{"id":3549,"date":"2023-11-22T11:44:45","date_gmt":"2023-11-22T08:44:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/?p=3549"},"modified":"2023-11-22T11:44:45","modified_gmt":"2023-11-22T08:44:45","slug":"cumpar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2023\/11\/22\/cumpar\/","title":{"rendered":"Cumhuriyet ve parlamento"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sinan Birdal<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

ta ata aa ta ta ha ta tta ta<\/em><\/p>\n

tarih<\/em><\/p>\n

s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n
\nm\u00fccadelesidir<\/em><\/p>\n

1921<\/em><\/p>\n

kanunisani 28
\nkaradeniz
\nburjuvazi
\nbiz<\/p>\n

on be\u015f kasap \u00e7engelinde sallanan
\non be\u015f kesik ba\u015f
\nyolda\u015f<\/em><\/p>\n

bunlar\u0131n sen<\/em><\/p>\n

isimlerini akl\u0131nda tutma<\/em><\/p>\n

fakat<\/em><\/p>\n

28 kanunisaniyi unutma!<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

n\u00e2z\u0131m hikmet, moskova 1923<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

1 Kas\u0131m 2015 se\u00e7imlerinden g\u00fcnler \u00f6nce 27 Ekim\u2019de Evrensel gazetesinde \u015f\u00f6yle yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m:<\/p>\n

\u201cCumhuriyetin 92. y\u0131l\u0131ndaki siyasi kriz kurulu\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki temel anayasal sorunlar\u0131 tekrar g\u00fcncelliyor: Devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir ki\u015finin elinde olup olamayaca\u011f\u0131 sorunu ve devlet te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n idari yap\u0131s\u0131.<\/em>\u201d[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

A\u011fustos 2023 itibar\u0131yla bu sorunlar \u015fimdilik a\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015fa benziyor. \u0130ktidar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131rsa mevcut \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yeni bir anayasayla (kelimenin tam anlam\u0131yla) \u201cta\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lacak\u201d. Ne var ki, sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zm\u00fc\u015f anayasa ancak ya Platon\u2019un diyaloglar\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerde ya da devletin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir toplumsal varl\u0131kta olabilece\u011finden, \u201cSorun a\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u201d derken asl\u0131nda sorunun, siyasal \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ba\u015fka bir d\u00fczleme ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kastediyorum. Peki, neydi kurulu\u015fun temel sorunu? 2023 cumhuriyeti bu sorunu nas\u0131l a\u015ft\u0131? \u015eu anki sorun nedir? Bu denemede cevaplar\u0131 ararken takip edilecek rota olarak parlamento ve \u015fiddet ayg\u0131tlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir patika \u00e7izece\u011fim. \u0130lkin, mevcut siyasi rejimin kurulu\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131 olan 2015-2016 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda beni tekrardan 1923 \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye sevk eden \u015feyi tart\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m: Parlamentonun tasfiyesi. Sonra, bu tasfiyeyi liberal cumhuriyet ele\u015ftirisinin k\u00f6r noktas\u0131na geri g\u00f6t\u00fcrece\u011fim: Onbe\u015flerin katline.<\/p>\n

Cumhuriyet tarihi boyunca parlamento toprak sahipleri, ta\u015fra e\u015fraf\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck kent burjuvazisini ve orta s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131 temsil eden bir kurum oldu. \u015eiddet ayg\u0131tlar\u0131yla ve en ba\u015fta orduyla ili\u015fkisi ini\u015fli \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fl\u0131yd\u0131. Liberal ve merkez sa\u011f tezler parlamentonun ordu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki me\u015frulu\u011fu \u00fczerine kuruludur. 27 May\u0131s darbesi Demirel\u2019in tabiriyle \u201cmilletin iradesini asm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d 12 Mart\u2019ta Demirel Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131ktan ve Ecevit CHP Genel Sekreterli\u011finden istifa ederek parlamentoyu kurtarm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u201cKurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f parlamento\u201d \u00f6nce Deniz Gezmi\u015f, H\u00fcseyin \u0130nan ve Yusuf Aslan\u2019\u0131n idam\u0131n\u0131 onaylam\u0131\u015f, sonra cuntac\u0131 G\u00fcrler\u2019i cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7meyerek itibar\u0131n\u0131 geri kazanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lerleyen y\u0131llar, parlamento kahramanlar\u0131 Demirel-Ecevit ikilisini ve nihayet t\u00fcm siyasi partiler ve toplumsal \u00f6rg\u00fctleri tasfiye edecek kontrgerillan\u0131n iktidara geli\u015fini nas\u0131l \u00e7aresizce izlediklerinin hikayesidir. \u015eimdi ise parlamento tek-adam rejimine kar\u015f\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olarak \u00f6neriliyor. Parlamento kontrgerillayla, \u015fiddet ayg\u0131tlar\u0131yla ba\u015f edebilir mi?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2015 Baykal Nutku<\/strong><\/p>\n

23 Haziran 2015\u2019te CHP Antalya milletvekili Deniz Baykal favori pozu olan devlet adam\u0131 tavr\u0131 ve ka\u015flar\u0131yla TBMM\u2019yi a\u00e7\u0131yordu:<\/p>\n

\u201cBu g\u00fcn \u00fcyesi olmaktan onur duydu\u011fumuz TBMM iki ay \u00f6nce 95. Kurulu\u015f y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kutlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en eski en k\u00f6kl\u00fc parlamentolar\u0131ndan birisidir. Milli m\u00fccadeleyi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f, sava\u015flar isyanlar ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f bir Gazi Meclistir. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n pek \u00e7ok yerinde millet meclislerini devletler kurmu\u015ftur. Bizde ise devleti de orduyu da Millet Meclisi kurmu\u015ftur. TBMM anayasay\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011fil, devleti kurdu\u011fu i\u00e7in Kurucu Meclistir. TBMM bu bir asra yakla\u015fan tarihi i\u00e7inde misak\u0131 milli kapsam\u0131nda egemen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir devlet kurmu\u015f, cumhuriyet devrimlerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f, tek partili rejimden \u00e7ok partili rejime ge\u00e7i\u015fi sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f, e\u011fitim, hukuk, kad\u0131n erkek e\u015fitli\u011fi, sanayile\u015fme, ekonomik kalk\u0131nma alanlar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck ilerlemeler sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1999 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00a0en b\u00fcy\u00fck yirmi ekonomisinden biriyiz. Bu tablo, milletimizin ve onu temsil eden TBMM’nin iftihar tablosudur. T\u00fcrkiye’yi bu noktaya ta\u015f\u0131makta ku\u015faklar boyunca hakk\u0131 ve eme\u011fi ge\u00e7en, b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 \u015f\u00fckranla anmak manevi borcumuzdur.<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Geriye bak\u0131nca Baykal\u2019\u0131 bir Shakespeare sahnesinde Marcus Antonius rol\u00fcnde kuca\u011f\u0131nda kanlar i\u00e7indeki parlamentoyu ta\u015f\u0131rken g\u00f6rebiliriz: \u201cCaesar\u2019\u0131 \u00f6vmeye de\u011fil, g\u00f6mmeye<\/em>\u201d geldim. Lakin, Baykal toga de\u011fil, frak giymekteydi. Haberlere g\u00f6re, \u201cBas\u0131n mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n, \u2018Frak\u0131n\u0131z\u00a0yak\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f\u2019\u00a0\u015feklindeki iltifatlar\u0131na Baykal, \u2018Hi\u00e7bir frak kal\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir\u2019 yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 verdi. Son haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zlenen Deniz Baykal’\u0131n aceleci tavr\u0131 dikkatlerden ka\u00e7mad\u0131\u201d<\/em>.[3]<\/sup><\/a> Nitekim, meclis ba\u015fkan\u0131 belirlenmeden h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kurma g\u00f6revini vermeyece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klayan Erdo\u011fan, Baykal\u2019\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeye davet etmi\u015fti. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu\u2019nun by-pass edildi\u011fi bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme i\u00e7in Baykal sarayda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemesini \u015fart ko\u015fmu\u015f ve kendini cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na anayasal g\u00f6revleri ve yetkilerinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatan bir meclis ba\u015fkan\u0131 namzeti pozisyonu bi\u00e7mi\u015fti. Erdo\u011fan bir yandan Baykal\u2019la g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrken, di\u011fer yandan T\u00fcrke\u015f \u00fczerinden MHP\u2019ye uzan\u0131yor, bununla meclis ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imleri ve meclis hi\u00e7bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapamadan se\u00e7ime gidilmesi \u00fczerinde anla\u015f\u0131yordu. 23 Temmuz 2015\u2019te AKP S\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc Be\u015fir Atalay parti \u00f6rg\u00fctlerine yollad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cParti s\u00f6zc\u00fclerimiz i\u00e7in ortak s\u00f6ylem notu\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 erken se\u00e7im talimat\u0131nda parlamentoyu etkisizle\u015ftirme \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan ediyordu:<\/p>\n

\u201cDo\u011fru siyasi hamlelerle kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda olu\u015fturulmak istenen %60’l\u0131k blok da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. TBMM Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Se\u00e7imi iyi y\u00f6netilmi\u015f ve ba\u015far\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu partimiz ve taban\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck moral \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnden itibaren TBMM’nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 bizim insiyatifimizde olmu\u015f, Meclis son derece iyi \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi\u011fimiz d\u00fczenlemeler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (L\u00fcbnan Tezkeresi, RT\u00dcK \u00dcyeleri se\u00e7imi gibi \u00f6rnekler verilebilir.)<\/em>\u201d[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Tek-Adamla\u015fma: Parti, Grup, Parlamento<\/strong><\/p>\n

7 Haziran-1 Kas\u0131m aras\u0131nda AKP\u2019nin parlamento manevralar\u0131n\u0131, o d\u00f6nem Mirg\u00fcn Cabas\u2019\u0131n \u201cHer \u015eey\u201d program\u0131nda Siyaset Bilimi Profes\u00f6r\u00fc Ersin Kalayc\u0131o\u011flu \u00f6zetlemi\u015fti.[5]<\/sup><\/a> Ba\u015fbakan Davuto\u011flu\u2019nun bakanl\u0131k teklifini parti gruplar\u0131n\u0131 es ge\u00e7erek do\u011frudan milletvekillerine g\u00f6t\u00fcrmesinin Anayasa ve Meclis i\u00e7t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu vurgulayan Kalayc\u0131o\u011flu, bu takti\u011fe \u015fu nedenle itiraz ediyordu: \u201cParti disiplininiz tehlikeye giriyor. Ve parti disiplini esas\u0131na g\u00f6re meclis \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmazsa hangi esasa g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131 belli de\u011fil. Meclisin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli tohumlar\u0131 atm\u0131\u015f oluyorsunuz… T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Meclisle y\u00f6netilmesini zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/em>\u201d[6]<\/sup><\/a> Ba\u015fbakan Davuto\u011flu\u2019nun bakanl\u0131k teklifini reddeden Levent T\u00fczel, \u201cBakan olarak \u00f6nerilecek isimlerin, partileri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla belirlenmesi yoluna bile gidilmemi\u015f<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a> oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekerken parti disiplinini bozmaya y\u00f6nelik bu hamleyi \u201cantidemokratik\u201d olarak nitelendirmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

AKP liderli\u011fi asl\u0131nda kurulu\u015ftaki parlamento strateji ve takti\u011fini izleyerek muhalefeti grup siyaseti \u00fczerinden etkisizle\u015ftirmekteydi. Kurucu Meclis y\u00fcr\u00fctme, yarg\u0131 ve yasama yetkilerini elinde toplam\u0131\u015f bir parlamentoydu ve bir\u00e7ok kez Meclis Ba\u015fkan\u0131 s\u0131fat\u0131yla Mustafa Kemal\u2019le ters d\u00fc\u015fen kararlar alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kurucu Meclis\u2019in se\u00e7ti\u011fi ilk \u00fc\u00e7 i\u00e7i\u015fleri bakan\u0131, Abd\u00fclk\u00e2dir Cami Baykurt (3 May\u0131s – 13 Temmuz 1920), Hakk\u0131 Behi\u00e7 Bayi\u00e7 (17 Temmuz – 4 Eyl\u00fcl 1920) ve Naz\u0131m Resmor \u00d6ztelli (4 – 6 Eyl\u00fcl 1920) Mustafa Kemal taraf\u0131ndan reddedilmi\u015fti. 2 A\u011fustos 1920\u2019de Hakk\u0131 Behi\u00e7\u2019in bakanl\u0131ktan istifa etmesi \u00fczerine, 4 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de meclisteki se\u00e7imi Mustafa Kemal\u2019in aday\u0131 Refet Bele de\u011fil, solcu Halk Z\u00fcmresi grubunun \u00fcyesi Naz\u0131m Resmor kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ye\u015fil Ordu\u2019nun ve Halk \u0130\u015ftirakiyun F\u0131rkas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kurucusu ve y\u00f6neticisi olan Naz\u0131m Bey Mustafa Kemal taraf\u0131ndan Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019ne casuslukla su\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f, kendisine randevu verilmemi\u015f, \u00c7erkez Ethem\u2019e rica edilerek istifaya zorlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

CHP\u2019nin do\u011fu\u015fu, tarihsel muadilleri olan on dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n di\u011fer kadro partileri gibi, parlamento i\u00e7inden oldu. 1920 boyunca mecliste istedi\u011fi \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu kuramayan Mustafa Kemal 10 May\u0131s 1921\u2019de parti disiplinine sahip bir Anadolu ve Rumeli M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Grubu kurdu. Grubun i\u00e7 t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde b\u00fct\u00fcn mebuslar\u0131n M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk \u00fcyesi oldu\u011fu yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ama 90 mebus gruba davet edilmemi\u015fti. Davet edilen grup \u00f6nce Cumhuriyet Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131na daha sonra Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi\u2019ne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fecekti. Mustafa Kemal bu grubu da disipline etmek i\u00e7in 17 ki\u015filik gizli bir grup olu\u015fturacakt\u0131. Gruptan d\u0131\u015flanan mebuslar ise ideolojik bir b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck arz etmiyordu, ortak noktalar\u0131 Mustafa Kemal taraf\u0131ndan m\u00fcttefik olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmemeleriydi. Bu mebuslar Temmuz 1922\u2019de \u0130kinci M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Grubu\u2019nu kurdu ve g\u00fc\u00e7lenen meclis ba\u015fkan\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctme \u00fczerinde meclisin yetkilerini savundu. Mustafa Kemal\u2019e verilen ba\u015fkumandanl\u0131k yetkileri konusunda meclisteki tart\u0131\u015fmalar mebuslar\u0131n sava\u015f sonras\u0131 rejime dair otoriterle\u015fme kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131r. Bu tart\u0131\u015fmalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda Mustafa Kemal\u2019in meclisi da\u011f\u0131tmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesine ra\u011fmen bunu uygulamamas\u0131\/uygulayamamas\u0131 parlamentonun i\u015flevi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken bir olayd\u0131r. 28 Haziran 1923 se\u00e7imlerinde \u0130kinci Grup tasfiye edilmesine ra\u011fmen mecliste bu sefer Mustafa Kemal\u2019in tarafs\u0131z bir devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 konumuna gelmesini savunan K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir, Rauf Orbay ve Ali Fuat Cebesoy gibi isimlerin etraf\u0131nda bir muhalefet olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilan\u0131, 1924 Anayasas\u0131 ve 1925\u2019teki Takrir-i S\u00fckun (OHAL) rejiminden parti devletinin kuruldu\u011fu 1935\u2019e kadar parlamentoda muhalefetin etkisizle\u015ftirilme s\u00fcreci devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

AKP\u2019nin 2023 s\u00f6ylemi, Yeni T\u00fcrkiye slogan\u0131 bir kuruculuk iddias\u0131n\u0131n ifadesidir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki model Osmanl\u0131 sultanlar\u0131ndan ziyade Mustafa Kemal gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki anayasal krizin cumhuriyet rejiminin kurulu\u015fundaki krizle bi\u00e7imsel olarak \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmesi tesad\u00fcf olmasa gerek: Devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctmeyi fiilen y\u00f6netmesi. Kuvvetler birli\u011fine dayanan Birinci Meclis meclisten \u00f6zerk bir kabine de\u011fil, bir meclis komisyonu olan \u0130cra Vekilleri Heyeti\u2019ni kurmu\u015ftu. Bu d\u00f6nemde kendisinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir kabine ve ba\u015fbakan\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan M. Kemal vekil adaylar\u0131n\u0131 belirleme yetkisini ele ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in muhalefetle \u00e7at\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1923 se\u00e7imlerinde muhalif \u0130kinci Grubun tasfiyesi ba\u015far\u0131ld\u0131ysa da M. Kemal bu kez kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kendisine tarafs\u0131z devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 telkin eden Rauf Orbay ve Kaz\u0131m Karabekir\u2019i bulacakt\u0131r. Muhalefeti etkisiz hale getirmek i\u00e7in bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet krizi \u00e7\u0131kartan Mustafa Kemal\u2019in \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc kabine sistemini kabul etmek ve cumhuriyeti ilan etmektir. H\u0131zla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen basit bir de\u011fi\u015fiklikle devlet reisi olan reisicumhurun gerekti\u011finde hem meclise hem de bakanlar kuruluna ba\u015fkanl\u0131k etmesi kabul edilir. Reisicumhur ba\u015fvekili se\u00e7ecek ve kabineyi meclis onay\u0131na sunacakt\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca reisicumhur parti liderli\u011fine de devam edebilecektir. Cumhuriyetin kurucu iktidar\u0131 b\u00f6yle olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Mustafa Kemal\u2019in icra kuvveti askeri komuta kuvvetine ve askeri zaferden elde etti\u011fi me\u015fruiyete dayanmaktad\u0131r. Yeni bir kurucu iktidar i\u00e7in de herhalde ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullar ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n

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\u015eiddet ara\u00e7lar\u0131yla manevra <\/strong><\/p>\n

1980li y\u0131llardan itibaren sol liberal tarihyaz\u0131m\u0131 Kurucu Meclisin \u0130kinci Grubu\u2019nu Kemalizm ele\u015ftirisinin merkezine oturttu. \u0130kinci Grubun liberal s\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc Trabzon mebusu Ali \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Bey\u2019in Topal Osman taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi bu ele\u015ftirinin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 sembolik bir olayd\u0131r. Ancak, bu cinayete vesile olacak husumetin ba\u015fka bir cinayetin sonucu oldu\u011fu genelde unutulur.<\/p>\n

22 Ocak 1921\u2019de Kurucu Meclis\u2019in gizli oturumunda Mustafa Kemal, Mustafa Suphi ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclkeye giri\u015fiyle ilgili baz\u0131 mebuslar\u0131n ele\u015ftirileri \u00fczerine \u015fu a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 yapar:<\/p>\n

\u201cHalbuki Mustafa Suphi son zamanlarda memleketimize gelmek \u00fczere bulunuyordu. Bunlardan bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 sahil tarikiyle g\u00f6ndermi\u015fler, kendisi de Kars \u00fczerinden gelmek istiyordu. Bunu haber alan Erzurumlular b\u00f6yle bir adam\u0131n memleket dahiline girmesinden son derece m\u00fcteheyyi\u00e7 olmu\u015flar ve memlekete sokulmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in te\u015febb\u00fcsatta bulundular. Makamat\u0131 resmiyeye m\u00fcracaat ettiler. Bu adam memleketimize girerse par\u00e7alar\u0131z.<\/em>\u201d[8]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130kinci Grubun \u00f6nde gelenlerinden Erzurum mebusu H\u00fcseyin Avni Bey\u2019in \u0131srarl\u0131 ele\u015ftirileri \u00fczerine Mustafa Kemal tekrar k\u00fcrs\u00fcye \u00e7\u0131kar. Kendisinin kom\u00fcnist bir parti kurdurmas\u0131n\u0131 ve Bol\u015feviklerle ili\u015fkilerini ele\u015ftiren d\u00f6nemin Transatlantik\u00e7ilerine kar\u015f\u0131 stratejik hatt\u0131n\u0131 savunur:<\/p>\n

\u201cBir zaman geldi ki Ankara’da, Eski\u015fehir’de, \u015furada burada memleketin hemen bir \u00e7ok yerlerinde bir \u00e7ok insanlar, birbiriyle rab\u0131tadar olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, Kom\u00fcnistlik te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131 kurmaya ve ayn\u0131 zamanda hari\u00e7ten de birtak\u0131m insanlar serseri surette memlekette dola\u015fmaya ve ayn\u0131 zamanda propaganda yapmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r\u2026 Fakat m\u00fcnevveran dahi dahil oldu\u011fu halde Halk, Ordu Kom\u00fcnizmin ne oldu\u011funu bilmiyor. Yaln\u0131z kuvvei naciye olabilece\u011fi itikad\u0131na zahip olmu\u015f ise o zaman k\u00f6r\u00fc k\u00f6r\u00fcne cahilane kom\u00fcnizm olabilir veyahut milletin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 kalili, k\u0131sm\u0131 c\u00fczisi temay\u00fcl edebilir. Bu suretle ekalliyetin ekalliyeti denecek mertebede tekevv\u00fcn edecek bu kuvvet kendini \u015f\u00e2mil ve h\u00e2kim bir kuvvet farzederek, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc vukufsuzlu\u011fu ve\u00e7hile bir te\u015fekk\u00fcl olaca\u011f\u0131ndan derhal memleket dahilinde – Bittabi bu gibi ink\u0131l\u00e2bat\u0131n heyeti umumiyei milliyemiz taraf\u0131ndan derhal imha edilece\u011fine mutmainiz – herhalde bir feveran olabilir, bir ink\u0131l\u00e2p te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fc olabilir. Bu itibarla H\u00fck\u00fcmet tedbir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek mecburiyetinde kal\u0131r. Efendiler, iki t\u00fcrl\u00fc tedbir olabilirdi. Birisi; do\u011frudan do\u011fruya Kom\u00fcnizm diyenin kafas\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131rmak; di\u011feri, Rusya’dan gelen her adam\u0131 derhal denizden gelmi\u015f ise vapurdan \u00e7\u0131karmamak, karadan gelmi\u015f ise hududun haricine defetmek gibi zecr\u00ee, \u015fedid, k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 tedbir kullanmak.<\/em>\u201d[9]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Uzun a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Mustafa Kemal \u015fu sonuca var\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\u201cKom\u00fcnist te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131na ne gibi m\u00fcl\u00e2hazata binaen H\u00fck\u00fcmet serbesti vermi\u015f oldu\u011funu da izah ettim. K\u0131smen fakat yine bundan tevell\u00fcd edebilecek olan mahazire kar\u015f\u0131 dahi tedabiri \u015fedide ve katiye tatbiki ve imk\u00e2n\u0131 mahfuz bulundurulmu\u015ftur ve belki yak\u0131n zamanda bunun asar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6receksiniz.<\/em>\u201d[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Meclisteki gizli oturumundan bir hafta sonra, 28 Ocak\u2019\u0131 29\u2019a ba\u011flayan gece, Mustafa Suphi ve on d\u00f6rt yolda\u015f\u0131 Trabzon\u2019da Kay\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar Kahyas\u0131 Yahya \u00e7etesi taraf\u0131ndan katledildi. Yahya faili me\u00e7hul bir \u015fekilde \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Yahya\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fcndeme getiren Trabzon mebusu Ali \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Bey Topal Osman taraf\u0131ndan, bu sonuncusu da \u0130smail Hakk\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. \u015eiddet, \u0130kinci Gruptan 1970lerdeki Ecevit\u2019e parlamento savunucular\u0131n\u0131n en k\u00f6r noktas\u0131n\u0131, yumu\u015fak karn\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n

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Topal Osman\u2019a iade-i itibar<\/strong><\/p>\n

Son d\u00f6nemdeki tek-adamla\u015fmaya ko\u015fut olarak, parlamento tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kayda de\u011fer bir geli\u015fme Topal Osman\u2019\u0131n \u0130mamo\u011flu\u2019ndan Bah\u00e7eli\u2019ye kahramanl\u0131k stat\u00fcs\u00fcne y\u00fckseltilmesi oldu. 23 Haziran 2019 se\u00e7imlerinden \u00f6nce Ekrem \u0130mamo\u011flu Giresun\u2019daki mitinginde siyasi karakterini \u015f\u00f6yle tan\u0131ml\u0131yordu:<\/p>\n

\u201cBir de ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fum de\u011ferler var. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin o g\u00fczelim Misak-\u0131 Milli s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na, komutanlar\u0131na, askerlerine, benim dedeme, sizlerin dedelerine, Topal Osman\u2019a, bayra\u011f\u0131na, havas\u0131na, suyuna, do\u011fas\u0131na, bu \u00fclkenin kurulu\u015f de\u011ferlerine, Cumhuriyet\u2019e, demokrasiye, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n d\u00fcnden bug\u00fcne gelip, yar\u0131nlara ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n yolunu a\u00e7an, bu \u00fclkenin tek lideri Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131y\u0131m.<\/em>\u201d[11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

2 Nisan 1923 tarihli ve 370 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131yla, Kurucu Meclisin g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p ba\u015fs\u0131z v\u00fccudunun kap\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde ayaklar\u0131ndan as\u0131larak te\u015fhir edilmesini emretti\u011fi Topal Osman\u2019\u0131 \u0130mamo\u011flu\u2019nun de\u011ferlerinden biri yapan acaba nedir?<\/p>\n

Topal Osman\u2019a dair de\u011ferlendirmeler miting meydanlar\u0131nda kalmad\u0131. 8 Haziran 2022\u2019de MHP Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Devlet Bah\u00e7eli \u201cMilli M\u00fccadelenin yi\u011fit kahraman\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk milletinin fedakar evlad\u0131<\/em>\u201d Topal Osman\u2019\u0131n hukuki itibar\u0131n\u0131n iadesi i\u00e7in TBMM\u2019ye kanun teklifi verdi. Bah\u00e7eli\u2019ye g\u00f6re Topal Osman\u2019\u0131n \u201cMustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk taraf\u0131ndan verilen emirle, kabri Giresun Kalesi\u2019nde bulunan An\u0131t Mezara ta\u015f\u0131nmak suretiyle, kendisine duyulan muhabbet ve itibar\u0131na duyulan \u00f6zen kurucu irade taraf\u0131ndan bizzat ilan edilmi\u015ftir.<\/em>\u201d[12]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Bah\u00e7eli\u2019nin giri\u015fiminin AKP taban\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda rahats\u0131zl\u0131k yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. 27 Mart 2022\u2019de Topal Osman taraf\u0131ndan katledili\u015finin 99. y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde, Ali \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Bey\u2019in mezar\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda AKP Trabzon \u0130l Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Sezgin Mumcu\u2019nun da kat\u0131ld\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir bir anma d\u00fczenleyen Trabzon Sivil \u0130nisiyatif Platformu \u00fcyesi bir grup iade-i itibar \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in yine mezar ba\u015f\u0131nda bir bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapt\u0131.[13]<\/sup><\/a> Yeni Akit\u2019ten Mustafa Arma\u011fan ise Topal Osman\u2019\u0131n Ali \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc\u2019y\u00fc \u00f6ld\u00fcrtmedi\u011fini, Mustafa Kemal\u2019in her ikisini de tasfiye etti\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrerek milliyet\u00e7iler-mukaddesat\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki gerilimi a\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[14]<\/sup><\/a> Se\u00e7im zaman\u0131 muhtemelen bu gerginlik nedeniyle MHP ve AKP\u2019nin \u00f6ncelik vermedi\u011fi bu kanun teklifi \u015fimdi MHP-AKP tabanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir Topal Osman s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmesinden medet uman \u0130Y\u0130P taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcndeme getiriliyor. 20 Temmuz 2023\u2019te \u0130Y\u0130P \u0130stanbul Milletvekili ve Yerel Y\u00f6netimlerden Sorumlu Genel Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131\u00a0Burak Akburak Topal Osman A\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n itibar\u0131n\u0131n iade edilmesi i\u00e7in TBMM\u2019ye kanun teklifi sundu.[15]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

G\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmi\u015f parlamentocular\u0131n bir parlamenter katiline g\u00f6sterdikleri bu derin muhabbet parlamentarizmin \u00e7\u0131kmaz\u0131n\u0131n en bariz g\u00f6stergesi. Cumhuriyet tarihi ise parlamentonun \u015fiddet ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ve kontrgerillaya kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda etkisiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hatta en kritik d\u00f6neme\u00e7lerde toplumsal hareketlere kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fiddet ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n kanun ve anayasay\u0131 \u00e7i\u011fnemelerine destek verdi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. D\u00fcnyadaki di\u011fer parlamentolar\u0131n tarihi de bu tespiti do\u011fruluyor: Genel oy ilkesiyle se\u00e7ilen ve yasama g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kullanan kurullar\u0131n \u00f6zerkli\u011fi ancak toplumun \u00f6z-\u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve etkili oldu\u011fu zamanlarda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oluyor. \u00d6z-y\u00f6netimin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir parlamentarizm er ya da ge\u00e7 demir yumruklu bir idarenin kontrol\u00fcne giriyor.<\/p>\n

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[1]<\/sup><\/a> Birdal, S. (2015) \u201cCumhuriyet\u201d, Evrensel,<\/em> https:\/\/www.evrensel.net\/yazi\/75175\/cumhuriyet<\/a><\/p>\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> CNN T\u00fcrk (23 Haziran 2015) \u201c\u0130\u015fte Baykal’\u0131n Meclis a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131\u201d, https:\/\/www.cnnturk.com\/video\/turkiye\/iste-baykalin-meclis-acilis-konusmasi<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> Karar (23 Haziran, 2015) \u201cBaykal: \u2018Hi\u00e7bir frak kal\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir\u2019\u201d, https:\/\/www.karar.com\/baykal-hicbir-frak-kalici-degildir-17990<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> S\u00f6zc\u00fc (2015) \u201cAKP\u2019den erken se\u00e7im talimat\u0131\u201d, https:\/\/www.sozcu.com.tr\/2015\/gundem\/akpden-erken-secim-talimati-896893\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u015fu yaz\u0131lara dayanmakta: \u201cFiili g\u00fc\u00e7 ve ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc hal\u201d, Evrensel<\/em>, 25 A\u011fustos 2015, https:\/\/www.evrensel.net\/yazi\/74742\/fiili-guc-ve-olaganustu-hal<\/a>; \u201cFiili g\u00fc\u00e7 ve parlamento\u201d, Evrensel<\/em>, 1 Eyl\u00fcl 2015, https:\/\/www.evrensel.net\/yazi\/74793\/fiili-guc-ve-parlamento<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 CNN T\u00fcrk (26 A\u011fustos 2015) \u201cHer \u015eey\u201d.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> Bianet (27 A\u011fustos 2015) \u201cLevent T\u00fczel Bakanl\u0131k Teklifini Reddetti\u201d, https:\/\/m.bianet.org\/bianet\/siyaset\/167137-levent-tuzel-bakanlik-teklifini-reddetti<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> TBMM Gizli Celse Zab\u0131tlar\u0131<\/em>, Devre 1, Cilt 1, \u0130\u00e7tima 1, 22.1.1337, Celse 4, s. 327, https:\/\/www5.tbmm.gov.tr\/tutanaklar\/TUTANAK\/GZC\/d01\/CILT01\/gcz01001136.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> TBMM Gizli Celse Zab\u0131tlar\u0131<\/em>, Devre 1, Cilt 1, \u0130\u00e7tima 1, 22.1.1337, Celse 4, ss. 333-334, https:\/\/www5.tbmm.gov.tr\/tutanaklar\/TUTANAK\/GZC\/d01\/CILT01\/gcz01001136.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> TBMM Gizli Celse Zab\u0131tlar\u0131<\/em>, Devre 1, Cilt 1, \u0130\u00e7tima 1, 22.1.1337, Celse 4, s. 335, https:\/\/www5.tbmm.gov.tr\/tutanaklar\/TUTANAK\/GZC\/d01\/CILT01\/gcz01001136.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> S\u00f6zc\u00fc (2019) \u201c\u0130mamo\u011flu: Onlar\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ak\u0131ls\u0131z yola girmeyece\u011fim\u201d, https:\/\/www.sozcu.com.tr\/2019\/gundem\/imamoglu-onlarin-yurudugu-akilsiz-yola-girmeyecegim-5052302\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> S\u00f6zc\u00fc (2022) \u201cBah\u00e7eli\u2019den Topal Osman A\u011fa i\u00e7in itibar iadesi\u00a0teklifi\u201d, https:\/\/www.sozcu.com.tr\/2022\/gundem\/bahceliden-topal-osman-aga-icin-itibar-iadesi-teklifi-7182556\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> Art\u0131 Ger\u00e7ek (2022) \u201cBah\u00e7eli\u2019nin Topal Osman\u2019a iade-i itibar teklifine Trabzon\u2019da tepki\u201d, https:\/\/artigercek.com\/politika\/bahceli-den-topal-osman-in-itibarinin-iadesi-icin-kanun-teklifi-1-214590h<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> Yeni Akit (2022) Mustafa Arma\u011fan, \u201cAli \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Bey\u2019i Topal Osman m\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc?\u201d, https:\/\/www.yeniakit.com.tr\/yazarlar\/mustafa-armagan\/ali-sukru-beyi-topal-osman-mi-oldurdu-39376.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> T24 (2023) \u201cTopal Osman’\u0131n iade-i itibar\u0131 i\u00e7in kanun teklifi\u201d, https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/topal-osman-in-iade-i-itibari-icin-kanun-teklifi,1121081<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sinan Birdal \u00a0 ta ata aa ta ta ha ta tta ta tarih s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n m\u00fccadelesidir 1921 kanunisani 28 karadeniz burjuvazi biz on be\u015f kasap \u00e7engelinde sallanan on be\u015f kesik ba\u015f yolda\u015f bunlar\u0131n sen isimlerini akl\u0131nda tutma fakat 28 kanunisaniyi unutma! \u00a0 n\u00e2z\u0131m hikmet, moskova 1923   1 Kas\u0131m 2015 se\u00e7imlerinden g\u00fcnler \u00f6nce 27 Ekim\u2019de Evrensel gazetesinde \u015f\u00f6yle yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m: \u201cCumhuriyetin 92. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3550,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[626,627,282],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3549","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-61-sayi-guz-2023","category-100-yilin-bakiyesi","category-sinan-birdal"],"yoast_head":"\nCumhuriyet ve parlamento<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2023\/11\/22\/cumpar\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"en_EN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cumhuriyet ve parlamento\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sinan Birdal \u00a0 ta ata aa ta ta ha ta tta ta tarih s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n m\u00fccadelesidir 1921 kanunisani 28 karadeniz burjuvazi biz on be\u015f kasap \u00e7engelinde sallanan on be\u015f kesik ba\u015f yolda\u015f bunlar\u0131n sen isimlerini akl\u0131nda tutma fakat 28 kanunisaniyi unutma! \u00a0 n\u00e2z\u0131m hikmet, moskova 1923   1 Kas\u0131m 2015 se\u00e7imlerinden g\u00fcnler \u00f6nce 27 Ekim\u2019de Evrensel gazetesinde \u015f\u00f6yle yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m: \u201cCumhuriyetin 92. 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