{"id":3620,"date":"2024-03-04T21:29:54","date_gmt":"2024-03-04T18:29:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/?p=3620"},"modified":"2024-03-04T21:29:54","modified_gmt":"2024-03-04T18:29:54","slug":"tam-otomatik-isletme-ve-arti-deger","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2024\/03\/04\/tam-otomatik-isletme-ve-arti-deger\/","title":{"rendered":"Tam Otomatik \u0130\u015fletme ve Art\u0131-De\u011fer"},"content":{"rendered":"

Arif Ko\u015far<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dijitalle\u015fme ve yapay zeka alan\u0131ndaki geli\u015fmelerle i\u015fletme baz\u0131nda tam otomasyon<\/em> \u00f6rnekleri art\u0131yor. \u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda daha da artmas\u0131 muhtemel.<\/p>\n

Tam otomatik i\u015fletmelerde -en az\u0131ndan teorik olarak- insan m\u00fcdahalesi yok. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i istihdam edilmedi\u011finden \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131 a\u00e7maya gerek kalm\u0131yor ve bu nedenle karanl\u0131k fabrika<\/em> olarak an\u0131l\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n

En \u00fcnl\u00fc karanl\u0131k i\u015fletmelerden biri Japonya\u2019da faaliyet g\u00f6steren Fanuc tesisleri. Fabrikada robotlar CNC tak\u0131m tezgah\u0131 gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli makineleri \u00fcretiyor. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin sadece rutin bak\u0131m ya da bir sorun \u00e7\u0131kma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle i\u015fyerinde bulundu\u011fu tesis, ayl\u0131k bak\u0131m i\u00e7in verilen aralar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kesintisiz 25 g\u00fcn \u00fcretim yap\u0131yor.[1]<\/a> \u00c7ek yazar Karel Kapek, 1920 y\u0131l\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Rossum\u2019un Evrensel Robotlar\u0131<\/em> isimli oyunda benzer bir durumunun hayalini kurmu\u015ftu. Robot \u00fcreten robotlar.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

Kapek, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, makineler dev ad\u0131mlarla hayat\u0131 i\u015fgal ederken, insan-makine ili\u015fkisini \u00e7e\u015fitli boyutlar\u0131yla sorguluyordu. Fanuc\u2019un bununla pek de ilgilendi\u011fini sanm\u0131yoruz. Onlar i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli olan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecinden neredeyse tamamen \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ve bunun sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 faydalar. Ba\u015fta verimlilik. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, robotlar yorulmak bilmeden, kesintisiz \u015fekilde, g\u00fcn\u00fcn 24 saati \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Elbette bak\u0131m masraflar\u0131 var, ancak hi\u00e7bir zaman \u00fccret zamm\u0131 talep etmiyorlar. Herhangi bir \u015fikayetleri yok. Hastalanm\u0131yor ya da y\u0131ll\u0131k izne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131yorlar. Sendikalara \u00fcye olup s\u00f6z hakk\u0131 da istemiyorlar. Kapek\u2019in, bir bak\u0131ma distopik hikayesi, Fanuc patronlar\u0131 i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a k\u00e2rl\u0131 bir \u00fctopya anlam\u0131na geliyor. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ama patronlar\u0131n zenginlik i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kapitalist \u00fctopya\u2026 Aristotales\u2019in Politika<\/em>\u2019da kurdu\u011fu hayal adeta ger\u00e7ek olmu\u015ftu: \u201c\u2026 dokuma tezg\u00e2h\u0131n\u0131n meki\u011fi kendili\u011finden gidip gelse, lirin m\u0131zrab\u0131 kendili\u011finden \u00e7alsayd\u0131, o zaman ne yap\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iye gereksinmesi olurdu ne de efendilerin k\u00f6leye<\/em>.\u201d[3]<\/a><\/p>\n

Fanuc d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da tam otomatik ya da buna yak\u0131n i\u015fletmeler var. Hollanda’da elektrikli t\u0131ra\u015f makineleri \u00fcreten Philips fabrikas\u0131nda birka\u00e7 kalite uzman\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7i yok. Alman Stihl\u2019nin Virginia Beach\u2019te kaynak, per\u00e7inleme, boyama ve paketleme i\u015flemlerinin ba\u015ftan sona otomatikle\u015ftirildi\u011fi motorlu testere \u00fcretim tesisi var.[4]<\/a> Constellation Brands’\u0131n Meksika’daki bira fabrikas\u0131nda vardiya ba\u015f\u0131na sadece 6 i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n

Karanl\u0131k i\u015fletmelerin say\u0131s\u0131 bug\u00fcn i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a az. Buna ra\u011fmen baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli sorular\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getiriyor. Mesela, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ekonomik faaliyet i\u00e7indeki rol\u00fc ne olacak? \u0130\u015flerin ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da \u00f6nemini yitirdi\u011fi bir d\u00fcnyaya do\u011fru mu ilerliyoruz? B\u00f6yle bir d\u00fcnyada toplumsal ili\u015fkiler hangi temelde kurulacak? Zenginli\u011fin \u00fcretimi ve payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecek? Marksistler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ayr\u0131ca \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan sorular da var. Kendisini liberal demokrat olarak tan\u0131mlayan tarih\u00e7i Yuval Noah Harari\u2019nin 21. Y\u00fczy\u0131l \u0130\u00e7in 21 Ders <\/em>kitab\u0131nda sordu\u011fu soru bunlardan biri: \u201c\u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 olmadan i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 devrimi nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilir?<\/em>\u201d[6]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Burada dile getirdi\u011fimiz birka\u00e7 soru bile konunun \u00e7ok boyutlu oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in yeterli. Teknoloji, bir yandan kapitalist \u00fcretim tarz\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde \u00fcretiliyor, \u00f6te yandan toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 ciddi bir bi\u00e7imde etkiliyor, de\u011fi\u015fime zorluyor. Dijitalle\u015fmeyle, ya\u015fam adeta dijital bir formda yeniden varl\u0131k kazan\u0131yor. \u0130\u015f ili\u015fkileri, \u00fcretim, ticaret, k\u00fclt\u00fcr, bo\u015f zaman pratikleri az ya da \u00e7ok dijitalle\u015fmeden nasibini al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Konu \u00e7ok boyutlu olmakla birlikte biz bu makalede sadece bir boyutun \u00fczerinde duraca\u011f\u0131z. Ele alaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z temel soru \u015fu: Marksist emek de\u011fer teorisi uyar\u0131nca, karanl\u0131k i\u015fletmelerde art\u0131-de\u011fer \u00fcretilmiyorsa kapitalistin k\u00e2r\u0131 nereden gelmektedir? Bununla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak, gelecekte, i\u015f\u00e7isiz fabrikalar\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131yla kapitalizm kendili\u011finden bir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015fle mi kar\u015f\u0131la\u015facakt\u0131r? Bu sorular, \u00f6zellikle ikincisi, farkl\u0131 iktisadi yakla\u015f\u0131mlar i\u00e7in de tart\u0131\u015fma konusudur. Bununla birlikte otomasyonun yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131yla i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmekte oldu\u011fu, art\u0131-de\u011fer \u00fcretiminin azald\u0131\u011f\u0131, kapitalizmin i\u015fe dayal\u0131 temellerinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve bir t\u00fcr kendili\u011finden \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015fe gitti\u011fi sosyalistler ya da sosyalizme ilgi duyanlar aras\u0131nda yayg\u0131n bir yan\u0131lg\u0131 olarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Art\u0131-de\u011ferin payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130lk sorudan ba\u015flayal\u0131m:<\/p>\n

Emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u00fcdahalesinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fletmelerde art\u0131-de\u011fer \u00fcretilir mi?<\/p>\n

Hay\u0131r. Art\u0131-de\u011fer sadece canl\u0131 emek g\u00fcc\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan mal ya da hizmet \u00fcretimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00fcretilir. Kapitalist \u00fcretim tarz\u0131nda, \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda, para sermaye (P) ile \u00f6nce \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ve hammadde al\u0131n\u0131r, ard\u0131ndan emek g\u00fcc\u00fc istihdam edilir. Bu a\u015famada para sermaye (P) meta sermayeye (M) d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (P-M). Meta sermayenin belirli bir organizasyonla i\u015fletilmesi sonucu yeni bir meta (M\u2019) \u00fcretilir (M\u2026M\u2019). Bu yeni meta y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 (M\u2019) sermayenin satmak i\u00e7in \u00fcretti\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Art\u0131-de\u011fer \u00fcretim a\u015famas\u0131nda (M\u2026M\u2019) \u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. \u00dcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ve hammadde kendi de\u011ferini do\u011frudan metaya aktar\u0131rken emek g\u00fcc\u00fc kendi de\u011ferinden (pratikte \u00fccretinden) daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 metaya aktar\u0131r.[7]<\/a> Emek g\u00fcc\u00fc \u00f6rne\u011fin d\u00f6rt saatte kendi de\u011ferine e\u015f de\u011fer bir \u00fcretim yaparken, sekiz saat \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda d\u00f6rt saatlik bir fazlal\u0131k<\/em> \u00fcretmi\u015f olur ve bu fazlal\u0131k art\u0131-de\u011fer<\/em> olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. \u00dcretilen metan\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finde meta yeniden paraya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (M\u2019-P\u2019). Elde edilen son para (P\u2019), ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta yat\u0131r\u0131lan para sermayeden (P) fazlad\u0131r. Zaten kapitalist \u00fcretim tarz\u0131nda sermaye yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131 bu fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131, yani art\u0131-de\u011feri<\/em> elde etmektir.[8]<\/a><\/p>\n

P-M\u2026M\u2019-P\u2019 olarak ifade edebilece\u011fimiz sermaye devresinde, art\u0131-de\u011fer sadece \u00fcretim (M\u2026M\u2019) a\u015famas\u0131nda \u00fcretilir. Emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn dahil olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, makine ya da robotlar\u0131n t\u00fcm \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi ko\u015fullarda art\u0131-de\u011fer \u00fcretilmez.<\/p>\n

O zaman \u015fu soruyu sormam\u0131z gerekir: E\u011fer karanl\u0131k i\u015fletmede art\u0131-de\u011fer \u00fcretilmiyorsa, kapitalist, art\u0131-de\u011ferin formlar\u0131ndan birini, yani k\u00e2r\u0131 nas\u0131l elde etmektedir?<\/p>\n

\u0130lgin\u00e7, hatta \u00e7eli\u015fki gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen bu durum, asl\u0131nda kapitalist \u00fcretim tarz\u0131nda tipiktir. Kafa kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n nedenlerinden biri, analizin genellikle Kapital\u2019in birinci cildiyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 tutulmas\u0131d\u0131r. Marx, Kapital\u2019de art\u0131-de\u011ferin \u00fcretimi ve el konulmas\u0131n\u0131, buradan kalkarak kapitalizmin temel yasalar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klarken konuyu ad\u0131m ad\u0131m ilerletmi\u015ftir: Soyuttan somuta\u2026 Somut ve g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr i\u015fleyi\u015fe gelirken, bu ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin olu\u015f mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcksek bir soyutlama d\u00fczeyinden ba\u015flayarak a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Soyut ve bulan\u0131k resmi ad\u0131m ad\u0131m somut ili\u015fkiler olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncede yeniden in\u015fa etmi\u015ftir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, ilk cildin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, t\u00fcm sekt\u00f6rlerde de\u011fi\u015fen ve de\u011fi\u015fmeyen sermaye[9]<\/a> oran\u0131n\u0131n (sermayenin organik bile\u015fiminin) ayn\u0131 oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnyada bu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Kapital\u2019in \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc cildinde bu soyutlaman\u0131n \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f, farkl\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerde sermayelerin farkl\u0131 organik bile\u015fimlerinin oldu\u011fu ko\u015fullar analiz edilmi\u015ftir. Bu dahi, hen\u00fcz tam olarak ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya de\u011fildir. Ancak art\u0131-de\u011ferden art\u0131-de\u011ferin somut formlar\u0131ndan birisi olan k\u00e2r\u0131n olu\u015fumuna ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f, ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnyaya biraz daha yakla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Marx, hen\u00fcz Kapital\u2019in birinci cildinde, art\u0131-de\u011ferin \u00fcretimi ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesinin -ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 ama- ayr\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7ler oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tart\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir. Art\u0131-de\u011fer, metan\u0131n \u00fcretimi (M\u2026M\u2019) a\u015famas\u0131nda \u00fcretiliyor olsa bile art\u0131-de\u011ferin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi ancak metan\u0131n sat\u0131lmas\u0131yla (M\u2019-P\u2019) m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Sat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece kapitalistin elinde anlams\u0131z -ve de\u011fersiz- bir meta y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olarak kalacakt\u0131r. Ancak piyasada sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, metalarda i\u00e7erilen art\u0131-de\u011fer varl\u0131k kazanabilir ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f olur.[10]<\/a><\/p>\n

E\u011fer, art\u0131-de\u011fer i\u015fletme baz\u0131nda \u00fcretilmekle kalmay\u0131p i\u015fletme baz\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fseydi, yani her kapitalist kendi i\u015fletmesinde \u00fcretilen art\u0131-de\u011fere el koysayd\u0131, emek yo\u011fun bir sekt\u00f6rde yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmak \u00e7ok daha k\u00e2rl\u0131 olurdu. Bir \u00f6rnekle a\u00e7\u0131klayal\u0131m:<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6zel okul zincirinde 10 milyon dolarl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fmeyen sermaye yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda toplamda 10 milyon dolar \u00fccret alan 1000 i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 varsayal\u0131m. Otomobil i\u015fletmesinde ise 100 milyon dolarl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fmeyen sermaye yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yine toplamda 10 milyon dolar \u00fccret alan 1000 i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclelim. G\u00f6r\u00fclebilece\u011fi \u00fczere e\u011fitim sekt\u00f6r\u00fc emek yo\u011fun, otomotiv sekt\u00f6r\u00fc sermaye yo\u011fundur. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin ayn\u0131 s\u00fcre, \u00f6rne\u011fin metaya kendi \u00fccretlerinin iki kat\u0131 de\u011fer katacak kadar \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, iki i\u015fletmede de \u00fcretilen art\u0131-de\u011fer 10 milyon dolar olacakt\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece toplamda 20 milyon dolar yat\u0131r\u0131m yapan \u00f6zel okul kapitalistinin k\u00e2r oran\u0131 %50, toplamda 110 milyon dolarl\u0131k yat\u0131r\u0131m yapan otomobil kapitalistinin k\u00e2r oran\u0131 %9,1\u2019dir.<\/p>\n

Elbette %50 k\u00e2r elde etmek varken hi\u00e7bir kapitalist %9,1\u2019lik k\u00e2r oran\u0131n\u0131 tercih etmez. Kapitalistler \u00f6zel okul a\u00e7ma yar\u0131\u015f\u0131na girer. Ancak talebin \u00f6tesinde okul a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte k\u00e2r oranlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmeye ba\u015flar. \u00d6yle ki, y\u00fcksek k\u00e2rl\u0131 d\u00f6nemde yap\u0131lan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar sonucu bu i\u015fletmelerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc iflas eder. Sermaye yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n sekt\u00f6rler aras\u0131ndaki hareketi[11]<\/a> ile zamanla bir ortalama k\u00e2r oran\u0131<\/em> olu\u015fur.[12]<\/a><\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da verdi\u011fimiz iki i\u015fletmeli \u00f6rnekte ortalama k\u00e2r oran\u0131 %15,4\u2019t\u00fcr. Her iki i\u015fletme de \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc (burada e\u011fitim hizmeti ve otomobil) yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sermaye yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne ortalama orana yak\u0131n bir k\u00e2r ekleyerek satmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece \u00f6zel okul sahibi kapitalist e\u011fitim hizmeti metas\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f\u0131yla 3,1 milyon dolar k\u00e2r ederek i\u015fletmesinde \u00fcretilen art\u0131-de\u011ferden \u00e7ok daha az, otomobil fabrikas\u0131 sahibi ise 16,9 milyon dolarla kendi fabrikas\u0131nda \u00fcretilenden \u00e7ok daha fazla art\u0131-de\u011fere el koymu\u015f olur. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere ortalama k\u00e2r oran\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan mekanizma ile kapitalistler do\u011frudan istihdam etti\u011fi i\u015f\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilen art\u0131-de\u011fere el koyamaz ya da bununla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmaz. \u00a0Toplum genelinde \u00fcretilen art\u0131-de\u011fer kapitalistler aras\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli bi\u00e7imlerde, \u00f6ncelikle ortalama k\u00e2r oran\u0131 temelinde payla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.[13]<\/a><\/p>\n

Art\u0131-de\u011ferin \u00fcretilmesi ile piyasada ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi aras\u0131ndaki bu kopukluk her kapitalisti istihdam etti\u011fi i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00fcretti\u011fi art\u0131-de\u011ferden daha fazlas\u0131na el koyma aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na girer. Ayr\u0131ca \u00fcretken olmayan sekt\u00f6rlerde faaliyet s\u00fcrd\u00fcren kapitalistler de ba\u015fka i\u015fletmelerdeki i\u015f\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilen art\u0131-de\u011fere el koyma olana\u011f\u0131na kavu\u015furlar. Finans sekt\u00f6r\u00fc bunun tipik bir \u00f6rne\u011fidir. Art\u0131-de\u011fer \u00fcretilmemesine ra\u011fmen finansal \u015firketler \u00fcretken alanda \u00fcretilen art\u0131-de\u011ferin bir k\u0131sm\u0131na el koyar. Ticaret ve finans kapitalist \u00fcretim tarz\u0131n\u0131n olmazsa olmaz alanlar\u0131d\u0131r, ancak, bu alanlardaki faaliyet toplumun toplam \u00fcretimine\/zenginli\u011fine bir katk\u0131da bulunmaz. Ayn\u0131 meta onlarca kez el de\u011fi\u015ftirse de sonu\u00e7ta elde ayn\u0131 meta vard\u0131r. Ancak, her el de\u011fi\u015ftirmede arac\u0131 olan kapitalistler bir k\u00e2r elde eder. Bu k\u00e2r\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 yeni bir de\u011fer\/zenginlik yarat\u0131m\u0131 de\u011fil, toplumun ba\u015fka bir alan\u0131nda \u00fcretilmi\u015f olan de\u011ferin piyasa mekanizmas\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kazan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte, karanl\u0131k fabrika sahibi kapitalistin k\u00e2r\u0131, art\u0131-de\u011ferin \u00fcretimi ile piyasada ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi aras\u0131ndaki bu ikilikten kaynaklan\u0131r. Karanl\u0131k fabrikada art\u0131-de\u011fer \u00fcretilmemekle birlikte, kapitalist, metas\u0131n\u0131 maliyetinin \u00fczerine en az\u0131ndan ortalama bir k\u00e2r ekleyerek piyasaya s\u00fcrer. Elde etti\u011fi k\u00e2r\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131, toplum genelinde ba\u015fka i\u015fletmelerdeki i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00fcretti\u011fi art\u0131-de\u011ferdir. T\u0131pk\u0131 az say\u0131da i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran Twitter, Facebook, Apple gibi tekellerin \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir art\u0131-de\u011fer kitlesine el koymas\u0131, hisse senedi sahiplerinin hisse fiyatlar\u0131ndaki radikal art\u0131\u015flarla finansal k\u00e2r elde etmesi, bankalar\u0131n \u00fcretken faaliyetleri olmaks\u0131z\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00e2rlar elde etmesi, toprak ya da konut sahiplerinin rant bi\u00e7imde art\u0131-de\u011fere el koymas\u0131 gibi karanl\u0131k i\u015fletme sahipleri de belirli bir art\u0131-de\u011fer kitlesine piyasadaki ticaret arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sahip olurlar. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir durum de\u011fil kapitalist \u00fcretim tarz\u0131nda tipik oland\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kendili\u011finden \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015fe do\u011fru mu?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Burada do\u011frudan konumuz olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen baz\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f anlamalar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan birka\u00e7 noktan\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmekte fayda var.<\/p>\n

\u00d6ncelikle, karanl\u0131k fabrika deneyimleri, zaten a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fu \u00fczere, kapitalistin k\u00e2r etmemesi anlam\u0131na gelmiyor. B\u00f6yle olsayd\u0131, hi\u00e7bir kapitalist i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131p verimlili\u011fi artt\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmazd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Peki, karanl\u0131k i\u015fletme \u00f6rneklerinin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131, \u00fcretimin giderek tam otomatik hale gelmesi ve i\u015fin ortadan kalkmas\u0131yla i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmesi gibi bir durum s\u00f6z konusu olabilir mi? Bu sorunun art\u0131-de\u011fer tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla ilgisi \u015fu: Bu varsay\u0131mla hareket edildi\u011finde, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmesiyle \u00fcretilen toplam art\u0131-de\u011fer miktar\u0131 azalacak ve \u015firketlerin yeterli k\u00e2r etmesi giderek imkans\u0131z hale gelecektir. Art\u0131-de\u011fer \u00fcretiminin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u201ckapitalizm\u201d, kapitalizmin kendili\u011finden \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n

Bu arg\u00fcman\u0131n do\u011fru gibi g\u00f6z\u00fcken bir yan\u0131 vard\u0131r ama hatal\u0131 bir varsay\u0131ma dayan\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc fikri geli\u015fen teknolojilerin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yan\u0131lsamad\u0131r. Dahas\u0131, genel sa\u011fduyuya uygun bir yan\u0131lsamad\u0131r. Burjuva d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerin teknolojinin her \u015feye kadir oldu\u011fu ve eme\u011fin \u00f6nemini giderek yitirdi\u011fi bi\u00e7imindeki yayg\u0131n propagandayla da \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Ancak, kapitalist \u00fcretim tarz\u0131n\u0131n genel e\u011filimleri sa\u011fduyuya pek uygun i\u015flemez. Teknolojik geli\u015fmeler beklentinin aksine yeni i\u015fler ve sekt\u00f6rlerin yarat\u0131lmas\u0131 bi\u00e7iminde i\u015flevsel olmaktad\u0131r. Sermayenin birikim zorunlulu\u011fu i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n -finansalla\u015fma ve otomasyon e\u011filimine ra\u011fmen- b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini ko\u015fullamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Teknolojik geli\u015fmeler ve otomasyondaki art\u0131\u015f tek tek i\u015fyerlerinde \u00e7o\u011fu zaman i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131nda oransal ve kimi zaman niceliksel bir d\u00fc\u015fmeye neden olur. \u0130\u015f\u00e7isiz ya da ge\u00e7mi\u015fe k\u0131yasla i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n olduk\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u015fletme \u00f6rnekleri saymakla bitmez. Bununla birlikte, toplamda i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131 azalmak bir yana kuvvetli bir art\u0131\u015f halinde. Demografik kriz nedeniyle bunun istisnas\u0131 say\u0131labilecek Almanya, Japonya gibi \u00fclkeler var ancak bu \u00fclkelerde hem i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131 yava\u015f olsa da art\u0131\u015fta hem de i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck problem olarak ifade edilmektedir. Bu istisnalar bir yana tek tek \u00fclkelerde ve toplamda d\u00fcnya genelinde i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131nda alabildi\u011fine h\u0131zl\u0131 bir art\u0131\u015f s\u00f6z konusu. 1991 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnya genelinde \u00fccretli ve maa\u015fl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 1 milyar civar\u0131nda iken 2021\u2019de 1 milyar 750 milyonu a\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[14]<\/a> Ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na burada girmeyece\u011fiz bu durum, teknolojinin kapitalist ba\u011flamda ve sermaye birikiminin bir uzant\u0131s\u0131 olarak var olmas\u0131 ve kullan\u0131lmas\u0131yla ilgili. Kapitalist \u00fcretim tarz\u0131 bir yanda i\u015fletme ba\u015f\u0131na i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131rken, yeni i\u015fler, i\u015fletmeler, sekt\u00f6rler yaratmak ve yeni i\u015f\u00e7i kitlelerini kapitalist s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc girdab\u0131na \u00e7ekmek zorundad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla y\u00f6nelim i\u015f\u00e7isiz bir \u00fcretim ve kapitalizme do\u011fru de\u011fildir. Bu t\u00fcrden bir kapitalist \u00fctopya i\u015f\u00e7iler ve m\u00fccadeleleriyle u\u011fra\u015fmak durumunda kalan her kapitalistin r\u00fcyalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcslese de genel e\u011filim aksi y\u00f6ndedir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015fla \u00fcretilen art\u0131-de\u011fer kitlesi de b\u00fcy\u00fcyor. Bu tablo, art\u0131-de\u011fer yetersizli\u011fiyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 kendili\u011finden \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f varsay\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctmektedir.[15]<\/a><\/p>\n

Kendili\u011finden \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f arg\u00fcman\u0131na varmasa dahi kapitalizmin genel e\u011filimleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kritik bir boyut daha vard\u0131r: Otomasyondaki art\u0131\u015fla sermayenin organik bile\u015fimi y\u00fckselmekte, bu da i\u015f\u00e7i \u00fccretlerinin (de\u011fi\u015fen sermaye) toplam sermayeye oran\u0131nda azalmaya neden olmaktad\u0131r. Bunun sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biri toplam sermaye yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7ilere ayr\u0131lan pay\u0131n oransal olarak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmesi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00fcretilen art\u0131-de\u011ferin (mutlak olarak art\u0131yor olsa da) toplam sermayeye oranla azalmas\u0131d\u0131r.[16]<\/a> Bu da tek tek \u00fclkelerde ve d\u00fcnya genelinde g\u00f6zlenen k\u00e2r oranlar\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015fme e\u011filimini a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r.[17]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ancak, bu durum, yine kapitalizmin kendili\u011finden \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc anlam\u0131na gelmez. D\u00fcnyada \u00fccretli emek haline getirilememi\u015f ve neredeyse d\u00fcnya i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn yar\u0131s\u0131na denk gelen iki milyara yak\u0131n emek\u00e7i vard\u0131r. Buradan, art\u0131-de\u011fer \u00fcretimi ve k\u00e2r oranlar\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f bask\u0131lad\u0131k\u00e7a sermayenin emek\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131flara, onlar\u0131 m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirmek ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc oran\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmak \u00fczere \u00e7ok daha yo\u011fun bir sava\u015f a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 sonucuna varmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Son olarak tekrar vurgulamak gerekirse, teorik olarak tam otomasyonun egemen oldu\u011fu bir t\u00fcr kapitalizm hem art\u0131-de\u011fer \u00fcretimi hem de art\u0131-de\u011ferin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. \u00d6te yandan g\u00fcncel veriler de sermaye birikiminin uzant\u0131s\u0131 olarak otomasyonun i\u015fin tasfiye oldu\u011fu (mesela neo-feodal ya da post-kapitalist) bir topluma yol a\u00e7mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, aksine otomasyonun i\u015f\u00e7ile\u015fmeyle bir arada var oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Ve bu, mant\u0131ksal bir hata de\u011fil kapitalist \u00fcretim bi\u00e7iminin tipik sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biridir. Kapitalizm ba\u011flam\u0131nda otomasyon ve yapay zeka gibi ileri teknolojilerin kritik etkisi \u201ci\u015fin sonu\u201dnu getirmekten ziyade i\u015fin i\u00e7eri\u011fi, yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imi ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n bile\u015fiminde yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fimlerdir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Weber, A. (2019) \u201cLights-Out Automation: Fact or Fiction?\u201d Assembly<\/em>, https:\/\/www.assemblymag.com\/articles\/94982-lights-out-automation-fact-or-fiction?<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Capek, K. (2021) Rossum\u2019un Evrensel Robotlar\u0131<\/em>, \u00e7ev. A. Eylem, Notabene Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Aristoteles (1975) Politika, <\/em>\u00e7ev. M. Tuncay, Remzi Kitabevi, \u0130stanbul, sf. 12.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Weber, \u201cLights-Out Automation: Fact or Fiction?\u201d<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Tracy, P. (2016) \u201cLights out manufacturing and its impact on society\u201d, RCR Wireless News<\/em>, https:\/\/www.rcrwireless.com\/20160810\/internet-of-things\/lights-out-manufacturing-tag31-tag99<\/p>\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> Harari, N. H. (2018) 21. Y\u00fczy\u0131l \u0130\u00e7in 21 Ders<\/em>, \u00e7ev. S. Siral, \u0130stanbul: Kolektif Kitap, s. 49.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Marx, K. (2000) Kapital: Birinci Cilt<\/em>, \u00e7ev. A. Bilgi, 6. Bask\u0131, Sol Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, sf. 195.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Marx, Kapital: Birinci Cilt<\/em>, sf. 188.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> De\u011fi\u015fen sermaye<\/em> emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn de\u011feri kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ayr\u0131lan sermayedir. De\u011fi\u015fmeyen sermaye<\/em> ise \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131, hammadde ve enerjinin al\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan sermaye b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. Emek g\u00fcc\u00fc, i\u015f s\u00fcreci s\u0131ras\u0131nda kendi de\u011ferinden fazlas\u0131n\u0131 metaya katt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, emek g\u00fcc\u00fcne ayr\u0131lan sermaye de\u011fi\u015fen sermaye<\/em> olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> Marx, Kapital: Birinci Cilt<\/em>, sf. 168.<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> Elbette, sekt\u00f6rler aras\u0131nda ak\u0131\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z ve kurals\u0131z de\u011fildir. \u00d6rne\u011fin her kapitalist otomobil sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne yat\u0131r\u0131m yapamaz. Bunun i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sermaye birikimine sahip olmak gerekir. Ayr\u0131ca otomobil sekt\u00f6r\u00fc tekelci bir piyasad\u0131r ve yeni giri\u015flere b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kapal\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tekstil i\u015fletmecili\u011fi, bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yeni yat\u0131r\u0131mlara a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin maske sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve k\u00e2rlar patlama yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu alana yat\u0131r\u0131m pandemi d\u00f6neminde artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> Marx, K. (2003) Kapital: \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Cilt<\/em>, \u00e7ev. A. Bilgi, 4. Bask\u0131, Sol Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, sf. 176.<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> Marx, Kapital: \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Cilt<\/em>, sf. 186.<\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> Statista (2023) \u201cNumber of employees worldwide from 1991 to 2022\u201d, https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/1258612\/global-employment-figures\/<\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> Konunun bir de i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve burjuvazi aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadele, devlet ayg\u0131t\u0131 ve iktidar boyutlar\u0131 var. Makalenin i\u00e7eri\u011fini art\u0131-de\u011fer ba\u011flam\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in bu boyutlar\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na burada girmiyoruz.<\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> Marx, Kapital: \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Cilt<\/em>, sf. 189.<\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> D\u00fcnya genelinde ve \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerde d\u00fc\u015fen ortalama k\u00e2r oranlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n bir \u00f6zeti i\u00e7in bkz. Roberts, M. (2022) \u201cA world rate of profit: important new evidence\u201d, https:\/\/thenextrecession.wordpress.com\/2022\/01\/22\/a-world-rate-of-profit-important-new-evidence\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Arif Ko\u015far   Giri\u015f Dijitalle\u015fme ve yapay zeka alan\u0131ndaki geli\u015fmelerle i\u015fletme baz\u0131nda tam otomasyon \u00f6rnekleri art\u0131yor. \u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda daha da artmas\u0131 muhtemel. Tam otomatik i\u015fletmelerde -en az\u0131ndan teorik olarak- insan m\u00fcdahalesi yok. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i istihdam edilmedi\u011finden \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131 a\u00e7maya gerek kalm\u0131yor ve bu nedenle karanl\u0131k fabrika olarak an\u0131l\u0131yorlar. En \u00fcnl\u00fc karanl\u0131k i\u015fletmelerden biri Japonya\u2019da faaliyet g\u00f6steren Fanuc tesisleri. Fabrikada robotlar CNC tak\u0131m […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3621,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[629,565,291],"tags":[702,703,704,705,617],"class_list":["post-3620","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-62-sayi-kis-2023-2024","category-politik-ekonomi","category-arif-kosar","tag-arti-deger","tag-tam-otomasyon","tag-karanlik-isletme","tag-tam-otomatik-isletme","tag-otomasyon"],"yoast_head":"\nTam Otomatik \u0130\u015fletme ve Art\u0131-De\u011fer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2024\/03\/04\/tam-otomatik-isletme-ve-arti-deger\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"en_EN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tam Otomatik \u0130\u015fletme ve Art\u0131-De\u011fer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Arif Ko\u015far   Giri\u015f Dijitalle\u015fme ve yapay zeka alan\u0131ndaki geli\u015fmelerle i\u015fletme baz\u0131nda tam otomasyon \u00f6rnekleri art\u0131yor. \u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda daha da artmas\u0131 muhtemel. Tam otomatik i\u015fletmelerde -en az\u0131ndan teorik olarak- insan m\u00fcdahalesi yok. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i istihdam edilmedi\u011finden \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131 a\u00e7maya gerek kalm\u0131yor ve bu nedenle karanl\u0131k fabrika olarak an\u0131l\u0131yorlar. En \u00fcnl\u00fc karanl\u0131k i\u015fletmelerden biri Japonya\u2019da faaliyet g\u00f6steren Fanuc tesisleri. 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Tam otomatik i\u015fletmelerde -en az\u0131ndan teorik olarak- insan m\u00fcdahalesi yok. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i istihdam edilmedi\u011finden \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131 a\u00e7maya gerek kalm\u0131yor ve bu nedenle karanl\u0131k fabrika olarak an\u0131l\u0131yorlar. En \u00fcnl\u00fc karanl\u0131k i\u015fletmelerden biri Japonya\u2019da faaliyet g\u00f6steren Fanuc tesisleri. Fabrikada robotlar CNC tak\u0131m […]","og_url":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2024\/03\/04\/tam-otomatik-isletme-ve-arti-deger\/","og_site_name":"Teori ve Eylem","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/teoriveeylem\/","article_published_time":"2024-03-04T18:29:54+00:00","og_image":[{"width":800,"height":636,"url":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/10_Arif-Kosar2.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@teoriveeylem","twitter_site":"@teoriveeylem","twitter_misc":{"Yazan:":false,"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi":"15 dakika"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2024\/03\/04\/tam-otomatik-isletme-ve-arti-deger\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2024\/03\/04\/tam-otomatik-isletme-ve-arti-deger\/"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/413054853585ad4d138f2f331dfd177c"},"headline":"Tam Otomatik \u0130\u015fletme ve Art\u0131-De\u011fer","datePublished":"2024-03-04T18:29:54+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2024\/03\/04\/tam-otomatik-isletme-ve-arti-deger\/"},"wordCount":3530,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2024\/03\/04\/tam-otomatik-isletme-ve-arti-deger\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/10_Arif-Kosar2.jpg","keywords":["art\u0131-de\u011fer","tam otomasyon","karanl\u0131k i\u015fletme","tam otomatik i\u015fletme","otomasyon"],"articleSection":["62. 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