{"id":3865,"date":"2025-10-17T10:45:44","date_gmt":"2025-10-17T07:45:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/?p=3865"},"modified":"2025-10-17T10:45:44","modified_gmt":"2025-10-17T07:45:44","slug":"turk-hukukunda-grev-ve-grev-yasaklari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2025\/10\/17\/turk-hukukunda-grev-ve-grev-yasaklari\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrk Hukukunda Grev ve Grev Yasaklar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Murat \u00d6zveri[1]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/h1>\n
1. Grev Hakk\u0131<\/h5>\n

En geni\u015f anlamda grev, birden fazla i\u015f\u00e7inin kendi aralar\u0131nda anla\u015farak veya bir sendika \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda sendikan\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 karara uyarak \u00fcretimi durdurmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bir eylemin s\u0131radan bir i\u015f b\u0131rakmadan farkl\u0131 olarak grev say\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in sadece i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmama haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmalar\u0131 yetmez. Ayr\u0131ca i\u015fyerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 da durdurmaya d\u00f6n\u00fck olmas\u0131, i\u015fyerinde \u00fcretimi durdurmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamas\u0131 gerekir. Grev \u00fcretimi durdurma amac\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fck oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi zor unsuruna dayanmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fyerini \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak isteyen i\u015fverenin bu isteminin engellenmesi i\u00e7in i\u015fvereni \u00fcretimi durduracak d\u00fczeyde bask\u0131 alt\u0131na alacak bir etki yarat\u0131lmas\u0131 hedeflenmek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Grev yine do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi iki yarar\u0131n veya iki temel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma halidir. Bir tarafta \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve ticaret \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, s\u00f6zle\u015fme serbestisi temelinde sonuna kadar kullanmak isteyen i\u015fveren di\u011fer tarafta ise topluca hareket, i\u015fverenin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve ticaret \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da s\u00f6zle\u015fme serbestisini s\u0131n\u0131rlayan toplu eylem hakk\u0131 yer almaktad\u0131r. Grev i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201czor<\/em>\u201d unsuru hukuken tan\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece i\u015fverenin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne, te\u015febb\u00fcs kurma hakk\u0131na, ticaret \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f haks\u0131z bir m\u00fcdahale olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir. Ne zaman ki grevin i\u00e7erisinde bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 zor unsuru hukuken tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, grev yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ku\u015fkusuz grev hakk\u0131 \u00fczerinden i\u015fverene uygulanan zorun hukuken me\u015fru kabul edilmesi i\u015f\u00e7iler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir a\u015famad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hukuk, grevi me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken greve hukuki bir tan\u0131m getirmi\u015ftir. Her hukuki tan\u0131mda oldu\u011fu gibi tan\u0131mlay\u0131p me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken ayn\u0131 zamanda grev hakk\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Grev hakk\u0131n\u0131n hukuken yap\u0131lan tan\u0131m\u0131 ve ko\u015fullar\u0131, grevin hukukun \u00e7izdi\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7erisinde etkili bir hak olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131p kullanmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirleme \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahiptir.<\/p>\n

Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle, grev hakk\u0131 olmadan sendikalar\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ilerin haklar\u0131n\u0131 etkili bir \u015fekilde koruyacak toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri yapmalar\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin haklar\u0131n\u0131 ve toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi korumalar\u0131 olanakl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Basit\u00e7e s\u00f6yleyecek olursak; sendikalar \u00fcyelerinin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 koruyup geli\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla kurulmu\u015f \u00f6rg\u00fctlerdir. Sendikalar\u0131n bu ama\u00e7lar\u0131na uygun hareket etmelerini sa\u011flayacak etkin m\u00fccadele ara\u00e7lar\u0131yla donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131 zorunludur. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc i\u015fveren kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda sendikalar\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla i\u015f\u00e7ileri etkili bir g\u00fc\u00e7 haline getirecek ara\u00e7lar olmadan sendikalar\u0131n var olu\u015f ama\u00e7lar\u0131na uygun davranmalar\u0131 olanakl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Bu nedenle hukuk sistemimizde grev hakk\u0131 kolektif haklar i\u00e7erisinde yer alan \u00fc\u00e7 temel haktan birisidir. Toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi hakk\u0131 ve grev hakk\u0131 bulunmayan bir sendika hakk\u0131ndan s\u00f6z etmek anlaml\u0131 de\u011fildir. Bu nedenle sendikal haklar ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde yer alan, sendika hakk\u0131, toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi hakk\u0131 ve grev hakk\u0131 varl\u0131klar\u0131 bir di\u011ferinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ko\u015fulland\u0131ran, birisi olmay\u0131nca di\u011ferlerinin de olamayaca\u011f\u0131 bir b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u00e7erisinde yer al\u0131rlar. Bu b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck kolektif haklar\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmezli\u011fi ilkesi ile ifade edilmektedir. Sendika hakk\u0131n\u0131n grev hakk\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n anlaml\u0131 olmamas\u0131 kolektif haklar\u0131n niteli\u011finden do\u011fan bir zorunluluktur.<\/p>\n

Grev hakk\u0131 sadece kolektif haklar i\u00e7erisinde yer alan bir hak de\u011fildir. Grev hakk\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda sendika hakk\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fme hakk\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlayan, bu haklar\u0131n var olup olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen olmazsa olmaz bir unsurdur. Sendika ve toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fme haklar\u0131 grev hakk\u0131ndan soyutlayarak tan\u0131mlanamaz. Grev hakk\u0131 bulunmayan bir \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn ad\u0131 sendika olsa da hukuki ve sosyolojik olarak bu \u00f6rg\u00fcte sendika demek olanakl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Grev ve toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fme hakk\u0131 bulunmayan sendika ile herhangi bir derne\u011fi ay\u0131rt etmek olanakl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Sendikay\u0131 dernekten ay\u0131rt eden \u00f6zellik grev hakk\u0131yla donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fme hakk\u0131d\u0131r. Grev hakk\u0131n\u0131n var olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da yasakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ko\u015fullarda imzalanan bir toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye de toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fme demek olanakl\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ile i\u015fveren aras\u0131nda imzalanan bireysel i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini ay\u0131ran bireysel i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden farkl\u0131 olarak birden fazla i\u015f\u00e7inin hak ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemi\u015f olmas\u0131 de\u011fildir. Grev hakk\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvencesi alt\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7lerin e\u015fitlendi\u011fi ko\u015fullarda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle sendika hakk\u0131 grev ve toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fme haklar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir kavramd\u0131r. Sendika, toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fme ve grev haklar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u00e7erisinde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder.[2]<\/a> Sendika, toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fme ve grev hakk\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u00e7erisinde yer alm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n hukuki sonucu ise bu haklar\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnemeyece\u011fi, birisine y\u00f6neltilen s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n di\u011ferlerini de s\u0131n\u0131rlayaca\u011f\u0131, birisine getirilen g\u00fcvencenin ise di\u011ferlerini de kapsayaca\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sendikal haklar\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmezli\u011fi ilkesi \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Avrupa Mahkemesi (\u0130HAM) kararlar\u0131nda alt\u0131 \u0131srarla \u00e7izilen bir ilkedir. \u0130HAM\u2019a g\u00f6re \u201ctoplu s\u00f6zle\u015fme, sendika hakk\u0131n\u0131n temel \u00f6\u011fesidir, o yoksa \u00f6z\u00fcnden yoksundur<\/em>\u201d.[3]<\/a> \u0130HAM\u2019\u0131n bu b\u00fct\u00fcnsellik i\u00e7erisinde yer alan sendikal haklar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek anlamda varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edebilmenin ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 \u201csendika kurma ve sendikalara \u00fcye olma, sendika tekli\u011fi anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131, sendikan\u0131n, i\u015fvereni, \u00fcyeleri ad\u0131na dile getirece\u011fi istekleri dinlemeye ikna etmeye \u00e7aba g\u00f6sterme hakk\u0131 (k\u0131saca, sesini i\u015fverene duyurma hakk\u0131)<\/em>\u201d olarak s\u0131ralad\u0131\u011f\u0131, vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[4]<\/a> Ayn\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn (ILO) organlar\u0131ndan biri olan Sendika \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Komitesi (S\u00d6K) kararlar\u0131nda da g\u00f6rmek olanakl\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00d6K\u2019e g\u00f6re; grev hakk\u0131, \u201csendika hakk\u0131n\u0131n temel \u00f6\u011felerinden biridir.<\/em>\u201d[5]<\/a> Yine S\u00d6K\u2019e g\u00f6re, \u201cGrev hakk\u0131 87 say\u0131l\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fme ile g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f sendika \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d[6]<\/a><\/p>\n

Di\u011fer yandan grev hakk\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanarak i\u015fvereni anla\u015fmaya zorlama arac\u0131d\u0131r. Kendisini s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131ran kapitalist bir sistemde i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00fcretimi durdurarak i\u015fvereni anla\u015fmaya zorlamalar\u0131n\u0131n bir hak olarak kabul edilmesi elbette kolay olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nitekim grev \u00f6nce i\u015f\u00e7ilerin topluca i\u015fledikleri bir su\u00e7 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve a\u011f\u0131r cezalar\u0131n uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 kovu\u015fturmalar\u0131n konusu yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fczel, 1926\u2019da y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 765 say\u0131l\u0131 ceza yasas\u0131yla, 1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda kabul edilen 3008 say\u0131l\u0131 i\u015f yasas\u0131yla, 1947\u2019de y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 5018 say\u0131l\u0131 sendikalar yasas\u0131yla ve grev hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanan i\u015f\u00e7iler i\u00e7in cezalar \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesini, i\u015f yasas\u0131n\u0131n ceza yasas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi olarak nitelendirmi\u015ftir. G\u00fczel\u2019e g\u00f6re, grev hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanan i\u015f\u00e7iler i\u00e7in \u201cgetirilen yapt\u0131r\u0131mlarla greve gitmekle banka soygunu neredeyse ayn\u0131 d\u00fczeyde cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/a> Ger\u00e7ekten de grev hakk\u0131n\u0131n hukuki ser\u00fcveni a\u00e7\u0131k ya da dolayl\u0131 yasaklamalarla ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve halen de s\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n

Grev hakk\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de devletin en fazla m\u00fcdahale ederek kontrol alt\u0131nda tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir alan olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. 2012\u2019de kabul edilen ve h\u00e2l\u00e2 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olan 6356 say\u0131l\u0131 Sendikalar ve Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi Kanunu\u2019nun genel gerek\u00e7esinde de bu m\u00fcdahale net ifadelerle vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gerek\u00e7ede, \u201c\u00f6teden beri T\u00fcrk i\u015f hukukunda devletin fazla m\u00fcdahale etti\u011fi ve denetim alt\u0131nda tuttu\u011fu grev ve lokavt alan\u0131 yeniden d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir<\/em>\u201d[8]<\/a> s\u00f6zleri ile grev hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahale edildi\u011fi, m\u00fcdahalenin amac\u0131n\u0131n denetim alt\u0131nda tutmak oldu\u011fu kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Ancak tasar\u0131n\u0131n genel gerek\u00e7esinde yap\u0131lan bu kabule, ILO denetim organlar\u0131n\u0131n kararlar\u0131na, \u0130HAM kararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n grev hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmalar eski 2882 say\u0131l\u0131 Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, Grev ve Lokavt Kanunu\u2019nun \u00f6z\u00fcne dokunmaks\u0131z\u0131n 6356 say\u0131l\u0131 yasada da s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/a>2. Grev Yasaklar\u0131<\/h5>\n

Grev yasaklar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 do\u011frudan grevi, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ise sendikal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme dahil t\u00fcm \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kolektif haklar\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmezli\u011fi ilkesi \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, asl\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin yasaklama, grev hakk\u0131n\u0131, grev hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin yasaklama da sendika hakk\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2.1. Memaliki Mahsusa Demiryollar\u0131n\u0131n Usul\u00fc Zab\u0131tas\u0131na Dair Nizamname<\/h6>\n

30 May\u0131s 1283, miladi 1867 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren nizamnamenin, birinci ve ikinci maddeleri 2004[9]<\/a> y\u0131l\u0131na, i\u015f\u00e7ilere i\u015fi b\u0131rakma yasa\u011f\u0131 getiren 5. madde dahil nizamnamenin tamam\u0131 2008 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte kalm\u0131\u015f, nizamname t\u00fcm h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ile 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[10]<\/a><\/p>\n

1867 y\u0131l\u0131ndan 2008 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar 141 y\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte kalan Nizamnamenin grevi yasaklayan h\u00fck\u00fcmleri 15.07.1963 tarihinde kabul edilip, 24.07.1963 tarihli Resmi Gazetede yay\u0131nland\u0131ktan otuz g\u00fcn sonra 24.08.1963 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 275 say\u0131l\u0131 Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, Grev ve Lokavt Kanunu uygulanana kadar demiryollar\u0131nda grevi yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda nizamname demiryolu yapman\u0131n, i\u015fletmenin ve koruman\u0131n \u00f6nemi nedeniyle, demiryolu yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, i\u015fletmesini korumaya d\u00f6n\u00fck \u00f6nlemler i\u00e7ermekte, bir anlamda demiryolu i\u015fletmecili\u011finin esaslar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemektedir. Ancak, Nizamname bu esaslar\u0131 belirlerken birinci ve be\u015finci maddelerinde i\u015f\u00e7ilerin bireysel veya toplu eylemlerini cezaland\u0131rmaya d\u00f6n\u00fck h\u00fck\u00fcmler getirmi\u015ftir. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ko\u015fullar\u0131nda demiryolu yap\u0131m\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin a\u011f\u0131r \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015fyerini terk edip i\u015ften ayr\u0131larak veya topluca tepki g\u00f6stererek a\u011f\u0131r \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan kendilerini koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 eylemleri ceza h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ile engellenmek istenmi\u015ftir.[11]<\/a> Nitekim 1. Maddesi \u201cHer kim ki<\/em>\u201d \u00f6znesi ile ba\u015flayan Nizamname, \u201cdemiryolunu tahrip etmek ve bozmak veya arabalar\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcmesine<\/em>\u201d engel olmak fiillerine ceza getirmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 maddede telgraf haberle\u015fmesinin kesintiye u\u011frat\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7abalar\u0131 da yapt\u0131r\u0131m kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[12]<\/a><\/p>\n

Nizamnamenin be\u015finci maddesi tren seferlerinde haz\u0131r bulunmayan veya terk eden makineci veya k\u0131lavuzlar\u0131n i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, ayr\u0131ca alt\u0131 aydan iki seneye kadar hapisle cezaland\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc getiriyordu.[13]<\/a> \u0130\u015fi b\u0131rakmay\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yasaklayan bu h\u00fck\u00fcm Ko\u00e7 Taraf\u0131ndan hakl\u0131 olarak grev yasa\u011f\u0131 olarak nitelendirilmi\u015ftir.[14]<\/a><\/p>\n

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2.2. Maadin Nizamnamesi (1869)<\/h6>\n

Grevi yasaklayan hukuki d\u00fczenlemelerden bir di\u011feri 1869 tarihli Maadin Nizamnamesidir. Nizamname, zorunlu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, i\u015f\u00e7ilere uygun bir \u00fccret \u00f6denmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, madendeki tehlikelerin m\u00fchendislerce belirlenerek maden sahiplerine bildirilmesi y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc\u011f\u00fc getirmi\u015f, madenlerde meydana gelen i\u015f kazalar\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7ilere ve ailelerine tazminat \u00f6denmesi y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kabul etmi\u015ftir.[15]<\/a> \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin haklar\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00f6nemli h\u00fck\u00fcmler getiren nizamname i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenerek bu haklar\u0131 grev yoluyla almalar\u0131na veya korumalar\u0131na ise grevi yasaklayarak engel olmu\u015ftur. Nizamnamenin 63. Maddesi i\u015f\u00e7ilerin maden \u00fcretimini terk edip i\u015fi b\u0131rakmalar\u0131n\u0131 veya i\u015fverenlerin maden \u00fcretmelerini ihlal etmelerini yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nizamnamenin 63. Maddesine g\u00f6re, \u201cMaadin imalat\u0131 terk ve tatil olunur veyahut e\u015fyay\u0131 madeniyeyi imal ile mel\u00fcf olan s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n ihtiyacat-\u0131 sanayileri ihlal k\u0131l\u0131n\u0131r ise vali-i vilayetin ve m\u00fchendisinin bu yolda olan m\u00fctalaalar\u0131 derakap canib-i idareye ifade ve i\u015f\u2019ar olunacakt\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d[16]<\/a><\/p>\n

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2.3. Tatil-i E\u015fgal Kanunu<\/h6>\n

1909 tarihli Tatil-i E\u015fgal Kanunu g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte grev hakk\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemek i\u00e7in kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Ancak bu \u00f6yle bir d\u00fczenleme olmu\u015ftur ki, kanun 8. maddesinde getirmi\u015f oldu\u011fu ayr\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmlerle o g\u00fcn\u00fcn ko\u015fullar\u0131nda neredeyse var olan t\u00fcm i\u015fletmeleri sayarak grev yasa\u011f\u0131 getirmi\u015ftir.[17]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

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2.4. 765 Say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Kanunu (1926)<\/h6>\n

765 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunun \u201c\u0130\u015f ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma h\u00fcrriyeti aleyhindeki c\u00fcr\u00fcmler<\/em>\u201d ile ilgili 201. maddesi 1933 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe kadar korkutma, tehdit veya cebir ve \u015fiddet veya ba\u015fka suretlerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne engel olmas\u0131na cezai yapt\u0131r\u0131m getirmi\u015fti. 765 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu 1933 y\u0131l\u0131nda 2275 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019la de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. De\u011fi\u015fiklikle \u201c\u0130\u015f ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma h\u00fcrriyeti aleyhindeki c\u00fcr\u00fcmler<\/em>\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 201. maddeye yeni bir f\u0131kra eklenerek, grev T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile hapis cezas\u0131yla yapt\u0131r\u0131ma ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f bir su\u00e7 olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.[18]<\/a> Grevi su\u00e7 olarak tan\u0131mlayan 765 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun 201\/2 maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n

\u201cHer kim cebr\u00fc \u015fiddet veya tehdit ile gerek ameleyi ve gerek ticaret ve sanat sahiplerini veya m\u00fcteahhitleri yevmiyeleri azalt\u0131p \u00e7o\u011faltma\u011fa veyahut evvelce kabul edilen \u015fartlardan ba\u015fka \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda mukaveleler kabul\u00fcne icbar etmek maksadile bir i\u015fin tatiline veya nihayet bulmas\u0131na sebebiyet verir veya tatilin devam\u0131na \u00e2mil olursa alt\u0131 aydan be\u015f seneye kadar hapis ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131n\u0131, herkesin diledi\u011fi i\u015f ve sanat\u0131 yapmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alan 765 say\u0131l\u0131 yasan\u0131n 201\/1 maddesinden farkl\u0131 olarak 2275 say\u0131l\u0131 yasayla ceza yasas\u0131na eklenen ikinci f\u0131kra do\u011frudan grev hakk\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fckt\u00fcr.[19]<\/a> Madde i\u015f\u00e7ileri, i\u015fvereni veya m\u00fcteahhitleri cebir ve \u015fiddet kullanarak \u00fccretlerin artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00f6nceden kabul edilen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in i\u015fin durdurulmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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2.5. 3008 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu<\/h6>\n

Grev konusunda 1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda kabul edilen 3008 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu ilk kez \u201cgrev<\/em>\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kullanarak net bir yasak getirmi\u015ftir. 3008 say\u0131l\u0131 yasan\u0131n 72. maddesine g\u00f6re \u201cGrev ve Lokavt, yasakt\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

3008 say\u0131l\u0131 yasa hangi i\u015f\u00e7i eylemlerinin grev oldu\u011funu, hangi i\u015f\u00e7i eylemlerinin grev niteli\u011finde kabul edilece\u011fini 73. Maddesinde g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Yasa 127-130 maddelerinde ise 73. Maddede tarif edilen grev veya grev niteli\u011finde eylemlere kat\u0131lan, bu eylemleri te\u015fvik ve \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck eden, bu eylemleri kamu i\u015fyerlerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren i\u015f\u00e7ilere verilecek idari para cezas\u0131, hafif hapis cezalar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca bu i\u015f\u00e7iler grev s\u0131ras\u0131nda verdikleri zarar\u0131 tazminle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc tutulmu\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130\u015fverenin yapmakla \u00f6devli olduklar\u0131 i\u015fleri yapma konusundaki ihtar\u0131na uymayan i\u015f\u00e7ilere i\u015fverenin hakl\u0131 fesih hakk\u0131 sakl\u0131 kalmak kayd\u0131yla idari para cezas\u0131 uygulanmas\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

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2.6. 5018 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve \u0130\u015fveren Sendikalar\u0131 ve Sendika Birlikleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun<\/h6>\n

5018 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve \u0130\u015fveren Sendikalar\u0131 ve Sendika Birlikleri hakk\u0131nda kanun 20 \u015eubat 1947 tarihinde kabul edilmi\u015f, 26 \u015eubat 1947 tarihinde 6542 say\u0131l\u0131 Resmi Gazetede yay\u0131nlanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir. Sendika hakk\u0131n\u0131 yasal olarak d\u00fczenleyen ilk yasa olan 5018 say\u0131l\u0131 yasa grev kavram\u0131na sadece yasaklar b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yer vermi\u015ftir. 5018 say\u0131l\u0131 yasan\u0131n 7. maddesinde 3008 say\u0131l\u0131 yasan\u0131n grevi yasaklayan 72. maddesine at\u0131f yap\u0131larak grevin su\u00e7 oldu\u011fu, bu su\u00e7u i\u015fleyen veya te\u015fvik eden, te\u015febb\u00fcste bulunan sendikalar\u0131n mahkeme karar\u0131 ile ge\u00e7ici veya s\u00fcrekli olarak kapat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fc getirilmi\u015ftir.[20]<\/a> Yasan\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde grevin yasaklanmas\u0131 ola\u011fan olarak kabul edilmi\u015f, bu yasa\u011fa ayk\u0131r\u0131 davranma halinde sendikalar\u0131n mahkeme karar\u0131 ile kapat\u0131labilece\u011fine a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k getirildi\u011fi vurgulanarak, mahkeme karar\u0131 ile kapatman\u0131n kendisi ileri bir ad\u0131m olarak sunulmu\u015ftur. Yasan\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde bu yakla\u015f\u0131m \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\u201cTasar\u0131da [5018 say\u0131l\u0131 yasa tasar\u0131s\u0131nda] baz\u0131 yasaklar konmakta, bu yasaklarla ve grev ve lokavt yasa\u011f\u0131na riayetsizlik halinde sendikalar\u0131n mahkeme karariyle kapat\u0131labilece\u011fi tasrih edilmektedir. Bu suretle kapama karar\u0131 idari mercilere de\u011fil, kaza mercilerine verilmi\u015ftir ki, Dernekler Kanunumuza h\u00e2kim olan zihniyet de budur.<\/em>\u201d[21]<\/a><\/p>\n

5018 say\u0131l\u0131 yasa grev yasa\u011f\u0131 konusunda her ne kadar 3008 say\u0131l\u0131 yasadaki grev yasaklar\u0131na at\u0131f yapm\u0131\u015fsa da bu atf\u0131 yaparken getirmi\u015f oldu\u011fu \u201cte\u015fvikte bulunmalar\u0131 veya bu fiillere te\u015febb\u00fcs edilmesi<\/em>\u201d ifadesiyle grev yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmi\u015ftir. 5018 say\u0131l\u0131 yasayla art\u0131k \u201cgreve te\u015febb\u00fcs veya te\u015fvik<\/em>\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda yeni iki su\u00e7 olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur.[22]<\/a> G\u00fczel, greve te\u015fvik deyimi \u00fczerinden olu\u015fturulan bu yeni su\u00e7u 5018 say\u0131l\u0131 yasaya d\u00f6nemin Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Recep Peker\u2019in ekledi\u011fi, bu geli\u015fmeyi yine d\u00f6nemin \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Bakan\u0131 Sadi Irmak\u2019\u0131n an\u0131lar\u0131nda \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n

\u201cTarihi bir hat\u0131ra olarak \u015funu anlatmal\u0131y\u0131m: Tasar\u0131y\u0131 ben bir sosyal hak tasar\u0131s\u0131 olarak Bakanlar Kurulu\u2019na verdim. Fakat rahmetli Recep Peker’in [Peker 1950\u2019de vefat etmi\u015ftir] ba\u015fkan\u0131 bulundu\u011fu kabinede bu kanuna benim [Sadi Irmak] itiraz\u0131ma greve te\u015fvik diye yeni bir su\u00e7 \u015fekli eklenmi\u015ftir. Ben b\u00f6yle bir su\u00e7 ihdas\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndayd\u0131m. Esasen grev yasakt\u0131. Bu yasa\u011fa bir de greve te\u015fvik su\u00e7u eklenmesi yersizdi. Ben o zaman iki alternatif aras\u0131nda kald\u0131m. Birincisi bunu bir prensip meselesi yaparak bakanl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekilmek, ikincisi ne olursa olsun T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ilk kanun\u00ee sendikalar\u0131n kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in bu p\u00fcr\u00fcze katlanmak ve ilk f\u0131rsatta bu p\u00fcr\u00fcz\u00fc ay\u0131klamak. Ben ikinci \u015f\u0131kk\u0131 tercih ettim.<\/em>\u201d[23]<\/a><\/p>\n

5018 say\u0131l\u0131 yasan\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde grev yasa\u011f\u0131 ola\u011fan olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcp sendikalar\u0131n mahkeme karar\u0131 ile kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 olumlu bir ad\u0131m olarak vurgulansa da yasa\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen ve yeni yasaklar olu\u015fturan 7. madde yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcrecinin detaylar\u0131n\u0131 da d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00fczenlemeye g\u00f6re, hen\u00fcz yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcrerken sorgu yarg\u0131c\u0131 veya mahkeme yarg\u0131laman\u0131n her a\u015famas\u0131nda sendikal faaliyetleri yasaklayabilecektir. Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131lar\u0131 da yarg\u0131lama devam ederken mahkemeden sendikal faaliyetlerin durdurulmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilecektir. Mahkeme, yarg\u0131lama devam ederken sendikal faaliyetlerden yasaklama karar\u0131 verdi\u011finde sendikalara kayyum tayin edilecektir. 5018 say\u0131l\u0131 yasa 7. maddesindeki bu d\u00fczenleme ile haklar\u0131nda karar kesinle\u015fmeden sendikalar\u0131n faaliyette bulunmalar\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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3. Grevin Yasal G\u00fcvence Alt\u0131na Al\u0131nmas\u0131 Tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/h5>\n

Sendikal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Cumhuriyet sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde 1946 y\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. 5 Haziran 1946 tarihinde kabul edilen 3512 Say\u0131l\u0131 Cemiyetler Kanunu, 4919 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u201cCemiyetler Kanununun baz\u0131 maddelerinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine dair kanun<\/em>\u201d ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.[24]<\/a> Sendikalar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fiklik s\u0131n\u0131f esas\u0131na ve ad\u0131na dayal\u0131 dernek kurma yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Yasa\u011f\u0131n kalkmas\u0131yla birlikte \u00fclkenin bir\u00e7ok ilinde sendikalar kurulmu\u015ftur. Emek yaz\u0131n\u0131nda 1946 sendikac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan[25]<\/a> ve yakla\u015f\u0131k alt\u0131 ay s\u00fcrmesine kar\u015f\u0131n \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcr sendikac\u0131l\u0131k<\/em>\u201d [26]<\/a> olarak nitelendirilen bu d\u00f6nemde i\u015f\u00e7ilerin h\u0131zla sendikala\u015fmas\u0131 iktidar\u0131 kayg\u0131land\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Devrin \u0130\u00e7 \u0130\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc S\u00f6kmens\u00fcer h\u0131zla sendikalar kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u201cK\u0131sa bir zamanda memleketimizin muhtelif \u015fehirlerinde yerden biter gibi sendikalar \u00fcremi\u015f ve t\u00fcremi\u015ftir<\/em>\u201d s\u00f6zleriyle dile getirmi\u015f, kurulan bu sendikalar\u0131 kom\u00fcnistlerin \u201cdemokratik h\u00fcrriyetlerden faydalanma takti\u011fine uygun<\/em>\u201d olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctlenen yap\u0131lar olarak su\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[27]<\/a> \u0130ktidar 1946 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan sendikalar\u0131 ilan etti\u011fi s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netimin 16.12.1946 tarihli karar\u0131 ile kapatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[28]<\/a> 1947 y\u0131l\u0131nda grev yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fleterek kabul eden 5018 say\u0131l\u0131 sendikalar yasas\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015f, ancak grevin yasal d\u00fczlemde kabul edilmesi tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 hem sendikalar yasas\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 mecliste hem yasa sonras\u0131 devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

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3.1. \u2018Grev hak de\u011fil ihkak\u0131 hakt\u0131r[29]<\/strong><\/a>, tehlikelidir\u2019<\/h6>\n

1947 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sendikalar yasa tasar\u0131s\u0131 mecliste tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131rken \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Bakan\u0131 Sadi Irmak\u2019t\u0131r. Grev hakk\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Bakan\u0131 Irmak grev ve lokavt\u0131 \u201cbir bak\u0131ma bir s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n kendi vas\u0131tasiyle ihkak\u0131 hak etmesi demektir<\/em>\u201d s\u00f6zleriyle tan\u0131mlay\u0131p grev hakk\u0131n\u0131 liberal ekonomilere \u00f6zg\u00fclemektedir. Irmak\u2019a g\u00f6re:<\/p>\n

\u201cArkada\u015flar; gerek Grev gerek Lokavt bir bak\u0131ma bir s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n kendi vas\u0131tasiyle ihkak\u0131 hak etmesi demektir. Yani amele s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, say\u0131s\u0131na, patron ise sermayesinin azemetine g\u00fcvenerek fikirlerini ve emellerini mukabil tarafa empoze etmeleri m\u00e2nas\u0131na gelir. Bu, \u015f\u00fcphesiz liberal ekonomi rejimlerinde belki yerinde bir tedbirdir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc liberal rejimlerde mal\u00fbmunuz oldu\u011fu ve\u00e7hile Devlet ekonomik ve sosyal faaliyetlere aktif olarak m\u00fcdahale etmez. S\u0131n\u0131flara kendi aralar\u0131nda d\u00e2valar\u0131n\u0131 halletmek imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 verir. Memleketimizde de liberal bir rejim takip etseydik bu rejimin tabi\u00ee haklar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mam\u0131z icabederdi. Fakat biz Devlet\u00e7i bir rejime sahibiz. Gerek C. H. Partisinin ana prensibi, gerekse muhterem muhaliflerimizin programlar\u0131nda da devlet\u00e7ilik ana prensip olarak yer tu[t]mu\u015f bulunuyor, Anayasam\u0131z da Devlet\u00e7ili\u011fi tesbit etmi\u015f bulunuyor. B\u00f6ylece bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fle grevin memnuiyetini devam ettirmekte bir hak ve mant\u0131k vard\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Devlet, burada s\u0131n\u0131flar aras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan ihtil\u00e2flarda hakem olmay\u0131 kabul etmi\u015f bulunuyor.<\/em>\u201d[30]<\/a><\/p>\n

Grev hakk\u0131na \u015fiddetle kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kanlardan birisi de sendikalar yasa tasar\u0131s\u0131 konusunda g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015f komisyonun s\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc Hulusi Oral\u2019d\u0131r. Oral, \u201cgrev bir hak m\u0131d\u0131r ihhak\u0131 hak m\u0131d\u0131r<\/em>\u201d diye sorarak ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmas\u0131nda, kendi sordu\u011fu sorunun yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 grevi hukuken hak olarak kabul etmek olanakl\u0131 de\u011fildir s\u00f6zleriyle vermi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n

\u201cGrev bir hak m\u0131d\u0131r, yoksa ihkak\u0131 hak i\u00e7in bir cebir, bir tazyik m\u0131d\u0131r? Bunun hukuki cephesini al\u0131rsak bunu demokrasinin icab\u0131 olarak bir hak olarak kabul etmek imk\u00e2n\u0131 yoktur. Bu, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya \u00e2mme menfaat\u0131nda, iktisadi Devlet Te\u015fekk\u00fcllerine do\u011fru giden b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada, Devlet te\u015fekk\u00fcllerine kar\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu kadar fertlerin, kapitalist dedi\u011fimiz i\u015fverenlerin mevcut durumlar\u0131n\u0131 her vakit ar\u0131zaya, \u015fahsi oldu\u011fu kadar olanlar\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fc menfaatleriyle beraber umumun menfaatini baltal\u0131yacak kadar tehlikeler arzeder.<\/em>\u201d[31]<\/a><\/p>\n

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3.2. Grev Hakk\u0131n\u0131n Tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u0130stemek \u0130rticad\u0131r<\/h6>\n

Sendika hakk\u0131n\u0131n 5018 say\u0131l\u0131 yasayla; grev hakk\u0131, toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi hakk\u0131 olmadan da olsun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle d\u00fczenlenmesinden sonra sendikala\u015fma ivme kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sendikala\u015fman\u0131n artmas\u0131, bu art\u0131\u015ftan rahats\u0131z olan h\u00fck\u00fcmeti i\u015f\u00e7ilerin sendikalara y\u00f6nelmesini s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bireysel i\u015f yasas\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7i lehine \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yapmaya itmi\u015ftir. Bu do\u011frultuda 3008 say\u0131l\u0131 i\u015f yasas\u0131 25 Ocak 1950 tarihinde kabul edilen 5518 say\u0131l\u0131 \u201c\u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun baz\u0131 maddelerinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi hakk\u0131nda Kanun<\/em>\u201d ile olduk\u00e7a kapsaml\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikler ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir. Bu de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Meclis\u2019te konu grevin yasak olmas\u0131na gelmi\u015ftir. Grev yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunan devrin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bakan\u0131 grev hakk\u0131n\u0131 irtica ile ili\u015fkilendirerek grev hakk\u0131n\u0131n istenmesini irticac\u0131l\u0131k olarak nitelendirmi\u015ftir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Bakan\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6re:<\/p>\n

\u201cE\u011fer irtica yaparsak, (…) Devletin vazifeleri hususunda \u015fu anda haiz oldu\u011fumuz tel\u00e2kkilerden vazge\u00e7ersek veya bundan k\u0131rk, elli hatta otuz sene evvelin modas\u0131 olan liberal nizama, d\u00f6necek olursak, o takdirde hakikaten greve de, lokavta da l\u00fczum olacakt\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d[32]<\/a><\/p>\n

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4. Kal\u0131c\u0131la\u015fan Grev Korkusu<\/h5>\n

T\u00fcrk sendikac\u0131l\u0131k hareketinin geli\u015fiminde yasal sistem her zaman belirleyici unsurlardan birisi olmu\u015ftur. Yasa koyucu uzun bir s\u00fcre grev hakk\u0131na sahip bir sendikal hareketten \u00fcrkm\u00fc\u015f, \u00f6zellikle sermaye birikiminin yetersiz oldu\u011fu ko\u015fullarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n bu hakka sahip olmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclkenin ekonomik geli\u015fimini olumsuz etkileyece\u011fi endi\u015fesini ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu endi\u015fe ilk sendikalar yasas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Meclis-i Mebusan\u2019dan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar dozu farkl\u0131la\u015fsa da hep var olagelmi\u015ftir.[33]<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de grev hakk\u0131ndan duyulan korku siyasi iktidar\u0131n kendi kontrol\u00fc d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc bir g\u00fcc\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan duydu\u011fu endi\u015feyle birle\u015ferek s\u00fcreklilik kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ge\u00e7 ba\u015flayan sanayile\u015fmeyle gerek\u00e7elendirilen kolektif hak kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131, giderek \u201csendikalar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile d\u00fczen bozulacak<\/em>\u201d korkusuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ayn\u0131 endi\u015feyi Ba\u015fbakan \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn 4 May\u0131s 1950 tarihli \u0130zmir\u2019deki se\u00e7im nutkunda da g\u00f6rmek olanakl\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\u201cGrev hakk\u0131, h\u00fcr i\u015f\u00e7ilerin hakl\u0131 bir talebi olarak bizim kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131yor. Bir defa, grev hakk\u0131n\u0131n esasl\u0131 bir l\u00fczum oldu\u011fu, eskisi gibi de\u011fil, \u015fimdi bir\u00e7ok memleketlerde bile m\u00fcnaka\u015fa mevzuudur. Ancak, ben, grev hakk\u0131n\u0131n bizim b\u00fcnyemize g\u00f6re l\u00fczumlu veya l\u00fczumsuz oldu\u011fu mevzuunu da m\u00fcnaka\u015fa etmeyi acele ve faydas\u0131z g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcm. Belki bir g\u00fcn biz de grev hakk\u0131n\u0131 kabul ederiz. Fakat, ondan evvel yapaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z i\u015fleri tamamlamak laz\u0131md\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d[34]<\/a><\/p>\n

Muhalefetteyken grev hakk\u0131n\u0131 savunan, iktidardaki CHP\u2019yi grev hakk\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ele\u015ftiren DP\u2019nin, iktidara gelmesinden 6 y\u0131l sonra, 1956 y\u0131l\u0131nda, DP\u2019li \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bakan\u0131 M\u00fcmtaz Tarhan\u2019\u0131n Meclis\u2019te yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu konu\u015fma da ayn\u0131 endi\u015feyi vurgulamaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\u201cGrevi neden yapmad\u0131k? A\u011f\u0131r bir topu \u00e7amurlu, kaygan bir satha yerle\u015ftirmeden evvel zemini kuvvetlendirmek laz\u0131md\u0131r\u2026 Grev hakk\u0131n\u0131 \u015fimdiye kadar niye realize etmedik? Grev yapmak i\u00e7in \u00f6nce geli\u015fmi\u015f bir sanayiye sahip olmak gerekir, sanayimiz daha bebek halinde idi. Bu sanayiyi daha bebek halinde \u00f6ld\u00fcremezdik.<\/em>\u201d[35]<\/a><\/p>\n

Demokrat Parti\u2019nin grev hakk\u0131n\u0131 yasalla\u015ft\u0131rmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu gerek\u00e7eye kar\u015f\u0131n \u201chem grev hakk\u0131 d\u00f6nem i\u00e7erisinde giderek i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin hemen tamam\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan sahiplenilen ve savunulan bir temel hakka d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr, hem de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen \u00e7ok say\u0131da i\u015f b\u0131rakma ile bu hak, s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da \u00f6rnekle de olsa, fiilen kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d[36]<\/a> Grev hakk\u0131n\u0131n gereklili\u011fi i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin de\u011fi\u015fik siyasal g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe sahip temsilcileri taraf\u0131ndan benimsenmi\u015f ve \u0131srarla savunulmu\u015ftur.[37]<\/a> \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler grev hakk\u0131 i\u00e7in kampanyalar yapm\u0131\u015flar, h\u00fck\u00fcmete telgraflar g\u00f6ndermi\u015fler, \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Meclisinde grev hakk\u0131n\u0131 savunmu\u015flar, \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Bakan\u0131 ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fler, bu kampanyalarda bas\u0131nda ve bilimsel toplant\u0131larda grev hakk\u0131n\u0131n gereklili\u011fine ili\u015fkin yaz\u0131lar yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.[38]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7iler ve sendikalar grev hakk\u0131n\u0131n yasala\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kendilerine bu hakk\u0131 verece\u011fini vaat eden, bu vaatle onlar\u0131n deste\u011fini alan ama iktidara gelince grev hakk\u0131n\u0131 yasayla d\u00fczenlemekten ka\u00e7\u0131nan Demokrat Parti iktidar\u0131na grev hakk\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen yasal d\u00fczenleme i\u00e7in bask\u0131 yaparken fiilen de grev hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaktan \u00e7ekinmemi\u015flerdir.[39]<\/a><\/p>\n

DP iktidar\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler ile \u201ciyi g\u00fcnler<\/em>\u201din ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ekonomik sorunlar\u0131n ya\u015fanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 1950-1954 d\u00f6nemi ve ili\u015fkilerin gerginle\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ekonomik sorunlar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 1955-1960 d\u00f6nemi olarak iki ayr\u0131 d\u00f6nem olarak inceledi\u011finde, ilk d\u00f6nemde 22 kez, ikinci d\u00f6nemde ise 14 kez greve gidildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Grevlerin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 65\u2019i \u00f6zel kesimde meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Kamu kesiminde meydana gelen grevlerin y\u00fczde 60\u2019\u0131n\u0131 ise limanlarda y\u00fckleme ve bo\u015faltma i\u015flerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7iler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015fkollar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda limanlarda y\u00fckleme bo\u015faltma i\u015flerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar 8 grevle ilk s\u0131ray\u0131 almaktad\u0131r. Onu 7 grevle dokuma sanayi ve in\u015faat izlemektedir. D\u00f6rder kez greve gidilen ula\u015f\u0131m ve g\u0131da sanayi ise grevlerin yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer i\u015f kollar\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6re ait olan bu i\u015f kollar\u0131n\u0131n temel \u00f6zelli\u011fi ise \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r olup i\u015f\u00e7ilere olduk\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccret \u00f6denmesidir.[40]<\/a><\/p>\n

Bu endi\u015fe yasal alanda yasaklama bi\u00e7iminde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yasa koyucunun, sendika hakk\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman grev hakk\u0131ndan, grev hakk\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 ko\u015fullarda ise bu grevin siyasi iktidar\u0131n politikalar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesini etkileyecek \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan her zaman \u00fcrkm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Yasa koyucu, 1947 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan 5018 say\u0131l\u0131 Sendikalar Yasas\u0131\u2019nda oldu\u011fu gibi ya grevi t\u00fcm\u00fcyle yasaklam\u0131\u015f ya da siyasi iktidar\u0131n kararlar\u0131n\u0131 etkilemeyecek \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir. Nitekim grev hakk\u0131 \u00fczerindeki yasak, 1961 Anayasas\u0131nda grevin temel bir hak olarak d\u00fczenlenmesiyle kalkm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ne var ki bu kez de her hak gibi grev hakk\u0131 da s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z olamaz kabul\u00fc devreye girmi\u015f, grev hakk\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 \u201ckanuni grev\/kanun d\u0131\u015f\u0131 grev<\/em>\u201d ayr\u0131m\u0131 ile grev hakk\u0131n\u0131n etkin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nlemler alma d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Grev hakk\u0131n\u0131n istisnalar\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bu d\u00fczenlemeler istisnay\u0131 kural haline getirecek \u015fekilde evrimle\u015fmi\u015f, grev yap\u0131lmas\u0131 istisna, etkili grevin yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 kural haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Grevin yasak oldu\u011fu i\u015fyerleri ve i\u015fkollar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015f tutulmas\u0131, grev yasaklar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen grev ertelemelerine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler, grev k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zendiren, grev k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 etkili \u00f6nlemler i\u00e7ermeyen mevzuat y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 grevi k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde var olan ancak fiilen etkili kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 olanakl\u0131 olmayan bir hak haline getirmi\u015ftir. Grev hakk\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 1961 Anayasas\u0131nda grev hakk\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen maddeyle birlikte ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve halen s\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n

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<\/a>4.1. Devam Eden Grev Yasaklar\u0131<\/h2>\n

275 say\u0131l\u0131 Yasayla ba\u015flayan kanuni grev \u2013 kanun d\u0131\u015f\u0131 grev ayr\u0131m\u0131 2822 ve halen y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olan 6356 say\u0131l\u0131 yasalar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 6356 say\u0131l\u0131 yasa 58. maddesinde yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu grev tan\u0131m\u0131yla birlikte bir dizi grev bi\u00e7imini ve i\u015f\u00e7ilerin toplu eylemini yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 grev kapsam\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yasan\u0131n 58. madde gerek\u00e7esinde yasaklanan genel grev, siyasi ama\u00e7l\u0131 grev ve dayan\u0131\u015fma grevini yasal i\u015f m\u00fccadelesi arac\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rmenin olanakl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Gerek\u00e7eye g\u00f6re, i\u015fyeri i\u015fgali, i\u015fi yava\u015flatma, verimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme ve di\u011fer direni\u015fler ise i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k borcu ile i\u015f g\u00f6rme borcuna ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturan eylemlerdir.[41]<\/a><\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019ne (ILO) ba\u011fl\u0131 Sendika \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri Komitesi (S\u00d6K) ise yasay\u0131 haz\u0131rlayanlar gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemektedir. S\u00d6K\u2019e g\u00f6re, \u201cdayan\u0131\u015fma grevlerinin genel olarak yasaklanmas\u0131 isabetli de\u011fildir. \u015eayet desteklenen grev yasal bir grev ise dayan\u0131\u015fma grevi de yasald\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d[42]<\/a><\/p>\n

S\u00d6K ayr\u0131ca, sendikan\u0131n i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nmas\u0131 (yetkili kabul edilmesi) i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan grevlerin me\u015fru oldu\u011funu belirterek, \u201ctoplu pazarl\u0131kla ilgili uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n kabul edilmesi i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan grevlerin<\/em>\u201d[43]<\/a> yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlali oldu\u011funa karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

S\u00d6K, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekonomik politikalar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fam\u0131na ili\u015fkin sosyal sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 protesto etmek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan ulusal grevin yasaklanmas\u0131 veya yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ilan edilmesini \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u201ca\u011f\u0131r ihlali<\/em>\u201d olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.[44]<\/a> S\u00d6K\u2019e g\u00f6re, \u201casgari \u00fccretin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteki toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fmelere sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesi ve ekonomik politikalar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lacak genel grevler me\u015frudur ve sendikalar\u0131n normal faaliyetleri aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d[45]<\/a> S\u00d6K \u201cGenel bir grev yasa\u011f\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in ve ciddi bir ulusal kriz halinde kabul edilebilir<\/em>\u201d[46]<\/a> demi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

K\u0131saca S\u00d6K grev t\u00fcrleri konusunda genel bir yasaklamay\u0131 uygun bulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Di\u011fer yandan S\u00d6K \u201csendika denetimi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yap\u0131lan d\u00fczensiz grevler (wild-cat strike), i\u015fi yava\u015flatma, i\u015fi durdurma, i\u015fyeri i\u015fgali gibi eylemler, ancak bu eylemler bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilir<\/em>\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndedir.[47]<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/a>4.2. 6356 Say\u0131l\u0131 Yasada Grev Yasaklar\u0131n\u0131n Bulundu\u011fu \u0130\u015fler<\/h5>\n

6356 say\u0131l\u0131 yasan\u0131n 62. maddesi can ve mal kurtarma, cenaze ve defin, elektrik, do\u011falgaz, bankac\u0131l\u0131k, petrol \u00fcretimi, tasfiyesi ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ile nafta veya do\u011falgazdan ba\u015flayan petrokimya i\u015flerinde grev yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Maddeye g\u00f6re, mezarl\u0131klarda, Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Jandarma Genel Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Sahil G\u00fcvenlik Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca do\u011frudan i\u015fletilen i\u015fyerlerinde; kamu kurulu\u015flar\u0131nca y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen itfaiye ve \u015fehir i\u00e7i toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma hizmetlerinde ve hastanelerde grev yap\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n

Maddenin gerek\u00e7esinde yine ILO dayanak g\u00f6sterilerek \u201cgrev ve lokavt\u0131n yasak oldu\u011fu i\u015fler ve yerler ILO\u2019nun talepleri de dikkate al\u0131narak ya\u015famsal nitelik g\u00f6steren temel kamu hizmetleri ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/em>\u201d denilmi\u015ftir. Ancak, ILO denetim organlar\u0131ndan S\u00d6K, \u201cgrev hakk\u0131n\u0131n iki durumda s\u0131n\u0131rlanabilece\u011fi veya yasaklanabilece\u011fini kabul etmektedir: 1) devlet ad\u0131na otorite icra eden kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin (public servants exercising autority in the name of the State) \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 kamu hizmetlerinde veya 2) durmas\u0131 n\u00fcfusun t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn veya bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131, ki\u015fisel g\u00fcvenli\u011fini veya sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehlikeye atabilecek, kelimenin dar anlam\u0131yla, zorunlu\/temel hizmetlerde.<\/em>\u201d[48]<\/a><\/p>\n

Dar anlamda temel hizmetlere \u00f6rnekler veren S\u00d6K, \u201cHastaneler, elektrik, su, polis ve silahl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ler, itfaiye, hava trafik kontrol\u00fc gibi<\/em>\u201d[49]<\/a> i\u015fleri s\u0131ralam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00d6K\u2019e g\u00f6re,<\/p>\n

\u201cMutfak at\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n toplanmas\u0131 alan\u0131ndaki bir grevin halk\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 veya g\u00fcvenli\u011fini tehdit edecek \u015fekilde uzamas\u0131 halinde temel bir hizmet niteli\u011fini kazanabilir ve yasaklanabilir. (p.126, paragraf 591)<\/em>\u201d \u201cEv at\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n toplanmas\u0131nda asgari bir zorunlu hizmet kabul edilebilir. (p. 131, paragraf 623)<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cDemiryolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda genel ve uzun s\u00fcren bir grev halk\u0131n refah\u0131n\u0131 tehlikeye sokan ulusal bir kriz halini al\u0131rsa asgari bir hizmet kabul edilebilir.<\/em>\u201d (p. 131, paragraf 620)[50]<\/a><\/p>\n

S\u00d6K, \u201cDar anlamda temel hizmetler kavram\u0131na girmeyen<\/em>\u201d \u00f6rnekleri de \u201cRadyo-TV, petrol tesisleri, limanlar, bankalar, metal ve maden i\u015fkollar\u0131, ula\u015ft\u0131rma sekt\u00f6r\u00fc, demiryollar\u0131, metro ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131, posta hizmetleri, yap\u0131 i\u015fkolu, oto sanayi, tar\u0131m i\u015fleri, devlet bas\u0131mevi i\u015fleri, e\u011fitim sekt\u00f6r\u00fc gibi<\/em>\u201d[51]<\/a> s\u00f6zleri ile s\u0131ralam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yasan\u0131n, grev yasaklar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde s\u0131ralam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu i\u015f ve i\u015fyerlerinden \u201ccan ve mal kurtarma i\u015flerinde<\/em>\u201d, \u201cmezarl\u0131klarda<\/em>\u201d, \u201chastanelerde<\/em>\u201d, \u201celektrik \u00fcretim ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m i\u015flerinde<\/em>\u201dki yasaklar\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 normlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde savunulabilir oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir.[52]<\/a> Ancak grev yasa\u011f\u0131 kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan \u201cpetrol \u00fcretimi, naftadan ba\u015flayan petro-kimya i\u015fleri, bankac\u0131l\u0131k hizmetleri, askeri i\u015fyerleri, kamu kurulu\u015flar\u0131nca y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen \u015fehir i\u00e7i toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma hizmetlerini<\/em>\u201d uluslararas\u0131 normlara uygun oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek olanakl\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Belirtmeliyiz ki grev yasa\u011f\u0131 bulunan i\u015fler 6356 say\u0131l\u0131 yasan\u0131n 62. maddesinde say\u0131lan i\u015flerle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildir. 5188 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00d6zel G\u00fcvenlik Hizmetlerine Dair Kanun 17. maddesinde \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlilerinin greve kat\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131 yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir di\u011fer grev yasa\u011f\u0131 getiren yasal d\u00fczenleme de 6362 Say\u0131l\u0131 Sermaye Piyasas\u0131 Kanunudur. An\u0131lan yasan\u0131n 137\/2. maddesine g\u00f6re \u201cBu Kanun uyar\u0131nca kurulan ve faaliyet g\u00f6steren borsalar ve te\u015fkilatlanm\u0131\u015f di\u011fer pazar yerleri, merkez\u00ee takas kurulu\u015flar\u0131, merkez\u00ee saklama kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ile MKK [Merkezi Kay\u0131t Kurulu\u015fu] taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen hizmetlerde grev ve lokavt yap\u0131lamaz.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bu yasaklar\u0131n alt\u0131nda devletin sermaye birikim s\u00fcrecini sermayenin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 en iyi \u015fekilde koruyacak, devlet kontrol\u00fcnde ve yasal \u00e7er\u00e7evenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmayan, \u015feklen var olan ancak etkili olmayan bir sendikal yap\u0131 olu\u015fturma gayreti yatmaktad\u0131r. Grev yasaklar\u0131n\u0131n tarihsel geli\u015fimi iktidarda hangi siyasi parti olursa olsun grev yasaklar\u0131n\u0131 olanakl\u0131 olduk\u00e7a s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, grev hakk\u0131n\u0131 muhalefette iken i\u015f\u00e7ilerin r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 almak i\u00e7in s\u00f6zde kabul etmi\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stermektedir. Asl\u0131nda t\u00fcm bu grev yasaklar\u0131 Anayasan\u0131n 90.maddesindeki yollama nedeniyle hukuka da a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Ne var ki konu grev yasa\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funda anayasan\u0131n 90. Maddesi de g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilebilmektedir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/a>4.3. Grev Ertelemesi<\/h2>\n

Grev ertelemesi grev hakk\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 1963 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri uygulanan bir kurumdur.[53]<\/a> As\u0131l olan grev hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n grev ertelemeleri, grev hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc ortadan kald\u0131racak s\u0131kl\u0131kta kullan\u0131lan bir kurum olma \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dcstelik 1980 12 Eyl\u00fcl Darbesi sonras\u0131nda grev ertelemesi anayasal g\u00fcvenceye kavu\u015fmu\u015ftur. \u201cGrev ertelemelerinin Anayasaya girmesi, erteleme s\u00fcresi sonunda uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n zorunlu tahkime g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ILO\u2019nun yo\u011fun ele\u015ftirilerine u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/em>.\u201d[54]<\/a> S\u00d6K\u2019\u00fcn \u201cUlusal g\u00fcvenlik ya da genel sa\u011fl\u0131k nedeniyle bir grevin ertelenmesi h\u00fck\u00fcmetin de\u011fil t\u00fcm ilgili taraflar\u0131n g\u00fcvenini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir organ\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu \u00fcstlenmesi ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilir<\/em>\u201d[55]<\/a> demesine kar\u015f\u0131n, grev ertelemesinde \u0131srar edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Anayasan\u0131n 54. maddesinin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 ile yasa koyucuya grev yasaklama ve erteleme konusunda geni\u015f bir yetki tan\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece yasa koyucu anayasal bir hakk\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc ortadan kald\u0131rabilmektedir. 2822 say\u0131l\u0131 Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi Grev ve Lokavt Kanunu da (T\u0130SGLK) geni\u015f yasaklar ve erteleme mekanizmas\u0131 i\u00e7ermekteydi. Nitekim \u201cD\u00f6nem boyunca toplu pazarl\u0131k ve grev hakk\u0131 ciddi bir bi\u00e7imde ihlal edilmi\u015f ve yayg\u0131n grev ertelemeleri ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde toplam 252 grev erteleme kararnamesi yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f; 252 kararnamenin 209\u2019unda milli g\u00fcvenlik gerek\u00e7esine yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/em>\u201d[56]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Grev ertelemesi asl\u0131nda bir t\u00fcr grev yasa\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Ad\u0131n\u0131n erteleme olmas\u0131 yasaklamay\u0131 yumu\u015fatmaktad\u0131r. Oysa gerek anayasada gerekse yasada \u201certeleme<\/em>\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ekte hem anayasa hem yasa erteleme ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda grevlerin yasaklanmas\u0131 konusunda h\u00fck\u00fcmete geni\u015f yetkiler tan\u0131maktad\u0131r. Uygulanmakta olan bir grev milli g\u00fcvenlik ya da genel sa\u011fl\u0131k nedeniyle ertelendi\u011finde ertelemeyi gerektiren durumlar\u0131n var oldu\u011funu bir an i\u00e7in kabul etsek ve grev ertelemeyi do\u011furan olay ortadan kalksa dahi grev bir kez ertelenenince yasa gere\u011fi bir daha uygulanmas\u0131 olanakl\u0131 olmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ertelenen bir grevde taraflar altm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde anla\u015famazlar ise uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k zorunlu tahkim yoluyla giderilmekte, idari bir organ olan Y\u00fcksek Hakem Kurulu taraflar\u0131n yerine ge\u00e7erek karar vermekte, Y\u00fcksek Hakem Kurulu\u2019nun karar\u0131 toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

6356 say\u0131l\u0131 yasan\u0131n \u201cGrev ve lokavt\u0131n ertelenmesi<\/em>\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 63. maddesine g\u00f6re;<\/p>\n

\u201cKarar verilmi\u015f veya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f olan kanuni bir grev veya lokavt genel sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya mill\u00ee g\u00fcvenli\u011fi bozucu nitelikte ise Bakanlar Kurulu bu uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kta grev ve lokavt\u0131 altm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcn s\u00fcre ile erteleyebilir. Erteleme s\u00fcresi, karar\u0131n yay\u0131m\u0131 tarihinde ba\u015flar.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cErteleme karar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi \u00fczerine, 60\u2019\u0131nc\u0131 maddenin yedinci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re belirlenen arabulucu, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in erteleme s\u00fcresince her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00e7abay\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Erteleme s\u00fcresi i\u00e7erisinde taraflar aralar\u0131nda anla\u015farak uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zel hakeme de g\u00f6t\u00fcrebilir.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cErteleme s\u00fcresinin sonunda anla\u015fma sa\u011flanamazsa, alt\u0131 i\u015fg\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7inde taraflardan birinin ba\u015fvurusu \u00fczerine uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k Y\u00fcksek Hakem Kurulunca \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcr. Aksi takdirde i\u015f\u00e7i sendikas\u0131n\u0131n yetkisi d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, 6356 say\u0131l\u0131 yasa da 2822 say\u0131l\u0131 yasada oldu\u011fu gibi grev erteleme yetkisini siyasi bir organ olan Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na vermekte, \u201cgenel sa\u011fl\u0131k<\/em>\u201d, \u201culusal g\u00fcvenlik<\/em>\u201d gibi tan\u0131m\u0131 zor, i\u00e7eri\u011fi herkese g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde doldurulabilecek nedenleri erteleme gerek\u00e7esi olarak kullanmaya olanak tan\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yasaya g\u00f6re taraflar\u0131n erteleme sonunda alt\u0131 i\u015fg\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7inde Y\u00fcksek Hakem Kuruluna ba\u015fvurmalar\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde YHK\u2019na ba\u015fvurulmaz ise yapt\u0131r\u0131m olarak i\u015f\u00e7i sendikas\u0131n\u0131n yetkisinin d\u00fc\u015fmesi belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

5. Sonu\u00e7<\/h5>\n

Grev yasaklar\u0131, \u00f6zellikle \u201cgrev ertelemesi\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen grev yasaklar\u0131, grev hakk\u0131n\u0131n k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de grev hakk\u0131n\u0131n etkili kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak yasal g\u00fcvencenin bulundu\u011fundan s\u00f6z etmek olanakl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Daha a\u00e7\u0131k ifadeyle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de grev, sendika ve toplu pazarl\u0131k hakk\u0131 fiilen yoktur. Nitekim 2025 y\u0131l\u0131 kamu i\u015fyerlerinde i\u015f\u00e7ilerle yap\u0131lan toplu pazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n toplu pazarl\u0131k olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7ilere \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6sterip hastal\u0131\u011fa raz\u0131 etmeye d\u00f6n\u00fck bir tiyatro oldu\u011fu, maden sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde kararlar\u0131 al\u0131nan grevlerin erteleme ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda yasaklanmas\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Grev muhalefetin y\u00f6netti\u011fi bir belediyede de\u011filse, etkili sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 olacaksa hemen \u201cmilli g\u00fcvenlik<\/em>\u201d gerek\u00e7esiyle grev yasaklanmaktad\u0131r. Bu yasaklamalara \u201ckeyfi<\/em>\u201d dememek olanakl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Bu durumda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sonu\u00e7 nettir: \u0130ktidar grev hakk\u0131n\u0131, grev muhalefet partilerinin y\u00f6netti\u011fi belediyelerde veya etkili olmayacak i\u015fyeri ve i\u015fkollar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan bir hak olarak g\u00f6rmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00dcstelik grev hakk\u0131na sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stermemek sadece iktidara \u00f6zg\u00fc bir tav\u0131r da de\u011fildir. Grev hakk\u0131na muhalefeti destekleyenler de sayg\u0131 duymamaktad\u0131r. Muhalefeti destekleyen \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir kesim, ne zaman bir muhalefet belediyesinde grev uygulansa, iktidar belediyelerini i\u015faret edip grev hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanan i\u015f\u00e7ileri \u00f6tekile\u015ftirmekte hi\u00e7bir sak\u0131nca g\u00f6rmemektedir.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r ki grev hakk\u0131na i\u015fverenler de hi\u00e7 sayg\u0131 duymamaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fverenler hi\u00e7 g\u00f6zlerini k\u0131rpmadan, yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 yollara ba\u015fvurmaktan \u00e7ekinmeden grev k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapmay\u0131 kendilerinde bir hak olarak g\u00f6rmektedir.<\/p>\n

Anayasa Mahkemesi grev hakk\u0131n\u0131n erteleme ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda milli g\u00fcvenlik gerek\u00e7esiyle ertelenmesi, grev hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcne dokunan hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir m\u00fcdahale oldu\u011funu tespit etmi\u015ftir.[57]<\/a> Ancak iktidar asla bu kararlar\u0131 dikkate almamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu ko\u015fullarda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de i\u015f\u00e7ilerin grev hakk\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z etmek, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00f6zg\u00fcr toplu pazarl\u0131k d\u00fczeni vard\u0131r demek, dahas\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de sendika hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r demek fiilen de hukuken m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler ya \u201cgrev hakk\u0131 varm\u0131\u015f<\/em>\u201d oyununu sineye \u00e7ekip zorunlu tahkim (Y\u00fcksek Hakem Kurulu) ne verirse raz\u0131 olacak ya da bu fiili durumun ad\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru tak\u0131p ellerinden al\u0131nan \u00f6zg\u00fcr toplu pazarl\u0131k hakk\u0131n\u0131 var etmek i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele edeceklerdir. T\u00fcrkiye i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 \u00e7oktan beri sendika, grev ve toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fme hakk\u0131n\u0131 var etme m\u00fccadelesiyle y\u00fcz y\u00fcze oldu\u011funu anlamak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Dr., \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve Toplum Dergisi Yay\u0131n Y\u00f6netmeni.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> \u00c7elik, A. (2010) \u201cSendikal Haklar: Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Hukuku ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Uyumsuzlu\u011fu\u201d, Disiplinler Aras\u0131 Yakla\u015f\u0131mla \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131<\/em>, ed. Selda \u00c7a\u011flar, Beta Yay\u0131nevi, sf. 255.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> G\u00fclmez, M. (2010) \u201cSendikal Haklar\u0131n B\u00f6l\u00fcnmezli\u011fi: \u2018Toplu S\u00f6zle\u015fmesiz ve Grevsiz Sendika Hakk\u0131, \u00d6z\u00fcnden Yoksundur\u201d, \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve Toplum<\/em>, Say\u0131 26, sf. 17.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> G\u00fclmez, age, sf. 28.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> \u201cS\u00d6K\u2019e g\u00f6re; \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 konusunda i\u015fverenlerle \u00f6zg\u00fcrce toplu pazarl\u0131k yapma hakk\u0131, sendika \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn temel \u00f6\u011felerinden birini olu\u015fturur<\/em><\/strong> ve sendikalar\u0131n, toplu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ya da ba\u015fka her t\u00fcr yasal yolla, temsil ettikleri ki\u015filerin ya\u015fam ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczeltmeye \u00e7aba g\u00f6sterme hakk\u0131na sahip olmalar\u0131 gerekir. Kamu yetkililerinin de, bu hakk\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ya da yasal kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 engelleyici t\u00fcm kar\u0131\u015fmalardan ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu t\u00fcrdeki t\u00fcm kar\u0131\u015fmalar, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin y\u00f6netim ve etkinliklerini d\u00fczenleme ve eylem programlar\u0131 olu\u015fturma hakk\u0131 bulundu\u011fu ilkesinin \u00e7i\u011fnenmesi anlam\u0131na gelir. Yine S\u00d6K\u2019e g\u00f6re grev hakk\u0131, \u201csendika hakk\u0131n\u0131n temel \u00f6\u011felerinden biridir.<\/em><\/strong>\u201d G\u00fclmez M, (2008) \u201cSendika Hakk\u0131, Toplu S\u00f6zle\u015fme ve Grevi de \u0130\u00e7eren Toplu Eylem Haklar\u0131n\u0131 Kapsar M\u0131?\u201d, \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve Toplum<\/em>, Say\u0131 18, sf. 141.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> Kutal, M. (2012) \u201cToplu \u0130\u015f Hukukunda Yeni Bir D\u00fczenleme (31.01.2012 Tarihli Kanun Tasar\u0131s\u0131), Sicil Dergisi<\/em>, Mart 2012, Say\u0131: 25, s. 174. \u201c(p.113, paragraf 523)\u201d<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> G\u00fczel, M. \u015e. (2016) \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler \u00d6rg\u00fctleniyor (1939-1950)<\/em>, Sosyal Tarih Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, sf. 384.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Genel Gerek\u00e7e, Toplu \u0130\u015f \u0130li\u015fkileri Kanunu Tasar\u0131s\u0131 ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi Uyum Komisyonu ile Sa\u011fl\u0131k, Aile, \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve Sosyal \u0130\u015fler Komisyonu Raporlar\u0131,<\/em> Yasama d\u00f6nemi 24, Yasama y\u0131l\u0131 2, 1\/567, S. Say\u0131s\u0131 197, s. 5.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> Nizamnamenin 1. ve 2. Maddeleri 2552 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00d6l\u00fcm Cezas\u0131n\u0131n Kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u0130le Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Kanunun 1\/L. Maddesi: \u201c30.5.1283 tarihli Demiryollar\u0131n\u0131n Usul\u00fc Zab\u0131tas\u0131na Dair Nizamnamenin 1 ve 2\u2019nci maddeleri y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d \u00a0Resmi Gazete<\/em>, Tarih: 21.7.2004, Say\u0131 25529.<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> 5728 say\u0131l\u0131 Temel Ceza Kanunlar\u0131na Uyum Amac\u0131yla \u00c7e\u015fitli Kanunlarda ve Di\u011fer Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun, Madde 578- \u201cA\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. a) 30 May\u0131s 1283; 8 Sefer 1284 tarih Demiryollar\u0131n\u0131n Usul\u00fc Zab\u0131tas\u0131na Dair Nizamname,\u201d Resmi Gazete<\/em>, Tarih: 8.2.2008, Say\u0131: 26781.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    [11]<\/a> \u201cOsmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nda 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda demiryollar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131 ve i\u015fletilmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131r \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131na ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretlere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00fccretlilerin bireysel ve toplu tepkileri olmu\u015f olsa gerek B\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla ho\u015fnutsuzlu\u011fu g\u00f6stermenin en yayg\u0131n bi\u00e7imi, izin almaks\u0131z\u0131n veya \u00f6nceden haber vermeksizin i\u015ften ayr\u0131lmak, \u00e7ekip gitmekti. Bu ise ortak bir \u00e7abayla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen trenin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyebilir veya kazaya neden olabilirdi. 1867 y\u0131l\u0131nda kabul edilen bu Nizamnameye bu maddelerin konmas\u0131 bu nitelikte olaylar\u0131n veya e\u011filimlerin sonucu olabilir.\u201d Ko\u00e7. Y, (2019) T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f\u00e7i S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 Tarihi Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan 2019\u2019a<\/em>, Tek G\u0131da \u0130\u015f, \u0130stanbul, sf. 50.<\/p>\n

    [12]<\/a> \u201cMemaliki Mahsusa Demiryollar\u0131n\u0131n Usul\u00fc Zab\u0131tas\u0131na Dair Nizamname\u201d, \u00a0, Madde 1. \u201cHerkim ki kasten demiryolunu tahrip etmek ve bozmak veya arabalar\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcmesine mani olacak surette yola bir \u015fey koymak ve atmak veyahut ne suretle olur ise olsun arabalar\u0131n seyr\u00fchareketine mani olmak veya yolundan \u00e7\u0131karmak veyahut demiryolu mevk\u0131flar\u0131 meyanesinde cari olan muhaberat\u0131 telgrafiyenin inkita\u0131na sebebiyet vermek gibi bir harekete i\u00e7tisar edipte [cesaret edipte] i\u015fbu hareketi den dolay\u0131 bir g\u00fbna [t\u00fcrl\u00fc] sakatl\u0131k zuhur etmez ise bir seneden \u00fc\u00e7 seneye kadar hapsedilir ve hareketi mezburesinden[yukar\u0131da ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en] na\u015fi [sebebiyle] telefi nefis vukubulur ise idam ve e\u011fer ceriha zuhur eder ise muvakkat k\u00fcrek cezasile m\u00fccazat k\u0131l\u0131n\u0131r.\u201d https:\/\/mevzuat.kararara.com\/mvzt\/mvzt2\/mvzt562.html, \u0130. T. 07. 2025.<\/p>\n

    [13]<\/a> \u201cMemaliki Mahsusa Demiryollar\u0131n\u0131n Usul\u00fc Zab\u0131tas\u0131na Dair Nizamname\u201d , Madde 5. : Herhangi makineci veyahut k\u0131lavuz demiryolu arabalar\u0131n\u0131n esnay\u0131 seyr\u00fchareketinde mevkiinde bulunmaz ise alt\u0131 aydan iki seneye kadar hapis ile tedip olunur ve bundan ba\u015fka o makule makineci veya k\u0131lavuzun tard\u0131 hakk\u0131nda taraf\u0131 saltanat\u0131 seniyeden vukubulan emir derhal icra k\u0131l\u0131nacakt\u0131r.\u201d https:\/\/mevzuat.kararara.com\/mvzt\/mvzt2\/mvzt562.html, \u0130. T. 07. 2025.<\/p>\n

    [14]<\/a> Ko\u00e7, age, sf. 50.<\/p>\n

    [15]<\/a> Ko\u00e7, age, sf. 51.<\/p>\n

    [16]<\/a> Deniz, \u00d6. (2022) \u201cOsmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nden T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne Grevlerin \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Hayat\u0131ndaki Yeri\u201d, XVIII. T\u00fcrk Tarih Kongresi Bildirileri<\/em>, ed. Semiha Nurdan ve Muhammed \u00d6zler, T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, 469-482, sf. 473.<\/p>\n

    [17]<\/a> \u00a0Makal, A. (1997) Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u0130li\u015fkileri: 1850-1920<\/em>, \u0130mge Yay\u0131nevi, Ankara, sf. 272. \u201c1909 tarihli Tatil-i E\u015fgal Kanunu ile, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ili\u015fkileri alan\u0131nda, i\u015f\u00e7i ve i\u015fverenlerin formel bir bi\u00e7imde sendikalar kurmas\u0131 yasaklanm\u0131\u015f oluyor. Her ne kadar bu yasaklama, yasan\u0131n kapsam\u0131na giren kurulu\u015flarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131ysa da, d\u00f6nem itibariyle bu kurulu\u015flar\u0131n gerek say\u0131ca, gerek \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k, bu yasa\u011f\u0131n \u00f6nem derecesini de y\u00fckseltmektedir.\u201d Ko\u00e7 ise aksi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc savunmakta Tatil-i E\u015fgal Kanunun etkili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunmaktad\u0131r. Ko\u00e7\u2019a g\u00f6re, \u201cTatil-i E\u015fgal Kanununun sendikala\u015fma ve grev haklar\u0131 konusundaki d\u00fczenlemeleri ony\u0131llard\u0131r akademisyenler aras\u0131nda bile tart\u0131\u015fma konusudur. 1909 y\u0131l\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7ilerin davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinde bu kanunun etkisi son derece s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu y\u0131llarda 1909 y\u0131l\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7ilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu okuma yazma bilmiyordu. Yay\u0131mlanan kanunlara eri\u015febilmek de ayr\u0131 bir sorundu. 1909 ve sonras\u0131nda grevlerde g\u00f6r\u00fclen azalman\u0131n \u00f6ncelikli nedeni, i\u00e7eri\u011fi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bile h\u00e2l\u00e2 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan Tatil-i E\u015fgal Kanunu de\u011fil, 1908 grevlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kla sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131 ve sendikala\u015fma ve grev haklar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 duyulan tepkidir.\u201d Ko\u00e7, age, sf. 92.<\/p>\n

    [18]<\/a> Resm\u00ee Gazete, Tarih: 20.06.1933, Say\u0131 2432.<\/p>\n

    [19]<\/a> Saymen, F. H. (1954) T\u00fcrk \u0130\u015f Hukuku<\/em>, Hak Kitabevi, \u0130stanbul, sf. 343.<\/p>\n

    [20]<\/a> Resm\u00ee Gazete, Tarih: 26.02.1947, Say\u0131: 6542.<\/p>\n

    [21]<\/a> \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve \u0130\u015fveren Sendikalar\u0131 ve Sendika Birlikleri hakk\u0131nda kanun tasar\u0131s\u0131 ve \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri, Adalet ve \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Komisyonlar\u0131 raporlar\u0131 (1\/125), T. B. M. M. Tutanak Dergisi<\/em>, K\u0131rk yedinci Birle\u015fim, 20.02.1947, S. Say\u0131s\u0131: 88, s. 2.<\/p>\n

    [22]<\/a> Mahiro\u011fullar\u0131, A. (2015) \u201c5018 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’dan 275 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’a Grev Hakk\u0131 Tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131: Yasak\u00e7\u0131 D\u00f6nemden Serbesti D\u00f6neme Ge\u00e7i\u015fin Yol Haritas\u0131\u201d, Emek ve Toplum Dergisi<\/em>, Cilt: 4, Y\u0131l: 4, Say\u0131: 10 (2015\/3), sf. 155.<\/p>\n

    [23]<\/a> G\u00fczel, age, sf. 384-385.<\/p>\n

    [24]<\/a> Resm\u00ee Gazete, Tarih: 10.06.1946, Say\u0131: 6329.<\/p>\n

    [25]<\/a> Makal, A. (2002) T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00c7ok Partili D\u00f6nemde \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u0130li\u015fkileri: 1946-1963<\/em>, \u0130mge Yay\u0131nevi, Ankara, sf. 222.<\/p>\n

    [26]<\/a>\u00c7elik, A. (2010) Vesayetten Siyasete T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Sendikac\u0131l\u0131k (1946-1967)<\/em>,<\/strong> \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, sf. 84.<\/p>\n

    [27]<\/a> \u201cYine demokratik h\u00fcrriyetlerden faydalanma takti\u011fine uygun olarak i\u015f\u00e7i k\u00fctleleri Kom\u00fcnist Partisinin elinde bir \u00e2let olmak \u00fczere te\u015fkilatland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u0131sa bir zamanda memleketimizin muhtelif \u015fehirlerinde yerden biter gibi sendikalar \u00fcremi\u015f ve t\u00fcremi\u015ftir. (38) sendika kanan\u0131 ve gayrisiyasi cemiyetler maskesi alt\u0131nda kurulan bu sendikalar\u0131n kurucu ve y\u00f6nelim uzuvlar\u0131n\u0131 hemen hepsinin sicilli ve fanatik kom\u00fcnistlerden m\u00fcrekkep olu\u015fu vak\u0131as\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda, bunlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek mahiyetini, Kom\u00fcnist Partisi Genel Kurulunca tanzim edilip vil\u00e2yet kom\u00fcnistlerine g\u00f6nderilen ve bir n\u00fcshas\u0131 ele ge\u00e7en talimat\u0131n \u015fu sat\u0131rlar\u0131 k\u00e2fi bir sarahatle anlatmaktad\u0131r.\u201d \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc S\u00f6kmens\u00fcer, T. B. M. M. Tutanak Dergisi<\/em>, VIII. D\u00f6nem, Cilt 4, Otuz yedinci birle\u015fim, 29. 01. 1947. sf. 75.<\/p>\n

    [28]<\/a> Makal, age, sf. 222.<\/p>\n

    [29]<\/a> \u0130hkak\u0131 hak, kendisini hak sahibi olarak g\u00f6renlerin yasal yollara ba\u015fvurmadan kendi g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kullanarak hakk\u0131 elde etmesidir. TCK 308. maddesinde su\u00e7 olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    [30]<\/a> Irmak, S. (1947) T. B. M. M. Tutanak Dergisi<\/em>, D\u00f6nem: VIII, Cilt :4, Toplant\u0131:1 K\u0131rk Yedinci Birle\u015fim, 20. 02. 1947, sf. 303.<\/p>\n

    [31]<\/a>\u00a0 Oral, H. (1947) T. B. M. M. Tutanak Dergisi<\/em>, D\u00f6nem : VIII, Cilt :4, Toplant\u0131:1 K\u0131rk yedinci Birle\u015fim, 20.02, sf. 315.<\/p>\n

    [32]<\/a> Sirer, \u015e. (1950) T.B.M.M. Tutanak Dergisi<\/em>,<\/strong> Cilt 28, Toplant\u0131 4, Birle\u015fim 31, 18.01.1950, sf. 218-219.<\/p>\n

    [33]<\/a> \u00d6zveri, M, (2013) T\u0130S Yetki Sistemi ve Sendikas\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rma (1963-2009)<\/em>, Legal Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, sf. 98.<\/p>\n

    [34]<\/a> \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn bu konuda muhalefet lideri olarak alt\u0131 y\u0131l sonra tam aksi do\u011frultuda s\u00f6yledikleri i\u00e7in bkz. Makal, age, sf. 260.<\/p>\n

    [35]<\/a> Makal, age, sf. 267.<\/p>\n

    [36]<\/a> Ko\u00e7ak, H. (2015) \u201cSalonlardan Meydanlara Do\u011fru: 50’lerden 60’lara \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Hareketi Grev Hakk\u0131n\u0131n Pe\u015finde\u201d, Tanzimat’tan G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f\u00e7i S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 Tarihi 1839-2014 Yeni Yakla\u015f\u0131mlar Yeni Alanlar Yeni Sorunlar<\/em>, ed. Y. Do\u011fan \u00c7etinkaya ve Mehmet \u00d6. Alkan, Tarih Vakf\u0131 Yurt Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, sf. 342-343.<\/p>\n

    [37]<\/a> Ko\u00e7ak, hakl\u0131 olarak grev hakk\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan benimsenmesine \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle vurgu yapmaktad\u0131r: \u201cHem May\u0131s 1950 se\u00e7imleri \u00f6ncesi hem de sonras\u0131, o d\u00f6nem destekledikleri partinin politikalar\u0131na g\u00f6z\u00fc kapal\u0131 ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f partizanca tutumlar alarak zaman zaman kamuoyuna \u2018grev istemediklerini\u2019 beyan eden sendikalar\/sendikac\u0131lar gibi tuhafl\u0131klara rastlansa da, grev hakk\u0131 d\u00f6nemin ortalar\u0131na geldi\u011finde i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin i\u00e7indeki farkl\u0131 partilere mensup akt\u00f6rlerce benimsenmi\u015f ve \u0131srarla savunulur duruma gelmi\u015ftir\u201d Ko\u00e7ak, H. (2015), age, sf. 343.<\/p>\n

    [38]<\/a> Ko\u00e7ak, H. (2015), age, sf. 341-354.<\/p>\n

    [39]<\/a> \u201cEmek tarihinin en az bilinen d\u00f6nemlerinden birini de Demokrat Parti’nin (DP) iktidarda oldu\u011fu 1950-1960 d\u00f6nemi olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Grev yasa\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n taraflar\u0131ndan biri olarak muhalefetteyken grev hakk\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyen DP, iktidarda bulundu\u011fu on y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde bu yasa\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, her y\u0131l grev hakk\u0131 tan\u0131yacak bir yasa tasar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmakta oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ne var ki, DP yanl\u0131s\u0131 sendikalar\u0131n taleplerine ra\u011fmen on y\u0131l boyunca bu yasa tasar\u0131s\u0131 bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc haz\u0131rlan\u0131p meclise sunulamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, CHP d\u00f6neminde oldu\u011fu gibi, DP d\u00f6neminde de i\u015f\u00e7iler farkl\u0131 nedenlerle, grev yasa\u011f\u0131na ra\u011fmen greve gitmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d Akkaya, Y. (2010) Cumhuriyet\u2019in Hamallar\u0131: \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler<\/em>, Yordam Kitap, \u0130stanbul, sf. 97.<\/p>\n

    [40]<\/a> Akkaya, Y. (2010), age, sf. 98.<\/p>\n

    [41]<\/a> Genel Gerek\u00e7e, Toplu \u0130\u015f \u0130li\u015fkileri Kanunu Tasar\u0131s\u0131 ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi Uyum Komisyonu ile Sa\u011fl\u0131k, Aile, \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve Sosyal \u0130\u015fler Komisyonu Raporlar\u0131<\/em>, Yasama d\u00f6nemi 24, Yasama y\u0131l\u0131 2, 1\/567, S. Say\u0131s\u0131 197, sf. 21<\/p>\n

    [42]<\/a> Kutal, M. (2012), age, sf. 176 \u201c(p.116, paragraf 534)\u201d; \u00c7elik, age, sf. 280 \u201cGenel bir sempati grevi yasa\u011f\u0131 ihlale yol a\u00e7abilir, desteklenen grevin kendisi hukuka uygun ise i\u015f\u00e7ilerin sempati grevi yapabilmeleri gerekir.\u201d<\/p>\n

    [43]<\/a> \u00c7elik, A. (2010) \u201cSendikal Haklar: Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Hukuku ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Uyumsuzlu\u011fu\u201d, Disiplinler Aras\u0131 Yakla\u015f\u0131mla \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131<\/em>, Ed. Selda \u00c7a\u011flar, Beta Yay\u0131nevi, sf. 280<\/p>\n

    [44]<\/a> \u00c7elik, Sendikal Haklar<\/em>, sf. 280.<\/p>\n

    [45]<\/a> \u00c7elik, age, sf. 280.<\/p>\n

    [46]<\/a> Kutal, age, sf. 176 \u201c(p.121, paragraf 570)\u201d<\/p>\n

    [47]<\/a> \u00c7elik, age, sf. 280 \u201cBir di\u011fer ifadeyle S\u00d6K bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l olmas\u0131 ko\u015fuluyla i\u015fi yava\u015flatma, i\u015fi durdurma ve i\u015fyeri i\u015fgali eylemlerini \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirmektedir.\u201d<\/p>\n

    [48]<\/a> \u00c7elik, Sendikal Haklar<\/em>, sf. 281, Kutal, M. (2012), age, sf. 176 \u201cGrevin yasaklanabilece\u011fi dar anlam\u0131 ile temel hizmetler kavram\u0131n\u0131 belirleyebilmek i\u00e7in halk\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn yada bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, g\u00fcvenli\u011fini veya hayat\u0131n\u0131 yak\u0131ndan ve acilen tehdit eden bir durumun mevcudiyeti aranma\u00adl\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d (p.123, paragraf 581, 582,583)\u201d<\/p>\n

    [49]<\/a> Kutal, age, sf. 176.<\/p>\n

    [50]<\/a> Kutal, age, sf. 176.<\/p>\n

    [51]<\/a> Kutal, age, sf. 176. \u00a0\u201c(p.124, paragraf 585)\u201d<\/p>\n

    [52]<\/a> Kutal, age, sf. 176. \u201cZira bu hizmetlerin kesintiye u\u011framas\u0131 halk\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 ciddi ve acil bi\u00e7imde tehlikeye sokabilir.\u201d<\/p>\n

    [53]<\/a> Kutal, age. \u00a0sf. 177.<\/p>\n

    [54]<\/a> Kutal, age, sf. 177.<\/p>\n

    [55]<\/a> Kutal, age, sf. 177. \u201c(p.121, paragraf 571)\u201d<\/p>\n

    [56]<\/a> \u00c7elik, A. (2008) \u201cMilli G\u00fcvenlik Gerek\u00e7eli Grev Ertelemeleri\u201d, \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve Toplum<\/em>, Say\u0131 18, 2008\/3, sf. 106 \u201cMilli g\u00fcvenlik gerek\u00e7eli ertelemeler toplam ertelemeler i\u00e7inde ezici bir \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011fe sahiptir. Erteleme kararlar\u0131n\u0131n 159\u2019u kamu kesimine ili\u015fkindir. Bunu o d\u00f6nemde kamu kesiminin ekonomideki a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile a\u00e7\u0131klamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bir di\u011fer a\u00e7\u0131dan ise h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131 oldu\u011fu uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan grevleri erteleyerek haks\u0131z bir \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck elde etmi\u015ftir. Sa\u011f ve muhafazak\u00e2r h\u00fck\u00fcmet d\u00f6nemlerinde yo\u011fun bir grev erteleme ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. 252 grev ertelemesinin 164\u2019\u00fc Demirel h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri d\u00f6neminde (6 h\u00fck\u00fcmet) ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Grev erteleme rekoru 75 erteleme ile 6. Demirel h\u00fck\u00fcmeti d\u00f6nemine aittir. Bu d\u00f6nemin (12 Kas\u0131m 1979-12 Eyl\u00fcl 1980) 24 Ocak kararlar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan yo\u011fun grevlerin g\u00fcndeme geldi\u011fi bir d\u00f6nem oldu\u011funun alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmek gerekir.\u00a0 Ecevit h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri d\u00f6neminde ise (3 h\u00fck\u00fcmet) 48 erteleme yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u201d Grev Ertelemeleri i\u00e7in ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in Bkz. \u00c7elik, age, sf. 87-132.<\/p>\n

    [57]<\/a> AYM, Birle\u015fik Metal \u0130\u015f\u00e7ileri Sendikas\u0131 [2. B.], B. No: 2015\/14862, 9\/5\/2018., AYM, Kristal-\u0130\u015f Sendikas\u0131 [GK], B. No: 2014\/12166, 2\/7\/2015.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Murat \u00d6zveri[1] 1. Grev Hakk\u0131 En geni\u015f anlamda grev, birden fazla i\u015f\u00e7inin kendi aralar\u0131nda anla\u015farak veya bir sendika \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda sendikan\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 karara uyarak \u00fcretimi durdurmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bir eylemin s\u0131radan bir i\u015f b\u0131rakmadan farkl\u0131 olarak grev say\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in sadece i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmama haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmalar\u0131 yetmez. Ayr\u0131ca i\u015fyerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 da durdurmaya d\u00f6n\u00fck olmas\u0131, i\u015fyerinde \u00fcretimi durdurmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamas\u0131 gerekir. Grev \u00fcretimi durdurma amac\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fck […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":709,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[789,788,367],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3865","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-murat-ozveri","category-69-sayi-guz-2025","category-emek-mucadelesi"],"yoast_head":"\nT\u00fcrk Hukukunda Grev ve Grev Yasaklar\u0131<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2025\/10\/17\/turk-hukukunda-grev-ve-grev-yasaklari\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"en_EN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u00fcrk Hukukunda Grev ve Grev Yasaklar\u0131\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Murat \u00d6zveri[1] 1. Grev Hakk\u0131 En geni\u015f anlamda grev, birden fazla i\u015f\u00e7inin kendi aralar\u0131nda anla\u015farak veya bir sendika \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda sendikan\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 karara uyarak \u00fcretimi durdurmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bir eylemin s\u0131radan bir i\u015f b\u0131rakmadan farkl\u0131 olarak grev say\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in sadece i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmama haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmalar\u0131 yetmez. Ayr\u0131ca i\u015fyerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 da durdurmaya d\u00f6n\u00fck olmas\u0131, i\u015fyerinde \u00fcretimi durdurmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamas\u0131 gerekir. 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Grev Hakk\u0131 En geni\u015f anlamda grev, birden fazla i\u015f\u00e7inin kendi aralar\u0131nda anla\u015farak veya bir sendika \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda sendikan\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 karara uyarak \u00fcretimi durdurmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bir eylemin s\u0131radan bir i\u015f b\u0131rakmadan farkl\u0131 olarak grev say\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in sadece i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmama haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmalar\u0131 yetmez. Ayr\u0131ca i\u015fyerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 da durdurmaya d\u00f6n\u00fck olmas\u0131, i\u015fyerinde \u00fcretimi durdurmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamas\u0131 gerekir. 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