{"id":3578,"date":"2023-11-27T22:12:04","date_gmt":"2023-11-27T19:12:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/?p=3578"},"modified":"2023-11-27T22:12:04","modified_gmt":"2023-11-27T19:12:04","slug":"emeklilik-reformuna-karsi-guclu-bir-emek-hareketi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2023\/11\/27\/emeklilik-reformuna-karsi-guclu-bir-emek-hareketi\/","title":{"rendered":"Emeklilik reformuna kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir emek hareketi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Fransa \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Kom\u00fcnist Partisi<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Hareketin k\u00f6kleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ocak 2023\u2019ten Haziran ay\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na kadar, grevler ve g\u00f6sterilerden olu\u015fan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir i\u015f\u00e7i ve halk hareketi Fransa\u2019y\u0131 sarst\u0131. 6 Haziran\u2019daki grev ve g\u00f6steri g\u00fcn\u00fc, Macron h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin emeklilik ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 iki y\u0131l geri \u00e7ekme niyetini protesto eden bu b\u00fcy\u00fck hareketin sonu gibi g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Kovid salg\u0131n\u0131ndan sonra, \u00f6zellikle 2021 sonbahar\u0131ndan itibaren ekonomik faaliyetlerin yeniden ba\u015flamas\u0131yla \u00fclke genelinde maa\u015f art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7in grev hareketleri geli\u015fti. Stellantis (otomotiv, eski ad\u0131yla PSA), ExxonMobil, TotalEnergies, RATP (Paris ula\u015f\u0131m), Sanofi (ila\u00e7) gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketlerden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletmelere kadar ve \u00f6zellikle ta\u015feronlarda da grevler ya\u015fand\u0131. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Ukrayna\u2019ya sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan gelen sava\u015f\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 enflasyon, bu grev hareketlerini daha da g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi. Ocak\u2019tan Haziran 2022\u2019ye kadar s\u00fcren uzun se\u00e7im d\u00f6nemi (cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve genel se\u00e7imler) bu grevleri frenleyemedi. Bu grevler birbirlerine paralel olarak y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc, birbirlerini te\u015fvik etti; ancak maalesef genel greve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015femedi. Sendikalar\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131yla d\u00fczenlenen grev ve g\u00f6steri g\u00fcnlerinde, \u00f6zellikle 29 Eyl\u00fcl 2022\u2019de oldu\u011fu gibi, bir\u00e7ok insan \u00fccret art\u0131\u015f\u0131 talebiyle sokaklara \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, h\u00fck\u00fcmet \u00e7ok daha k\u00f6t\u00fc ko\u015fullarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p az gelir elde etmenin yolunu a\u00e7an yeni bir i\u015fsizlik sigortas\u0131 \u201creformunu<\/em>\u201d hayata ge\u00e7iriyordu. Amac\u0131; i\u015fsizlik \u00f6dene\u011fi talep edenlerin \u00fcretilen zenginliklerden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 pay\u0131 azaltmak ve ayn\u0131 zamanda i\u015fsizleri \u00f6deneklerinin kesilme tehdidi alt\u0131nda her bir i\u015fi kabul etmeye zorlayarak \u201cgerilimli meslekler<\/em>\u201d alanlar\u0131na i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc sa\u011flamakt\u0131. Ayn\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7te bu belirsizlik ortam\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle yoksul aileleri hedef alan kira politikas\u0131 \u201creformu<\/em>\u201d da \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, enflasyonun artar, ger\u00e7ek \u00fccretler ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sat\u0131n alma g\u00fcc\u00fc. giderek d\u00fc\u015ferken i\u015f\u00e7i kitlelerine y\u00f6nelik bir dizi sald\u0131r\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. CAC 40 \u015firketlerinin k\u00e2rlar\u0131 ise b\u00fcy\u00fck art\u0131\u015flar kaydetmi\u015fti (2021\u2019de %52\u2019lik art\u0131\u015f). Emeklilik reformu, barda\u011f\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131ran son damla oldu!<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hep birlikte \u201864 ya\u015f\u0131na hay\u0131r\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu ko\u015fullarda, 10 Ocak 2023\u2019te h\u00fck\u00fcmet, emeklilik \u201creformunu<\/em>\u201d duyurarak, emeklilik ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 62\u2019den 64\u2019e \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 ve tam oranl\u0131 emeklilik \u00fccreti alabilmek i\u00e7in gerekli \u00f6deme s\u00fcresini de uzatmay\u0131 planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Bu, 1993\u2019ten bu yana ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen 8. \u201creform<\/em>\u201ddu.<\/p>\n

Bir \u00f6nceki \u201creform<\/em>\u201d giri\u015fimi 2019 y\u0131l\u0131ndayd\u0131. Oligar\u015fi, sava\u015f sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemden ve Ulusal Kurtulu\u015f Konseyi (CNR) program\u0131ndan t\u00fcreyen emeklilik sisteminin terk edilmesini ve dayan\u0131\u015fma temelli nesiller aras\u0131 sistem yerine puan sisteminin getirilmesini talep ediyordu. Bu \u201creform<\/em>\u201d projesi, \u00f6ncelikle CFDT\u2019nin destekledi\u011fi, ancak duyuruldu\u011fu andan itibaren \u00f6zellikle ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde sert tepkilerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fan ve \u00fclkenin grevlerle sars\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir projeydi. Kovid salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n durdurdu\u011fu giri\u015fimi sonu\u00e7suz kald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ancak Macron ve h\u00fck\u00fcmeti bu reformdan vazge\u00e7medi. Bu nedenle, Ocak 2023\u2019te tekrar g\u00fcndeme getirildi. Bu reformun duyurulmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, i\u015f\u00e7i ve memur sendikalar\u0131 (CFDT, CGT, FO, CFE-CGC, CFTC, Unsa, Solidaires, FSU), \u00f6\u011frenci sendikalar\u0131 ve gen\u00e7lik \u00f6rg\u00fctleri (Fage, Unef, Voix Lyc\u00e9enne, FIDL ve MNL), 19 Ocak\u2019ta \u201c64 Ya\u015f\u0131na Hay\u0131r<\/em>\u201d \u015fiar\u0131yla grev ve g\u00f6steri \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapt\u0131 ve herhangi bir pazarl\u0131\u011fa oturmay\u0131 kabul etmeden \u201creformun<\/em>\u201d geri \u00e7ekilmesini talep etti.<\/p>\n

Neredeyse her zaman h\u00fck\u00fcmetle m\u00fczakere etme ve uzla\u015fmaya varmay\u0131 kabul eden ve web sitesinde kendisini \u201cdiyalog ve m\u00fczakere yoluyla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulmay\u0131 tercih eden bir sendika<\/em>\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlayan CFDT, pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fiyi \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtacak \u015fekilde harekete kat\u0131ld\u0131.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

Bu ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc sendikal birlik, ger\u00e7ekte reforma kar\u015f\u0131 yo\u011fun bir reddin yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r; resmi istatistikler, zorunlu olarak aktif n\u00fcfusun %90\u2019\u0131n\u0131n bu \u201creforma<\/em>\u201d kar\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu kabul etmek zorunda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck Metropoller (Paris, Lyon, Marsilya, Lille, Bordeaux, Toulouse gibi) kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve orta \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u015fehirlerde de Ocak ortalar\u0131ndan 1 May\u0131s\u2019a kadar s\u00fcren g\u00f6sterilerde milyonlarca ki\u015fi soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Baz\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u015fehirlerde ise, ulusal eylem g\u00fcnlerinde n\u00fcfusun \u00e7eyre\u011fi sokaklarda bulu\u015ftu. Ve t\u00fcm g\u00f6zlemcilerin fark edip ortakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, g\u00f6steri ve grevlere ilk kez kat\u0131lan \u00e7ok say\u0131da grevci ve g\u00f6stericinin bulundu\u011fu oldu.<\/p>\n

6 Haziran\u2019daki g\u00f6steri, en az\u0131ndan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bi\u00e7imle, bu reforma kar\u015f\u0131 geli\u015fen hareketin sonunu i\u015faret etti. Ancak bu son, milyonlarca emek\u00e7inin bu reformu kabul etti\u011fi veya pes etti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmedi.<\/p>\n

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Bu kadar derin ve yayg\u0131n bir reddi nas\u0131l a\u00e7\u0131klamal\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da dile getirildi\u011fi gibi, \u00f6zellikle zenginlerle patronlar\u0131n cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak damgalanan Macron\u2019un son d\u00f6nem h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin i\u015f\u00e7ilere y\u00f6nelik olarak y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fckleri sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu birikiminin s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc ettik. Bu reform fazlas\u0131yla bir zorlama olarak alg\u0131land\u0131ysa, bunun nedeni her \u015feyden \u00f6nce, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fam, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ko\u015fullar\u0131 son y\u0131llarda ciddi \u015fekilde k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u201c\u0130ki y\u0131l daha \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rsak \u00f6l\u00fcr\u00fcz!<\/em>\u201d \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da bir\u00e7ok g\u00f6stericinin ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 pankartlarda yazan \u201c\u0130\u015f, metro, mezara, 2 y\u0131l daha hay\u0131r!<\/em>\u201d slogan\u0131 ba\u015fka nas\u0131l a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir?<\/p>\n

Kapitalist s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ara\u00e7la, \u00f6zellikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla g\u00fc\u00e7lendirildi. Bedenlerimizin fiziksel ve zihinsel a\u015f\u0131nma ve y\u0131pranmas\u0131, bir noktada \u201cart\u0131k yeter<\/em>\u201d demeye neden olur. Fransa\u2019daki verimlilik oran\u0131 (farkl\u0131 fakt\u00f6rlerin etkisiyle Kovid salg\u0131n\u0131ndan bu yana d\u00fc\u015fse de), OECD \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda en y\u00fckseklerindendir. \u0130\u015f kazalar\u0131, hatta \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fc kazalar, yayg\u0131nd\u0131r; sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ya\u015fam beklentisi azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir y\u00f6neticiyle bir i\u015f\u00e7inin ya\u015fam beklentisi aras\u0131ndaki fark 7 y\u0131ldan 10 y\u0131la \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bunlara, Macron\u2019un 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fcksek derecede riskli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan 10 kriterden 4\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc (a\u011f\u0131r y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131ma, zorlu duru\u015flar, mekanik titre\u015fime maruz kalma ve kimyasal ve toz ve duman gibi tehlikeli maddelere maruz kalma) kald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fini eklemek gerekiyor. Ancak, i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fin a\u011f\u0131r i\u015f olmas\u0131, tam oranl\u0131 emeklilik \u00fccretinin onaylanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan d\u00f6nem hesaplamas\u0131nda dikkate al\u0131nan unsurlardan biridir.<\/p>\n

Kovid salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n da, ya\u015fam\u0131n aniden kaybolabilece\u011fi fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131ran bir rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kesindir. Karantina, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n anlam\u0131n\u0131 ve ya\u015fam s\u00fcrecindeki yerinin sorgulanmas\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00fcndeme getirdi.<\/p>\n

Sa\u011fl\u0131k, e\u011fitim, ula\u015f\u0131m gibi hizmetlerin bozulmas\u0131, bu hizmetlerden yararlananlar\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. G\u00f6revlerini yerine getirme konusunda giderek daha az yetene\u011fe sahip olan g\u00f6revlilerse hor g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcp k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele g\u00f6r\u00fcyor, halka sunulan hizmet s\u00fcrekli olarak k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fti\u011fi i\u00e7in yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015fler anlam\u0131n\u0131 yitiriyor. Bu ko\u015fullarda iki y\u0131l daha \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 nas\u0131l kabul edebilirsiniz!<\/p>\n

Bu analiz temelinde, hareketin ifade ettiklerine dayanarak ve kapitalist sisteme kar\u015f\u0131 itiraz d\u00fczeyini y\u00fckseltme amac\u0131yla partimiz, \u201cHayatlar\u0131 \u00d6\u011f\u00fcten Kapitalizme, 2 Y\u0131l Daha Hay\u0131r!<\/em>\u201d slogan\u0131yla binlerce \u00e7\u0131kartma \u00fcretip da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131 ve bunun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

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Sahte, de\u011fi\u015fken ve yalan dolu arg\u00fcmanlar<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu kar\u015f\u0131-reform projesini sunarken, televizyonlarda ve radyo mikrofonlar\u0131nda s\u0131rayla yer alan h\u00fck\u00fcmetin bakanlar\u0131 farkl\u0131 arg\u00fcmanlar kullan\u0131p yalanlar s\u00f6ylediler. Macron, \u00f6nce bu \u201creformun<\/em>\u201d emeklilik fonlar\u0131n\u0131 tehlikeye atacak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde demografik de\u011fi\u015fim nedeniyle (\u00e7ok fazla emekli, yeterli say\u0131da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan yok) zorunlu oldu\u011funu ve gen\u00e7 neslin, ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n mevcut sistemden faydalan\u0131p avantajlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmalar\u0131na feda edilece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar gen\u00e7leri ya\u015fl\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtma amac\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu! Ba\u015fka bir d\u00f6nemde ise, bu \u201creformun<\/em>\u201d ba\u015fka sekt\u00f6rler i\u00e7in kaynak yaratmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti.<\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Bakan\u0131 ise, bu \u201creform<\/em>\u201dla y\u00fcz binlerce emekliye 1.200 avro br\u00fct emekli maa\u015f\u0131 verilece\u011fini iddia etti. Ancak bu iddiay\u0131 kan\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in gerekli olan ko\u015fullar\u0131n detaylar\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta duyurulan emekli say\u0131s\u0131 olarak 1 milyon 800 bin veya sonras\u0131nda d\u00fczeltilen rakamla 200 bin ki\u015finin de\u011fil, yaln\u0131zca 20 bin ki\u015finin bu haktan yararlanabilece\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131!<\/p>\n

Bu, di\u011fer t\u00fcm avantajlar\u0131na ku\u015fkuyla yakla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ve s\u00f6zde reformun itibars\u0131zla\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterliydi.<\/p>\n

Bir\u00e7ok ekonomist, sosyolog ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fcnyas\u0131 uzman\u0131 ise, en \u00e7ok m\u00fctevazi sosyo-mesleki kategorileri (en yoksullar\u0131n %25\u2019i emeklilik ya\u015f\u0131na ula\u015fmadan \u00f6l\u00fcyor) ve \u00f6zellikle kad\u0131nlar\u0131 olumsuz etkileyecek bu reformun adaletsizli\u011fini ortaya koydu. Par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f kariyerler, zorunlu yar\u0131 zamanl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, g\u00fcvencesiz i\u015fler, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maa\u015flar… hi\u00e7bir zaman hele tam oranl\u0131 emeklilik hakk\u0131 elde edemiyor ve emeklilik ya\u015f\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131nda[2]<\/a> yorgun ve komik emeklilik maa\u015flar\u0131 ile emekli olmak zorunda kal\u0131yorlar.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n

Baz\u0131lar\u0131, emeklilik sisteminin garantilenmesi i\u00e7in ba\u015fka \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler oldu\u011funu, \u00f6zellikle i\u015fveren katk\u0131 paylar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rman\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funu savunmak istedi, ancak h\u00fck\u00fcmet hemen \u201ci\u015f\u00e7ilik maliyetini art\u0131ramazs\u0131n\u0131z<\/em>\u201d yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 verdi!<\/p>\n

Ancak i\u015f\u00e7ilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu i\u00e7in, h\u00fck\u00fcmete bu reforma alternatif \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak kesinlikle s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildi. Muhalifler, hemen, \u201c64 ya\u015f\u0131na hay\u0131r<\/em>\u201d diyerek \u201creform<\/em>\u201dun geri \u00e7ekilmesi talebinde bulundu.<\/p>\n

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Ekonominin bloke edilmesi<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcmetin \u00fclkenin \u00f6fkesini dinlemeyi reddetmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, 7 Mart\u2019ta sendikalar aras\u0131 birlik grubu \u201cekonominin bloke edilmesi<\/em>\u201d \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu noktadan itibaren, grevler, ulusal seferberlik g\u00fcnlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn boyunca ve baz\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerde haftalar boyunca artarak devam etti. N\u00fckleer enerji dahil enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fc, ama \u00f6zellikle rafineriler ve akaryak\u0131t depolar\u0131 grev g\u00f6zc\u00fcleri taraf\u0131ndan bloke edildi. Elektri\u011fi i\u015fletmelere, kurumlara ve evlere da\u011f\u0131tan RTE (Elektrik Ta\u015f\u0131ma A\u011f\u0131) i\u015f\u00e7ileri, belirli \u015firketlere ve kurumlara y\u00f6nelik kesintilerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131 ve elektri\u011fi, elektrikten mahrum kalan kullan\u0131c\u0131lara geri verdi. SNCF tren i\u015f\u00e7ileri de birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn boyunca greve \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Liman i\u015f\u00e7ileri limanlar\u0131 bloke etti. Paris ve di\u011fer il kentlerinde \u00e7\u00f6p i\u015f\u00e7ileri ve \u00e7\u00f6p yakma tesislerindeki i\u015f\u00e7iler de birka\u00e7 hafta boyunca greve gitti. \u00d6zellikle ta\u015frada ta\u015f\u0131ma \u015firketlerindeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar, birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn greve gitti. Bunlar, \u201creform<\/em>\u201dun kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00f6zel emeklilik sistemlerine sahip sekt\u00f6rlerdi.<\/p>\n

Ekonomik faaliyet yer yer ciddi \u015fekilde sekteye u\u011framas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00fclke tam anlam\u0131yla kilitlenmedi. Bu durumu a\u00e7\u0131klayan birka\u00e7 etken bir araya gelmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

\u00d6ncelikle, CGT ve Solidaires\u2019in baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgeleri, hareketin ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren \u201cvekaleten grev yapmayacaklar\u0131n\u0131<\/em>\u201d beyan etti; bu, di\u011fer i\u015f\u00e7i ve maa\u015fl\u0131 sekt\u00f6rler de greve ba\u015flamadan stratejik sekt\u00f6rleri bloke etmeyecekleri anlam\u0131na geliyordu.<\/p>\n

Bir de \u00f6zel ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki i\u015fveren ve sendikalarla emekli maa\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n “\u00f6zel stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc” korumak i\u00e7in pazarl\u0131k yapan h\u00fck\u00fcmetin, bu stratejik sekt\u00f6rdeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n di\u011fer i\u015f\u00e7ilerle birlikte greve gitmesini engellemek i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 manevralar var. RATP\u2019in yeni lideri, eski Ba\u015fbakan Castex, hemen herkese 100 Euro zam verdi ve grevdeki bak\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7ileriyle ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin taleplerinin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketlerin CEO\u2019lar\u0131n\u0131n \u201cak\u0131ll\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u201d da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na greve gitme heveslerini k\u0131rmaya yetecek kadar \u00f6nemli ikramiye ya da \u00fccret art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131 (Stelantis’ten gelen 400 Euro’ya bak\u0131n\u0131z).<\/p>\n

Dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken ba\u015fka bir fakt\u00f6r ise, geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 sendikal birlik g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir te\u015fvik fakt\u00f6r\u00fc olurken, ayn\u0131 zamanda grevin genelle\u015fmesine kar\u015f\u0131 da i\u015flevselle\u015fti. 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde en b\u00fcy\u00fck sendika \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc haline gelen CFDT, grevlerin genelle\u015ftirilmesine net bir \u015fekilde kar\u015f\u0131 koydu. CFDT ile birlikte hareket etmeyi tercih eden CGT y\u00f6netimi, CFDT\u2019nin durumunu dikkate alarak, birli\u011fi tehlikeye atabilecek genel grev \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapmak istemedi.<\/p>\n

Ancak, yine de i\u015f\u00e7i kitlesinin genel greve ba\u015flamaya haz\u0131r oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek zor. Grevcilerle mali dayan\u0131\u015fma \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli olsa bile enflasyon seviyesinin grevin genelle\u015fmesi \u00fczerinde bir fren oldu\u011fu inkar edilemez.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

49\/3 d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 ve gen\u00e7li\u011fin harekete kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i kesimleri fabrikalar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgal eder ya da grev g\u00f6zc\u00fcleri \u00e7\u0131kararak greve gider, yerel sendikalar[4]<\/a> end\u00fcstri b\u00f6lgeleri etraf\u0131ndaki d\u00f6ner kav\u015faklar\u0131 bloke ederken, Ulusal Meclis ve Senato\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler devam ediyordu. H\u00fck\u00fcmet, oligar\u015finin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 garanti alt\u0131na almak ve korumak i\u00e7in \u015fekillendirilmi\u015f bir anayasan\u0131n t\u00fcm iplerini ve gereksinim duydu\u011fu reformlar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kullanacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcmet zaten yasama s\u00fcresini Meclis ve Senato\u2019da bir y\u0131l olarak k\u0131saltmas\u0131na izin veren bir prosed\u00fcr kullanmay\u0131 se\u00e7mi\u015fken, 16 Mart\u2019ta Ba\u015fbakan E. Borne, Anayasan\u0131n 49\/3. maddesini kullanarak, sorumlulu\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcmetin \u00fczerine alma karar\u0131 verdi.[5]<\/a> H\u00fck\u00fcmetin bu zorlamas\u0131, hareketin yeniden canlanmas\u0131na ve \u00f6zellikle gen\u00e7lerin harekete \u00e7ok daha kitlesel bir \u015fekilde kat\u0131lmas\u0131na neden oldu. Demokrasinin inkar\u0131 kabul edilmedi, protestoculara y\u00f6nelik bask\u0131larsa, gen\u00e7li\u011fi protesto hareketine kat\u0131lmaya te\u015fvik eden ikinci bir neden oldu.<\/p>\n

Gen\u00e7ler, kitlelerini, i\u015f\u00e7iler ve emek\u00e7i kitlelerin yan\u0131nda kendilerini hissediyorlar, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu \u201creformun<\/em>\u201d sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan etkilenenler ayn\u0131 zamanda onlar\u0131n anne ve babalar\u0131, hatta neneleriyle dedeleri. Ayr\u0131ca, \u00f6zellikle Kovid d\u00f6neminin maddi ve psikolojik y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131ndan bu yana, kendi maddi durumlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zla k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fmesinden dolay\u0131 da \u00f6fke duyuyorlar. \u00dcniversiteye giri\u015fte se\u00e7me s\u0131nav\u0131na girme zorunda kal\u0131yor, ge\u00e7ici i\u015flere ve g\u00fcvencesizli\u011fe mahkum ediliyorlar… \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerle birlikte toplumsal m\u00fccadeleye giri\u015fen bu binlerce gen\u00e7, ele\u015ftirilerini, sosyal adaletsizlikleri ve ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131yla b\u00fct\u00fcn toplumu ve gezegeni talan eden \u201csistemi<\/em>\u201d kapsayacak \u015fekilde geni\u015fletiyorlar\u2026<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Hareketin kazan\u0131mlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d6ne \u00e7\u0131kan \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6zellik (\u00fclkemizdeki \u00f6nceki sosyal hareketlerin sonundan kesin olarak ayr\u0131lan bir \u00f6zellik); \u201creformun<\/em>\u201d ge\u00e7mesine ve hareketin h\u00fck\u00fcmeti geri p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc bulamamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, yenilginin, y\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve pes etmenin s\u00f6z konusu olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r! 64 ya\u015f\u0131n reddi hala sa\u011flam bir \u015fekilde ayaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu, halk kamp\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fcnme olmadan, ihanet olmadan, birlikte, birle\u015fik, t\u00fcm nesiller bir arada elimizden geldi\u011fi kadar ileriye gitti\u011fimize dair genel duyguyla a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir. Kar\u015f\u0131 taraf ise, en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olanlard\u0131., Grev ve g\u00f6sterilere kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 art\u0131k\u00e7a, g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin nedenleri daha a\u00e7\u0131k hale geliyor: Bir devletleri, kendi ama\u00e7lar\u0131na hizmet eden bir anayasalar\u0131 ve hizmetlerinde bir polis g\u00fcc\u00fc var. \u0130\u015fte bu nedenle giderek g\u00fc\u00e7lenin bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce geli\u015fiyor: Bir sistemle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yay\u0131z.<\/p>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcmetin yasas\u0131n\u0131 parlamentodan ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in t\u00fcm anayasal hileleri kullanmas\u0131 nedeniyle, parlamento alan\u0131nda k\u00f6kl\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yapman\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 fikri de geli\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu sosyal hareketin bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli kazan\u0131m\u0131 da, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n yeni taburlar\u0131 ve geni\u015f halk kitlelerinin m\u00fccadeleye kat\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r ve bunun sonucunda sendikal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme b\u00fcy\u00fck bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. CGT, hareketin ard\u0131ndan 20 bin, CFDT 35 bin ve FO 10 bin yeni \u00fcye kaydettiklerini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131… Benzer e\u011filim sendikalar\u0131n y\u00f6netim kademelerinde ve profesyonellerinde de g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Kesin rakamlar ne olursa olsun, bu sendikal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme hareketi ger\u00e7ektir. Bu, i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 kolektif olarak savunmak i\u00e7in \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmenin gereklili\u011fi konusundaki bilincinin bir g\u00f6stergesidir.<\/p>\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu sosyal hareketin temel kazan\u0131mlar\u0131, bir yandan sendikal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmenin bir m\u00fccadele arac\u0131 olarak g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi ve di\u011fer yandan sosyal ve siyasi fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetin, kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na ve emek\u00e7i n\u00fcfusun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun iradesine kar\u015f\u0131 reformlar\u0131 dayatmak i\u00e7in orada olduklar\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7i ve halk kamp\u0131 i\u00e7in giderek daha a\u00e7\u0131k hale geliyor.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> 2021\u2019de %26,77\u2019lik \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fck oran\u0131yla CFDT, CGT\u2019nin (%22,96) \u00f6n\u00fcnde, \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc ilk s\u0131radaki sendikayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> \u0130\u015fsizlik, hastal\u0131k, sakatl\u0131k durumlar\u0131nda, i\u015f\u00e7i kad\u0131nlar\u0131n sadece %19\u2019u 67 ya\u015f\u0131na kadar kesintisiz tam oranl\u0131 emeklilik \u00fccretinden yararlanabiliyor.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> \u0130nsee\u2019ye g\u00f6re, 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00fclkelerinin t\u00fcm\u00fcnde, 65 ya\u015f ve \u00fcst\u00fc kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ortalama emeklilik \u00fccreti, erkek meslekta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortalama \u00fccretten %47 daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Yerel sendikalar, belirli bir co\u011frafi alanda i\u015fletmelerin sendikalar\u0131n\u0131 veya i\u015fyeri sendika b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini bir araya getiren temel sendika \u00f6rg\u00fctleridir.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Bir yasa tasar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n Ulusal Meclis taraf\u0131ndan oylama yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n kabul edilmesi i\u00e7in Ba\u015fbakan Anayasa’n\u0131n 49.3. maddesini harekete ge\u00e7irerek H\u00fck\u00fcmetin sorumlulu\u011funu \u00fcstlenebilir. Bu durumda, Millet Meclisi H\u00fck\u00fcmet aleyhine bir gensoru \u00f6nergesi vermezse tasar\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. Tersine, bir gensoru \u00f6nergesi verilirse, H\u00fck\u00fcmet d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr ve tasar\u0131 reddedilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Fransa \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Kom\u00fcnist Partisi   Hareketin k\u00f6kleri Ocak 2023\u2019ten Haziran ay\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na kadar, grevler ve g\u00f6sterilerden olu\u015fan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir i\u015f\u00e7i ve halk hareketi Fransa\u2019y\u0131 sarst\u0131. 6 Haziran\u2019daki grev ve g\u00f6steri g\u00fcn\u00fc, Macron h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin emeklilik ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 iki y\u0131l geri \u00e7ekme niyetini protesto eden bu b\u00fcy\u00fck hareketin sonu gibi g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor. Kovid salg\u0131n\u0131ndan sonra, \u00f6zellikle 2021 sonbahar\u0131ndan itibaren ekonomik faaliyetlerin yeniden ba\u015flamas\u0131yla \u00fclke […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3579,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[626,367],"tags":[665,666,667],"class_list":["post-3578","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-61-sayi-guz-2023","category-emek-mucadelesi","tag-fransa","tag-emeklilik-reformu","tag-fransiz-iscileri-komunist-partisi"],"yoast_head":"\nEmeklilik reformuna kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir emek hareketi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2023\/11\/27\/emeklilik-reformuna-karsi-guclu-bir-emek-hareketi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"en_EN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Emeklilik reformuna kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir emek hareketi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Fransa \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Kom\u00fcnist Partisi   Hareketin k\u00f6kleri Ocak 2023\u2019ten Haziran ay\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na kadar, grevler ve g\u00f6sterilerden olu\u015fan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir i\u015f\u00e7i ve halk hareketi Fransa\u2019y\u0131 sarst\u0131. 6 Haziran\u2019daki grev ve g\u00f6steri g\u00fcn\u00fc, Macron h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin emeklilik ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 iki y\u0131l geri \u00e7ekme niyetini protesto eden bu b\u00fcy\u00fck hareketin sonu gibi g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor. Kovid salg\u0131n\u0131ndan sonra, \u00f6zellikle 2021 sonbahar\u0131ndan itibaren ekonomik faaliyetlerin yeniden ba\u015flamas\u0131yla \u00fclke […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2023\/11\/27\/emeklilik-reformuna-karsi-guclu-bir-emek-hareketi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Teori ve Eylem\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/teoriveeylem\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-11-27T19:12:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/12_Fransa.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1333\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@teoriveeylem\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@teoriveeylem\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"13 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/27\\\/emeklilik-reformuna-karsi-guclu-bir-emek-hareketi\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/27\\\/emeklilik-reformuna-karsi-guclu-bir-emek-hareketi\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/413054853585ad4d138f2f331dfd177c\"},\"headline\":\"Emeklilik reformuna kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir emek hareketi\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-11-27T19:12:04+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/27\\\/emeklilik-reformuna-karsi-guclu-bir-emek-hareketi\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2985,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/27\\\/emeklilik-reformuna-karsi-guclu-bir-emek-hareketi\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/12_Fransa.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"fransa\",\"emeklilik reformu\",\"frans\u0131z i\u015f\u00e7ileri kom\u00fcnist partisi\"],\"articleSection\":[\"61. 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