeye sahip olmayan Almanya\u2019n\u0131n, yan\u0131na payla\u015f\u0131ma konu olan, gerileme, hatta \u201c\u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f<\/em>\u201d durumundaki Avusturya-Macaristan ve Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorluklar\u0131n\u0131 alarak, payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n yenilenmesini talep etmesi, ama y\u00fcz geri edilmesiyle patlak vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    \u0130kincisi, daha Versay\u2019da birincisinin sonunu kay\u0131t alt\u0131na alan bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalan\u0131rken mayalanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, benimsenemeyecek, son derece a\u011f\u0131r ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 ko\u015fullar dayat\u0131lan Almanya, yok say\u0131l\u0131p \u201cadam yerine konmamas\u0131n\u0131<\/em>\u201d daha ba\u015f\u0131ndan kabul etmemi\u015f; zafer sarho\u015flu\u011fuyla haz\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k bir arada yeni bir sava\u015f\u0131 ko\u015fullam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 15 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesizlik bir yana anavatan\u0131nda bask\u0131lanan Almanya\u2019da en \u00e7ok Versay a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lamas\u0131na tepkiyi kullanarak Hitler \u201ctereya\u011f\u0131 yerine top<\/em>\u201d politikas\u0131na ge\u00e7mi\u015f, Birinci B\u00fcy\u00fck Sava\u015f\u2019\u0131n bu ma\u011flup emperyalist \u00fclkesi d\u00fcnyay\u0131 h\u0131zla yeni bir sava\u015fa s\u00fcr\u00fcklemi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Versay\u2019la \u00e7izilen s\u0131n\u0131rlar g\u00fcc\u00fc t\u00fckenip ezilen Almanya\u2019n\u0131n hi\u00e7 hesaba kat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 eski g\u00fc\u00e7ler ili\u015fkisinin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcyd\u00fc ve de\u011fi\u015fen g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesince \u00e7oktan ge\u00e7ersizle\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. Uluslararas\u0131 burjuvazi, sosyalizmden duydu\u011fu korkuyla, \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc alabilecekken Hitler\u2019in \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc kesmek yerine onu sosyalist SSCB\u2019nin \u00fcst\u00fcne y\u00f6neltmek i\u00e7in tavizler yolunu se\u00e7mi\u015f ve Almanya kolayl\u0131kla yeni bir sava\u015f\u0131n ate\u015fini yakma f\u0131rsat\u0131n\u0131 bulmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

    Birincisinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan dersle, II. B\u00fcy\u00fck Payla\u015f\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda belinin k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla yetinilmeyen Almanya par\u00e7aland\u0131. Ancak bu kez do\u011fusunda kurulan demokratik cumhuriyet sosyalist kamp\u0131n bir \u00fcyesiydi. K\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre, ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 SSCB\u2019nin \u00e7ekti\u011fi sosyalizmle ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ABD\u2019nin \u00e7ekti\u011fi kapitalizm kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131. Ama bir yandan d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan ABD patronaj\u0131nda birle\u015fen kapitalizmin tek merkezden y\u00f6netilen sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131, bir yandan da i\u00e7eriden Kru\u015f\u00e7ev\u2019le modern revizyonizmin y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 yozla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sosyalizmin yenilgisini getirdi. Ve Kru\u015f\u00e7ev\u2019in ard\u0131ndan Brejnev\u2019le modern revizyonizmin egemenli\u011finde kapitalizmin restorasyonu yolunda ilerleyerek ikinci \u201cs\u00fcper devlet<\/em>\u201d olarak, Amerikan emperyalizmiyle hegemonya ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 yar\u0131\u015f\u0131na giren Rus sosyal emperyalizminin kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldikleri \u201ciki kutuplu d\u00fcnya<\/em>\u201dya var\u0131ld\u0131. Bu -k\u00f6kleri ge\u00e7mi\u015fte olan, ama iki s\u00fcper devlet aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadeleye ba\u011flanarak nitelik olarak farkl\u0131la\u015fan i\u00e7eri\u011fiyle hemen t\u00fcm\u00fc ulusal dayanaklara sahip b\u00f6lgesel \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ve sava\u015flar\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc- sert hegemonya \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 d\u00f6neminde, neredeyse II. B\u00fcy\u00fck Sava\u015f\u2019\u0131n ma\u011fluplar\u0131 kadar g\u00fc\u00e7ten d\u00fc\u015ferek, hi\u00e7 de\u011filse bir s\u00fcreli\u011fine ba\u015f \u00e7ekici iddialar\u0131n\u0131 erteleyen ve \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131yla iddialar\u0131n\u0131 ABD ile birlikte ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme yolunu tutan galipler de, yeni kurdu\u011fu NATO\u2019nun \u00fcyeleri olarak ABD emperyalizminin \u201c\u015femsiyesi<\/em>\u201d alt\u0131nda topland\u0131lar.Uzunca bir s\u00fcre b\u00f6yle s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Ta ki modern revizyonizmin egemenli\u011fi SSCB\u2019yi y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015fa g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcnceye kadar.<\/p>\n

    Tek s\u00fcper g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak kalan Amerikan emperyalizminin patronaj\u0131 bir s\u00fcre daha devam etti. Ancak devaml\u0131 b\u00f6yle gitmedi. \u201cTarihin cilvesi<\/em>\u201d, ABD\u2019nin Marshall yard\u0131mlar\u0131yla bellerini do\u011frultma s\u00fcrecine giren Almanya\u2019yla Japonya da i\u00e7inde olmak \u00fczere, emperyalistler giderek kendilerini toparlamakla kalmay\u0131p giderek y\u00fcksek perdeden \u00e7\u0131kan sesleriyle eski payla\u015f\u0131mdan ho\u015fnutsuzluklar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. G\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e talepleri artar oldu. II. Sava\u015f\u2019\u0131n galiplerinden olan Fransa, hatta hen\u00fcz SSCB \u00e7\u00f6kmeden, talepleri kar\u015f\u0131lanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in NATO\u2019dan ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Fazla ho\u015fnut olmasalar bile, ABD patronaj\u0131nda onunla ittifaklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrerek\u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 elde etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak,\u0130ngiltere ile Japonya\u2019n\u0131nsa i\u015fine geldi. Her birinin nedenleri vard\u0131. \u0130ngiltere, Almanya ile Fransa\u2019n\u0131n oda\u011f\u0131nda yer ald\u0131klar\u0131 Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n birlik olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131n ma\u011fduru durumundayd\u0131. Japonya ise, tarihsel olarak sorunlar ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 eskianti emperyalizm ve demokrasi m\u00fccahidi \u00c7in\u2019in kapitalizm yolunda h\u0131zla ilerleyerek sahip oldu\u011fu devasa ekonomisiyle b\u00fcy\u00fck ve iddial\u0131 bir emperyalist \u00fclkeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ABD ile ittifak\u0131 tercih etmekteydi.<\/p>\n

    \u015eimdi, bir yanda sosyal emperyalizmin kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerinde k\u00fcllerinden yeniden do\u011fan emperyalist Rusya, bir yanda bu b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fclke kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda Fransa ile birlikte ABD\u2019den farkl\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131m tutturan AB\u2019nin kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc elinde bulunduran ve son y\u0131llara kadar sava\u015f harcamalar\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131narak h\u0131zl\u0131 bir iktisadi b\u00fcy\u00fcme ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren Almanya, \u00f6te yanda birka\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde ABD\u2019den b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ekonomik g\u00fcce ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z kabul edilen \u00c7in ve yine b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ekonomik g\u00fc\u00e7 olu\u015fturan Hindistan, ABD\u2019nin patronaj\u0131 kadar kontrol\u00fc de d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7ler durumundalar. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin kendi \u201culusal<\/em>\u201d taleplerine sahipler. Bug\u00fcn i\u00e7in talepleri en ba\u015fta ekonomik, mali ve ticari nitelikli. Ancak bunlar\u0131n giderek siyasal ve hatta askeri nitelikler kazanmalar\u0131 i\u015ften bile de\u011fil. Nitekim \u00c7in\u2019le Rusya, b\u00f6lgelerindeki birka\u00e7 \u00fclkenin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla \u015eanghay \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc kurdular ve kimse, yeni kat\u0131l\u0131mlarla geni\u015flerken, \u015fimdilik ekonomik y\u00f6n\u00fc a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olan ama siyasal bir niteli\u011fe de sahip bu \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn daha s\u0131k\u0131 ve ileri bir birli\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fme potansiyelinden ku\u015fku duymuyor.<\/p>\n

    Ve biliniyor ki, eski payla\u015f\u0131m bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ko\u015fullarla g\u00fcncel g\u00fc\u00e7 ili\u015fki ve dengeleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de\u011fil, ama bug\u00fcnk\u00fcnden fazlas\u0131yla de\u011fi\u015fik olan II. B\u00fcy\u00fck Sava\u015f ertesi ko\u015fullarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fip, onun devam\u0131 olarak, iki s\u00fcper g\u00fcc\u00fcn hegemonya m\u00fccadelesi ko\u015fullar\u0131nda yenilenmi\u015ftir. Uzunca bir s\u00fcredir yenilenmekte olan g\u00fc\u00e7 ili\u015fkileri ve dengesinin ise g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde art\u0131k yeni bir payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 zorlad\u0131\u011f\u0131ysa ortada. \u00dcstelik bu zorunlulu\u011fun, laf\u0131n \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7erek,tekeller ve b\u00fcy\u00fck emperyalist devletler aras\u0131nda, giderek sertle\u015fme ve \u201cvesayet sava\u015flar\u0131<\/em>\u201dndan dolays\u0131z \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ferek d\u00fcnyan\u0131n pek \u00e7ok b\u00f6lgesinde s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de yine biliniyor.<\/p>\n

    G\u00dcNCEL \u00c7ATI\u015eMA B\u00d6LGELER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u015eimdilik ekonomik ve ticari sava\u015f a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olan payla\u015f\u0131m kavgas\u0131, ba\u015fl\u0131ca rakip emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7lerin geli\u015fme ve yay\u0131lmalar\u0131yla birbirlerinin geli\u015fme ve yay\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc kesme i\u00e7eri\u011fiyle s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. ABD\u2019nin a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 ticaret sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 budur: Kendi pazarlar\u0131n\u0131 koruma ve rakiplerinin geli\u015fmesiyle kendi i\u00e7 pazar\u0131nda yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc kesme. \u00c7eli\u011fe ve al\u00fcminyuma koydu\u011fu ek vergilerdenba\u015flayarak korumac\u0131l\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelen ABD, a\u00e7\u0131k ki, rakiplerinin -sadece bu iki sanayi dal\u0131nda de\u011fil amaburadan ba\u015flay\u0131p yay\u0131larak b\u00fct\u00fcn iktisadi-geli\u015fmesini zora sokma ve kendi tekellerini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme pe\u015finde.[7]<\/a> Bu kapsamda \u0130ran\u2019a y\u00f6nelik ambargonun da sadece \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 hedeflemekle kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ama b\u00fcy\u00fck enerji kaynaklar\u0131na ve pazara sahip bu \u00fclkeyle ba\u015fta enerji olmak \u00fczere rakiplerinin ticaretiyle yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 da hedef ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortada ki, \u00c7in, Rusya, Almanya ve di\u011fer Avrupa \u00fclkeleri \u00f6zel y\u00f6ntemler geli\u015ftirerek Amerikan dayatma ve engellemelerini a\u015fma \u00e7abas\u0131ndalar.<\/p>\n

    \u00d6te yandan, ba\u015fta eski Frans\u0131z s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerini dayanak yaparak Almanya\u2019yla birlikte Fransa ve \u00f6zellikle \u00c7in\u2019in Afrika\u2019ya y\u00f6nelik ekonomik yay\u0131lmada olduk\u00e7a ileri mesafeler ald\u0131klar\u0131, ABD\u2019nin ise \u00f6nlerini kesme u\u011fra\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Ayn\u0131 \u015fey, Latin Amerika a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da ge\u00e7erli. \u00d6zellikle \u00c7in, bu iki k\u0131tada \u201cemperyalizm kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131<\/em>\u201d propaganda yap\u0131p d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck faizli krediler a\u00e7arak ilerlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. \u00c7in\u2019in Asya\u2019daki ekonomik ilerleyi\u015fi ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ise \u00f6n\u00fc al\u0131nacak gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor. \u00c7in, Amerika\u2019y\u0131 eski egemenlik alanlar\u0131ndan teker teker s\u00fcr\u00fcp \u00e7\u0131karmaya giri\u015fmi\u015f durumda ve ABD, bu k\u0131tada belki sadece b\u00fcy\u00fck bir askeri g\u00fcce sahip oldu\u011fu Japonya ve G. Kore\u2019yle \u00f6zel ili\u015fkileri ve Tayvan\u2019a dayanarak ayakta kalma \u00e7abas\u0131nda.<\/p>\n

    Yeni ve h\u0131zla geli\u015fen b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7lerin \u00fczerine gelmekte olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ren Amerikan emperyalizmi, y\u00fckseli\u015fteki rakiplerini, silahlanmaya y\u00f6nelterek ekonomik geli\u015fmelerinin h\u0131z kaybetmesine ve zamans\u0131z \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara zorluyor g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Ancak silahlanman\u0131n bu \u00fclkelerin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye g\u00f6t\u00fcrmesi ihtimali k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck de\u011fil ve di\u011fer yandan aptal olmayan rakipler \u015fimdiye kadar zamans\u0131z \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalardan ka\u00e7\u0131nmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

    Ancak bir yandan Almanya\u2019yla Fransa merkezli olarak 23 Avrupa \u00fclkesi PESCO ad\u0131yla bir Avrupa Ordusu kurmaya ad\u0131m atarken, NATO-PESKO tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na I. B\u00fcy\u00fck Sava\u015f an\u0131s\u0131na Paris\u2019te bir araya gelen emperyalist liderlerden Macron\u2019laTrump\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde tan\u0131k olundu. Trump Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n NATO\u2019nun finansman\u0131na kat\u0131lmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ve ABD\u2019nin tek tarafl\u0131 koruma harcamalar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131k \u00fcstlenmeyece\u011fini s\u00f6ylerken,Macron ayn\u0131 zamanda kendi ordular\u0131n\u0131 kuracaklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nmad\u0131. \u00c7in\u2019in de h\u0131zla silahlanmakta oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemeyeyse gerek yok.<\/p>\n

    Bunca sava\u015f laf\u0131 edilirken hi\u00e7 silah kullan\u0131lmasa olmazd\u0131. Anton \u00c7ehov\u2019un \u00fcnl\u00fc s\u00f6z\u00fcd\u00fcr, \u201cDuvarda as\u0131l\u0131 silah oyunun sonunda mutlaka patlar<\/em>\u201d, duvarda bo\u015funa g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemi\u015ftir! G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n duvarlar\u0131ysa ba\u015ftan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 silah dolu. Tek ba\u015f\u0131na ABD\u2019nin y\u0131ll\u0131k silah harcamas\u0131 700 milyar dolar civar\u0131nda ve \u015fimdilik bu, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n belli ba\u015fl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck emperyalist \u00fclkelerinin toplam silahlanma harcamas\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131yor. (ABD, \u00e7\u0131kabilecek yeni bir sava\u015ftaki muhtemel rakiplerini, rakiplerinin h\u0131zl\u0131 y\u00fckseli\u015finin yak\u0131n bir zamanda bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00fcst\u00fcn askeri g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn temel dayana\u011f\u0131 olan kendi ekonomik g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc geride b\u0131rakaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmesinin yan\u0131nda en ba\u015fta bu nedenle bir erken \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya zorlamaktad\u0131r.)<\/p>\n

    \u00dcstelik silahlar \u015fimdiden d\u00fcnyan\u0131n birden fazla b\u00f6lgesinde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Enerji ge\u00e7i\u015f yollar\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u201chakim tepe<\/em>\u201d durumundaki Afganistan bunlardan birisidir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de asker bulundurdu\u011fu, BM destekli Amerikan i\u015fgali s\u00fcrmektedir ve sava\u015f bir ucundan Pakistan\u2019a da yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak b\u00f6lgede g\u00fc\u00e7 dengeleri de\u011fi\u015firken, sava\u015f hi\u00e7 de ABD taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi geli\u015fmemi\u015f, \u00f6rne\u011fin Taliban\u2019\u0131n yenilgisine ula\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, Amerikan Genelkurmay\u0131 b\u00f6yle bir sonu\u00e7 al\u0131namayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabullenmi\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. Daha ge\u00e7en y\u0131l BM Genel Sekreteri\u2019nin de kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla d\u00fczenlenen Kazakistan\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkentindeki toplant\u0131da birbirleriyle aralar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k olan Pakistan\u2019la Hindistan\u2019\u0131n birlikte \u015eanghay \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019ne \u00fcyeliklerinin onayland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve son olarak bu ay i\u00e7inde ABD\u2019nin Pakistan\u2019a yard\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 kesme karar\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise biliniyor.<\/p>\n

    Hen\u00fcz bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma \u00e7\u0131kmaktan uzak olunsa bile, Japonya ile \u00c7in Pasifik\u2019teki yapay adalar i\u00e7in teyakkuzdalar. Ve \u00c7in askeri ama\u00e7larla denizden gelebilecek sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 bu adalar\u0131 tahkim etme u\u011fra\u015f\u0131nda.<\/p>\n

    EMPERYAL\u0130ST VE ULUSAL DEMOKRAT\u0130K SAVA\u015eLARIN ZAMANDA\u015eLI\u011eI<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u015eimdilik ate\u015fkes uygulan\u0131yor olsa bile, Avrupa\u2019da Ukrayna bir silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma b\u00f6lgesi durumunda.Ba\u015fta Almanya olmak \u00fczere yay\u0131lmac\u0131 Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n el att\u0131klar\u0131, Rusya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 Amerikan emperyalizmi taraf\u0131ndan k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131lan \u201cMeydan<\/em>\u201d fa\u015fistleri bir darbeyle ve kan d\u00f6kerek Ukrayna\u2019da iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdiklerinde, \u00fclkenin do\u011fusundaki maden b\u00f6lgesinden g\u00fc\u00e7 alan iktidardaki Rus yanda\u015f\u0131 V. Yanukovi\u00e7 direnemeyip ka\u00e7t\u0131.Madencileri ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere n\u00fcfusun \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Rus olan do\u011fu Ukrayna halk\u0131 Donbass b\u00f6lgesinde Donetsk ve Lugansk Halk Cumhuriyetleri\u2019ni kurdu. Rusya ise, tarihsel ili\u015fkilerini ileri s\u00fcrerek Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n elinde kalm\u0131\u015f olan donanmas\u0131n\u0131n geleneksel \u00fcss\u00fc K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131i\u015fgal etti. Donbass\u2019a da dolayl\u0131 ve do\u011frudan yard\u0131m ediyor.<\/p>\n

    \u015eimdi b\u00f6lgede iki sava\u015f\u0131n ate\u015fkesi ya\u015fan\u0131yor, ancak tek bir sava\u015fla y\u00fcz y\u00fcze olunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortada. Ukrayna\u2019y\u0131 ele ge\u00e7iren fa\u015fist iktidarla Donbass aras\u0131nda ve Rusya ile ABD ve Avrupal\u0131 emperyalistlere vekillik eden Ukrayna aras\u0131nda.Donbass\u2019\u0131n Ukrayna\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sava\u015f\u0131n hem fa\u015fist zorbal\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda demokratik hem de Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n emperyalist destekleri dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ulusal bir sava\u015f oldu\u011fu tart\u0131\u015fma g\u00f6t\u00fcrmez. Ancak kim b\u00f6lgedeki as\u0131l sava\u015f\u0131n bu oldu\u011funu iddia edebilir?<\/p>\n

    Ku\u015fkusuz demokratik ve ulusal sava\u015flar emperyalizm ko\u015fullar\u0131nda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmakla kalmaz; sosyalist nitelikli ayaklanma ve sava\u015flar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ve genellikle onunla birle\u015fme e\u011filimi g\u00f6stererek,emperyalizm ve proleter devrimler \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir di\u011fer devrimci bile\u015fenini olu\u015fturur. Marksistler ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri uluslar\u0131n emperyalizmden kurtulu\u015f sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 desteklemi\u015f ve daha da \u00f6tesinde bu sava\u015flara \u00f6nderlik etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Lenin I. B\u00fcy\u00fck Sava\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131nda emperyalist ilhaka kar\u015f\u0131 ezilen uluslar\u0131n kendi kaderlerini tayin hakk\u0131n\u0131 savunup ayaklanma ve kurtulu\u015f sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 destekleyerek, bunun yads\u0131nabilecek t\u00fcrden bir \u015fey olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    \u201cHerhalde ilhaka u\u011fram\u0131\u015f olan Bel\u00e7ika’n\u0131n,S\u0131rbistan’\u0131n, Gali\u00e7ya’n\u0131n, Ermenistan’\u0131n, kendilerini ilhak etmi\u015folan \u00fclkelere kar\u015f\u0131 \u2018ayaklanmalar\u0131n\u0131\u2019, \u2018yurt savunmas\u0131\u2019olarak nitelendireceklerini, ve bunda hakl\u0131 olacaklar\u0131n\u0131 yads\u0131mayakalk\u0131\u015facak kimselerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 pek olas\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/em>\u201d[8]<\/a><\/p>\n

    Ancak ayn\u0131 Lenin \u201cezilen uluslar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 u\u011fruna m\u00fccadele<\/em>\u201dnin hak olarak tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve desteklenmesi genel do\u011frusundan, \u00f6rne\u011fin I. B\u00fcy\u00fck Sava\u015f\u2019ta Almanya taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilmi\u015f olan \u201cHollanda\u2019n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n birinci dereceden \u00f6nemli bir sorun oldu\u011fu sonucu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lama<\/em>\u201dyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131[9]<\/a> s\u00f6yledi\u011finde ya da teorik yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 hatal\u0131 bulmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn-par\u00e7a ili\u015fkisi nedeniyle ve \u201c\u015fu anda bir emperyalist krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n u\u015fa\u011f\u0131 durumuna d\u00fc\u015fmeden bu konuda bir \u015fey yapama\u201dyacaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in pratikte \u00f6nerilerini do\u011fru bularak, \u201cPolonya sosyal demokratlar\u0131, \u015fimdilik, Polonya’n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 slogan\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrmeden, hem k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck hem b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fclkelerde proleter sava\u015f\u0131n birli\u011fi i\u00e7in sava\u015f\u0131m verirler<\/em>\u201d[10]<\/a>dedi\u011finde \u015f\u00fcphesiz bir yanl\u0131\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Bir ad\u0131m daha at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Ukrayna\u2019daki duruma daha yak\u0131ndan benzeyen tarihsel bir \u00f6rnek olarak, I. B\u00fcy\u00fck Sava\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve Avusturya-Macaristan \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019ndan ayr\u0131l\u0131p ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir devlet kurma m\u00fccadelesi veren S\u0131rplar\u0131n ulusal m\u00fccadelesine ili\u015fkin Lenin\u2019in s\u00f6yledikleri \u00f6\u011freticidir. Lenin \u201cemperyalizm \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda ulusal sava\u015f ve devrimlerin olanaks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u201d tezini savunan Juniusbro\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc yay\u0131nlayan sol-kanat sosyal-demokratlar\u0131 (kom\u00fcnistleri) Marksizmi karikat\u00fcrle\u015ftirdiklerini s\u00f6yleyerek ele\u015ftirir ve ulusal sava\u015flar\u0131n tamamen olanakl\u0131 oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klar. Ancak genel yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftiren Lenin, bro\u015f\u00fcr\u00fc yay\u0131nlayanlar\u0131n hakl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 yerleri de belirtir. Bu kez Hollanda\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra S\u0131rbistan\u2019\u0131n da s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc eder:<\/p>\n

    \u201cJunius, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc sava\u015f\u0131n \u2018emperyalist havas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r bast\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkati \u00e7ekmekte, S\u0131rbistan’\u0131n arkas\u0131nda Rusya’n\u0131n, \u2018S\u0131rp milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin ard\u0131nda Rus emperyalizmi\u2019nin oldu\u011funu, ve bu sava\u015fa meselaHollanda’n\u0131n kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yine emperyalist birhareket olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Hollanda’n\u0131n \u00f6nce kendis\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerini savunaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ikincisi emperyalist koalisyonlardan biriyle ittifaka girece\u011fini belirtmekte\u00e7ok hakl\u0131d\u0131r. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc sava\u015f i\u00e7in tart\u0131\u015fma g\u00f6t\u00fcrmez bu. Bundan ba\u015fka Junius kendince en \u00f6nemli sorunun \u2018\u015fu anda Sosyal-Demokrat siyasetine hakimolan\u2019\u2018milli sava\u015f hortla\u011f\u0131\u2019 ile m\u00fccadele etmekoldu\u011funu belirtiyor (s. 81), ki bu bak\u0131mdan da g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerininhem do\u011fru, hem de yerinde oldu\u011funu kabuletmemiz gerekir.<\/em><\/p>\n

    \u201cYanl\u0131\u015f olan, sadece, bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi abartmak,Marksizmin \u015fart ko\u015ftu\u011fu somutluk ilkesinden ayr\u0131lmak,bu sava\u015f hakk\u0131ndaki de\u011ferlendirmemizi emperyalizm \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilecek b\u00fct\u00fcn sava\u015flara uygulamak, emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 milli hareketlerig\u00f6rmezlikten gelmektir. \u2018Milli sava\u015flar art\u0131k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir\u2019 tezinin tek dayana\u011f\u0131, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n biravu\u00e7 \u2018b\u00fcy\u00fck\u2019 emperyalist devlet aras\u0131nda pay edilmi\u015foldu\u011fu, bu nedenle bir milli sava\u015f olarak ba\u015flasabile her sava\u015f\u0131n emperyalist devletler yada koalisyonlardanbirinin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 bir emperyalistsava\u015fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc iddias\u0131d\u0131r (Junius, s. 81 ).<\/em>\u201d[11]<\/a><\/p>\n

    Lenin\u2019e g\u00f6re, emperyalist sava\u015flar hem i\u00e7 sava\u015flara hem de ulusal sava\u015flara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilirler ve hi\u00e7bir \u015feyin abart\u0131larak mutlakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n

    \u201c\u0130ngiltere ve Fransa yedi y\u0131l sava\u015f\u0131nda s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeler i\u00e7in d\u00f6\u011f\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler. Yani emperyalist bir sava\u015fta d\u00f6\u011f\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler. Fransa yenildi ve baz\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerini elden \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.(…) sonra Kuzey Amerika Devletleri\u2019nin yaln\u0131z \u0130ngiltere’ye kar\u015f\u0131 milli kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131. O zaman Fransa ve \u0130spanya \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye ba\u015f kald\u0131ran Devletlerle bir dostluk antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalad\u0131lar. \u0130ngiltere’ye kar\u015f\u0131 besledikleri d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131ktan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, yani kendi emperyalist \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zettikleri i\u00e7in yapt\u0131lar bunu. Frans\u0131z askerleri Amerikan birlikleriyle ayn\u0131 safta \u0130ngilizlere kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015ft\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

    \u201cBurada g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz bir milli kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131d\u0131r; emperyalist rekabetin bu sava\u015ftaki yeri yedektedir vepek \u00f6nemli de\u011fildir. 1914-16 sava\u015f\u0131nda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz ise bunun tam kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r, (belirleyici hakim unsur olan emperyalist rekabet yan\u0131nda AvusturyaS\u0131rp Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n milli yan\u0131 pek de \u00f6nemli de\u011fildir).Onun i\u00e7in, emperyalizm kavram\u0131n\u0131 rastgele uygulamakve bundan milli sava\u015flar\u0131n \u2018imkans\u0131z\u2019 oldu\u011fusonucunu \u00e7\u0131karmak sa\u00e7mal\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d[12]<\/a><\/p>\n

    SUR\u0130YE\u2019DE \u0130\u00c7 \u0130\u00c7E GE\u00c7EN EMPERYAL\u0130ST VE ULUSAL SAVA\u015e<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Donbass\u2019ta Ukrayna\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen yaln\u0131zca Ukrayna\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 bir sava\u015ftan ibaret olsa, orada ayn\u0131 zamanda ABD ve Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n Rusya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 hen\u00fcz vekaletle ve \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir ba\u015fka sava\u015f s\u00fcrm\u00fcyor olsa ve olan biten sadece Donbass\u2019a \u00f6zg\u00fc olmakla kalsa, \u00fczerinde bunca durmaya gerek olmayabilirdi. Ancak son derece benzer bir sava\u015f, bizi \u00e7ok yak\u0131ndan ilgilendirerek, Suriye\u2019de s\u00fcrmektedir. Sadece taraflar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiktir.<\/p>\n

    Ortado\u011fu\u2019da s\u00fcren kapsaml\u0131 sava\u015f ve sava\u015f haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n ABD taraf\u0131ndan hedefe konmas\u0131n\u0131, K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkelerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra M\u0131s\u0131r ve \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019\u00fcn kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla bir Arap NATO\u2019su olu\u015fturma ve bu \u00fclkelerle \u0130srail\u2019i yan yana getirme \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131, Irak\u2019taki normalle\u015fmeyen ko\u015fullarla Yemen Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 \u015fimdilik ay\u0131rarak, Suriye \u00fczerinde durulursa…<\/p>\n

    Donbass\u2019taRusya s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda s\u00fcren sava\u015fa, Ukrayna\u2019da iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7iren fa\u015fistler taraf\u0131ndan Amerika ve Avrupal\u0131lar davet edilmi\u015f ya da kendilerini davet ettirmi\u015flerdir. Ukrayna AB\u2019ye kat\u0131lmak \u00fczere m\u00fcracaat etmi\u015ftir. Suriye\u2019deyse Esad iktidar\u0131nca davet edilen Amerika ve Avrupal\u0131lar de\u011fil, ama tersidir; burada davetli olan Rusya\u2019d\u0131r. Ukrayna\u2019da ulusal ve demokratik bir sava\u015f vermekte olanDonbass \u00fczerinden bu \u00fclkede tutunmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131 ilhak eden Rusya\u2019yken, Suriye\u2019de durum yine tersidir. Esad rejiminin destek\u00e7isi Rusya ev sahibi pozisyondad\u0131r, \u00fclkede tutunmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlarsa ABD\u2019yle\u201cI\u015e\u0130D Kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131Koalisyon<\/em>\u201dun ortaklar\u0131 olan Avrupal\u0131lar, Bat\u0131l\u0131lard\u0131r ve \u0130srail\u2019dir. ABD, ulusal demokratik bir sava\u015f y\u00fcr\u00fctmekte olan PYD ve YPG ile SDG \u00fczerinden Suriye\u2019de tutunma u\u011fra\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Bu \u00fclkede de iki sava\u015f bir arada s\u00fcrmektedir. Vekiller giderek ikinci plana d\u00fc\u015ferken, as\u0131l sava\u015f\u0131n Suriye ve b\u00f6lgeyi payla\u015fma kavgas\u0131 i\u00e7indeki ABD ile Rusya aras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131zd\u0131r. Taraflar hala a\u00e7\u0131ktan birbirlerine silah \u00e7ekmemi\u015flerdir, ancak arada \u201cyanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla<\/em><\/strong>\u201d birinin ya da di\u011ferinin mevzileriyle silahl\u0131 birliklerinin bombaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve u\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olmaktad\u0131r. ABD\u2019nin kendisiyle birlikte davranmakta olan ortaklar\u0131 oldu\u011fu kadar, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n da birlikte davranmakta oldu\u011fu ortaklar\u0131 vard\u0131r ki, ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u0130ran vard\u0131r. Uzaktan destek\u00e7i \u00c7in\u2019dir. Yalpalamal\u0131 ortak T\u00fcrkiye, K\u00fcrt sorunu eksenindeki kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 pe\u015finde bir o tarafa bir bu tarafa sal\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Astana S\u00fcreci\u2019nde Rusya ve \u0130ran\u2019la ortakt\u0131r, ama bu ikisinin arkas\u0131nda durduklar\u0131 Esad\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 tutumda onlardan ayr\u0131lmakta ve bug\u00fcnk\u00fc tutumlar\u0131 Esad\u2019\u0131 devirmekten uzakla\u015fm\u0131\u015f olsa bile, gelece\u011fi onunla planlamayan ABD ve Bat\u0131l\u0131lara yakla\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \u0130kinci sava\u015f, genel kapsam\u0131ylaK\u00fcrtlerin ulusal kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131 olan sava\u015ft\u0131r. Farkl\u0131 bir \u00f6nderlik alt\u0131nda Irak\u2019ta y\u00fcr\u00fcyen bu kapsamdaki sava\u015f, K\u00fcrtlerin yerle\u015fik olduklar\u0131 b\u00f6lge devletlerine (T\u00fcrkiye, \u0130ran, Irak, Suriye) yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olarak s\u00fcrmektedir. K\u00fcrtler, bu \u00fclkelerden kiminde \u00fcs b\u00f6lgelerine sahiptir, b\u00f6lge devletlerinin birbirleriyle ve kendileriyle ili\u015fkileriyle tutumlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirerek kimini sava\u015f alan\u0131 haline getirmi\u015f, kiminde az-\u00e7ok bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l m\u00fccadeleyi \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f, Suriye Rojava\u2019da ise devletle\u015fme y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ad\u0131mlar atm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fckleri, kesinlikle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsenir bir sava\u015f de\u011fildir. Ancak giderek ve her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn daha \u00e7ok b\u00f6lgedeki ikinci sava\u015f\u0131n, emperyalist payla\u015f\u0131m sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda kalma e\u011filiminde oldu\u011fu da ortadad\u0131r. Emperyalizmi de\u011fil, ama b\u00f6lge devletlerini hedef alm\u0131\u015f olan K\u00fcrt ulusal sava\u015f\u0131, hedefine koymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 emperyalistler aras\u0131nda s\u00fcren sava\u015ftan, emperyalistlerin \u00e7\u0131kar, y\u00f6nelim ve dayatmalar\u0131ndan giderek daha fazla etkilenmekte, emperyalistler ve aralar\u0131ndaki sava\u015f\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda yolunu bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bunun kolay ve hatta ba\u015far\u0131labilir olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, hatta g\u00fc\u00e7 ili\u015fkileri nedeniyle, emperyalistler ve aralar\u0131ndaki rekabetin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda, s\u00fcrmekte olan hegemonya \u00e7eki\u015fmesine kurban gitme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hayli y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir \u015feydir.<\/p>\n

    K\u00fcrt ulusal hareketinin de bir g\u00fcce ve daha da \u00f6nemlisi -siyasal ve askeri geli\u015fmelerden etkilenip azal\u0131p \u00e7o\u011falsa da- kitlesel dayanaklara sahip oldu\u011fu ve bu nedenle emperyalistler taraf\u0131ndan dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenmelidir. Hesaba kat\u0131lmay\u0131p ihmal edilecek t\u00fcrden g\u00f6rece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir g\u00fc\u00e7ten s\u00f6z edilmiyor. Hatta ba\u015fta T\u00fcrkiye ve ABD, b\u00f6lgedeki varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 K\u00fcrtler \u00fczerinden gerek\u00e7elendirip a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yorlar. G\u00f6rece b\u00fcy\u00fck ve \u00f6nemli m\u00fcttefiki T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi, hem de Rusya\u2019ya do\u011fru iterek, g\u00f6zden \u00e7\u0131karmasa bile ikincille\u015ftirmeyi g\u00f6ze alarak K\u00fcrtleri silahland\u0131ran ABD a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu gerek\u00e7elendirmenin daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6neme sahip oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Di\u011fer b\u00f6lge devletleri ve rakipleriyle ili\u015fkilerine g\u00f6re bazen Suriye\u2019de \u201cfederasyon<\/em>\u201ddan s\u00f6z eden bazen de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi \u201cF\u0131rat\u2019\u0131n do\u011fusuna<\/em>\u201d y\u00f6nelten Rusya\u2019n\u0131n K\u00fcrtler ve K\u00fcrt hareketini yok saymay\u0131p hesaba katt\u0131\u011f\u0131ysa biliniyor. Ancak yine de emperyalistlerin g\u00fcc\u00fcyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu g\u00fc\u00e7 olduk\u00e7a k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr ve emperyalist \u00e7\u0131karlar gerekli k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda k\u0131smen ya da tamamen g\u00f6zden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilece\u011fi tarihsel \u00f6rneklerle kan\u0131tl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Barzani Irak\u2019ta ka\u00e7 kez kaderiyle ba\u015f ba\u015fa b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir \u00f6nceki kaderine terkedili\u015f, I. K\u00f6rfez Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n hemen ertesinde Irak\u2019\u0131n Kuveyt\u2019ten geri \u00e7ekili\u015fi d\u00f6nemidir ki, Halep\u00e7e Katliam\u0131\u2019yla belleklere kaz\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Son terkedili\u015f, IKBY\u2019nin d\u00fczenledi\u011fi Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Referandumu d\u00f6nemidir. D\u00f6rt devlette \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc ve faal durumdaki K\u00fcrt ulusal hareketi bak\u0131m\u0131ndansa bir k\u00f6kl\u00fc darbe\u00a0\u00d6calan\u2019\u0131n Amerikal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irilerek T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye teslim edilmesiyse, bir di\u011feri ittifaka ra\u011fmen \u201cF\u0131rat\u2019\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131 bizi ilgilendirmez<\/em>\u201d denilerek Afrin\u2019in kaderine terkedilmesidir. En son, yaln\u0131zca \u201ckaderine terk edilme<\/em>\u201d ile a\u00e7\u0131klanamayacak kendini dayatma ve \u201cdizayn etme<\/em>\u201d tutumu, \u00fc\u00e7 PKK y\u00f6neticisinin ba\u015f\u0131na konan milyon dolarl\u0131k \u00f6d\u00fcllerde yans\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Her \u015feye ra\u011fmen, Suriye odakl\u0131 olarak \u201cdar<\/em>\u201d Ortado\u011fu\u2019da halen iki sava\u015f s\u00fcrmektedir: Birincisi, ABD ve Rusya\u2019n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldikleri emperyalist karakterli sava\u015ft\u0131r; ikincisiyle K\u00fcrt ulusal sava\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla b\u00f6lgenin tek ba\u015f\u0131na ele al\u0131nacak K\u00fcrt Sava\u015f\u0131 ile anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131p \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenemeyece\u011fi, b\u00f6lgedeki kap\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ve sava\u015fan g\u00fc\u00e7lerin mevzilenmesinin bu sava\u015f ekseninde a\u00e7\u0131klanamayaca\u011f\u0131 bilinmelidir.<\/p>\n

    Emperyalizm ve yeni bir emperyalist payla\u015f\u0131m sava\u015f\u0131na do\u011fru geli\u015fmekte olan emperyalistlerin aralar\u0131ndaki payla\u015f\u0131m kavgas\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na, t\u0131pk\u0131 Lenin\u2019in g\u00fcnlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi, as\u0131l olarak d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde proletarya devrimleriyle \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan ba\u015fka \u00e7are ve yol yoktur: Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele ve patlak verdi\u011finde sava\u015f\u0131n i\u00e7 sava\u015fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi. Emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fcnya proletaryas\u0131 ve ezilen halklar\u0131n birle\u015fik m\u00fccadelesinin y\u00fckseltilmesi, d\u00fcnya proletarya devrimi s\u00fcrecinin bu iki bile\u015feninin emperyalizm ve i\u015fbirlik\u00e7ilerine kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelenin dayana\u011f\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131 -y\u00fcr\u00fcnecek yol buras\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    [1]<\/a>Lenin, Emperyalizm-Kapitalizmin En Y\u00fcksek A\u015famas\u0131, Sol Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.pdf, sf. 107-108<\/p>\n

    [2]<\/a>Age, sf. 79<\/p>\n

    [3]<\/a> Age, sf. 107<\/p>\n

    [4]<\/a>Age, sf. 110-111<\/p>\n

    [5]<\/a> Engels, Anti D\u00fchring, Sol Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.pdf, sf. 440-441<\/p>\n

    [6]<\/a> Engels, Anti Duhring, Sol Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.pdf, sf. 433<\/p>\n

    [7]<\/a> ABD, \u00e7elik ve al\u00fcminyumun y\u00fcksek vergilendirilmesinin ard\u0131ndan \u00f6nce Temmuz ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019den ithal etti\u011fi toplam 34 milyar dolarl\u0131k 800\u2019den fazla \u00fcr\u00fcne %25 ek g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergisi koydu. 16 milyarl\u0131k 300 \u00fcr\u00fcnl\u00fck ikinci bir vergilendirme listesininse Temmuz sonunda a\u00e7\u0131klanaca\u011f\u0131 duyuruldu. Misilleme gecikmedi ve \u00c7in 34 milyar dolarl\u0131k ABD \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcne koydu\u011fu g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergisini y\u00fckselterek yan\u0131t verdi ve 16 milyarl\u0131k \u00fcr\u00fcn i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 y\u00fckseltmeyi yapaca\u011f\u0131 uyar\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu. Bu kez Amerikan yan\u0131t\u0131 el y\u00fckseltmek oldu: ABD, toplam 200 milyar dolarl\u0131k 5000\u2019den fazla \u00c7in \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcne %10\u2019luk ek vergi koymu\u015f, \u00c7in\u2019in yeni bir misillemesi durumunda ek vergi koydu\u011fu \u00c7in \u00fcr\u00fcnleri toplam\u0131n\u0131 550 milyara kadar y\u00fckseltece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

    [8]<\/a>Lenin, Uluslar\u0131n Kendi Kaderlerini Tayin Hakk\u0131, Sol Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 8. Bask\u0131.pdf, sf. 149-150<\/p>\n

    [9]<\/a>Lenin, Do\u011fuda Ulusal Kurtulu\u015f Hareketleri, Ant Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.pdf, sf. 166<\/p>\n

    [10]<\/a>Age, sf. 169<\/p>\n

    [11]<\/a> Age, sf. 226-227<\/p>\n

    [12]<\/a>Age, sf. 229-230<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Kadir Yal\u00e7\u0131n 11 Kas\u0131m, emperyalist bir payla\u015f\u0131m sava\u015f\u0131 olan I. B\u00fcy\u00fck Sava\u015f\u2019\u0131n sonunu ilan eden ate\u015fkes anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n 100. y\u0131l\u0131. Onlarca ulustan milyonlarca i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7inin can\u0131na mal olarak d\u00fcnyay\u0131 kana bo\u011fan bu sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatanlarla onlara kat\u0131lan yenilerinin emperyalist \u015fefleri Paris\u2019te toplanarak s\u00f6zde bar\u0131\u015fa olan d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnl\u00fcklerini kan\u0131tlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Ma\u011flup ve galipleriyle sava\u015f\u0131n taraflar\u0131 sanki sava\u015f\u0131 kendileri \u00e7\u0131karmam\u0131\u015f gibiydiler. Sanki g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":725,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[494,370,328],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-774","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-25-sayi-aralik-2018","category-kuram","category-kadir-yalcin"],"yoast_head":"\nEmperyalist ve ulusal g\u00fc\u00e7ler ve sava\u015flar<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2018\/12\/03\/emperyalist-ve-ulusal-gucler-ve-savaslar\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"en_EN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Emperyalist ve ulusal g\u00fc\u00e7ler ve sava\u015flar\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kadir Yal\u00e7\u0131n 11 Kas\u0131m, emperyalist bir payla\u015f\u0131m sava\u015f\u0131 olan I. B\u00fcy\u00fck Sava\u015f\u2019\u0131n sonunu ilan eden ate\u015fkes anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n 100. y\u0131l\u0131. Onlarca ulustan milyonlarca i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7inin can\u0131na mal olarak d\u00fcnyay\u0131 kana bo\u011fan bu sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatanlarla onlara kat\u0131lan yenilerinin emperyalist \u015fefleri Paris\u2019te toplanarak s\u00f6zde bar\u0131\u015fa olan d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnl\u00fcklerini kan\u0131tlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Ma\u011flup ve galipleriyle sava\u015f\u0131n taraflar\u0131 sanki sava\u015f\u0131 kendileri \u00e7\u0131karmam\u0131\u015f gibiydiler. 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