{"id":3575,"date":"2023-11-27T22:09:18","date_gmt":"2023-11-27T19:09:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/?p=3575"},"modified":"2023-11-27T22:09:18","modified_gmt":"2023-11-27T19:09:18","slug":"britanyada-yukselen-isci-hareketinin-seyri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2023\/11\/27\/britanyada-yukselen-isci-hareketinin-seyri\/","title":{"rendered":"Britanya\u2019da y\u00fckselen i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin seyri"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ayd\u0131n G\u00f6\u00e7men<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

May\u0131s 2022\u2019den bu yana Britanya, y\u00fckseli\u015f ve duraksamalar\u0131yla bir grev dalgas\u0131na girmi\u015f durumda. Bu dalga, demiryolu i\u015f\u00e7ileri sendikas\u0131 RMT\u2019nin[1]<\/a> 24 May\u0131s 2022\u2019de duyurdu\u011fu, Haziran\u2019daysa \u00fclkenin 13 ba\u015fl\u0131ca i\u015fletmesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen grevlerle ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu, \u0130ngiltere\u2019de, 1989\u2019dan bu yana i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ulusal \u00e7apta ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi ilk grevdi. Di\u011fer iki demiryolu i\u015f\u00e7i sendikas\u0131 ASLEF ve TSSA\u2019n\u0131n da ay sonunda kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 grevlerle \u00fclkenin ba\u015fl\u0131ca ula\u015f\u0131m i\u015fletmelerinden Londra Metrosu ve National Rail\u2019e yay\u0131ld\u0131. 21 Haziran\u2019da greve \u00e7\u0131kan 40 bin demiryolu i\u015f\u00e7isine, 10 bin Londra Metrosu emek\u00e7isi de kat\u0131ld\u0131. Ula\u015f\u0131m emek\u00e7ilerine, bir ay sonra, Temmuz\u2019da, sendikalar\u0131 The Communication Workers Union\u2019\u0131n (CWU) Ulusal Posta Hizmeti Royal Mail ve BT Openreach i\u015fletmelerinde ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 grev kararlar\u0131yla, posta ve telekom\u00fcnikasyon emek\u00e7ileri kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Temmuz ve A\u011fustos aylar\u0131nda Unite sendikas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 370 i\u015f\u00e7i Liverpool ve \u00e7evresinde faaliyet g\u00f6steren Stagecoach Merseyside & South Lancashire \u015firketlerinde greve \u00e7\u0131karken, 19-20 A\u011fustos 2022 tarihlerinde London United Busways \u015firketinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ayn\u0131 sendikaya ba\u011fl\u0131 1.600 i\u015f\u00e7i 48 saatli\u011fine i\u015f b\u0131rakt\u0131. 21 A\u011fustos\u2019ta, \u00fclkenin en b\u00fcy\u00fck limanlar\u0131ndan Felixstowe Docks\u2019ta \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, yine Unite sendikas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 ve kendilerine \u00f6nerilen %7\u2019lik \u00fccret art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmeyen 1.900 i\u015f\u00e7i 8 g\u00fcnl\u00fck grev ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Bu, liman i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin son 30 y\u0131lda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikleri bu t\u00fcrden ilk grevdi. Ula\u015f\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7ileri de ayn\u0131 ay sonunda Stonehouse, Gloucestershire\u2019da 25-27 A\u011fustos ve 1-3 Eyl\u00fcl 2022 tarihleri aras\u0131nda 70 kamyon i\u015f\u00e7isi ve kargo \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 grevler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6nemin geli\u015fmeleri, grevlerin \u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131n belli ba\u015fl\u0131 t\u00fcm kamu hizmeti sekt\u00f6rlerini kapsayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u015faretlerini vererek s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Haziran sonunda %15\u2019lik \u00fccret teklifini kabul etmeyen Ceza Barosu Birli\u011fi (Criminal Bar Association) \u00fcyesi avukatlar, 4 haftal\u0131k grev ba\u015flatarak, %25 \u00fccret art\u0131\u015f\u0131 talep ettiler. 22 A\u011fustos\u2019da avukatlar\u0131n 5 Eyl\u00fcl 2022\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek \u00fczere tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 grev oylamas\u0131 %79,9 destek ald\u0131. 10 Ekim\u2019de kendilerine teklif edilen %15 art\u0131\u015f\u0131 kabul ettiklerini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131lar. 29 Kas\u0131m\u2019da kamu emek\u00e7ileri sendikalar\u0131ndan Public and Commercial Services Union (PCS) Aral\u0131k ve Ocak 2023\u2019te ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi grevleri ilan etti; Ocak\u2019ta 120 h\u00fck\u00fcmet deparman\u0131nda grev karar\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131 ve 1 \u015eubat 2023\u2019te 100 bin kamu emek\u00e7isi i\u015f b\u0131rakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sa\u011fl\u0131k emek\u00e7ileri, 2022 sonunda grevlere kat\u0131lanlar aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131. 106 y\u0131ll\u0131k tarihinde hi\u00e7 greve \u00e7\u0131kmam\u0131\u015f hem\u015fireler sendikas\u0131, the Royal College of Nurses (RCN) ilk grevini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirirken, GMB, Unison ve Unite sendikalar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 amb\u00fclans \u015fof\u00f6rleri \u00fclkenin farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde grevdeydi. British Medical Association\u2019a (BMA) ba\u011fl\u0131 gen\u00e7 doktorlar da \u015eubat\u2019ta grev karar\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

2022 sonbahar\u0131nda, y\u00fcksek e\u011fitim sendikas\u0131 University and College Union (UCU) ve \u0130sko\u00e7ya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca sendikas\u0131 Educational Institute of Scotland\u2019\u0131n (EIS) a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131yla, bu sekt\u00f6rdeki emek\u00e7iler de grevlere dahil olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti. 24, 25 ve 30 Kas\u0131m\u2019daki UCU grevlerinden sonra, \u015eubat ve Mart 2023\u2019te y\u00fcksek e\u011fitim emek\u00e7ileri 11 g\u00fcn i\u015f b\u0131rakt\u0131. Bunun yan\u0131nda, %12\u2019lik \u00fccret art\u0131\u015f\u0131 talep eden \u00fclkenin en b\u00fcy\u00fck iki e\u011fitim sendikas\u0131 National Education Union (NEU) ve National Association of Schoolmasters and Union of Women Teachers (NASUWT) sonbaharda grev oylamalar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdiler. NASUWT, 12 Ocak 2023\u2019te, oylamalar\u0131n %90 grev lehine sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, oylamaya \u00fcyelerinin sadece %42\u2019sinin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, grev i\u00e7in gerekli %50\u2019lik oran\u0131 sa\u011flayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu nedenle greve \u00e7\u0131kmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. NEU ise, 16 Ocak\u2019ta grev oylamas\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u015eubat ve Mart\u2019ta yedi g\u00fcn greve gideceklerini, 1 ve 15 \u015eubat\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra 15 Mart\u2019ta grevlerin ulusal \u00e7apta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fece\u011fini ilan etti.<\/p>\n

Bu haliyle ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz \u015eubat ay\u0131na gelindi\u011finde, Britanya\u2019da 1 milyondan fazla i\u015f\u00e7i grev karar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f ve sermaye h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin 2016\u2019da yasala\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 greve \u00e7\u0131kabilmek i\u00e7in gerekli olan oylamalara %50\u2019lik kat\u0131l\u0131m s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Buna ra\u011fmen, genel olarak \u00fccret, i\u015fg\u00fcvencesi ve i\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirmesi talepleriyle ba\u015flayan bu grevlerin sonu\u00e7 ve kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir tabloyla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fumuzu s\u00f6ylemek gerekiyor. RMT\u2019nin ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu grev, Galler ve \u0130sko\u00e7ya h\u00fck\u00fcmetleriyle var\u0131lan k\u0131smi anla\u015fmalara ra\u011fmen \u0130ngiltere\u2019de hala s\u00fcrerken, Sunak h\u00fck\u00fcmeti toplus\u00f6zle\u015fmeye yana\u015fm\u0131yor ve grevleri engellemek \u00fczere, grev s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde acenta i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve \u201casgari hizmet g\u00fcvencesi<\/em>\u201d sa\u011flanmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yasal giri\u015fimlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Bunun yan\u0131nda di\u011fer baz\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerde farkl\u0131 durumlar s\u00f6z konusu. Baz\u0131 alanlarda enflasyon oranlar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki teklifler kabul edilirken di\u011ferlerinde grev m\u00fccadelelerinin belirsiz bi\u00e7imde s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirtmek gerekiyor. Posta i\u015f\u00e7ileri sendikas\u0131 CWU, 15 Nisan 2023\u2019de Royal Mail\u2019le grevleri sona erdirmek i\u00e7in anla\u015fmaya vard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirerek, \u00fcyelerinin 3 y\u0131l i\u00e7in teklif edilen %10\u2019luk \u00fccret art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmesini \u00f6nerdi\u011fi bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yapt\u0131. 11 Temmuz\u2019da ise, \u00fcyeler aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan oylaman\u0131n, 115,000 posta \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n\u0131n ezici bir \u00e7o\u011funlukla teklifi kabul etmesiyle sonu\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, sa\u011fl\u0131k emek\u00e7ileri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan durum farkl\u0131yd\u0131. H\u00fck\u00fcmet g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere yana\u015fmazken, RCN\u2019nin temsil etti\u011fi hem\u015firelerin grev oylamalar\u0131yla \u00fccret talepleri ve BMA\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 doktorlar\u0131n \u00fccretlerinin 2008 d\u00fczeyine getirilmesi talebiyle y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fckleri m\u00fccadeleleri s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. En son 20 ve 21 Temmuz tarihlerinde greve giden doktorlar, bekledikleri g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemesi durumunda grevi s\u00fcrd\u00fcreceklerini duyurdu. Sa\u011fl\u0131k emek\u00e7ilerinin bu kesimlerinin m\u00fccadelesi, h\u00fck\u00fcmetle bu y\u0131l 16 Mart\u2019ta ba\u015flatt\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin ard\u0131ndan devam ediyor. H\u00fck\u00fcmetin bu y\u0131l Nisan\u2019dan itibaren %5\u2019lik bir \u00fccret art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve ge\u00e7mi\u015fe y\u00f6nelik \u00a31,655\u2019l\u0131k c\u00fczi bir \u00f6demeyi i\u00e7eren, ama farkl\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler alt\u0131nda olmalar\u0131 nedeniyle doktorlar\u0131 kapsamayan teklifini, sendika liderleri, kabul edilmesi \u00f6nerisiyle \u00fcyelerine a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f ve 14 Nisan\u2019da UNISON sendikas\u0131, Ulusal Sa\u011fl\u0131k Hizmeti (National Health Service) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 \u00fcyelerinin teklifi oybirli\u011fiyle kabul etti\u011fini duyurmu\u015ftu. 26 Nisan\u2019da ebeler meslek \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc, the Royal College of Midwives da, \u0130ngiltere\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00fcyelerinin teklifi kabul etti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015f, \u00e7o\u011fu amb\u00fclans \u015fof\u00f6rleri ve gen\u00e7 sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan Unite \u00fcyeleri ise, 28 Nisan\u2019da %55\u2019lik bir oranla teklifi reddetmi\u015flerdi. Ancak ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn GMB sendikas\u0131 \u00fcyeleri teklifi kabul etti ve akabinde, 2 May\u0131s\u2019ta, 14 sendika temsilcisi ile h\u00fck\u00fcmet aras\u0131nda, doktor ve di\u015f\u00e7iler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, 1 milyon NHS emek\u00e7isini kapsayan %5\u2019lik bir \u00fccret art\u0131\u015f\u0131 karar\u0131 imzaland\u0131. Yine 12 May\u0131s\u2019ta, Unison, Galler h\u00fck\u00fcmetiyle benzer bir anla\u015fmaya vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

E\u011fitim alan\u0131nda ise, 450 bin \u00fcyeli NEU, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin 27 Mart 2023\u2019te yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 %4,5 \u00fccret art\u0131\u015f\u0131 teklifini ret ederek, 27 Nisan ve 2 May\u0131s\u2019ta di\u011fer e\u011fitim sendikalar\u0131yla birlikte koordineli olarak greve gitti. \u00dccret teklifini, ayn\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde, NASUWT\u2019un yan\u0131nda National Association of Head Teachers (NAHT) ve the Association of School and College Leaders (ASCL) \u00fcyeleri de ezici \u00e7o\u011funlukla reddetti. 2 May\u0131s\u2019ta d\u00f6rt e\u011fitim sendikas\u0131n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen grevlerin ard\u0131ndan, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin teklifini de\u011fi\u015ftirmemesi \u00fczerine, NEU 5 ve 7 Temmuz\u2019da greve gitti; NASUWT 12 Temmuz\u2019da tekrar greve gitme karar\u0131 al\u0131rken, ertesi g\u00fcn h\u00fck\u00fcmet \u00fccret art\u0131\u015f\u0131 teklifini %6,5\u2019a \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Bu karar\u0131 \u015fimdilik okul m\u00fcd\u00fcrleri sendikas\u0131 ASCL kabul etmi\u015fken, di\u011fer sendika liderleri de desteklenmesi \u00f6nerisiyle \u00fcyelerinin oyuna a\u00e7t\u0131. \u0130sko\u00e7ya ve Galler h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin, daha y\u00fcksek olan, s\u0131ras\u0131yla %14,6 ve %8\u2019lik \u00fccret art\u0131\u015f\u0131 teklifleri, Mart ay\u0131nda kabul edilmi\u015f ve sendikalar\u0131n buralarda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 grev kararlar\u0131 iptal edilmi\u015fti. Yine y\u00fcksek e\u011fitim sendikas\u0131 UCU da, \u015eubat\u2019ta yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalarla, \u00fccret g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde ilerleme sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydederek ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 grev kararlar\u0131n\u0131 iptal etti\u011fini duyurmu\u015f, ancak h\u00fck\u00fcmetin %5\u2019lik \u00fccret teklifini kabul etmeyerek, Nisan\u2019da greve \u00e7\u0131kma karar\u0131n\u0131 6 ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yenilemi\u015fti. \u00dccret, ge\u00e7ici s\u00f6zle\u015fme, emeklilik ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesi talepleriyle 145 \u00fcniversitedeyse grev s\u00fcr\u00fcyor, akademisyenler s\u0131navlarda not vermeme boykotlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Alan\u0131n i\u015fveren \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc Universities and Colleges Employers’ Association\u2019n\u0131n (UCEA) %5 ile 8 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen teklifleriyse kabul g\u00f6rmedi.<\/p>\n

Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda, 235 bin \u00fcyeye sahip kamu emek\u00e7ileri sendikas\u0131 PCS \u00fcyelerinin 130 bini Nisan\u2019da ulusal \u00e7apta i\u015f b\u0131rakt\u0131 ve 6 ve 7 Haziran\u2019da bunu tekrarlad\u0131. PCS\u2019in %10\u2019luk \u00fccret art\u0131\u015f\u0131, i\u015f g\u00fcvencesi ve emeklilik fonlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik taleplerine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bir teklif geldi. \u00d6te yandan, yine kamu hizmeti sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde faaliyet g\u00f6steren 32 bin \u00fcyeye sahip Prospect sendikas\u0131, Nisan\u2019da PCS ile birlikte greve \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra, May\u0131s sonlar\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcmetle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayarak, karar\u0131 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f grevleri \u201cdurdurdu\u011funu<\/em>\u201d ilan etti.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

S\u00fcrecin uzunlu\u011fu ve kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 emek\u00e7i kitleler g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kimi \u00f6rneklerde \u00fccret talepleriyle enflasyon oran\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki tekliflere imza at\u0131lmas\u0131yla ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlanan, ba\u015fka \u00f6rneklerdeyse yava\u015flamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen s\u00fcren ve tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclen bu hareketlili\u011fin karakterinin ne oldu\u011fu, i\u015f\u00e7i hareketi ve Britanya\u2019da s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin seyri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan neyi temsil etti\u011fi \u00f6nemli ve tart\u0131\u015fmaya de\u011fer. Ancak b\u00f6yle bir de\u011ferlendirmeden \u00f6nce, s\u00fcrecin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 2022 Haziran\u2019\u0131ndan sonraki bir y\u0131lda 4 milyon kadar i\u015fg\u00fcn\u00fc kayb\u0131na[3]<\/a> neden olan grevlerin y\u00fckseli\u015fini yol a\u00e7an etkenler \u00fczerinde k\u0131saca durmak yararl\u0131 olacak.[4]<\/a> Bu, s\u00fcre\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan etkili olan siyasi ve iktisadi dinamikleri anlamaya bir giri\u015f sa\u011flaman\u0131n yan\u0131nda, Britanya i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 m\u00fccadelesinin y\u00fckseli\u015fine dair de\u011ferlendirmelerin h\u00e2l\u00e2 giri\u015f niteli\u011finde olmalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da gerekli.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Yeni izlenimi veren geli\u015fmeler<\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u00f6reli olarak d\u00f6nemsel bir istikrar yakalayan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin bu hareketlenmesi ve grevlere ba\u015fl\u0131ca ne gibi etkenlerin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorusu, bizleri derhal \u0130ngiltere\u2019de emek\u00e7ilerin \u00f6zellikle son 15 y\u0131lda k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fmi\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Sava\u015f sonras\u0131nda, 1976-77 d\u00f6nemi d\u0131\u015farda tutuldu\u011funda, ger\u00e7ek \u00fccretler 2008 ekonomik krizine kadar artt\u0131.[5]<\/a> Ancak o d\u00f6nemden bu yana, pandemi \u00f6ncesindeki nispi y\u00fckseli\u015fe ra\u011fmen ger\u00e7ek \u00fccretler genel e\u011filim olarak d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Son Office for National Statistics (ONF) verilerine g\u00f6re, Nisan 2022\u2019de tam g\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir i\u015f\u00e7inin ortalama haftal\u0131k \u00fccreti olan \u00a3640, 2021\u2019in ayn\u0131 ay\u0131yla k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda %5 artm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de enflasyon oranlar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda reel olarak %2,6\u2019l\u0131k bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ifade ediyor. Sendikalar konfederasyonu Trade Union Congress\u2019\u0131n (TUC) 2022 sonunda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar da \u00fccretlerdeki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn, 1977\u2019den beri g\u00f6r\u00fclen en sert, 1945\u2019ten bu yana ya\u015fanan ikinci en sert d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011funu ve kamu emek\u00e7ilerinin bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015ften en fazla etkilenen kesim oldu\u011funu i\u015faret etti.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7ek \u00fccretlerde 2008\u2019den sonra ba\u015flayan duraksama, bu d\u00f6nemin \u00e7o\u011funda iktidar olmu\u015f Muhafazakar h\u00fck\u00fcmetin \u00f6zellikle kamu hizmetlerinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 devasa kesinti, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme ve krizden etkilenen \u015firketlere verdi\u011fi destekleri i\u00e7eren \u201ckemer s\u0131kma<\/em>\u201d politikalar\u0131n\u0131n getirdi\u011fi yoksulla\u015fmayla birle\u015fti. B\u00f6ylesi ko\u015fullarda gelen pandemi de emek\u00e7ilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015ftirerek, b\u00fcy\u00fck bedeller \u00f6demelerine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Son y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde greve giden emek\u00e7ilerin \u00f6zellikle pandemi d\u00f6neminde anahtar rolleri vurgulanan kamu emek\u00e7ileri olmalar\u0131 ve \u00f6dedikleri bedellere kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k m\u00fckafatland\u0131r\u0131lmay\u0131 beklerken kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fccret ve ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fmesiyle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccret dayatmalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fckselen tepkileri, grevlerin temel bir nedenini ortaya koyuyor. Yetmiyormu\u015f gibi, pandeminin etkisinin azalmas\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan yeni ekonomik tabloda, enflasyonun uzun y\u0131llar g\u00f6r\u00fclmedik oranda art\u0131\u015f\u0131, daha sonra hem meta dola\u015f\u0131m s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin sekteye u\u011framas\u0131, hem de Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n per\u00e7inledi\u011fi enerji ve bunun getirdi\u011fi \u201cge\u00e7inme<\/em>\u201d krizi, \u00fccretlerdeki nispi y\u00fckseli\u015fi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya \u00e7ekerek, emek\u00e7ilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fmesini derinle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n

Son bir y\u0131la yay\u0131lan grevler, d\u00fc\u015fen ger\u00e7ek \u00fccretler ve k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fen ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131yla i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerin uzun bir s\u00fcredir birikmi\u015f tepki ve \u00f6fkesinin bir ifadesi oldu\u011fu kadar, ayn\u0131 zamanda sendikal \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn durumuyla da yak\u0131ndan ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Son verilere g\u00f6re, Britanya\u2019da 6,5 milyon i\u015f\u00e7i sendikal\u0131 ve bu, t\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan n\u00fcfusun %22\u2019sini temsil ediyor. Bu, 13,2 milyon i\u015f\u00e7inin sendikal\u0131 oldu\u011fu, bu konuda bir zirve olan 1979 y\u0131l\u0131yla \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131k olu\u015fturuyor.[7]<\/a> 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde 2,4, kamu sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde ise 3,84 milyon i\u015f\u00e7i sendikal\u0131yd\u0131. Bu veriler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, hem grevlere \u00e7\u0131kan kesimlerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu kamu emek\u00e7ilerinin olu\u015fturmas\u0131, hem de hedeflenen i\u015fverenlerin Royal Mail, demiryollar\u0131 ve \u00fcniversiteler gibi \u201c\u00f6zel<\/em>\u201d oldu\u011fu halde toplus\u00f6zle\u015fme yetkisine sahip \u015firketlerden olu\u015fmas\u0131, emek\u00e7ilerin en \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc kesimlerinin bu y\u00fckseli\u015fte etkili oldu\u011funu belirtirken, pandemi d\u00f6neminde kamu hizmetlerinin korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik geli\u015fen halk tepkisinin de bu y\u00fckseli\u015fte etkili oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

Pandemi ve sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde k\u0131smen kamu emek\u00e7ileri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00fccret beklentilerinin belirmesinin, genel olarak da halk a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kamu hizmet ve haklar\u0131n\u0131n savunusunun y\u00fckselmesinin, bu grevlerin mayalanmas\u0131 ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131na nas\u0131l katk\u0131da bulundu\u011fu \u00fczerinde k\u0131saca durmak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Sosyal devletin \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmelerle yok edilmeye giri\u015filmesinin son a\u015famas\u0131 olarak tamamen da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik uygulamalar muhafazakar iktidar d\u00f6neminde ilerletildi ve bu y\u00f6nde at\u0131lan ad\u0131mlar emek\u00e7i kitlelerin tepkilerine neden oldu. Halka \u00fccretsiz sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmeti sunan Ulusal Sa\u011fl\u0131k Hizmeti (NHS) ile yine halka paras\u0131z sunulan e\u011fitim hizmetlerinin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde devasa kaynak, personel ve altyap\u0131 sorunlar\u0131yla bo\u011fu\u015fmakta olmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik kitleler aras\u0131nda y\u00fckselmi\u015f duyarl\u0131l\u0131k bunun \u00f6rneklerinden. Keza, halen s\u00fcrmekte olan BMA i\u00e7inde \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc gen\u00e7 ve stajyer doktorlarla RNS i\u00e7inde \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc hem\u015firelerin y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fccret m\u00fccadelesinin halk ve hastalardan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 destek, bu etkenin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6stergelerinden. BMA\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc grevlerde kamuoyu deste\u011fi almaya \u00f6zellikle dikkat etmedi\u011fini belirtmesi ve buna ihtiya\u00e7 duymamas\u0131, yine halk\u0131n kamusal hizmetleri sahiplenmesinin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

Sa\u011fl\u0131k, e\u011fitim ve ula\u015f\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra postanelerden merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmette \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara kadar farkl\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerden emek\u00e7ileri i\u00e7eren bu hareketlilik \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00e7evreler taraf\u0131ndan \u201ci\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/em>\u201d olarak de\u011ferlendirildi. \u201cElveda proletarya<\/em>\u201d denmi\u015fti ve proletarya geri d\u00f6nmekteydi. Bu \u00e7evrelere burjuvalar da dahil. Daha grevlerin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 2022 Haziran\u2019\u0131ndan itibaren \u201c\u00fclkenin sendika liderleri taraf\u0131ndan rehin al\u0131nmas\u0131na<\/em>\u201d m\u00fcsamaha edilemeyece\u011fine, sanki 1970\u2019lerde b\u00f6yle bir durum s\u00f6z konusuymu\u015f gibi, h\u00fck\u00fcmet temsilcileri taraf\u0131ndan \u201cge\u00e7mi\u015fe d\u00f6n\u00fclemeyece\u011fine<\/em>\u201d dair ard\u0131 arkas\u0131 yeni yeni kesilmekte olan a\u00e7\u0131klamalar yap\u0131ld\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin RMT lideri Mick Lynch\u2019in Rusya ve Putin\u2019in ajan\u0131 oldu\u011funa dair k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsenmeyecek bir propaganda s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc; ancak bu propagandan\u0131n halk\u0131n eylemelere verdi\u011fi deste\u011fin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc azalt\u0131c\u0131 bir etkisi olmad\u0131. Ama bu demagojilerin yan\u0131nda, h\u00fck\u00fcmet, greve giden i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin yerine acente i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve grevler s\u0131ras\u0131nda asgari bir hizmet sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu hale getirecek yasal d\u00fczenlemeler haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na girdi ve bunlar\u0131 ilerletiyor.<\/p>\n

Grevlerin, ayn\u0131 zamanda muhalefetteki \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi (Labour Party) taraf\u0131ndan hi\u00e7bir bi\u00e7imde desteklenmedi\u011fi ko\u015fullarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi ve s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de kaydedilmeli. Ilford South Labour milletvekili ve d\u00f6nemin g\u00f6lge Ula\u015f\u0131m Bakan\u0131 Sam Tarry, Euston istasyonunda, Temmuz 2022\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bir grev g\u00f6sterisine deste\u011fe gitmesi ve ard\u0131ndan konuyla ilgili televizyonlara r\u00f6portaj vermesinden dolay\u0131 g\u00f6revinden al\u0131nd\u0131 ve bu tav\u0131r, ana muhalefet partisinin genel tavr\u0131 olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Labour Party\u2019nin i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve grevleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki bu tutumu, 2020\u2019de sosyal demokrat Jeremy Corbyn\u2019in parti liderli\u011finden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesinden sonra, sermaye yanl\u0131s\u0131 politikalar\u0131 daha a\u00e7\u0131ktan y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye ba\u015flayan ve iktidar hesaplar\u0131 yapan Keir Starmer\u2019la ekibinin kapitalistlere yaranma politikalar\u0131n\u0131n belirgin bir g\u00f6stergesidir.<\/p>\n

Hem\u015fireler gibi i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na yeni kat\u0131lan kesimleri de kapsayarak y\u00fckselen grevlerle g\u00f6steriler t\u00fcr\u00fcnden yan eylemlerinin farkl\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerde baz\u0131 yanlar\u0131yla farkl\u0131la\u015fan taleplerine ra\u011fmen ortak nedenlerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00fccretler ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 geliyor. Bu ikisinin yan\u0131nda, 1980\u2019lerden bu yana giderek zay\u0131flayan \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7i hareketine kapitalistlerin dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 emeklilik fonu kesintilileri ve g\u00fcvenli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri konular\u0131nda geli\u015fen tepkilerin de k\u0131smen etkili oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. \u00d6zellikle demiryolu i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin \u00fccret ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesinin \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7en i\u015fin yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve esnekle\u015ftirilmesine kar\u015f\u0131 taleplerle akademisyenlerin y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc eylemlere konu olan emeklilik fonlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 talepleri de grev ve eylemlerin \u00fccret art\u0131\u015f\u0131 talebiyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmayan bu y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6rneklemektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00f6zelliklerinin de g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi, belirtilen ko\u015ful ve nedenlerle on y\u0131llard\u0131r g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bi\u00e7imde y\u00fckselen Britanya\u2019daki i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin niteli\u011fini sorgulamak, bu sorgulama \u00fczerinden m\u00fccadelenin daha \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc, istikrarl\u0131 ve sistematik bir hatta girmesini belirleyecek etkenleri ortaya koyabilmek a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli. Geli\u015fiminin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc evresinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 dersleri kavramak, bu durumunun i\u015faret etti\u011fi seyri anlamak i\u00e7in oldu\u011fu kadar, bu hareketin daha \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc ve istikrarl\u0131 bir y\u00f6nelime girebilmenin neresinde oldu\u011funun ve s\u0131n\u0131f g\u00fc\u00e7lerini bekleyen g\u00f6revlerin belirlenmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da bir zorunluluk.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Yans\u0131yan d\u00fczey ve nitelikler<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerin d\u00fc\u015fen \u00fccret, k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131 \u00fczerinden yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi, bu grev ve hareketlilik, sermaye ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin on y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcredir sertle\u015ftirerek s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sald\u0131r\u0131 ve hak gasplar\u0131 politikalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 bir tepki olarak geli\u015fti. Ve bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011finildi\u011fi gibi, greve giden i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7i kesimleri ve hareketlili\u011fin \u00e7ap\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu tepkinin, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve emek\u00e7ilerin siyasi \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn d\u00fczey ve niteliklerini yans\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Grevlere, sermaye ve sermayenin neoliberal politikalar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcleri olan May, Johnson ve Sunak h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin a\u011f\u0131r sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 neden olmu\u015fken, emek\u00e7ilerin tepkisinin bu grevlerle g\u00f6r\u00fclen i\u00e7erik ve bi\u00e7imini de onlar\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fck ve bilin\u00e7 d\u00fczeyleri belirlemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bunu g\u00f6steren ba\u015fl\u0131ca olgu, grevlerin \u015fimdilik kamu sekt\u00f6r ve hizmetleri alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7iler ve sendikalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nayak oldu\u011fu eylemler olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zel sekt\u00f6r i\u015f\u00e7ileri aras\u0131ndaysa sendikal \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fck 2021\u2019de %12,7 iken, 2022\u2019de %12\u2019ye d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde kamu i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin sendikala\u015fma oran\u0131ysa %50\u2019den %48,6\u2019ye geriledi.[8]<\/a> 2022 itibariyle \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde 2,4 milyon i\u015f\u00e7i, kamu sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde 3,84 milyon i\u015f\u00e7i sendikalarda \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc. Bu da, \u00fclkede 1970\u2019lerden bu yana imalat sanayisi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcrken hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fcmesiyle ve ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde sermayenin odaklanarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 hamlelerini kapsayan iktisadi ve sosyal de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle uyumlu. Grevler, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve sendikalar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc oldu\u011fu sekt\u00f6rlerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p yay\u0131ld\u0131 ve geli\u015fim bi\u00e7imleri de \u00f6zellikle 1980\u2019ler sonras\u0131 sendika ve i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin i\u00e7erisine itildikleri toplumsal alanlar ve \u00f6rg\u00fctsel bi\u00e7imleri yans\u0131t\u0131yor. Grevlerin, madenci greviyle zirve noktas\u0131na varan 1980 grevleri d\u00f6neminde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konan yasal s\u0131n\u0131rlarla g\u00fc\u00e7 kayb\u0131na u\u011frayan bir i\u015f\u00e7i hareketine dayanarak ve etkisi daha da geli\u015fmi\u015f olan sendikal b\u00fcrokrasinin g\u00fcd\u00fcm\u00fcnde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor olmas\u0131, harekete ge\u00e7irici etkenlerinin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131makta oldu\u011fu belirli uzla\u015fma e\u011filiminin ba\u015fl\u0131ca nedenidir. \u0130tfaiyeciler sendikas\u0131 FBU\u2019dan e\u011fitim sendikalar\u0131na kadar sendikalar\u0131n enflasyonun alt\u0131ndaki teklifleri kabul etmeleri, ama grevci i\u015f\u00e7ilerin imzalanan geri s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri ret etmeye y\u00f6nelik seslerinin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00e7\u0131kmamas\u0131, yine ayn\u0131 ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin ifadesidir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 yeterli \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeye sahip de\u011fildir; tabandan y\u00fckselen bask\u0131 sendika b\u00fcrokrasisinin egemenli\u011findeki sendikalar\u0131 greve zorlam\u0131\u015f, ancak, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin sermaye ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin yasalardan da g\u00fc\u00e7 alan sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtmeye g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn yetmedi\u011fi ko\u015fullarda hem birer g\u00fcnl\u00fck grevler anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131larak yapt\u0131r\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip grevlerin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesini, hem de sendika y\u00f6netimlerinin olduk\u00e7a geri s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler imzalamalar\u0131 engellenerek grevlerin daha ileri haklar elde edilinceye kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesini sa\u011flayamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n yetersiz \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme d\u00fczeyinin bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak, grevlerin, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n politik \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fck d\u00fczeyini de yans\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek gerekiyor. Gerek i\u015f\u00e7i hareketi ve gerekse sendikal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme i\u00e7inde etkili oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebilece\u011fimiz ba\u015fl\u0131ca ak\u0131mlar\u0131n kimi koordinesiz, kimiyse birbirinden tamamen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve hatta kar\u015f\u0131t etkinliklerin hareketleriyken hi\u00e7birinin proleter devrimci e\u011filimde olmamalar\u0131, kendilerini ve grevleri istikrarl\u0131 bir m\u00fccadeleci hatta birle\u015ftirememi\u015f ve buna yetmemi\u015f olmalar\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde bunun bir sonucudur. \u00d6zellikle sendikalar konfederasyonu TUC ve farkl\u0131 sendikalar\u0131n \u00fcst y\u00f6netimlerinde etkili olan Labour Party g\u00fcd\u00fcml\u00fc milliyet\u00e7i-reformist e\u011filimli i\u015f\u00e7i b\u00fcrokrasisi yan\u0131nda sendikalarda belirli bir etkiye sahip siyasal \u00f6rg\u00fct ve gruplar aras\u0131nda, baz\u0131 Tro\u00e7kist \u00f6rg\u00fct, revizyonist parti ve gruplarla kendili\u011finden bilinci pek a\u015fmam\u0131\u015f baz\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i gruplar\u0131 say\u0131labilir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin bu \u00f6gesi, grevlerin birbirinden kopuklu\u011fu ve ekonomik talepleri a\u015famayan karakterinin yan\u0131nda, TUC\u2019un grevleri birle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in samimi bir \u00e7aba harcamam\u0131\u015f olmamas\u0131nda da g\u00f6r\u00fclebiliyor. Bir y\u0131la yay\u0131lan grevler, grevler etraf\u0131nda bir halk hareketi yaratmak \u00fczere RMT lideri Mick Lynch ve CWU lideri Dave Ward\u2019\u0131n Labour Party \u201csolcular\u0131yla<\/em>\u201d olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 \u201cEnough is Enough<\/em>\u201d (\u201cArt\u0131k Yeter<\/em>\u201d) kampanyas\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011finde, ba\u015flarda halk deste\u011fi i\u00e7in belirli bir odak olu\u015fturmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, yeterli bir s\u0131n\u0131f perspektifinden yoksun olu\u015fu ve bu nedenle \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunun daha derinle\u015fmesine katk\u0131da bulunmas\u0131yla, yine, s\u0131n\u0131f bilinci ve politik \u00f6rg\u00fct eksikli\u011finin bir g\u00f6stergesi oldu.<\/p>\n

Britanya ve d\u00fcnya i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin temel bir sorununu yans\u0131tmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda, grevlerin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n belirsizli\u011fi ve siyasi bir perspektiften yoksunlu\u011fu, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin bilin\u00e7 ve \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fck d\u00fczeyinin yans\u0131mas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir \u00f6geye de i\u015faret ediyor. Bu, greve \u00e7\u0131kan ve hareketin y\u00fckseli\u015finin ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00f6znesi olan kamu ve hizmet sekt\u00f6r i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, Britanya i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n en deneyimsiz ve yaslanacak m\u00fccadele deneyimden en yoksun kesimleri olmalar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n geneli a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, mevcut m\u00fccadele deneyiminden yeterince yararlan\u0131lamam\u0131\u015f olunmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yine bu \u00f6ge de grevlerin kamu emek\u00e7ileriyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kal\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve siyasal perspektiften yoksunlu\u011fuyla birlikte ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu bir y\u0131ll\u0131k grevlerin, uzun vadede i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmemi\u015f kesimlerinin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ve istikrarl\u0131 m\u00fccadeleci bir siyasi hatta girerek bir sonraki evresine ta\u015f\u0131nabilece\u011fini ortaya koymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Bir\u00e7o\u011fu Labour Party \u00fcyesi olan sendikalar\u0131n, geleneksel olarak bu partiyle ili\u015fkileri ve \u00fcyeliklerini partinin muhalefette oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemlerde kamuoyu \u00f6n\u00fcnde tart\u0131\u015fmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinir. Buna ra\u011fmen ekonomik taleplerin genel siyasi talep ve hedeflerle birle\u015ftirilmesini i\u00e7ermek \u00fczere m\u00fccadeleci ve istikrarl\u0131 bir hatta girmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli giri\u015fimlerin bu d\u00f6nemde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu grevlerin \u00f6nemli bir sonucu olarak belirtmek gerekiyor. Aralar\u0131nda People Assembly ve di\u011fer ulusal sosyal hak savunusu kampanyalar\u0131n\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu \u00e7evrelerin grevci i\u015f\u00e7iler \u00fczerinden s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc grevleri ve destek eylemlerini koordine etme giri\u015fimlerinin yan\u0131nda, yine son g\u00fcnlerde g\u00fcndeme gelen \u201cTransform<\/em>\u201d olu\u015fumu ve tart\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme planlar\u0131 bunun bir \u00f6rne\u011fi. Labour milletvekili Thelma Walker\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Breakthrough Party, Left Unity ve People\u2019s Alliance of the Left gibi \u201csol<\/em>\u201d \u00f6rg\u00fctler ve 14 binin \u00fczerinde \u00fcyesi olan F\u0131r\u0131n, G\u0131da ve Birle\u015fmi\u015f \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler Sendikas\u0131 (Bakers, Food and Allied Workers Union) ulusal ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ian Hodson\u2019un deste\u011fiyle ilan edilen olu\u015fuma, \u00e7e\u015fitli kampanya gruplar\u0131 da destek veriyor.[9]<\/a> B\u00f6yle bir olu\u015fuma neden olarak, en son h\u00fck\u00fcmetin \u00e7ocuklara y\u00f6nelik sosyal yard\u0131mlarda kesintiler \u00f6ng\u00f6ren h\u00fck\u00fcmet politikalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmay\u0131 reddeden Labour Party\u2019nin Starmer liderli\u011fi alt\u0131nda geldi\u011fi pozisyon g\u00f6steriliyor. Bunlara, \u00f6zellikle i\u015fyerlerinde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ve m\u00fccadeleye yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 vurgu ve bir t\u00fcr \u201csiyasal sendikac\u0131l\u0131k<\/em>\u201d e\u011filimini savunmas\u0131yla tan\u0131nan Sharon Graham\u2019un liderli\u011findeki genel i\u015f sendikas\u0131 Unite\u2019\u0131n \u00e7evresinde \u015fekillenen ve m\u00fccadeleci sendikalar\u0131 koordine etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Workers Unite olu\u015fumu da dahil edilebilir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Genel sonu\u00e7lar<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, bu \u00f6znel etkenlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, geride b\u0131rak\u0131lan 10 y\u0131l ve pandemi yetmiyormu\u015f gibi, Sunak h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin \u015fimdiden daha da a\u011f\u0131r ekonomik ve siyasal sald\u0131r\u0131lara giri\u015fti\u011fi \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nemde izleyece\u011fi politika, bu hareketlili\u011fin y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc belirleyici olacak. H\u00fck\u00fcmetin s\u00fcren grevlere verece\u011fi tepkiyle \u00fclkenin enflasyon, enerji ve konut krizi gibi ba\u015fl\u0131ca sorunlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda s\u00fcrd\u00fcrece\u011fi siyaset, bunun ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00f6gelerini belirtecek. Parti liderli\u011fine y\u00f6nelik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar, pandemi d\u00f6neminde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi yolsuzluklar ve kitleler nezdinde eksilen deste\u011fi gibi sorunlarla sars\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda, Brexit ve pandemiyle y\u00fckselen g\u00f6\u00e7 ve g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7iler sorununda b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olan iktidar partisinin bu politikalar \u00fczerinden bir erken se\u00e7ime gidip gitmeyece\u011fi de, yine \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki yak\u0131n d\u00f6nem a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00fclkenin ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 etkileyecek etkenlerden. Son d\u00f6nemde kimi parti \u00e7evrelerinin Sunak\u2019a 2024 bahar\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenecek bir erken se\u00e7ime gitmesi i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar kadar, son g\u00f6\u00e7menlik yasas\u0131yla, se\u00e7imlerin ana g\u00fcndeminden biri haline gelmesi kesinle\u015fen g\u00f6\u00e7 sorunun t\u0131rmand\u0131r\u0131larak tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi bunu g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

Son olarak, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin sendika liderlikleri \u00fczerinde etkili olmay\u0131 da ama\u00e7layarak, Ukrayna Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00fczerinden s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc milliyet\u00e7i ve emperyalist politikalara kar\u015f\u0131 geli\u015fecek halk tepkisinin de grev ve i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin y\u00f6n\u00fc \u00fczerinde etkili olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydetmek gerekiyor. Grevler d\u00f6nemindeki at\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra olas\u0131 bir Labour Party iktidar\u0131na endekslenme politikas\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcten TUC\u2019un grevlere kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen daha grevler ba\u015flamadan Ukrayna ile \u201cdayan\u0131\u015fma<\/em>\u201d i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi eylemlerle giri\u015fimleri bunu yeterince g\u00f6steriyor. Halk tepkisiyle olu\u015fabilecek bir bar\u0131\u015f hareketinin geli\u015fmesi, TUC\u2019a hakim olan havay\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tman\u0131n yan\u0131nda, grevlerin gidi\u015fat\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen g\u00fc\u00e7lerden biri olan sendikal b\u00fcrokrasinin yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131 milliyet\u00e7i, ahlak\u00e7\u0131 ve uzla\u015fmac\u0131 temelleri g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczle\u015ftirerek, etkisini azalt\u0131c\u0131 bir i\u015flev g\u00f6recektir. \u00d6rne\u011fin h\u00fck\u00fcmetin silah \u00fcretiminin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 siyasetini \u00fcyelerine istihdam sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in destekleyen GMB gibi sendikalar\u0131n duru\u015funu ve hareketin di\u011fer b\u00f6l\u00fcmleriyle ili\u015fkisini etkileyecek, sendikal hareketin b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bir etkeninin giderilmesine katk\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu grevlerin, genel olarak i\u015f\u00e7ilerin s\u0131n\u0131f bilincini, m\u00fccadele ruhunu, dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131, kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fu sorunlar\u0131n siyasal kaynaklar\u0131na ili\u015fkin kavray\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesine katk\u0131 sa\u011flayarak geli\u015ftirmek gibi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir ger\u00e7ek. Grevlerin, m\u00fccadeleye zorlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sendika b\u00fcrokrasisinin etkisini sarst\u0131\u011f\u0131 da bir ger\u00e7ek. Grevler, ayn\u0131 zamanda, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, kamu \u00fccretlerinde bir standart olu\u015fturmak \u00fczere sermayenin t\u00fcm \u00fclke i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerine y\u00f6nelik olarak giderek a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rmakta oldu\u011fu dayatmalar\u0131 \u015fimdilik p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtm\u00fc\u015f ve grevlerin halktan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 deste\u011fin g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi, m\u00fccadelenin me\u015fru bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yolu oldu\u011funu ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Ama di\u011fer yandan, geli\u015fmeler, i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerin m\u00fccadele kararl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmedikleri ko\u015fullarda kendilerine daha a\u011f\u0131r ko\u015fullar\u0131n dayat\u0131lmaya devam edece\u011fini, \u00f6nlerinde duran sendikal b\u00fcrokrasinin etkisinin k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p azalmak yerine daha g\u00fc\u00e7lenebilece\u011fini ve en son, kendilerini, ancak istikrarl\u0131 bir m\u00fccadelenin, s\u0131n\u0131f olarak s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcden kurtulu\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fccadelelerini \u00f6rg\u00fctleyip y\u00f6netecek ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z siyasal \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak deneyimle donataca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yeniden ve yeniden g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Unison\u2019un ulusal y\u00fcr\u00fctmesinde \u201csosyalistlerin<\/em>\u201d grev d\u00f6neminde az\u0131nl\u0131k haline gelmesi bunu g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi, bu eylemlerin derhal s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi ve \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde belirli kazan\u0131mlara yol a\u00e7mayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Grevlerin kamu sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00f6zellikle \u00fclkenin b\u00fcy\u00fck merkezlerinde geli\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun bir ya da iki g\u00fcnl\u00fck eylemlerle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmas\u0131, hareketin geli\u015fip daha \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc ve istikrarl\u0131 bir hatta girmesinin somut ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n at\u0131lmas\u0131 ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 vurgulamas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli. Liverpool\u2019da 580 liman i\u015f\u00e7isinin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla Kas\u0131m 2022\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ve \u00fccretlerde %14,3 ile %18,5\u2019lik kazan\u0131mla sonu\u00e7lanan Unite grevi, bunun \u00f6nemli ve olumlu \u00f6rneklerindendi. Bu ba\u015far\u0131da, yerel halkla birle\u015fme ve deste\u011fini alma yan\u0131nda, grevlerin, verilen iki arayla, 5 hafta boyunca s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131 etkiliydi. Bu \u00f6rnekte g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, grevin kararl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde s\u00fcrmesini sa\u011flayacak s\u0131n\u0131f bilin\u00e7li i\u015f\u00e7ilerin s\u0131n\u0131fla ve halkla ili\u015fkilerini ve taban i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6rg\u00fctlerini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeleri yan\u0131nda ekonomik m\u00fccadelelerini genel siyasi ve toplumsal sorunlarla birle\u015ftiren bir perspektif ve platformlar geli\u015ftirmeleri ihtiyac\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n m\u00fccadeleci g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde somut bir g\u00f6rev olarak durmaktad\u0131r. Bunun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 ve d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin g\u00f6reli d\u00f6nemsel zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir yans\u0131mas\u0131 ve giderilmesinin bir ad\u0131m\u0131 olarak, uluslararas\u0131 m\u00fccadele deneyimlerinin g\u00fcncel m\u00fccadelelere aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 ve \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmas\u0131, Fransa\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi, m\u00fccadelelerin sendikalarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmayarak fabrikalardaki i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerine dayanmas\u0131 ve etraf\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc bir halk hareketi olu\u015fturma yoluna girmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan gerekli. B\u00f6yle bir y\u00f6nelim, grevler aras\u0131nda koordinasyonu sa\u011flay\u0131p, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin dayan\u0131\u015fma ve m\u00fccadele azimlerini y\u00fckselterek, kendi \u00f6z \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerini geli\u015ftirip g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmelerine katk\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Uzun bir sessizlikten sonra geli\u015fen s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n hareketlenmesi ve grev s\u00fcreci, Brexit ve pandemiyle de\u011fi\u015fen Britanya\u2019da, bug\u00fcn yeni b\u00f6l\u00fckleriyle i\u015f\u00e7ilerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra emek\u00e7i halk kitlelerinin de uyan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 temsil ediyor. Bu durum, s\u0131n\u0131f bilin\u00e7li i\u015f\u00e7ilerin, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve emek\u00e7ilerle daha ileriden b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmek \u00fczere, g\u00fcncel m\u00fccadelelere daha kararl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde kat\u0131l\u0131p geli\u015fmelerini sa\u011flamak \u00fczere s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen geni\u015f kitlelerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 olabildi\u011fince iyile\u015ftirecek taleplerine ula\u015fmalar\u0131na hareketin i\u00e7inden katk\u0131 sa\u011flamalar\u0131n\u0131 gerektiriyor. Buysa, grevlerin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc zay\u0131flama g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcne ra\u011fmen, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki k\u0131\u015f ya\u015fanabilecek daha derin bir \u201cge\u00e7im<\/em>\u201d, bar\u0131nma ve \u0131s\u0131nma vb. krizleriyle i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n tekrar ivme kazanabilecek hareketlili\u011fine haz\u0131rl\u0131k olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00fckseltilmesi gereken propaganda, ajitasyon ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini belirtiyor. B\u00f6yle bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme hatt\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ileri, bir y\u0131l kadar k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilecek bir se\u00e7imle iktidara gelmesi kuvvetle olas\u0131 olan bir Labour h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin sendika b\u00fcrokrasisine yaslanacak olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda sermayenin sald\u0131r\u0131 politikalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesiyle belirlenecek bir sonraki d\u00f6neme en iyi bi\u00e7imde haz\u0131rlayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> National Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers: Ulusal Demiryolu, Denizcilik ve Ula\u015f\u0131m Sendikas\u0131.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> BBC (2023) \u201cStrike dates: Who is striking and what pay do they want?\u201d, https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/business-62134314<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> ONS (2023) \u201cLabour disputes;UK;Sic 07;total working days lost;all inds. & services (000’s)\u201d, https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/employmentandlabourmarket\/peopleinwork\/employmentandemployeetypes\/timeseries\/bbfw\/lms<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Haziran 2023\u2019e kadar s\u00fcren bir y\u0131l zarf\u0131nda ya\u015fanan, 2011 Kas\u0131m\u2019\u0131nda kamu emek\u00e7ilerinin ulusal \u00e7apta \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131 tek g\u00fcnl\u00fck grev bir yana b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rsa, 1989 ile 1990\u2019\u0131n ayn\u0131 aylar\u0131 aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen 5 milyon i\u015fg\u00fcn\u00fc kayb\u0131ndan bu yana grevler nedeniyle ya\u015fanan en b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015f kayb\u0131yd\u0131. Aral\u0131k 2022\u2019de ya\u015fanan 829 bin i\u015fg\u00fcn\u00fc kayb\u0131ysa, tek g\u00fcnl\u00fck grevlerin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kas\u0131m 2011 d\u0131\u015fta tutuldu\u011funda, Temmuz 1989\u2019dan bu yana g\u00f6r\u00fclen en b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fg\u00fcn\u00fc kayb\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Bank of England (2023) \u201cResearch datasets\u201d, www.bankofengland.co.uk\/statistics\/research-datasets<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> TUC (2023) \u201c2022 is the worst year for real wage growth in nearly half a century\u201d, https:\/\/www.tuc.org.uk\/news\/2022-worst-year-real-wage-growth-nearly-half-century#:~:text=2022%20has%20been%20the%20worst,over%20the%20course%20of%202022.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Department for Business and Trade (2023) \u201cTrade Union Membership, UK 1995-2022: Statistical Bulletin\u201d, https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/1158789\/Trade_Union_Membership_UK_1995-2022_Statistical_Bulletin.pdf<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Department for Business and Trade, agy.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> Sagir, C. (2023) \u201cLabour movement figures call for new party after Starmer benefit cap comments\u201d, \u00a0Morning Star<\/em>, https:\/\/morningstaronline.co.uk\/article\/b\/labour-movement-figures-call-new-party-after-starmer-benefit-cap-comments<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ayd\u0131n G\u00f6\u00e7men \u00a0 May\u0131s 2022\u2019den bu yana Britanya, y\u00fckseli\u015f ve duraksamalar\u0131yla bir grev dalgas\u0131na girmi\u015f durumda. Bu dalga, demiryolu i\u015f\u00e7ileri sendikas\u0131 RMT\u2019nin[1] 24 May\u0131s 2022\u2019de duyurdu\u011fu, Haziran\u2019daysa \u00fclkenin 13 ba\u015fl\u0131ca i\u015fletmesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen grevlerle ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu, \u0130ngiltere\u2019de, 1989\u2019dan bu yana i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ulusal \u00e7apta ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi ilk grevdi. Di\u011fer iki demiryolu i\u015f\u00e7i sendikas\u0131 ASLEF ve TSSA\u2019n\u0131n da ay sonunda kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 grevlerle \u00fclkenin ba\u015fl\u0131ca […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3576,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[660,626,468,376,367],"tags":[661,662,663,664],"class_list":["post-3575","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aydin-gocmen","category-61-sayi-guz-2023","category-sayilar","category-dunya","category-emek-mucadelesi","tag-britanya","tag-ingiltere","tag-aydin-gocmen","tag-sinif-hareketi"],"yoast_head":"\nBritanya\u2019da y\u00fckselen i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin seyri<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2023\/11\/27\/britanyada-yukselen-isci-hareketinin-seyri\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"en_EN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Britanya\u2019da y\u00fckselen i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin seyri\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ayd\u0131n G\u00f6\u00e7men \u00a0 May\u0131s 2022\u2019den bu yana Britanya, y\u00fckseli\u015f ve duraksamalar\u0131yla bir grev dalgas\u0131na girmi\u015f durumda. Bu dalga, demiryolu i\u015f\u00e7ileri sendikas\u0131 RMT\u2019nin[1] 24 May\u0131s 2022\u2019de duyurdu\u011fu, Haziran\u2019daysa \u00fclkenin 13 ba\u015fl\u0131ca i\u015fletmesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen grevlerle ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu, \u0130ngiltere\u2019de, 1989\u2019dan bu yana i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ulusal \u00e7apta ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi ilk grevdi. 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