{"id":3544,"date":"2023-11-22T11:25:07","date_gmt":"2023-11-22T08:25:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/?p=3544"},"modified":"2023-11-22T11:39:52","modified_gmt":"2023-11-22T08:39:52","slug":"100-yil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2023\/11\/22\/100-yil\/","title":{"rendered":"100. y\u0131lda Kemalizm ve Cumhuriyete \u2018soldan\u2019 bak\u0131\u015f"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mustafa Yal\u00e7\u0131ner<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Cumhuriyetin 100. y\u0131l\u0131na Mustafa Kemal d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 dinci gericili\u011fin egemenli\u011finde giriliyor. M. Kemal ve Kemalist hareketle uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fma g\u00f6t\u00fcrmez. Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce Kemalist hareket i\u015fgale u\u011frayan \u00fclkede emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 saf tutmu\u015fken, g\u00fcncel dinci tekelci gericilik i\u015fbirlik\u00e7idir. Ve ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta iktidar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in, dinci gericili\u011fin dayanaklar\u0131n\u0131 budam\u0131\u015f; bu kapsamda saltanat ve hilafeti kald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, laiklik ilan edip din i\u015flerini Diyanet\u2019in komutas\u0131nda toplayarak, tarikatlar da i\u00e7inde, dini \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Feodal s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ili\u015fkilerine son verecek a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan bir devrime, toprak devrimine dayanmay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve t\u00fcm\u00fc yukar\u0131dan reformlar olmas\u0131 temel bir zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yd\u0131 ve dini \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeler yer alt\u0131na inerken dinin s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen kitleler \u00fczerindeki etkisi s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Emperyalistlerle tekelci burjuvazinin deste\u011fiyle giderek palazland\u0131r\u0131lan dinci gericilik M. Kemal ve cumhuriyet d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruyup ya\u015fatt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn emperyalizm taraf\u0131ndan desteklenen dinci gericili\u011fin ba\u015fl\u0131ca dayana\u011f\u0131 tekellerdir. Aczmendiler t\u00fcr\u00fc \u201cbald\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7\u0131plaklar<\/em>\u201d bir yana, Menzil \u00f6rne\u011finde tan\u0131k olundu\u011fu gibi, tarikatlar\u0131n bizzat kendileri holdingle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Emperyalistlerin oyunca\u011f\u0131 olan dincilik, burjuva devletin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hibe, ihale ve \u00e7e\u015fitli kolayl\u0131klarla, ekonomik dayanaklar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra cumhuriyete; merkezi ve yerel y\u00f6netimleriyle yasama ve yarg\u0131 dahil t\u00fcm devlet ayg\u0131t\u0131na \u00e7ullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve ordu, emniyet ve bakanl\u0131k kadrolar\u0131n\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na var\u0131ncaya dek siyasal olarak da \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ve siyasal toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmede her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn bir ileri ad\u0131m daha at\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

M. Kemal ve cumhuriyete d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131klar\u0131ysa s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Bu d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k, sadece her f\u0131rsatta bunu kusan Fesli Kadir (M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131o\u011flu) \u00f6rne\u011finde s\u00fcrm\u00fcyor, geneldir ve t\u00fcm dinci gericili\u011fi kaps\u0131yor. G\u00fclen Cemaati farkl\u0131 bir taktik izlemekteydi, ancak onun a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan M. Kemal de cumhuriyet de di\u015f biledikleri d\u00fc\u015fmanlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

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***<\/p>\n

CHP ise, M. Kemal\u2019in tan\u0131yamayaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011fi\u015fti ve cumhuriyetin ikinci y\u00fcz y\u0131l\u0131na olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131 bir parti olarak giriyor. Bunda \u015fa\u015f\u0131lacak \u015fey yok. CHP ve Cumhuriyetin sosyal temelinde farkl\u0131la\u015fma M. Kemal d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flad\u0131. Zaten c\u0131l\u0131z olan emperyalizm kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki tutum gittik\u00e7e esnedi, burjuvazinin emperyalizmle birle\u015fme e\u011filimleri ba\u015f g\u00f6sterdi ve giderek geli\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Bu kapsamda, CHP\u2019nin hala benimsedi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilkeleri de\u011fi\u015fti. Cumhuriyet\u00e7i ve milliyet\u00e7i olmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor; ama cumhuriyetin tan\u0131nmaz hale getirilmesi dayatmalar\u0131n\u0131 ya sineye \u00e7ekiyor ya da ele\u015ftirel tweet\u2019lerle ge\u00e7i\u015ftiriyor, milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fiyse anti-emperyalizmden yaln\u0131zca K\u00fcrt ve Suriyeli vb. d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na geriledi. Eskiden de halk\u00e7\u0131 de\u011fildi ve halk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k iddias\u0131 aldatmaya y\u00f6nelikti, bug\u00fcn de de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

1929 Bunal\u0131m\u0131 ve II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 nedeniyle zorunlu olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen devlet\u00e7ilik de, \u201c\u00f6zel te\u015febb\u00fcs<\/em>\u201d lehine gev\u015fetilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak yine de, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de neoliberalizmin ata\u011fa kalk\u0131\u015f\u0131na kadar Kamu \u0130ktisadi Te\u015fekk\u00fclleri (K\u0130T\u2019ler) ve Devlet Planlama Te\u015fkilat\u0131 gibi kurumlar\u0131 kapsayarak, etkisi giderek azalan devlet\u00e7ilikle bir \u201ckarma ekonomi<\/em>\u201d varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u015eimdi ordunun ia\u015fesi bile \u00f6zel \u015firketlerce sa\u011flan\u0131rken CHP sadece birka\u00e7 \u00f6zel sorunda \u201cdevlet\u00e7ilik<\/em>\u201dten s\u00f6z etti.<\/p>\n

\u0130lkelerden biri olan devrimcilikten eser kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z. Hala Kuvay\u0131 Milliyeci oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131ndaki CHP\u2019nin Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7eken Kemalist hareketle bir ilgisi kalmad\u0131. Kar\u015f\u0131 devrimin kaleleri olan tekelci kapitalizmi, yerli ve yabanc\u0131 tekellerle \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 ve bat\u0131 emperyalizminin sald\u0131rgan \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc NATO\u2019yu savunuyor.<\/p>\n

Laikli\u011fi giderek t\u00f6rp\u00fclendi; Kemalist laiklikten bile geriye CHP\u2019nin savunmakta oldu\u011fu \u00e7ok az \u015fey kald\u0131. Son y\u0131llarda dinci gericilik ve hamleleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen tutumunu anlamak i\u00e7in CHP\u2019nin son se\u00e7imlerdeki ittifaklar\u0131yla tutumlar\u0131na g\u00f6z at\u0131lmas\u0131 yeterli.<\/p>\n

CHP\u2019nin soluna ge\u00e7ildi\u011finde, orada da Kemalist hareket ve izledi\u011fi politikalarla cumhuriyet kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki tutumlar ilgi \u00e7ekicidir ve tarihsel s\u00fcreklilik g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

Son se\u00e7im s\u00fcrecinde konuyla ilgili \u00e7ok say\u0131da veri ortaya d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

***<\/h4>\n

Sol Parti\u2019nin resmi sitesinde parti imzas\u0131yla \u201cGerici Fa\u015fist \u0130ktidar\u0131 Yenece\u011fiz – Devrimci Demokratik Cumhuriyet \u0130\u00e7in Birle\u015felim<\/em>\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle bir a\u00e7\u0131klama var:<\/p>\n

\u201cGericili\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck tarihsel ad\u0131m olan Cumhuriyet\u2019in 97. y\u0131l\u0131nday\u0131z. Ba\u015fta Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk ve kurucular olmak \u00fczere, Anadolu\u2019ya ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131ran kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 sevgi ve sayg\u0131yla an\u0131yoruz<\/em>\u2026 \u00dcst\u00fcnden y\u00fcz y\u0131la yak\u0131n zaman ge\u00e7mi\u015f olan bu b\u00fcy\u00fck devrimci at\u0131l\u0131mdan geriye, ne yaz\u0131k ki co\u015fkuyla kutlanabilecek bir bayram kalmad\u0131. 1950\u2019lerden bug\u00fcne y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen, 12 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de kanl\u0131 fa\u015fist bir darbeyle y\u00fckseltilen ve son 18 y\u0131lda AKP iktidar\u0131yla ar\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kan kar\u015f\u0131 devrim s\u00fcreci, bug\u00fcn yoksul ve kapkaranl\u0131k bir \u00fclke yaratt\u0131.<\/em>\u201d[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

Tek a\u00e7\u0131klama bu de\u011fil. Bir y\u0131l sonra tekrar ediliyor:<\/p>\n

\u201c98 y\u0131l sonra bug\u00fcn ise 1920\u2019nin Cumhuriyet\u2019inden s\u00f6z etmek imkans\u0131z!\u00a0Cumhuriyet\u2019i ilerici birikimlerini tasfiye ederek y\u0131kt\u0131lar!\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u201c\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle Amerika\u2019n\u0131n So\u011fuk Sava\u015f stratejileri do\u011frultusunda yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lan\u00a0fa\u015fist-darbeci kontrgerilla devleti<\/strong>, Cumhuriyet\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7arak bug\u00fcnk\u00fc fiili \u015feriat rejiminin\u00a0<\/strong>ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6\u015fedi.<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

Sol Parti\u2019nin Kemalist hareket, Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 ve cumhuriyet de\u011ferlendirmeleri ba\u015ftan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f. 98 ya da 100 y\u0131l sonra 1920 cumhuriyeti tabii ki de\u011fi\u015fti. Ancak M. Kemal\u2019i pir\u00fcpak bir devrimci, cumhuriyet ilan\u0131na varan s\u00fcreci \u201cgericili\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck tarihsel ad\u0131m<\/em>\u201d ilan ederek, \u201cCumhuriyet\u2019in ilerici birikimlerinin tasfiye\u201d<\/em>sini \u201c1950\u2019lerden itibaren sa\u011fc\u0131 iktidarlar eliyle a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d<\/em>nda aramak, Kemalizm abart\u0131s\u0131 ve etkisini belirten, k\u00f6kleri ge\u00e7mi\u015fte olan milliyet\u00e7i bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce, M. Kemal burjuvazinin temsilcisi, Kemalist hareket de ulusal burjuvazinin hareketidir. Gen\u00e7 burjuvazinin i\u015f\u00e7i ve k\u00f6yl\u00fclere y\u00f6nelik b\u00fct\u00fcn halk\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 temsil etti\u011fi iddias\u0131ndaki aldat\u0131c\u0131 tutumu, iktidara geldikten ve hele iktidar oturduktan sonra bask\u0131 ve yasak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, ba\u015fta K\u00fcrtler olmak \u00fczere ezilen uluslar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaysa hak tan\u0131mama, bast\u0131rma i\u00e7erikli bir \u015fovenizm olarak \u015fekillenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, milli burjuvazinin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 temsil eden Kemalist hareket tutars\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00f6nderlik etti\u011fi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sava\u015f\u0131na damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurmu\u015f, Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131yla yar\u0131-s\u00f6m\u00fcrge T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015fmesi \u00f6nlenerek, siyasal ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu, evet, bir milli devrimdir; iktidar, emperyalizmin i\u015fbirlik\u00e7isi saray\u0131n temsil etti\u011fi merkezi feodaliteden burjuvazinin eline ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve \u00fczerine titredi\u011fi iktidar\u0131n\u0131 koruyup sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in burjuvazi elinden gelen her \u015feyi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Devrim ve sonradan kurulan CHP\u2019nin devrimcilik ilkesi daha \u00e7ok lafta kalan bir propaganda arac\u0131 olmu\u015f, Kemalist hareketin belirleyeni, burjuvazinin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 ve iktidar\u0131n\u0131n selametini g\u00f6zetmek olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Kemalist hareket ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k yanl\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r, \u00fclkenin i\u015fgali ko\u015fullar\u0131nda emperyalizm ve i\u015fbirlik\u00e7ilerine kar\u015f\u0131 anti-emperyalist bir tutum olarak olu\u015fmu\u015ftur ve ulusal kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ancak anti-emperyalizmi uzla\u015fmalar i\u00e7erir, c\u0131l\u0131zd\u0131r. Bu, temsilcili\u011fini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131, Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131na, Sultan\u2019\u0131n temsil etti\u011fi merkezi feodalite, onunla birlikte davranan ve i\u015fgalcilerle i\u015fbirli\u011fine y\u00f6nelenler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan toprak a\u011falar\u0131yla birlikte \u00f6nderlik eden burjuvazinin karakterinin do\u011fal sonucudur.<\/p>\n

Bu burjuvazi, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak Anadolu\u2019nun ticaret burjuvazisidir.<\/p>\n

Feodalizmin ve rekabet edemedi\u011fi yabanc\u0131 kapitalizmle ard\u0131ndan Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ili\u015fkilendi\u011fi emperyalizmin bask\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki sanayinin az geli\u015fti\u011fi \u00fclkede meta ekonomisi yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, sanayi kapitalizmi g\u00fcd\u00fck kal\u0131rken, geli\u015fen ba\u015fl\u0131ca ticaret kapitalizmi olmu\u015ftu. Temsilcilerinden biri olan, \u00f6zellikle liman kentlerine yerle\u015fen ve d\u0131\u015f ticarette arac\u0131l\u0131k yaparak emperyalistlere dayanakl\u0131k eden Levantenler, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te gerek Sultan ve gerekse emperyalistler ve geri kalan i\u015fgalcilerle i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapt\u0131. D\u0131\u015f ticaretle de ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak ticareti Anadolu\u2019ya yayan, hen\u00fcz kopmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 feodal \u00fcretime ba\u011flanan tefecilikle i\u00e7 i\u00e7e olan ticaret burjuvaziyse, oldu\u011fu kadar\u0131yla sanayi burjuvazisiyle birlikte i\u015fgalcilere kar\u015f\u0131 tutum ald\u0131. Tefeci-t\u00fcccar a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 bu burjuvazi yerli bir s\u0131n\u0131ft\u0131 ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuvaziden farkl\u0131 olarak, yerli burjuvazinin \u00fcst tabakas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyordu. T\u00fcrkiye emperyalistlerle i\u015fbirlik\u00e7ilerinin i\u015fgaline u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm toprak a\u011fas\u0131 topraklar\u0131ndan olma tehlikesiyle y\u00fczle\u015firken, onlar da pazarlar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetme tehdidiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131 ve \u201cvatan<\/em>\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 takt\u0131klar\u0131 topraklar\u0131yla pazarlar\u0131n\u0131 savunmaya y\u00f6neldi.<\/p>\n

Milli devrim ve sonras\u0131nda geli\u015ftirilen ulusal tutumlar\u0131n c\u0131l\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131, en ba\u015fta Kemalist hareket ve temsil etti\u011fi burjuvazinin y\u00f6n vericisi oldu\u011fu kadar, \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca ifadesi olan iktidar\u0131n\u0131n esenli\u011fini her \u015feyin \u00fcst\u00fcnde tutmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Evet, \u00fclkenin siyasal ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kazan\u0131ld\u0131, ancak sadece sonras\u0131nda de\u011fil, kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde de emperyalistlerle bir dizi uzla\u015fma yapmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmad\u0131; bunlar iktidar\u0131n ele ge\u00e7irilip s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin gere\u011fi say\u0131ld\u0131. Manda ve himayeye kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karak Kemalist hareket ve temsilcili\u011fini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 burjuvazi \u00fclkede iktidar sahibi olma kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan geri ad\u0131m atmad\u0131, iktidar\u0131 payla\u015fma tutumu almad\u0131. Bu emperyalizm ve i\u015fbirlik\u00e7ileriyle ba\u015fl\u0131ca uzla\u015fmazl\u0131k noktas\u0131d\u0131r; ancak \u00f6rne\u011fin ko\u015fullar\u0131n elveri\u015fsizli\u011fi nedeniyle \u201cMisak-\u0131 Milli<\/em>\u201d s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen Musul ve Kerk\u00fck\u2019ten vazge\u00e7ildi. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u0130talya, i\u00e7eri\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klanmayan bir anla\u015fmayla i\u015fgali sona erdirdi. Lozan\u2019da da bir \u00f6rne\u011fi kapit\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n 1929\u2019a kadar devam\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc olan uzla\u015fma e\u011filimi s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta m\u00fcttefikli\u011fine \u00f6nem verilen Sovyetler Birli\u011fi giderek g\u00f6zden d\u00fc\u015ferek emperyalistlerle ili\u015fkilerin geli\u015ftirilmesine verilen a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k zamanla artt\u0131 ve yabanc\u0131 kredi ve bor\u00e7larla yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131na \u00f6ngelen g\u00fcnlerde, hala ulusal \u00e7\u0131karlar tamamen terkedilmemi\u015f olmakla birlikte, emperyalistlerle ili\u015fkiler \u015fu ya da bu h\u00fck\u00fcmetin kurulmas\u0131nda etkili olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131 ve sava\u015f g\u00fcnlerinde bu etki hatta Alman ve \u0130ngiliz \u201cyanl\u0131s\u0131<\/em>\u201d h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin i\u015f ba\u015f\u0131na gelmesine kadar vard\u0131. Sava\u015f sonras\u0131ndaysa ABD egemenli\u011fine a\u00e7\u0131ktan uyum sa\u011flanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Siyasal uzla\u015fmalardan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmayan emperyalizmin ekonomik egemenli\u011finin kopar\u0131l\u0131p at\u0131lmas\u0131na giri\u015filmedi. Emperyalist ya\u011fman\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fc kesilmedi ve egemenli\u011fiyle yeralt\u0131 ve yer\u00fcst\u00fc kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n talan\u0131n\u0131n temeli olan tekelci kapitalizm ve tekellere kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelenin laf\u0131 bile edilmedi. \u00d6nceki d\u00f6nemin egemeni Levantenlere Sultan\u0131n yan\u0131nda tutum alanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda dokunulmad\u0131, hatta el \u00fcst\u00fcnde tutuldular. Milliyet\u00e7ilik, anti-emperyalizmle ilgisi olmadan, Varl\u0131k Vergisiyle genelle\u015fecek bi\u00e7imde ba\u015fl\u0131ca T\u00fcrk burjuvazisinin gayr\u0131 M\u00fcslim burjuvazinin m\u00fclkiyetine g\u00f6z dikmesinde belirdi. Burjuvazi kapitalist ili\u015fkileri ve iktidar\u0131n\u0131 peki\u015ftirmek \u00fczere kapitalizmi geli\u015ftirmeye y\u00f6neldi; \u00f6zellikle 1929 Bunal\u0131m\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131nda emperyalist burjuvazinin i\u00e7e d\u00f6nmesiyle ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 do\u011frultusunda belirli ad\u0131mlar da at\u0131ld\u0131, ancak bunlar hem g\u00fcd\u00fck hem akim kald\u0131 ve esas olarak \u00fclkenin ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 devam etti.<\/p>\n

Burjuvazinin ele ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi iktidar\u0131 cumhuriyetin ilan\u0131yla ta\u00e7land\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131, \u00f6te yandan emperyalizmi hedef alan her ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu demokratik i\u00e7eri\u011fe \u015f\u00fcphesiz sahipti. Bu, ba\u015fl\u0131ca, ulusa ihanet ederek emperyalistlerle i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapan sultanl\u0131k ve merkezi feodalitenin iktidar\u0131n\u0131 peki\u015ftiren hilafetin tasfiyesinde ifadesini buldu. Gen\u00e7 burjuvazinin ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc iktidar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flama alma \u015fans\u0131 yoktu. Merkezi feodal sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131yla kapitalist geli\u015fmenin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki temel bir engel kald\u0131r\u0131larak, modern burjuva devlet ve toplumun \u00fczerinde geli\u015fece\u011fi toprak s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f oldu. Bu, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsenecek bir de\u011fi\u015fim olmamakla birlikte, sahip oldu\u011fu demokratik nitelik, bu ve takip eden yukar\u0131dan reformlarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kald\u0131. Siyasal sistemle birlikte e\u011fitim ve yarg\u0131 sistemiyle ideolojik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00fcretimde vb. d\u00fczenlemelere gidildi. Ancak burjuvazinin niteli\u011fi ve toprak a\u011falar\u0131yla ittifak\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 devrim bir toprak devrimi olarak geli\u015fip derinle\u015fmedi\u011fi gibi, tersine, bir toprak devrimi ihtimaline ve halka, i\u015f\u00e7ilerle k\u00f6yl\u00fclere kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6neldi. S\u0131k aral\u0131klarla \u201ctoprak reformu<\/em>\u201d laf\u0131 edilmesine ra\u011fmen a\u015far\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla yetinilirken toprak a\u011fal\u0131\u011f\u0131 tasfiye edilmeden kald\u0131 ve etkisini sadece ekonomide de\u011fil \u00fcst yap\u0131da da hissettirmeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Kapitalist geli\u015fmenin gerili\u011fi ve burjuvazinin ticari a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olu\u015fu, feodalizmle ili\u015fkisi ve i\u015fgale kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan toprak a\u011falar\u0131yla ittifak\u0131 nedeniyle a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan ve \u00f6zellikle bir k\u00f6yl\u00fc-toprak devrimi olarak geli\u015fmek yerine toparlanmas\u0131na a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verilen ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan gelen geli\u015fmeleri de kontrol\u00fcne alabilen Osmanl\u0131 Ordusunun kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na dayanan bir ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerinde kurulan da, geli\u015fkin olmayan kapitalizmin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc, anti-demokratik karakterde \u015foven milliyet\u00e7i geri bir burjuva feodal devlet olabilirdi. \u00d6yle oldu ve tek parti egemenli\u011fi bi\u00e7iminde \u015fekillendi. Gen\u00e7 burjuvazi iktidara yerle\u015fir yerle\u015fmez siyasal ve sendikal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri ve \u00f6rne\u011fin 1 May\u0131s\u2019\u0131 yasaklad\u0131. S\u00f6zde gericili\u011fi hedef ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen Takrir-i S\u00fckun yasas\u0131 genel olarak yasak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n dayana\u011f\u0131 oldu. Giderek g\u00fcne\u015f-dil teorisi ve T\u00fcrk tarih tezi gibi ideolojik dayatmalarla T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi k\u00f6r\u00fcklendi.<\/p>\n

Sol Parti ise, M. Kemal\u2019e, Kemalist harekete ve cumhuriyete toz kondurmuyor. \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck devrimci at\u0131l\u0131m<\/em>\u201d sayarak, zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan hi\u00e7 de \u015fikayet\u00e7i olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 ve sonras\u0131n\u0131 abart\u0131yla ele al\u0131yor, hatta ona g\u00f6re bu \u201cdevrimci at\u0131l\u0131m<\/em>\u201d DP\u2019nin iktidara geldi\u011fi 1950\u2019ye kadar s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Sol Parti, bir dizi ilerleme ve ba\u015fl\u0131ca siyasal ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k bir yana, sanki \u00fclke ge\u00e7mi\u015fte \u201cyoksulluk ve karanl\u0131k<\/em>\u201dtan kurtulmu\u015f gibi, \u201cyoksul ve kapkaranl\u0131k bir \u00fclke<\/em>\u201dnin \u201c1950\u2019lerden bug\u00fcne y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen\u2026 <\/em>kar\u015f\u0131 devrim s\u00fcreci<\/em>\u201dyle yarat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde.<\/p>\n

TKP, \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Sol Parti \u201cbug\u00fcn ise 1920\u2019nin Cumhuriyet\u2019inden s\u00f6z etmek imkans\u0131z!\u00a0Cumhuriyet\u2019i ilerici birikimlerini tasfiye ederek y\u0131kt\u0131lar<\/strong>!<\/em>\u201d diyordu. TKP de ayn\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncede. Program\u0131nda, \u201c[90\u2019larda] Sosyalizmin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesiyle birlikte\u2026 emperyalist kapitalist sistem ve T\u00fcrkiye burjuvazisi taraf\u0131ndan \u2026 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den emperyalizme tam boy ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olmas\u0131, ekonomik sistemin piyasa dinamikleri taraf\u0131ndan belirlenmesi\u2026 ve dinci gericili\u011fin kal\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015fekilde siyasal ve toplumsal ya\u015fant\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ine yerle\u015ftirilmesi istenecekti.\u200b Bu k\u00f6kl\u00fc d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm 1923 Cumhuriyetinin sonu anlam\u0131na geliyordu<\/strong><\/em>\u201d diyor. Devam\u0131 da benzer: \u201cT\u00fcrkiye sermaye s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131,… Cumhuriyetin sonunu haz\u0131rlayacak ekonomik, toplumsal ve siyasal bir s\u00fcrece de onay vermi\u015fti. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi cumhuriyetin y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131na haz\u0131rlad\u0131… T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de cumhuriyetin t\u00fcm ilerici kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 birer birer ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken<\/strong>, bu kazan\u0131mlara sahip \u00e7\u0131kabilecek tek tutarl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 olan sola sald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/em>\u201d\u200b<\/p>\n

Sermayenin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki g\u00fcc\u00fcn i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 de\u011fil ama \u201csol<\/em>\u201d oldu\u011funun ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi t\u00fcr\u00fcnden ilgin\u00e7likler bir yana b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rsa, 12 Eyl\u00fcl ve AKP iktidarlar\u0131yla cumhuriyet y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131yor! Bu, cumhuriyetin devrimcili\u011fi abart\u0131lan burjuvaziye \u00f6zg\u00fc abart\u0131l\u0131 devrimci bir i\u00e7eri\u011fe sahip oldu\u011fu anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc bir kurgudur. \u015eimdi her halde T\u00fcrkiye yeniden bir sultanl\u0131k de\u011fil, hala cumhuriyet. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde cumhuriyetinin y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n varsay\u0131lmas\u0131 ise, M. Kemal taraf\u0131ndan kurulup s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen cumhuriyetin \u2013\u201cilerici kazan\u0131mlar\u0131<\/em>\u201d ile y\u00fcceltilen\u2013 devrimcili\u011fi kavray\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir \u015feyi belirtmez.<\/p>\n

TKP program\u0131nda, \u201c1923\u2019teki devrimci at\u0131l\u0131mla iktidar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131ran[\u0131n] T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin gen\u00e7 burjuvazisi<\/em>\u201d oldu\u011fu d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131, \u00f6nderli\u011fi ve cumhuriyetin niteli\u011fine ili\u015fkin bir saptama bulunmuyor. Burjuvazinin niteli\u011fi \u00fczerinde de durulmuyor. Program\u0131n kaleme al\u0131n\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan bu \u201cilerici birikim<\/em>\u201d ya da kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n ise emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, laiklik, ekonomik sistemin tamamen piyasa dinamiklerince belirlenmesine kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131k\u2026 gibi Kemalizme ve gen\u00e7 Cumhuriyete atfedilen tutum ve nitelikler oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Ama \u00f6rne\u011fin demokrasi yanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktur; hem TKP demokrasi talep eden bir yakla\u015f\u0131ma sahip de\u011fil, hem de Kemalist hareket ve cumhuriyetin \u2013as\u0131l olarak k\u00f6yl\u00fc-toprak devriminden kaynaklanabilecek\u2013 demokrasiyle bir ilgisi olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Modernizmin ifadesi olan \u201c\u015fapka devrimi<\/em>\u201d, \u201charf devrimi<\/em>\u201d gibi reformlar herhalde demokratizmin belirtisi say\u0131lamaz ve bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle tayin edici olan, yasak, bask\u0131 ve bast\u0131rma harekatlar\u0131yla i\u015f\u00e7i, k\u00f6yl\u00fc ve ezilen uluslar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki tutumudur.<\/p>\n

Hi\u00e7bir \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn program\u0131 her \u015feyi a\u00e7\u0131klamaz. Sonu\u00e7ta programlar yaz\u0131l\u0131 belgelerdir ve toplumsal ya\u015fam i\u00e7indeki politik duru\u015flarla, tutum ve izlenen politikalar tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin TKP\u2019nin program\u0131nda \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin gen\u00e7 burjuvazisi, laikli\u011fi toplumsal bir ayd\u0131nlanma hamlesi olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctlemekten sak\u0131nd\u0131, toplumsal bir ayd\u0131nlanman\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7abilecek ilerici damarlardan \u00f6lesiye korktu… dinci gericili\u011fi tasfiye etmekte \u00fcrkek davranan T\u00fcrkiyeli egemenler\u2026<\/em>\u201d diye yaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak A. G\u00fcler\u2019in son se\u00e7imler \u00f6ncesinde Halk TV\u2019de \u201cCHP birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi s\u00f6ylemle Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminin, Kemalist d\u00f6nemin laikli\u011finin bir halktan kopukluk yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, inanan insanlar \u00fczerinde bir bask\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kabul ediyor. Bu bir efsanedir. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tarihsel yaland\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir \u015fey olmad\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de.<\/em>\u201d[3]<\/a> diye konu\u015ftu\u011funu ve Kemalist laisizmi y\u00fcceltti\u011fini biliyoruz. TKP, Diyanet \u0130\u015fleriyle devletin dini y\u00f6netti\u011fi bir laik\u00e7ilik olan Kemalist laikli\u011fini[4]<\/a> sadece savunmamakta, benimsemektedir de. TKP art\u0131k \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ekonomik, toplumsal, siyasal sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc, sosyalizm d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir se\u00e7enekte aranamaz<\/em>\u201d demekte ve laiklik ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k gibi demokratik i\u00e7erikli her sorunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u201c\u00f6nko\u015fulu[nun] sosyalizm<\/em>\u201d oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm\u00fcnden \u00e7\u0131kan sonu\u00e7; 1950\u2019lere kadar \u201cgen\u00e7 burjuvazi<\/em>\u201dnin \u201cilerici de\u011ferleri<\/em>\u201d ile cumhuriyete ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131, laik, devrimci vb. niteli\u011fini verenin devrimci bir burjuvazi oldu\u011fu, ama art\u0131k benzeri bir burjuvazi bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in cumhuriyetin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u201cT\u00fcrkiye burjuva devriminin ileriye do\u011fru en \u00f6nemli at\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015fu<\/em>\u201dydu. Ancak burjuva devrimi \u00f6yle ya da b\u00f6yle tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, eskiden devrimci burjuvazinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi at\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 art\u0131k ancak \u201csolcular<\/em>\u201d ya da \u201csosyalistler<\/em>\u201d ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilecektir ve bu nedenle art\u0131k sosyalizmden ba\u015fka se\u00e7enek yoktur!<\/p>\n

Feodalizme kar\u015f\u0131 bir k\u00f6yl\u00fc devrimi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ilerlemeyen ve c\u0131l\u0131z bir milli devrim olarak kalan T\u00fcrkiye burjuva devrimi \u00f6zel ko\u015fullarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti, bu do\u011fru. Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n gen\u00e7 burjuvazisi belirli ileri ad\u0131mlar atabilmi\u015fti, ancak bunlar g\u00f6\u011fe \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak t\u00fcrden de\u011fil c\u0131l\u0131z ad\u0131mlard\u0131. Ve bunlar, \u00fcstelik i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc nedeniyle burjuvazinin sosyalizm korkusunun \u00fclke i\u00e7i maddi temelinin zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131nda at\u0131labildi. \u015eimdi art\u0131k sosyalizme kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u201ci\u015flerin<\/em>\u201d Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde Kemalist burjuvazi taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcstlenildi\u011fini sanmak, bu burjuvaziyi sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 niteliklerle donatmaktan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir. A. G\u00fcler\u2019in g\u00f6klere \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kemalist laiklik \u00fczerine s\u00f6yledikleri, TKP\u2019nin Kemalist burjuvaziye sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 devrimci nitelikler y\u00fckledi\u011fini do\u011fruluyor.<\/p>\n

Emperyalizm ve anti-emperyalizmin i\u00e7eri\u011fine ili\u015fkin kavray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyan TKP\u2019nin \u00c7anakkale Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00fczerine \u015fu a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 da yine bir ba\u015fka do\u011frulay\u0131c\u0131: \u201c\u00c7anakkale\u2019de kazan\u0131lan zafer, emperyalist payla\u015f\u0131m sava\u015f\u0131na \u00e7aresizlik ve k\u00f6rl\u00fck i\u00e7inde at\u0131lan, y\u0131k\u0131lmakta olan asalak Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n de\u011fil, yurdun i\u015fgaline kar\u015f\u0131 uyanmaya ba\u015flayan bir \u00f6fkenin zaferiydi. \u0130zleyen y\u0131llarda i\u015fgale kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele, ayn\u0131 zamanda yeni bir d\u00fczeni, cumhuriyeti do\u011furdu.<\/em>\u201d[5]<\/a><\/p>\n

Cumhuriyetin, c\u0131l\u0131z ve tutars\u0131z da olsa anti-emperyalist m\u00fccadelenin bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc oldu\u011fu biliniyor. Bir milli ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k kavgas\u0131 olan Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 ve sonunda kurulan cumhuriyetle bir tarafta Almanya-Avusturya-Osmanl\u0131, kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda da \u0130ngiltere-Fransa ittifak\u0131n\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 emperyalist sava\u015f\u0131n bir muharebesi olan \u00c7anakkale Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ilgisini, sadece iktidar\u0131n ele ge\u00e7irilmesinin ard\u0131ndan M. Kemal\u2019in ba\u015f\u0131 \u00fczerinde bir kutsall\u0131k halkas\u0131 olu\u015fturma \u00e7abas\u0131na giren y\u00fccelticileri kurmu\u015ftu. \u015eimdi bir de TKP kuruyor!<\/p>\n

Bir di\u011fer do\u011frulamaysa, TKP program\u0131n\u0131n eski TKP\u2019yi sahipleni\u015finden geliyor: \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de sol m\u00fccadelenin… tarihi\u2026 ba\u015far\u0131 ve ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131yla, zafer ve yenilgileriyle bizim tarihimizdir. 10 Eyl\u00fcl 1920\u2019de kurulan T\u00fcrkiye Kom\u00fcnist Partisi, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131na kadar uzanan bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fe sahip olan Marksist ve devrimci hareketlerle, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 m\u00fccadelelerinin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc sahipleniyor.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

Kurulu\u015funu 1920\u2019ye kadar g\u00f6t\u00fcren TKP, kendisininkiyle kalmay\u0131p \u015e. H\u00fcsn\u00fc, Z. Ba\u015ft\u0131mar ve \u0130. Bilen TKP\u2019lerinin de t\u00fcm y\u00fcklerini s\u0131rtlan\u0131yor. M. Suphi ve yolda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ay\u0131ral\u0131m. Kru\u015f\u00e7ev ve Brejnev\u2019e yaltaklanan son ikisini ve yerini alanlar\u0131n modern revizyonizmin egemenli\u011finin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan partilerini feshetmelerini bir yana b\u0131raksak bile, \u015e. H\u00fcsn\u00fc TKP\u2019sinin hangi ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fc ediliyor, bilinmez. \u015e. H\u00fcsn\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn bizim bildi\u011fimiz bir ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, onu tan\u0131mlayan, Kemalist burjuvazi ve diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn destek\u00e7ili\u011fiyle ba\u015flayan politik ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131, fa\u015fizm kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131na burjuvazinin bir kli\u011fini di\u011ferine kar\u015f\u0131 destekleyerek s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesidir.<\/p>\n

Burada, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u0130P ve di\u011fer takip\u00e7ilerine de\u011finerek tekrar \u015e. H\u00fcsn\u00fc ve TKP\u2019ye d\u00f6nece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u0130P\u2019inin M. Kemal, Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 ve cumhuriyet \u00fczerine g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri TKP\u2019den bir miktar daha geri. Program\u0131nda konu \u00fczerine \u015funlar yaz\u0131l\u0131:<\/p>\n

\u201cOsmanl\u0131 egemenli\u011finin son y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olan kapitalistle\u015fme ve modernle\u015fme s\u00fcreci, asker ve sivil k\u00f6kenli Osmanl\u0131 ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n muhalefetinde kendi siyasal temsilcisini bulmu\u015ftur. 1908 ile birlikte giderek etkinli\u011fini art\u0131ran muhalefet… radikalle\u015fmi\u015f ve yoksul halk\u0131n i\u015fgale kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015fi ile birlikte s\u00fcre\u00e7 \u00f6nce Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na, ard\u0131ndan da 1923\u2019te T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015funa evrilmi\u015ftir.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201c\u2026 bir burjuva devrimi olarak de\u011ferlendirilmesi gereken bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, Osmanl\u0131 d\u00fczeni ile emperyalist i\u015fgale kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele verdi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ilerici ve ayd\u0131nlanmac\u0131 bir karakter edinmi\u015ftir. Bu anlam\u0131yla, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Cumhuriyet rejiminin kurulu\u015fu ilerici bir niteli\u011fe sahiptir. Ancak 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l Osmanl\u0131 ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n ve Cumhuriyet\u2019in kurucu kadrolar\u0131n\u0131n ilericili\u011fi, sermaye s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fan ve kapitalizmin \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7en bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131mam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cCumhuriyet\u2019in kurucu kadrolar\u0131n\u0131n ilericili\u011fi<\/em>\u201dni, \u201csermaye s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fan ve kapitalizmin \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7en bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131ma<\/em>\u201dmas\u0131 nedeniyle ele\u015ftirmek, Kemalizm ve Kemalist hareketi devrimci bir burjuva hareketi, \u00f6rne\u011fin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva bir hareket olarak de\u011ferlendirmekten ba\u015fka bir anlama gelmez. T\u0130P, \u201ckurucu kadrolar<\/em>\u201d dedi\u011fi Kemalistler ve Kemalist hareketin kapitalizmin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na bile yakla\u015fmayan hedefleri, ortaya koydu\u011fu tutumlarla izledi\u011fi politikalar ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zay\u0131fl\u0131klar\u0131 ve tutars\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131yla devrimci bir burjuva hareketi olman\u0131n \u00e7ok gerisinde olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde durmuyor. Tersine, sanki kapitalizmin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na varana dek her \u015feyi yaparak burjuva devrimcili\u011fin hakk\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015f\u00e7esine, yaln\u0131zca \u201ckapitalizmin \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7en bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131ma<\/em>\u201dd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u201csermayenin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f<\/em>\u201dmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek, onu burjuvazinin devrimci kesiminin hareketi olarak ele al\u0131p y\u00fcceltiyor. Ayn\u0131 \u015feyi, \u00f6nce sosyal devrimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesini bekledi\u011fi Kemalist hareketin daha sonra ise halk devrimini ilerletti\u011fini s\u00f6yleyen \u015e. H\u00fcsn\u00fc yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sol Parti ve TKP\u2019nin de farkl\u0131 s\u00f6zlerle yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ayn\u0131 \u015feydir. T\u00fcm\u00fc, Kemalist hareketi, \u00f6tesinde sosyalizmin oldu\u011fu noktaya kadar ilerleyen devrimci burjuvazinin hareketi olarak y\u00fcceltip \u00f6v\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

T\u0130P\u2019in a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u201casker ve sivil k\u00f6kenli Osmanl\u0131 ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n radikalizmi<\/em>\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00fcst tabaka burjuvazinin de\u011fil, ama k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva radikalizmini temsil eden Kemalist \u201casker-sivil ayd\u0131n z\u00fcmre<\/em>\u201d \u00f6nderli\u011finde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi tezi \u015e. H\u00fcsn\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcnd\u00fcr ve takip\u00e7isi olan b\u00fct\u00fcn bir \u201csol<\/em>\u201d taraf\u0131ndan savunulagelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin, program\u0131 Birinci Meclis Beyannamesi ile ba\u015flay\u0131p ard\u0131ndan gelen \u201cAtat\u00fcrk Diyor ki<\/em>\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda M. Kemal\u2019in \u201cmillet\u00e7e bizi mahvetmek isteyen emperya\u00adlizme kar\u015f\u0131 ve bizi yutmak isteyen kapitalizme kar\u015f\u0131 millet\u00e7e sava\u015fmay\u0131 uygun g\u00f6ren bir doktrini izleyen insanlar\u0131z<\/em>\u201d s\u00f6zlerinin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 eski T\u0130P. Sadece \u201cGiri\u015f<\/em>\u201diyle de\u011fil, hemen her maddesiyle \u201cAtat\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc<\/em>\u201d olan 1965 T\u0130P Program\u0131\u2019nda, \u201cToplumcu, Atat\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n emek\u00e7i kitlelerle i\u015f ve kader birli\u011fi ederek kitleleri e\u011fitmek, T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi saflar\u0131nda te\u015fkilatland\u0131rmak, bilin\u00e7li bir politik g\u00fc\u00e7 haline getirmekte g\u00f6rev almalar\u0131, reformlar\u0131n yap\u0131l\u00admas\u0131n\u0131n ve yurt kalk\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n temeli ve biricik anahta\u00adr\u0131d\u0131r<\/em>\u201d[6]<\/a> ve \u201cT\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in kurtulu\u015f, kapitalist olmayan bir kalk\u0131nma yoluna gir\u00admektir<\/em>\u201d t\u00fcr\u00fc \u00f6zdeyi\u015flere rastlamak s\u0131radand\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Aybar T\u0130P\u2019inin ard\u0131ndan, Aren-Boran T\u0130P\u2019i de, Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131yla ilgili olarak \u201casker-sivil ayd\u0131nlar<\/em>\u201d tezini savunmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc:<\/p>\n

\u201cBa\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yeni kavu\u015fmu\u015f geri \u00fclkelerde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva ayd\u0131nlar, yerli burjuvazinin yoklu\u011fu veya g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz\u00adl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden …\u00a0 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n Bat\u0131’da oynamad\u0131klar\u0131 bir rol \u2026 oynamaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye’de de k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kesimi devletin sivil ve asker kadrolar\u0131n\u0131 dol\u00addurmu\u015flar,.. \u00fclkenin tarihinde aktif ol\u00admu\u015flar, burjuva demokratik hareketlerde \u00f6nemli rol oyna\u00adm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/a><\/p>\n

Eski T\u0130P\u2019i ele\u015ftirerek \u201cmilli demokratik devrimi<\/em>\u201d savunan Mihri Belli ve Mahir \u00c7ayan\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri de bu y\u00f6ndedir ve bir d\u00f6neme damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuran devrimin niteli\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131t g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerde olanlar Kemalist hareketin s\u0131n\u0131f niteli\u011finde anla\u015fabilmi\u015ftir. M. Belli, \u201cba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sava\u015f\u0131m\u0131z, asker-sivil ayd\u0131n z\u00fcmre \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde\u2026 i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i kompradorla i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i feodal m\u00fctegallibe ve\u2026 emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 verilmi\u015f bir sava\u015ft\u0131r<\/em>\u201d[8]<\/a> derken, M. \u00c7ayan \u015funlar\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\u201cKemalizm, emperyalizmin i\u015fgali alt\u0131ndaki bir \u00fclkenin devrimci-milliyet\u00e7ilerinin bir milli kurtulu\u015f bayra\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Kemalizmin \u00f6z\u00fc, emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 tav\u0131r al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kemalizmi bir burjuva ideolojisi, veya b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck-burjuvazinin veyahut asker-sivil b\u00fct\u00fcn ayd\u0131n z\u00fcmrenin ideolojisi saymak kesin olarak yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kemalizm, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck-burjuvazinin en sol, en radikal kesiminin milliyet\u00e7ilik taban\u0131nda anti-emperyalist bir tav\u0131r al\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d[9]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201cGen\u00e7 burjuvazi<\/em>\u201dden s\u00f6z etse de, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn T\u0130P\u2019i \u201casker ve sivil ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n radikalizmi<\/em>\u201d olarak niteledi\u011fi Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u015e. H\u00fcsn\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn \u00e7er\u00e7evesini \u00e7izdi\u011fi asl\u0131na benzer tan\u0131mlarken, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz TKP\u2019sinin \u00f6rne\u011fin son se\u00e7im platformunun anti-emperyalizm ve laiklik vurgular\u0131yla M. \u00c7ayan\u2019\u0131n M. Kemal\u2019e y\u00fckledi\u011fi nitelikler neredeyse \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r: \u201cKemalizmi karakterize eden yaln\u0131zca \u2018Milli Kurtulu\u015f\u00e7uluk\u2019 ve \u2018Laiklik\u2019 \u00f6geleridir\u2026 Kemalizmin belirli bir iktisat politikas\u0131 yoktur… K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck-burjuvazinin emekle sermaye aras\u0131nda bocalayan genel niteli\u011fi, Kemalizmin iktisat politikas\u0131nda yans\u0131maktad\u0131r\u2026 bazen \u00f6zel te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00e7\u00fc yan\u0131, bazen de devlet\u00e7i yan\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r basan bir iktisat politikas\u0131 vard\u0131r\u2026, ona ruh veren milli ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 niteli\u011fidir.<\/em>\u201d[10]<\/a><\/p>\n

Yeni TKP, \u00c7ayan\u2019dan hemen sadece \u201ckamucu<\/em>\u201d \u00f6nerileriyle ayr\u0131l\u0131yor. Onu da Kemalizm, zaten, \u201cdevlet\u00e7ilik<\/em>\u201di CHP\u2019nin oklar\u0131ndan biri edinip uzun s\u00fcre savunmu\u015ftu. Kemalist laikli\u011fi sahiplenip Kemalist anti-emperyalizmi y\u00fccelten TKP, \u201cCumhuriyet Kanunlar\u0131<\/em>\u201dn\u0131 savunmas\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131ca bu ikisi \u00fczerine oturttu.<\/p>\n

Gelelim \u015e. H\u00fcsn\u00fc\u2019ye.<\/p>\n

\u015e. H\u00fcsn\u00fc, 1924 Haziran\u2019\u0131na kadar, Kemalizm ve Kemalist h\u00fck\u00fcmetin s\u0131n\u0131flar \u00fcst\u00fc nitelikte oldu\u011funu iddia ederek, sosyal devrim de yapabilece\u011fi beklentisiyle Kemalist hareketi desteklemi\u015ftir: \u201c\u2026 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta hen\u00fcz siyasi inan\u00e7lar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131fsal vas\u0131flar\u0131 \u015fekillenmemi\u015f baz\u0131 \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc \u00f6nderlerin<\/strong>\u2026 bir siyasi devrimi ba\u015flatt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 dikkate alarak Cumhuriyet y\u00f6neticilerine geni\u015f bir kredi a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131k<\/strong>… Bizim gibi \u2026 bir ulusun yabanc\u0131 kapitalizmin s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve tahakk\u00fcm\u00fcnden uzak kalmas\u0131n\u0131n, ancak ulusun b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu te\u015fkil eden i\u015f\u00e7i ve k\u00f6yl\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131ndan g\u00fc\u00e7 alan<\/strong>, kolektif<\/strong> ya\u015fay\u0131\u015fa dayanan<\/strong> ekonomik kurulu\u015flarla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilece\u011fini ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcyor ve yaz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131zda bu y\u00f6nde devrimimizi derinle\u015ftirmesini h\u00fck\u00fcmetimizden temenni ediyorduk<\/strong>.<\/em>\u201d[11]<\/a> \u015e. H\u00fcsn\u00fc burada, sonradan eski T\u0130P program\u0131na da giren \u2013\u201cBaas sosyalizmi<\/em>\u201dnin vb. \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7an Kru\u015f\u00e7ev\u2019in \u00fcnlendirdi\u011fi\u2013 \u201ckapitalist olmayan yol<\/em>\u201d tezini, \u00fcstelik modern revizyonizmi \u00f6nceleyerek savunmaktayd\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 \u00f6nderli\u011fine ve m\u00fccadelesine ihtiya\u00e7 duymadan sosyalizme ge\u00e7ilebilecek, b\u0131rakal\u0131m toprak a\u011falar\u0131yla ittifak halindeki burjuvaziyi, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuvazinin bile temsilcisi olmayan, \u201chen\u00fcz s\u0131n\u0131fsal vas\u0131flar\u0131 \u015fekillenmemi\u015f \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fcler<\/em>\u201d olan Kemalistler bunun \u00fcstesinden gelecekti! Bu, \u015f\u00fcphesiz, sonradan modern revizyonizmin ileri s\u00fcrece\u011fi gibi, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131nda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olacakt\u0131. Devlet \u00f6\u011fretisi, devletin s\u0131n\u0131f niteli\u011fi vb. \u00f6nemsizdi, Kemalistler isterse olurdu! M\u00fccadele emperyalizm ve u\u015faklar\u0131yla b\u00fct\u00fcn ulus aras\u0131ndayd\u0131; ulusu bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak ele alan ve ulusal s\u0131n\u0131flar aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadeleyi yok sayan \u015e. H\u00fcsn\u00fc, Kemalistleri a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a sosyalizme \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131: \u201c\u2026 s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi, yabanc\u0131 kapitalist ve bunlar\u0131n uydular\u0131 durumunda kalan yerli e\u015fraf ve servet sahibi aras\u0131nda olur ve \u00e7o\u011fu halde bir ulusal m\u00fccadele \u015feklini al\u0131r<\/em><\/strong>\u2026 iktidar g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ulusal egemenlikten alan halk h\u00fck\u00fcmeti<\/strong> eme\u011fin<\/strong> -yani ulusun- taraf\u0131na ge\u00e7meli<\/strong> ve bir is\u0327 ve i\u015f\u00e7i h\u00fck\u00fcmeti olmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong>.<\/em>\u201d[12]<\/a> Ona g\u00f6re, burjuva de\u011fil, zaten bir \u201chalk h\u00fck\u00fcmeti<\/em>\u201d olan Kemalist h\u00fck\u00fcmet, \u00fcstelik \u201ci\u015f\u00e7i h\u00fck\u00fcmeti<\/em>\u201d olmal\u0131yd\u0131!<\/p>\n

S\u0327. H\u00fcsn\u00fc, Kemalistleri sosyalist devrim yapmaya ikna etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in Stalin, Trotsky ve Zinoviev ile y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00c7in Devrimi \u00fczerine tart\u0131\u015fmada, halk kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 olan Kemalist h\u00fck\u00fcmeti devirmek \u00fczere kararl\u0131 m\u00fccadele ihtiyac\u0131 \u00fczerinde duruyor: \u201c\u2026 Zinovyev, Wuhan\u2019daki Kuomintang\u2019\u0131 1920 d\u00f6neminin Kemalist h\u00fck\u00fcmeti olarak nitelendirdi. Ancak Kemalist bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet, i\u015f\u00e7iler ve k\u00f6yl\u00fclerle sava\u015fan bir h\u00fck\u00fcmettir, i\u00e7inde Kom\u00fcnistlere yer olmayan ve olamayacak bir h\u00fck\u00fcmettir. Wuhan\u2019\u0131n bu \u015fekilde nitelendirilmesinden tek bir sonu\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilir gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor: Wuhan\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 kararl\u0131 bir m\u00fccadele, Wuhan h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin devrilmesi.<\/em>\u201d[13]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u015e. H\u00fcsn\u00fc, 1924 ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren sosyal devrim beklemekten vazge\u00e7ti\u011fi Kemalistlerin s\u0131n\u0131f niteli\u011fine ili\u015fkin de\u011ferlendirmesini de\u011fi\u015ftirmedi. Sosyal devrim olmasa bile demokratik devrimi tamamlamakta oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Kemalist burjuvaziyi desteklemeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u201cGen\u00e7 burjuvazi<\/em>\u201d hala \u201chen\u00fcz kapitalistle\u015fmemi\u015f<\/em>\u201d \u201casker sivil ayd\u0131nlar<\/em>\u201d durumundayd\u0131, feodalizmi tasfiye ediyordu ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuvaziyi temsil etmekteydi:<\/p>\n

\u201c… B\u00fct\u00fcn geri \u00fclkelerde burjuva halk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 eylem alan\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karmak ve derebeylik art\u0131k ve d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fclerini silip s\u00fcp\u00fcrme i\u015fini hen\u00fcz kapitalistle\u015fmemi\u015f gen\u00e7 burjuvazinin \u00fcst\u00fcne alaca\u011f\u0131 deneyle sabit olmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcrkiye’nin Anadolu gen\u00e7 burjuvazisi, bu g\u00f6revini yerine getirmi\u015f bulunuyor. Bug\u00fcn \u015fehirlerin kapitalistleri onun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fman gibi dikiliyorlar.<\/em>\u201d[14]<\/a> Ve tabii ki desteklenmeliydi: \u201cGe\u00e7mi\u015fin tutsa\u011f\u0131 olmaktan bizi kurtarmak ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f ihtiya\u00e7larla uyu\u015fmayan y\u00f6netim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 silip s\u00fcp\u00fcrme i\u015fini Cumhuriyet Partisi yerine getirmi\u015f bulunuyor. S\u0131n\u0131fsal durumu gere\u011fi bu parti bu t\u00fcr uygulamada teredd\u00fct etmeye, ileri gitmeye zorunlu kalmad\u0131k\u00e7a k\u00f6kl\u00fc tedbirler almamaya yatk\u0131nd\u0131r. Bu teredd\u00fctleri gidermek, Cumhuriyet H\u00fck\u00fcmeti’ni ileri at\u0131lmaya te\u015fvik<\/em> etmek ve zorlamak bulundu\u011fumuz d\u00f6nemde i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ihmal edilemeyecek bir g\u00f6revidir.<\/em>\u201d[15]<\/a><\/p>\n

Bunun, demokratik devrimde burjuvazinin destek\u00e7ili\u011fi ve ileri do\u011fru te\u015fvik edilmesiyle yetinmek demek olan Men\u015fevizm oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k. \u00d6te yandan \u015e. H\u00fcsn\u00fc burjuvaziyi te\u015fvik etmekle kalm\u0131yor, yan\u0131na bile u\u011framad\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcrden bir devrimci nitelik atfetti\u011fi toprak a\u011falar\u0131yla i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ve ittifak halinde olan Kemalist burjuvaziye feodalizmi tasfiye ettiriyor. Oysa yine Stalin\u2019in de\u011ferlendirmesi a\u00e7\u0131k: \u201c\u00d6rne\u011fin T\u00fcrk devrimi (Kemalistler) i\u00e7in karakteristik olan ise, bunun [\u00c7in devriminin] tersine, geli\u015fmesinin ikinci a\u015famas\u0131na, tar\u0131m devrimi a\u015famas\u0131na ge\u00e7meye te\u015febb\u00fcs dahi etmeksizin, ilk ad\u0131mda, geli\u015fmesinin birinci a\u015famas\u0131nda, burjuva kurtulu\u015f hareketi a\u015famas\u0131nda \u00e7ak\u0131l\u0131p kalm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d[16]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u015e. H\u00fcsn\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn, etkisi alt\u0131na girerek, desteklemeyi kararla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kemalistlere ve Kemalist harekete ili\u015fkin de\u011ferlendirmesi, destek karar\u0131na teorik temel olu\u015fturmak \u00fczere kurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6nce \u201cs\u0131n\u0131flar\u00fcst\u00fc \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fc \u00f6nderlerin<\/em>\u201d yapacaklar\u0131 sosyal devrime bel ba\u011flama, ard\u0131ndan \u201chen\u00fcz kapitalistle\u015fmemi\u015f<\/em>\u201d devrimci k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuvazinin milli devrimi k\u00f6yl\u00fc-toprak devrimi olarak derinle\u015ftirmesini umup te\u015fvik etmek \u2013\u015e. H\u00fcsn\u00fc TKP\u2019sinin gerek milli gerekse demokratik burjuva devrimindeki temel tutumuydu. Kemalistlere burjuva demeye dili varmam\u0131\u015f, \u201cgen\u00e7 burjuva<\/em>\u201d dedi\u011finde de k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva devrimcili\u011fini yak\u0131\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Oysa Stalin ve Komintern\u2019in de\u011ferlendirmesi bilinmekteydi:<\/p>\n

\u201cKemalist Devrim, yabanc\u0131 emperyalistlere kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele i\u00e7inde y\u00fckselen ve sonraki geli\u015fmesi esas olarak k\u00f6yl\u00fc ve i\u015f\u00e7ilere kar\u015f\u0131, toprak devrimi imkan\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6nelen bir \u00fcst tabaka devrimi, milli ticaret burjuvazisinin devrimidir. \u2026 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele, Kemalistlerin g\u00fcd\u00fck bir anti-emperyalist devrimiyle son bulabilirken,\u2026<\/em>\u201d[17]<\/a><\/p>\n

Burjuvazinin iktidar\u0131 ve cumhuriyetin kurulu\u015fuyla ta\u00e7lanan Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131, toprak a\u011falar\u0131yla ittifak halindeki burjuvazinin, ba\u015fl\u0131ca milli ticaret burjuvazisinin \u00f6nderlik etti\u011fi bir \u00fcst tabaka devrimidir. Emperyalistlerle Yunan gericili\u011finin \u00fclkeyi i\u015fgaline kar\u015f\u0131 patlak veren ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n kitlesel kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 en ba\u015fta k\u00f6yl\u00fcl\u00fck sa\u011flad\u0131, ancak \u00f6nderlik burjuvazinin elindeydi. Milli m\u00fccadelenin, sonradan \u00f6rne\u011fin yeni TKP\u2019nin de tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc feodalizmi tasfiyesiyle demokratik devrim y\u00f6n\u00fcnde geli\u015fmesi bir yana, Kemalist burjuvazi, b\u00f6yle bir devrim ihtimalinin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc kesmek \u00fczere i\u015f\u00e7i ve k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc alt\u0131nda ezmeye y\u00f6neldi.<\/p>\n

C\u0131l\u0131z da olsa anti-emperyalizmiyle milli devrim \u015f\u00fcphesiz bir ilerleme etkenidir ve Sultanl\u0131kla Hilafetin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve di\u011fer \u00fcstten reformlar bu devrimin olumlu \u00fcr\u00fcnleridir, ancak bu kadard\u0131r. S\u00f6z\u00fc edilen olumluluklar devrimin kapitalist modernle\u015fme yolunda ilerleyi\u015finin g\u00f6sterge ve dayanaklar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015f, ancak ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k kazan\u0131larak emperyalist ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k ili\u015fkileri ve feodalizmin k\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00fcn kaz\u0131nmas\u0131 ve siyasal \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin elde edilmesi ihtiya\u00e7 olarak kalmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Abart\u0131l\u0131 devrimci nitelik atfedilerek Kemalist hareketin desteklenmesi, T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin etkisi alt\u0131ndaki solculu\u011fun belirgin \u00f6zelli\u011fi ve sosyalistlik iddialar\u0131n\u0131 sakatlayarak \u201cT\u00fcrk Solu<\/em>\u201d payesini hak etmelerinin ba\u015fl\u0131ca temelidir. \u201cAsker-sivil ayd\u0131n z\u00fcmre<\/em>\u201d varsay\u0131m\u0131yla \u201cburjuvazi yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u201d yak\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan Kemalizmden etkilenmenin temel bir g\u00f6stergesiyse K\u00fcrt sorunu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki tutumdur.<\/p>\n

\u015e. H\u00fcsn\u00fc TKP\u2019sinin Komintern denetiminden ge\u00e7en 1926 Program\u0131n\u0131n 13. maddesinde \u201cmilli mesele<\/em>\u201d, ezilen uluslar meselesi olarak de\u011fil \u201cmilli az\u0131nl\u0131klar meselesi<\/em>\u201d olarak ge\u00e7er ve az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n kendi kaderini tay\u0131n hakk\u0131 kay\u0131ts\u0131z \u015farts\u0131z tan\u0131n\u0131r. Ancak laftad\u0131r; pratikte burjuvazinin milli bask\u0131s\u0131 desteklenir ve her milli hak e\u015fitli\u011fi aray\u0131\u015f ve isyan\u0131 \u201cirtica<\/em>\u201d (gericilik) ve \u201c\u0130ngiliz emperyalizminin oyunu<\/em>\u201d say\u0131larak, Kemalist bast\u0131rma ve zul\u00fcm politikas\u0131 olumlan\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin Orak \u00c7eki\u00e7\u2019in 5 Mart 1925 tarihli 7. say\u0131s\u0131nda \u015eeyh Sait \u0130syan\u0131 lanetlenir: \u201cArkada\u015f, kara kuvvet bizim de burjuvazinin de d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131d\u0131r. Biz her \u015feyden evvel bu d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 yenmeliyiz; burjuvazi ile de ayr\u0131ca kozumuzu payla\u015f\u0131r\u0131z.<\/em>\u201d[18]<\/a> Bu konuda \u015e. H\u00fcsn\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn de itiraf\u0131 bulunuyor:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u2026 kanun [Takrir-i S\u00fckun Kanunu] kamu oyuna sadece padi\u015fah yanl\u0131s\u0131 gericileri can evinden vurabilmek i\u00e7in getirilen bir silah olarak sunulmu\u015f, fakat\u2026 kom\u00fcnistlerden kurtulmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda tam bu s\u0131ralarda kom\u00fcnistlerin yay\u0131n organlar\u0131n\u0131n son say\u0131lar\u0131nda K\u00fcrt isyan\u0131n\u0131n amans\u0131zca bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan yana olmalar\u0131 ve feodalizmin tasfiye edilmesinde Halk Partisi\u2019ni b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fc\u00e7leriyle destekleyeceklerini a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 ilgin\u00e7tir.<\/em>\u201d[19]<\/a><\/p>\n

UKKTH\u2019n\u0131 tan\u0131yan kom\u00fcnistler her ayr\u0131lmay\u0131 de\u011fil, yaln\u0131zca emperyalizmi zay\u0131flatanlar\u0131 destekler, ancak gerici olmalar\u0131 durumunda bile, hi\u00e7bir zaman ezilen uluslar\u0131n isyanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u201camans\u0131zca bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/em>\u201dn\u0131n destek\u00e7isi olmazlar. \u015eeyh Sait isyan\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak t\u00fcm K\u00fcrt isyanlar\u0131n\u0131n bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda Kemalist diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc destekleyen TKP, T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin etkisi alt\u0131nda bir sosyal \u015fovendir.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7izgi, Kemalizm ve cumhuriyete ili\u015fkin y\u00fcceltme ve destekleme tutumunun bir devam\u0131 olarak, \u015e. H\u00fcsn\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn iz s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcleri taraf\u0131ndan da benimsenip izlendi.<\/p>\n

Milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc etkisi alt\u0131ndaki ilk T\u0130P\u2019in Program\u0131 \u201cK\u00fcrt meselesi<\/em>\u201d ba\u011flam\u0131nda vahimdir: \u201cT\u00fcrk Devleti’ne yurtta\u015fl\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131 ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olan herkes T\u00fcrk’t\u00fcr. T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi Anayasan\u0131n 3. maddesinde belir\u00adtildi\u011fi gibi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin, \u00fclkesi ve milleti ile b\u00f6l\u00fcnmez bir b\u00fct\u00fcn oldu\u011funu ifade eder ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve b\u00f6lgecili\u011fi kesinlikle reddeder.<\/em>\u201d 12 Mart \u00f6ncesinde \u201cDo\u011fu mitingleri<\/em>\u201d d\u00fczenleyen Aren-Boran T\u0130P\u2019inin program\u0131nda ise K\u00fcrt meselesi kendisine yer bulamaz.<\/p>\n

Konuyla ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri eski T\u0130P\u2019e g\u00f6re yumu\u015fayan Sol Parti, \u201cK\u00fcrt halk\u0131n\u0131n ve t\u00fcm ezilenlerin dil ve kimliklerini \u00f6zg\u00fcrce ya\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131<\/em>\u201d savunuyor. Ancak anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar\u0131yla \u201ck\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6zerkli\u011fi<\/em>\u201d benimsiyor, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kimlik sorunu siyasalla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sadece \u201cbir arada ya\u015fam\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme<\/em>\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc ederek, ayr\u0131 devlet kurma hakk\u0131 olarak UKKTH\u2019na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor: \u201cSOL Parti K\u00fcrt sorununun bir arada ya\u015fam\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeyi temel alan, bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l ve demokratik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yollar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in at\u0131lacak ad\u0131mlar\u0131 destekler.<\/em>\u201d[20]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201cBir arada ya\u015fam<\/em>\u201d, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u201cb\u00f6l\u00fcnme<\/em>\u201d ve ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131larak, yeni TKP taraf\u0131ndan da savunuluyor. Program\u0131nda \u201cK\u00fcrt emek\u00e7ilerinin sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn\u2026 \u00f6n ko\u015fulu<\/em> sosyalizmdir<\/em>\u201d\u200b dedi\u011finde, TKP\u2019nin sosyalizm alternatifinin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izerek iyi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemeli. TKP, sosyalistlerin ezilen bir ulusa, kurtulu\u015fu i\u00e7in \u201csosyalizmi bekle<\/em>\u201d deme hakk\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 unutuyor! TKP program\u0131, ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, \u201csosyalist cumhuriyetin e\u015fit kurucu unsurlar\u0131 olarak T\u00fcrk, K\u00fcrt b\u00fct\u00fcn uluslardan emek\u00e7iler<\/em>\u201din \u201csadece <\/em><\/strong>bu yeni cumhuriyet i\u00e7in verecekleri m\u00fccadelede ortak bir irade geli\u015ftirebilecekleri<\/em>\u201d iddias\u0131nda bulunurken, Lenin\u2019in ezen ulus i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin ezilen ulusun ayr\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kay\u0131ts\u0131z \u015farts\u0131z kabul etmesinin karde\u015fle\u015fmenin temel dayana\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi\u011fini de unutuyor: \u201cProletarya, \u2018kendi\u2019 ulusu taraf\u0131ndan ezilen s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeler ve uluslar i\u00e7in siyasal ayr\u0131lma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc istemelidir. Yoksa, proletarya enternasyonalizmi bo\u015f bir s\u00f6zden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey olmazd\u0131; ezen uluslarla ezilen uluslar\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ileri aras\u0131nda ne g\u00fcven ne de s\u0131n\u0131f dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olurdu.<\/em>\u201d[21]<\/a> Unuttu\u011fu bir ba\u015fka \u015fey de, Lenin\u2019in Marx\u2019a yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 at\u0131ft\u0131r: \u201c\u2026ulusal sorunu \u2018toplumsal devrim ad\u0131na yads\u0131m\u0131\u015f olan\u2019 <\/em>Proudhon\u2019cular\u0131n tersine, <\/em>Marx, her \u015feyden \u00f6nce geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerdeki proletaryan\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131f sava\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak,.. \u2018ba\u015fka uluslar\u0131 ezen bir ulusun \u00f6zg\u00fcr olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/em>\u201d[22]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan TKP, UKKTH\u2019n\u0131n \u201cge\u00e7mi\u015fe ait bir taktik<\/em>\u201d olarak art\u0131k ge\u00e7ersiz oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131nda. Ve \u201culusal hak talepleri<\/em>\u201dni sosyalistlerin K\u00fcrt emek\u00e7ileri aras\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fctece\u011fi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada bile \u00f6nemsiz say\u0131yor: \u201cTKP\u2019nin K\u00fcrt emek\u00e7ileri i\u00e7inde y\u00fcr\u00fctece\u011fi \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda ulusal hak ve talepler de\u011fil anti-emperyalist ve s\u0131n\u0131fsal eksenler belirleyici olacakt\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d[23]<\/a><\/p>\n

Sosyalistlerin alternatifi tabii ki sosyalizmdir, ancak bu, emperyalizmi zay\u0131flatan bir ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilke olarak reddedilmesi anlam\u0131na gelmez. \u00dcstelik Lenin\u2019in ezen ulus sosyalistlerinin ulusal talepler \u00fczerinde durarak ayr\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131, ezilen ulus sosyalistlerinin ise s\u0131n\u0131fsal talepleri ve birli\u011fi savunmas\u0131yla ilgili s\u00f6yledikleri sosyalistli\u011fin gere\u011fidir.<\/p>\n

TKP UKKTH\u2019n\u0131 reddederken, \u201cb\u00f6l\u00fcnme<\/em>\u201d kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi platformunda bulunuyor: \u201cK\u00fcrt dayan\u0131\u015fmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n toplum genelinde sol kimli\u011fin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak alg\u0131lanmas\u0131nda iki sorunlu nokta bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bunlardan birincisi ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130kinci nokta ise K\u00fcrt siyasetlerinin emperyalizm yanl\u0131s\u0131 konumlar\u0131d\u0131r… TKP\u2019nin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesine ve emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 duruyor olmas\u0131 toplumsal alg\u0131daki sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmeye yetmemektedir.<\/em>\u201d[24]<\/a><\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u0130P\u2019i, K\u00fcrt meselesinde TKP\u2019den daha iyi bir noktada. Zaten HDP ile ittifak yapmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmad\u0131. Ancak Program\u0131nda \u201cK\u00fcrt halk\u0131 ve m\u00fccadelesini halk hareketinin vazge\u00e7ilmez bile\u015fenlerinden biri<\/em>\u201d saysa ve \u201cT\u0130P\u2026 <\/em>K\u00fcrt halk\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fit yurtta\u015fl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesini destekler, anadilde e\u011fitim ve anadilde ya\u015fam hakk\u0131n\u0131 benimser<\/em>\u201d dese bile, K\u00fcrt ulusunun<\/strong> de\u011fil, \u201cK\u00fcrt halk\u0131n\u0131n<\/strong><\/em>\u201d KKTH\u2019n\u0131 kabul ediyor. Fark k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck de\u011fildir; ulusal kaderini belirleme ve kurtulu\u015fla halk\u0131n kaderini belirlemesi ve kurtulu\u015fu farkl\u0131 \u015feylerdir, halk\u0131n kaderini belirlemesi sosyal kurtulu\u015f sorunudur ve ulusal kurtulu\u015fu kapsamaz. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ulusun de\u011fil halk\u0131n KKTH\u2019ndan s\u00f6z etmesi, T\u0130P\u2019in yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, TKP\u2019nin sorunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc sosyalizme havale eden yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na benzetiyor. Bu, ayn\u0131 zamanda program\u0131nda, Sol Parti\u2019nin \u201cbir arada ya\u015fam<\/em>\u201d dayatmas\u0131na benzeyen tutumunda da yans\u0131yor: Ulusal k\u00fclt\u00fcrel haklar\u0131n\u0131 benimsiyor, ama \u201cyurtta\u015fl\u0131k<\/em>\u201d dayatmas\u0131yla, deste\u011fini yine \u201cK\u00fcrt halk\u0131n\u0131n<\/em>\u201d \u201ce\u015fit yurtta\u015fl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesini<\/em>\u201d desteklemekle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yor ki, bu ayr\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131n reddiyle e\u015fanlaml\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

TKP-ML, Partizan, MLKP, ESP gibi izleyicileri olan, Kemalizm ve milli mesele \u00fczerine g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri, benzer g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere sahip olan K\u00fcrt ulusal hareketi taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6v\u00fclen \u0130brahim Kaypakkaya\u2019n\u0131n bu iki konuya yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u00fczerinde durulmamas\u0131 bir eksiklik olur.<\/p>\n

Kaypakkaya, bu iki konuda, bi\u00e7im olarak \u015e. H\u00fcsn\u00fc ve takip\u00e7ilerinin tam kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duruyor, ancak teorik temeli onlarla ortak. \u0130ki taraf da niteli\u011fini \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleyemedikleri ticaret burjuvazisi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 milli burjuvazinin Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131na \u00f6nderlik edebilmesini olanaks\u0131z say\u0131yor. Birinciler bu burjuvaziyi Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015faracak kadar devrimci saymazken, Kaypakkaya ise fazla devrimci oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131m\u0131yla di\u011fer tarafa b\u00fckerek i\u015fin i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131kmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u015e. H\u00fcsn\u00fc ve onun izini s\u00fcren \u201csol<\/em>\u201d, Kemalist hareketin sosyal temeli olan \u2013hele toprak a\u011falar\u0131yla ittifak halindeki\u2013 ticaret burjuvazinin c\u0131l\u0131z da olsa emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele edemeyece\u011fi ve bir \u00fcst tabaka milli devrimi yapamayaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinden hareketle, Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na \u00f6nderlik edip cumhuriyeti kuran\u0131n \u2013daha\u2013 devrimci bir s\u0131n\u0131f, \u00f6rne\u011fin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuvazi ya da onun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan \u201casker-sivil ayd\u0131nlar<\/em>\u201d (veya \u201chen\u00fcz s\u0131n\u0131fsal vas\u0131flar\u0131 \u015fekillenmemi\u015f<\/em>\u201d unsurlar) oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131yor. Ticari y\u00f6n\u00fc belirgin Kemalist burjuvazinin daha sava\u015f i\u00e7inde ba\u015flay\u0131p geli\u015fen emperyalistlerle uzla\u015fma ve giderek i\u015fbirli\u011fi ve i\u015f\u00e7i ve k\u00f6yl\u00fclerle ezilen K\u00fcrt ulusuna y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan hareketle Kaypakkaya ise, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesini k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmserken, bu s\u0131n\u0131f tavr\u0131n\u0131n gerici s\u0131n\u0131flara \u00f6zg\u00fc olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rerek, Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 emperyalistler ve i\u015fbirlik\u00e7ileri aras\u0131nda bir \u00e7eki\u015fme ve Kemalistleri de i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i burjuvazinin temsilcisi say\u0131yor. \u00d6nce Lenin ve Stalin\u2019i \u201cd\u00fczeltiyor<\/em>\u201d:<\/p>\n

\u201cLenin, Stalin ve \u015enurov yolda\u015flar, Kemalist devrimden bahsederken \u2018milli burjuva\u2019 kavram\u0131n\u0131, T\u00fcrk olan burjuva anlam\u0131nda kullanmaktad\u0131rlar. Milli burjuva-komprador burjuva ayr\u0131m\u0131, onlarda hen\u00fcz yoktur… Lenin, Stalin ve \u015enurov yolda\u015flar, Kemalist devrime, \u2018milli burjuva devrimi\u2019 derken, kastettikleri \u2018komprador olmayan burjuvazinin devrimi\u2019 de\u011fildir; kastettikleri \u2018T\u00fcrk olan burjuvazinin devrimi\u2019dir.<\/em>\u201d[25]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201c\u2018\u00dcst tabaka\u2019, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki i\u00e7inde palazlanm\u0131\u015f olan … T\u00fcrk komprador b\u00fcy\u00fck burjuvazisinin ta kendisidir.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201c\u0130ttihat ve Terakkiciler, Alman emperyalizmi ile i\u015fbirli\u011fine giri\u015ftiler\u2026 burjuvazinin bir kanad\u0131\u2026 palazland\u0131, T\u00fcrk b\u00fcy\u00fck burjuvazisini olu\u015fturdu\u2026 b\u00fcy\u00fcyen ve kompradorla\u015fan kanad\u0131 (yani T\u00fcrk komprador b\u00fcy\u00fck burjuvazisi) \u2026 Alman emperyalizminin kesin iflas\u0131 ve \u2026 egemenliklerinin tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015fmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, \u0130tilaf emperyalizmine\u2026 yak\u0131nla\u015fmaya\u2026 giri\u015ftiler. \u0130\u015fte Stalin yolda\u015f\u0131n, \u00fcst tabaka dedi\u011fi bunlard\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

Oysa Kaypakkaya\u2019n\u0131n yorumlay\u0131p d\u00fczeltmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Stalin ve Komintern, tersine s\u00f6m\u00fcrge ve yar\u0131-s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerde burjuvazinin b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc emperyalizmle i\u015fbirli\u011fi yaparken, di\u011fer b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn onunla m\u00fccadeleye y\u00f6neldi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemekteydi. Bunu \u00f6nce Lenin, III. Enternasyonal\u2019in II. Kongre tezlerini a\u00e7\u0131klarken belirtmi\u015fti:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u2026 <\/em>e\u011fer biz, burjuva demokratik hareketten s\u00f6z edersek, reformist hareketle dev\u00adrimci hareket aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131m silinmi\u015f olacakt\u0131r. Oysa, son zamanlarda, bu ayr\u0131m, geri kalm\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelerde ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeler\u00ad de b\u00fct\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla belirli bir hal alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc <\/em>emperyalist burjuvazi b\u00fct\u00fcn ara\u00e7lara ba\u015fvurarak, reformcu hareketi, ezilen halklar aras\u0131na da ekmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. S\u00f6m\u00fcren \u00fclkelerin burjuvazisiyle s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerin burjuvazisi aras\u0131nda bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yak\u0131nla\u015fma olmu\u015ftur, \u00f6yle ki, s\u0131k s\u0131k ve belki de \u00e7o\u011fu durumda, ezilen \u00fclkelerin burjuvazisi bir yandan ulusal hareketleri desteklerken, ayn\u0131 zamanda, emperyalist burjuvaziyle anla\u015fma halindedir<\/strong>, yani emperyalist burjuvaziyle birlikte devrimci hareketlere kar\u015f\u0131 ve devrimci s\u0131n\u0131flara kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131m vermektedir<\/strong>.<\/em>\u201d[26]<\/a><\/p>\n

Kaypakkaya ise, emperyalistlerle uzla\u015fma ve Takrir-i S\u00fckun t\u00fcr\u00fc halka y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131yla bir dizi gerici uygulamas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Kemalist burjuvazinin komprador burjuvazi oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc: \u201cMilli Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nderli\u011fi, ta ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren \u0130ttihat ve Terakki i\u00e7indeki T\u00fcrk komprador b\u00fcy\u00fck burjuvazisinin, toprak a\u011falar\u0131n\u0131n ve tefecilerin eline ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131nda iki komprador klik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131! A\u00e7\u0131k konu\u015ftu: \u201cHakim s\u0131n\u0131flar i\u00e7indeki m\u00fccadele, san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, iktidar\u0131 elinde tutan milli burjuvazi ile komprador b\u00fcy\u00fck burjuvazinin ve toprak a\u011falar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131nda cereyan etmiyordu. Esas olarak, komprador b\u00fcy\u00fck burjuvazinin ve toprak a\u011falar\u0131n\u0131n iki kanad\u0131 aras\u0131nda cereyan ediyordu.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, Kaypakkaya\u2019dan \u00f6nce, \u201c\u2026 halks\u0131z bir yoldan devleti kurtarmak isteyen<\/em>\u201d, \u201cemperyalizm Osmanl\u0131 \u00fclkelerini boyunduru\u011fu alt\u0131na al\u0131rken,.. Bat\u0131 kapitalist s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n… yerli ortaklar\u0131 haline<\/em>\u201d gelen \u201cbat\u0131c\u0131 b\u00fcrokratlar<\/em>\u201d\u0131n \u201cKurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7inde, b\u00fcy\u00fck toprak sahibi ayan kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ya da e\u015fraf\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ile ge\u00e7ici, fakat apa\u00e7\u0131k bir i\u015fbirli\u011fi<\/em>\u201d[27]<\/a> yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yazan \u0130dris K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck\u00f6mer taraf\u0131ndan savunulmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Ve Kaypakkaya, b\u00fcy\u00fck burjuvaziyle fa\u015fizmi \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in, bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle de h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc verdi: \u201cKemalizm, bizzat fa\u015fizm demektir. Kemalist diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck, askeri fa\u015fist bir diktat\u00f6rl\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

Ticaret burjuvazinin gerici tutumlar\u0131n\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hen\u00fcz feodalizmle s\u0131k\u0131 ba\u011flara sahip ve emperyalizmle de uzla\u015fmaya yatk\u0131n \u201c\u00fcst tabaka<\/em>\u201ddan olmas\u0131, ama i\u015fgal kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda pazar\u0131n\u0131 sahiplenerek \u201cmilli ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k<\/em>\u201d pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015fmesini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6rmeyen Kaypakkaya, \u00f6nderli\u011fin emperyalizmin i\u015fbirlik\u00e7isi komprador b\u00fcy\u00fck burjuvazide olabilece\u011fine karar verdi. Ancak \u201cKemalist milli<\/em> devrim<\/em>\u201dden s\u00f6z etmeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu, garip bir durum olu\u015fturdu: \u201ckomprador burjuvazinin en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir devrimci niteli\u011fi yoktur<\/em>\u201d demesine ra\u011fmen, emperyalizmin i\u015fbirlik\u00e7isi b\u00fcy\u00fck burjuvazinin milli devrim<\/strong> yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etmi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

Kaypakkaya\u2019n\u0131n 68\u2019in \u201cen ilerisi<\/em>\u201d say\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ikinci kan\u0131t\u0131 olarak ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen milli meseleyi ele al\u0131\u015f\u0131 da yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve Lenin ve Stalin\u2019i bir ba\u015fka d\u00fczeltme giri\u015fimidir.<\/p>\n

Kaypakkaya, UKKTH\u2019n\u0131 ezilen ulusun devlet kurma hakk\u0131 olarak anlar ve \u201cK\u00fcrt isyanlar\u0131n\u0131n yeni T\u00fcrk devleti taraf\u0131ndan vah\u015fice bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve\u2026 kitle katliamlar\u0131n\u0131 feodalizme kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6nelmi\u015f \u2018ilerici\u2019, \u2018devrimci\u2019 bir hareket diye alk\u0131\u015flayanlar\u2026 iflah olmaz hakim ulus milliyet\u00e7ileridir<\/em>\u201d derken yerden g\u00f6\u011fe kadar hakl\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak milli meseleyi ele al\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve niteli\u011fine yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 emperyalizm ve proleter devrimleri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde, kapitalizmin y\u00fckseli\u015f d\u00f6neminde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. y\u00fczy\u0131lda oldu\u011fu gibi, milli meselenin farkl\u0131 uluslar\u0131n burjuvazileri aras\u0131nda pazar kavgas\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndedir: \u201cMilli bask\u0131lar\u0131n esas hedefi, ezilen, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 ve uyruk milletin burjuvazisidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hakim millete mensup kapitalistler ve toprak a\u011falar\u0131, \u00fclkenin\u2026 pazarlar\u0131n\u0131n rakipsiz sahibi olmak [ve] devlet kurma imtiyazlar\u0131n\u0131 ellerinde tutmak isterler… Ezilen milliyete mensup burjuvazi ve toprak a\u011falar\u0131\u2026 da kendi pazar\u0131na kendisi sahip olmak, bu pazar\u0131 diledi\u011fi gibi kontrol etmek, maddi zenginlikleri ve halk\u0131n i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kendisi s\u00f6m\u00fcrmek ister.<\/em>\u201d Ve Stalin\u2019in kapitalizmin y\u00fckseli\u015f d\u00f6nemine ili\u015fkin s\u00f6ylediklerini kan\u0131t g\u00f6sterir: \u201cStalin yolda\u015f\u0131n ifadesiyle \u2018pazara kim hakim olacakt\u0131r?\u2019 Meselenin \u00f6z\u00fc budur.<\/em>\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Oysa Stalin, \u00e7oktan Ekim Devriminin \u201cUlusal sorunu, ulusal boyunduru\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f gibi \u00f6zel bir sorun olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kararak, ezilen halklar\u0131n, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerin ve yar\u0131-s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerin emperyalist s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcden kurtulu\u015fu genel so\u00adrunu haline getirerek bunun alan\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmi\u015f<\/em>\u201d[28]<\/a> oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015fti. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla milli meseleyi, yaln\u0131zca \u00fclke i\u00e7i bir mesele olarak, emperyalizmle ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kurmadan, K\u00fcrt ve T\u00fcrk burjuvazisi aras\u0131nda bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma olarak ele alan ve kendisini K\u00fcrt burjuva ulusal kurtulu\u015f hareketini desteklemekle s\u0131n\u0131rlayan Kaypakkaya, bu konuda, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin kan\u0131t\u0131 olarak g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi Stalin\u2019le \u00e7eli\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n

    ***<\/p>\n

    Az\u0131nl\u0131k durumundaki Kaypakkaya ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinden etkilenenler, Kemalist hareket ve cumhuriyet ilan\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcren Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ilerletici yanlar\u0131 ve olumluluklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u00fcyor, nedeni olarak da s\u0131n\u0131f temellerinin ger\u00e7e\u011finden geri oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar. \u015e. H\u00fcsn\u00fc\u2019den ba\u015flayarak, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz TKP\u2019si ve T\u0130P\u2019iyle Sol Parti\u2019nin de i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye \u201csolu<\/em>\u201dnun b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyse Kemalist hareketi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuvazinin devrimci hareketi sayma e\u011filiminde, bu nedenle hem onu, hem de onun damgas\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131yla Cumhuriyet ve di\u011fer \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini zay\u0131fl\u0131k ve tutars\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmeyip abartarak y\u00fcceltiyor. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm, Kemalist harekete yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finden etkilenmekle kalm\u0131yor, ezilen ulus hareketinin \u201cb\u00f6l\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fck<\/em>\u201d olarak nitelenmesine varanlar\u0131 da kapsayarak, milli meselede ezen ulus milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi platformunda bulunuyor ya da ondan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bi\u00e7imde etkileniyor. \u201c\u0130lerici de\u011fer<\/em>\u201d ya da sahiplendikleri \u201ckanunlar\u0131<\/em>\u201d ile cumhuriyete ili\u015fkin abart\u0131lar\u0131ysa, onlar\u0131 bug\u00fcn \u201ccumhuriyetin y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\/em>\u201d ileri s\u00fcrme noktas\u0131na getirmi\u015f bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

    [1]<\/a> Sol Parti (2020) \u201cGerici Fa\u015fist \u0130ktidar\u0131 Yenece\u011fiz\u201d, https:\/\/solparti.org\/Haber\/devrimci-demokratik<\/p>\n

    [2]<\/a> Sol Parti (2021) \u201cEmperyalizmi ve Gericili\u011fi Yenece\u011fiz\u201d, https:\/\/solparti.org\/Haber\/Yeniden-cumhuriyet<\/p>\n

    [3]<\/a> G\u00fcler, A. (2022) \u201cTKP’li Aydemir G\u00fcler: Ezan\u0131n K\u00fcrt\u00e7e okunmas\u0131 talebi laikli\u011fin ihlalidir!\u201d, Halk Tv<\/em>, https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fLt3RyPTh_M<\/p>\n

    [4]<\/a> Bkz. Yal\u00e7\u0131ner, M. (2023) \u201cKemalist Laisizm ve TKP\u201d, Teori ve Eylem<\/em>, Say\u0131: 58.<\/p>\n

    [5]<\/a> TKP (2022) \u201cKaybedecek Bir G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Dahi Yok\u201d, https:\/\/www.tkp.org.tr\/aciklamalar\/kaybedecek-bir-gunumuz-dahi-yok\/<\/p>\n

    [6]<\/a> T\u0130P 1965 Program\u0131.<\/p>\n

    [7]<\/a> T\u0130P 1975 Program\u0131, sf. 30. Hatta programa g\u00f6re 27 May\u0131s darbesi de onlar\u0131n eseridir: \u201c\u2026 <\/em>k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva ra\u00addikalizmi bu iktidar\u0131n 1950-1960 aras\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bi\u00e7ime ve uy\u00adgulamalara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve bunun sonucunda meydana ge\u00adlen 27 May\u0131s hareketi..<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

    [8]<\/a> Aktaran Selvi, K. (2007) \u201cMilli Demokratik Devrim Tezi: 1960\u2019larda T\u00fcrkiye Solunda bir Ayr\u0131m Noktas\u0131\u201d, Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, https:\/\/dspace.ankara.edu.tr\/xmlui\/bitstream\/handle\/20.500.12575\/79102\/208212.pdf?sequence=1<\/p>\n

    [9]<\/a> \u00c7ayan, M. (2003) B\u00fct\u00fcn Yaz\u0131lar<\/em>, Birinci Bask\u0131, Eri\u015f Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, sf. 289.<\/p>\n

    [10]<\/a> \u00c7ayan, age, sf. 88.<\/p>\n

    [11]<\/a> H\u00fcsn\u00fc, \u015e. (1973) Se\u00e7me Yaz\u0131lar<\/em>, Birinci Bask\u0131, Ayd\u0131nl\u0131k Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, sf. 218.<\/p>\n

    [12]<\/a> H\u00fcsn\u00fc, agy, sf. 176-77.<\/p>\n

    [13]<\/a> Stalin, J. (2009) \u201c\u00c7in Devrimi ve Komintern\u2019in G\u00f6revleri\u201d, Works Vol. 9<\/em>, Marxist Internet Archive, https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/reference\/archive\/stalin\/works\/1927\/05\/24.htm<\/p>\n

    [14]<\/a> H\u00fcsn\u00fc, agy, sf. 229-30.<\/p>\n

    [15]<\/a> H\u00fcsn\u00fc, agy, sf. 219-20.<\/p>\n

    [16]<\/a> Stalin, J. (1992) Eserler: Cilt 10<\/em>, Birinci Bask\u0131, \u00e7ev. \u0130. Yark\u0131n, \u0130nter Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, sf. 14.<\/p>\n

    [17]<\/a> Stalin, J. (2009) \u201cSun Yat-Sen \u00dcniversitesi \u00d6\u011frencileriyle Konu\u015fma\u201d, Marxist Internet Archive, https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/reference\/archive\/stalin\/works\/1927\/05\/13.htm<\/p>\n

    [18]<\/a> Tuncay, M. (2009) T\u00fcrkiye’de sol ak\u0131mlar: 1908-1925<\/em>, \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, sf. 187.<\/p>\n

    [19]<\/a> H\u00fcsn\u00fc, \u015e. (1997) Komintern Organlar\u0131ndaki Yaz\u0131 ve Konu\u015fmalar<\/em>, Ayd\u0131nl\u0131k Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, sf. 87-88.<\/p>\n

    [20]<\/a> \u201cYeniden Kurulu\u015f i\u00e7in\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 Sol Parti 2. Kongre Sonu\u00e7 Bildirgesinden. Bkz. https:\/\/solparti.org\/Haber\/sonuc-bildirisi<\/p>\n

    [21]<\/a> Lenin, V. \u0130. (1992) Uluslar\u0131n Kaderlerini Tayin Hakk\u0131<\/em>, 8. Bask\u0131, \u00e7ev. M. Erdost, Sol Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, sf. 128.<\/p>\n

    [22]<\/a> Lenin, age, sf. 129.<\/p>\n

    [23]<\/a> TKP 2004 Konferans Raporu i\u00e7in bkz. https:\/\/www.tkp.org.tr\/temel-metinler\/2004-konferans-raporu\/<\/p>\n

    [24]<\/a> TKP 2004 Konferans Raporu.<\/p>\n

    [25]<\/a> \u0130. Kaypakkaya\u2019dan yap\u0131lan b\u00fct\u00fcn aktarmalar i\u00e7in bkz. Kaypakkaya, \u0130. (2020) Se\u00e7me Yaz\u0131lar<\/em>, Umut Yay\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k, https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/turkce\/kaypakkaya\/kaypakkayasecmeyazilar.pdf<\/p>\n

    [26]<\/a> Lenin, Uluslar\u0131n Kaderlerini Tayin Hakk\u0131<\/em>, sf. 193.<\/p>\n

    [27]<\/a> K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck\u00f6mer, \u0130. (1994) Bat\u0131l\u0131la\u015fma ve D\u00fczenin Yabanc\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131<\/em>, Ba\u011flam Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, sf. 52.<\/p>\n

    [28]<\/a> Stalin, J. (1990) Marksizm ve Ulusal Sorun ve S\u00f6m\u00fcrge Sorunu<\/em>, \u00e7ev. M. Ardos, 4. Bask\u0131, Sol Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, sf. 92.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Mustafa Yal\u00e7\u0131ner   Cumhuriyetin 100. y\u0131l\u0131na Mustafa Kemal d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 dinci gericili\u011fin egemenli\u011finde giriliyor. M. Kemal ve Kemalist hareketle uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fma g\u00f6t\u00fcrmez. Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce Kemalist hareket i\u015fgale u\u011frayan \u00fclkede emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 saf tutmu\u015fken, g\u00fcncel dinci tekelci gericilik i\u015fbirlik\u00e7idir. Ve ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta iktidar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in, dinci gericili\u011fin dayanaklar\u0131n\u0131 budam\u0131\u015f; bu kapsamda saltanat ve hilafeti kald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, laiklik ilan edip din i\u015flerini Diyanet\u2019in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3545,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[626,627,336],"tags":[638,630,631,632,633,634,635,636,637,628],"class_list":["post-3544","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-61-sayi-guz-2023","category-100-yilin-bakiyesi","category-mustafa-yalciner","tag-mustafa-yalciner","tag-100-yil","tag-kemalizm","tag-ataturk","tag-m-kemal","tag-mustafa-kemal","tag-ataturkculuk","tag-ibrahim-kaypakkaya","tag-mahir-cayan","tag-cumhuriyet"],"yoast_head":"\n100. y\u0131lda Kemalizm ve Cumhuriyete \u2018soldan\u2019 bak\u0131\u015f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2023\/11\/22\/100-yil\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"en_EN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"100. y\u0131lda Kemalizm ve Cumhuriyete \u2018soldan\u2019 bak\u0131\u015f\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mustafa Yal\u00e7\u0131ner   Cumhuriyetin 100. y\u0131l\u0131na Mustafa Kemal d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 dinci gericili\u011fin egemenli\u011finde giriliyor. 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