{"id":3456,"date":"2023-05-26T23:36:14","date_gmt":"2023-05-26T20:36:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/?p=3456"},"modified":"2023-05-26T23:36:14","modified_gmt":"2023-05-26T20:36:14","slug":"turkiye-yunanistan-iliskileri-ezeli-dusmanlik-mi-tekelci-cikarlar-ve-yayilmacilik-mi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2023\/05\/26\/turkiye-yunanistan-iliskileri-ezeli-dusmanlik-mi-tekelci-cikarlar-ve-yayilmacilik-mi\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00dcRK\u0130YE-YUNAN\u0130STAN \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130LER\u0130: EZEL\u0130 D\u00dc\u015eMANLIK MI TEKELC\u0130 \u00c7IKARLAR VE YAYILMACILIK MI?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Seyit Aldo\u011fan<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ve hemen arkas\u0131ndan ya\u015fanan m\u00fcbadele y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 bir kenara b\u0131rak\u0131rsak, T\u00fcrkiye Yunanistan ili\u015fkileri; 1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda ve daha \u00e7ok da 1974\u2019te K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019a yap\u0131lan askeri \u00e7\u0131karmadan sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde, siyasi dengelere ve konjonkt\u00fcre ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bazen yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak bazen de ihtiya\u00e7 halinde g\u00fcndeme getirilerek tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. H\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin sava\u015f nedeni anlam\u0131na gelen \u201ccasus belli<\/em>\u201d ilanlar\u0131yla art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerginlikler, son iki y\u0131ld\u0131r kamuoyu alg\u0131s\u0131nda sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kacak noktas\u0131na kadar geldi. \u201cUluslararas\u0131 deniz hukuku<\/em>\u201d, \u201cegemenlik haklar\u0131<\/em>\u201d, \u201cmavi vatan<\/em>\u201d gibi arg\u00fcmanlarla desteklenen d\u00fc\u015fmanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 politikalar\u0131n g\u00f6lgesinde yap\u0131lan \u201cdiplomatik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmden yanay\u0131z<\/em>\u201d a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131n ise ikiy\u00fczl\u00fc burjuva diplomasi ve propagandas\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir anlam ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk-Yunan sorunlar\u0131 ve ili\u015fkilerini esas olarak b\u00f6lgemiz ve b\u00f6lgemizin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu daha geni\u015f bir co\u011frafya \u00fczerindeki emperyalist hegemonya ve yay\u0131lmac\u0131 politikalar, m\u00fcdahale planlar\u0131, payla\u015f\u0131m rekabetleri ve tekelci \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu dengelerden ayr\u0131 olarak ele almak sadece yanl\u0131\u015f sonu\u00e7lar \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7makla kalmaz, ama ayn\u0131 zamanda emperyalist-kapitalist sistem hakk\u0131nda perspektif yanl\u0131\u015f\u0131na da s\u00fcr\u00fckler.<\/p>\n

\u0130ki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki sorunlar ve neden olduklar\u0131 gerginlikler daha \u00e7ok \u201ci\u00e7 kamuoyuna y\u00f6nelik<\/em>\u201d, \u201cmilliyet\u00e7i tutum ve politikalar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi<\/em>\u201d de\u011ferlendirme ve yorumlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Bu yanl\u0131\u015f de\u011fil, ancak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc bir de\u011ferlendirme olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmelidir. Hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, egemen s\u0131n\u0131flar ve s\u00f6zc\u00fcleri var olan sorunlar\u0131 kullanarak ve gerici milliyet\u00e7i propagandalara a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k vererek kitleleri yedekleme politikalar\u0131na her zaman ba\u015fvurmu\u015flard\u0131r. \u201cUlusal \u00e7\u0131karlar<\/em>\u201d ve \u201culusal egemenlik<\/em>\u201d gibi arg\u00fcmanlar, burjuva propaganda merkezlerinin vazge\u00e7ilmez g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kara propaganda malzemeleri olarak her d\u00f6nem kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve kullan\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Bir d\u00f6nem \u201ckarde\u015f<\/em>\u201d ilan edilenlerin sonra \u201ckatil<\/em>\u201d olduklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6ylenmesi, \u201cdarbeci<\/em>\u201d denilenlere el uzat\u0131lmas\u0131, yeni d\u00f6nem tahlilleri yap\u0131larak bin bir su\u00e7lamayla s\u0131rt d\u00f6n\u00fclenlerin kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131nmas\u0131, \u201cbir gece ans\u0131z\u0131n gelmeler<\/em>\u201d, \u201cdenize d\u00f6kmeler<\/em>\u201d vb. bunun \u00f6rnekleridir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye-Yunanistan ili\u015fkileri g\u00fcndem oldu\u011funda, bu t\u00fcr kara propagandalar daha \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tarihsel ge\u00e7mi\u015fe at\u0131fta bulunulmas\u0131, anla\u015fmazl\u0131k konular\u0131n\u0131n \u0131s\u0131t\u0131larak gerginlikler yarat\u0131lmas\u0131, ulusal g\u00fcvenli\u011fin tehdit edildi\u011fi s\u00f6ylemine a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verilmesi, yay\u0131lmac\u0131 ve rant\u00e7\u0131 politikalar\u0131n emek\u00e7i halk nezdinde taban bulmas\u0131na ve yedeklenmesine y\u00f6nelik olarak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; her iki \u00fclke egemen s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar ve talepleri, Ege\u2019nin iki yakas\u0131nda ya\u015fayan halklar\u0131n talep ve sorunlar\u0131 gibi g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u0130ki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda k\u0131ta sahanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ekonomik m\u00fcnhas\u0131r b\u00f6lge veya b\u00f6lgelerin d\u00fczenlenmesi, Ege\u2019nin her iki ulusun \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na hizmet edecek bir stat\u00fcye kavu\u015fturulmas\u0131 gibi bir dizi sorun oldu\u011fu do\u011frudur. Bunlar\u0131n ancak halklar\u0131n karde\u015fli\u011fi ve ortak \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 savunan devrimci ve halk\u00e7\u0131 politikalar izlenerek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilece\u011fi bir ba\u015fka ger\u00e7ektir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bug\u00fcn iki \u00fclkenin gerici y\u00f6netimlerince ortaya konan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerileri ve i\u00e7erikleri halklar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zetmemekte, ama birbirleri aleyhine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck, \u00e7\u0131kar ve rant sa\u011flamay\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almay\u0131 hedeflemektedir. Bu \u015fartlarda her iki \u00fclke hakim s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131 e\u015fit derecede tatmin edecek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerin \u00fcretilmesi olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yok gibidir. B\u00f6lgedeki dengelerin de\u011fi\u015fmesinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra her iki \u00fclke y\u00f6netiminin b\u00f6lgesel g\u00fc\u00e7 eksenleri i\u00e7inde yer alarak emperyalist planlar\u0131n taraf\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve uluslararas\u0131 tekellerin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131yla \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fan politikalar izlemesi, herhangi bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc olas\u0131l\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmakla kalmamakta, hatta daha komplike bir durumun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Anla\u015fmazl\u0131k Nedenleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yunanistan D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n resmi internet sitesinde T\u00fcrkiye ve Yunanistan aras\u0131ndaki sorunlar \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralanmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\u201c– T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve uluslararas\u0131 toplum i\u00e7indeki k\u0131y\u0131 sahibi \u00fclkelerin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin (Karadeniz ve do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019de oldu\u011fu gibi) kabul etti\u011fi yasal ve egemenlik haklar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n kara sular\u0131n\u0131 12 mile \u00e7\u0131karma hakk\u0131 sava\u015f nedeni (casus belli) olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/em><\/p>\n

– T\u00fcrk sava\u015f u\u00e7aklar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan hava saham\u0131z\u0131n tan\u0131nmamas\u0131 ve ihlal edilmesi.<\/em><\/p>\n

– Adalar \u00fczerindeki hatta oturulan adalar \u00fczerindeki egemenlik haklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n kabul edilmemesi.<\/em><\/p>\n

– Deniz s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilmemesi.<\/em><\/p>\n

– Hava trafi\u011fini d\u00fczenleyen Atina FIR sahas\u0131 \u00fczerindeki yetkinin tan\u0131nmamas\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

– Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n yetkisi i\u00e7inde bulunan b\u00f6lgelerde ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve kurtarma hakk\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilmemesi.<\/em><\/p>\n

– Do\u011fu Ege\u2019deki adalar\u0131n ve 12 adan\u0131n silahs\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n talep edilmesi.<\/em>\u201d[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n resmi olarak T\u00fcrk-Yunan sorununa ili\u015fkin s\u0131ralad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu maddeler ters \u00e7evrildi\u011finde, kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin soruna ili\u015fkin resmi yakla\u015f\u0131m ve politikas\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Bunlara; K\u0131br\u0131s, m\u00fcnhas\u0131r ekonomik b\u00f6lge, az\u0131nl\u0131klar sorunu, dini \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak Fener Rum Patrikhanesinin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Bat\u0131 Trakya\u2019ya ili\u015fkin talepleri de eklenebilir.<\/p>\n

Son y\u0131llarda daha s\u0131k aral\u0131klarla g\u00fcndeme gelen T\u00fcrk-Yunan ili\u015fkileri, b\u00f6lgedeki geli\u015fme ve dengelere, yay\u0131lmac\u0131 politikalara, egemen s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar ve kayg\u0131lar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilmeli ve ele al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dczerinde bulundu\u011fumuz co\u011frafik b\u00f6lgeye y\u00f6nelik emperyalist m\u00fcdahale, i\u015fgal ve yay\u0131lmac\u0131 planlar\u0131n uygulamaya sokulmas\u0131, enerji yollar\u0131n\u0131n daha \u00e7ok \u00f6nem kazanmas\u0131 ve payla\u015f\u0131m kavgalar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan rekabetin artmas\u0131 T\u00fcrk-Yunan ili\u015fkilerinde ya\u015fanan gerginlikleri de sertle\u015fme y\u00f6n\u00fcnde tetikledi. Bunun sonucu olarak, k\u0131ta sahanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunundan m\u00fcnhas\u0131r ekonomik b\u00f6lge ilanlar\u0131na kadar bir dizi sorunda \u201ccasus belli<\/em>\u201d ilanlar\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131 ve her iki \u00fclke y\u00f6netimi b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleriyle yeni anla\u015fmalara y\u00f6nelerek ittifaklar kurdu. Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n son y\u0131llarda bir yandan ABD, NATO ve AB\u2019ye ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 artarken, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yle sorun ya\u015fayan \u00fclkelerin \u00e7o\u011fu ile ekonomik ve askeri alanda i\u015fbirli\u011fini geli\u015ftirmesi, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Rusya, Libya, M\u0131s\u0131r, Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri, Suriye, Suudi Arabistan, \u0130srail vb. ili\u015fkilerinin giriftli\u011fi, buna \u00f6rnek olarak verilebilir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye y\u00f6netiminin Suriye politikas\u0131; K\u00fcrt sorunu ve Amerikan stratejisine uygun d\u00fc\u015fmeyen yay\u0131lmac\u0131 politikalara y\u00f6nelmesi ve Rusya ile ili\u015fkiler geli\u015ftirmesi, ABD ve NATO cephesinde tepkiyle kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131. Cihat\u00e7\u0131 gruplara verilen destek, \u0130srail politikas\u0131, M\u0131s\u0131r ve Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri ile ya\u015fanan sorunlar, T\u00fcrk-Yunan ili\u015fkileri, K\u00fcrt sorununda ABD\u2019ye ko\u015fullar ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve Rusya ile yap\u0131lan S-400 anla\u015fmas\u0131 vb. T\u00fcrkiye-ABD ili\u015fkilerinde \u00f6nemli sorunlard\u0131r. Bunlara, Ruslar\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi enerji havuzu yapma planlar\u0131, n\u00fckleer santral yap\u0131m\u0131 ve belli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerde Rusya\u2019ya konan ambargonun T\u00fcrkiye taraf\u0131ndan delinmesi de eklenebilir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bir yandan ABD-NATO politikalar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klarken di\u011fer yandan, b\u00f6lgede Suriye ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla K\u00fcrt sorununda i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u00e7mazlarla birlikte Rusya ile ili\u015fkiler geli\u015ftirmesi, Rusya-Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131nda \u201cne Rusya\u2019dan ne Ukrayna\u2019dan vazge\u00e7ilemeyece\u011fini<\/em>\u201d a\u00e7\u0131klayarak iki sandala birden binmeye devam edece\u011fini ilan etmesi ve arkas\u0131ndan ambargoya uymayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve \u201cmilli<\/em>\u201d bir politika izlemesinden kaynaklanmamaktad\u0131r. Tersine T\u00fcrkiye iki emperyalist aras\u0131nda mekik dokuyarak b\u00f6lgedeki b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm kavgas\u0131na dahil olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Ve yine tersine b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar \u00fclkeyi \u015fantaja, yapt\u0131r\u0131mlara ve \u00e7e\u015fitli \u2018cezaland\u0131rmalara a\u00e7\u0131k hale getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n \u2018ko\u00e7ba\u015f\u0131\u2019 <\/em>olma ata\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yunanistan, tam da bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te gerek Balkanlarda gerekse de Ege ve Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019de ABD ve NATO planlar\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan politikalar izleyerek ko\u00e7ba\u015f\u0131 olmaya aday oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlad\u0131. Makedonya\u2019n\u0131n NATO \u00fcyeli\u011fine ili\u015fkin veto kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve Makedonya\u2019ya NATO \u00fcyeli\u011finin yolu a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n ABD ve NATO taraf\u0131ndan abluka alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 plan\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli aya\u011f\u0131 olan devasa b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki Bat\u0131 Trakya \u00fcss\u00fcne izin verildi. Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019daki askeri g\u00fc\u00e7 ve donan\u0131mlar buraya kayd\u0131r\u0131larak, Rusya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir mevzi olu\u015fturuldu. Bat\u0131 Trakya \u00fcss\u00fcn\u00fcn gerek Balkanlar, Karadeniz, Akdeniz ve gerekse de Asya ve Afrika ile ilgili planlarda ciddi bir rol oynayaca\u011f\u0131 daha \u015fimdiden ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f bulunuyor. \u015eu anda NATO ve ABD silah ve askeri ikmal ve takviyelerini daha \u00e7ok bu \u00fcs \u00fczerinden yap\u0131yor. ABD, \u00f6zellikle Ortado\u011fu\u2019ya m\u00fcdahalede ve Rusya\u2019n\u0131n abluka alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131nda bu \u00fcsse olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nem veriyor. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz Ekim ay\u0131nda ABD ile imzalanan be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k anla\u015fma do\u011frultusunda Washington Post\u2019a deme\u00e7 veren Yunanistan Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Kiryakos Mi\u00e7otakis\u2019in s\u00f6zleri olduk\u00e7a a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131 niteliktedir: \u201cBe\u015f y\u0131lda bir s\u00fcresi otomatik olarak uzat\u0131lan \u00fcs anla\u015fmas\u0131 yapt\u0131k. Anla\u015fma Amerika\u2019n\u0131n yeni \u00fcsler a\u00e7mas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir. En \u00f6nemlisi, Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n kuzey do\u011fusunda bulunan ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye \u00e7ok yak\u0131n olan Aleksandropolis liman\u0131d\u0131r. Buras\u0131 Amerika ve NATO\u2019nun askeri g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin Do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019daki do\u011fal kap\u0131s\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

Yunanistan h\u00fck\u00fcmeti a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ABD politikalar\u0131yla \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fan bir tutum alm\u0131\u015f ve Ukrayna\u2019ya silah g\u00f6nderen ilk \u00fclkelerden biri olmu\u015ftu. Bu tutum sadece Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n konjonkt\u00fcrel durumdan pay kapma ata\u011f\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131klanamaz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ABD ve Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n \u201cstratejik ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u201d f\u0131rsatlar\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesinin de\u011fil uzun s\u00fcreli emperyalist plan ve m\u00fcdahalelerin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yunanistan \u00f6zel kuvvetlerinin ABD taraf\u0131ndan, Balkan \u00fclkeleri \u00f6zel kuvvetlerinin de Yunanistan taraf\u0131ndan sistematik olarak e\u011fitildikleri biliniyor. Bas\u0131nda \u00e7ok yer almasa da, Balkanlar\u0131n bir tatbikatlar arenas\u0131na d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirtmek gerekir. Her y\u0131l yap\u0131lan \u00e7ok say\u0131daki tatbikattan biri olan \u201c\u0130niohos<\/em>\u201d; Yunanistan, ABD, \u0130talya, Fransa, \u0130srail, Suudi Arabistan, Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri ve Katar\u2019\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmektedir. Daha \u00e7ok hava kuvvetlerine a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verilen bu tatbikata deniz ve kara g\u00fc\u00e7leri de kat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yunanistan ve \u0130srail silahl\u0131 kuvvetlerinin ortakla\u015fa ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi tatbikatlardan biri de, Teselya<\/em> b\u00f6lgesinde yap\u0131lan ortak tatbikatt\u0131r ve bu tatbikata ABD g\u00fc\u00e7leri de kat\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Yunanistan, K\u0131br\u0131s, M\u0131s\u0131r ve \u0130srail\u2019in b\u00f6lgede olu\u015fturdu\u011fu i\u015fbirli\u011fini, enerji hatlar\u0131 ve rezervlerinin ortak s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclmesinden ayr\u0131 ele almak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Bu tatbikat\u0131 ko\u015fullayan ama\u00e7, ekonomik, siyasi ve askeri planda \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n abluka alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131, Suriye sorunundan ve b\u00f6lgedeki di\u011fer \u00e7\u0131kar dengelerinden kaynaklanan rekabette ABD-NATO ve b\u00f6lge gericiliklerinin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda egemenlik ve \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flanmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yunanistan Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Konstantinos Floros taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen ve Yunan resmi politikas\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc rotas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izen \u201cFloros Doktrini<\/em>\u201d, esas olarak Yunanistan silahl\u0131 kuvvetlerinin ve b\u00f6lgedeki m\u00fcttefiklerinin g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesini i\u00e7eriyor. \u00d6zellikle gelecekteki s\u00fcre\u00e7ler ve emperyalist planlar g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak, Girit adas\u0131n\u0131n askeri bir \u00fcs durumuna getirilmesi hedefleniyor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla enerji hatlar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, olu\u015fan rekabet ve dengelerden dolay\u0131 Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019in \u00f6neminin artmas\u0131 vb. \u201cFloros Doktrini<\/em>\u201dnin hareket noktas\u0131n\u0131 ve temelini olu\u015fturuyor. Yunanistan silahl\u0131 kuvvetlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 resmi sitede geni\u015f\u00e7e yer alan \u201cFloros Doktrini<\/em>\u201dnin temel hedeflerinden biri de hava kuvvetlerinin g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131yor. Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n son y\u0131llarda T\u00fcrkiye ile k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hava kuvvetleri alan\u0131nda belli bir \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yorumlar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmakta oldu\u011funu da belirtmek gerekir. T\u00fcrkiye gibi, silahlanmaya devasa b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte bir b\u00fct\u00e7enin ayr\u0131l\u0131yor olmas\u0131 ve silahlanmaya a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verilmesi, b\u00f6lgede ABD-NATO eksenine ba\u011fl\u0131 \u201cko\u00e7ba\u015f\u0131<\/em>\u201d rol\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcstlenildi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. Adalar\u0131n silahland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 sorununu da bu ba\u011flamda g\u00f6rmek gerekir.<\/p>\n

Adalar\u0131n Lozan Anla\u015fmas\u0131 gere\u011fi silahlardan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunan resmi T\u00fcrk politikas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 Yunan h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri ulusal egemenliklerinin T\u00fcrkiye taraf\u0131ndan tehdit edildi\u011fini savunuyor ve tehdit alt\u0131nda bulunan bir \u00fclkenin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 korumak amac\u0131yla adalar\u0131n silahland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 bir hak olarak ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l Midilli adas\u0131na askeri ara\u00e7 ve te\u00e7hizat\u0131n konu\u015fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na T\u00fcrkiye sert tepki g\u00f6stermi\u015f ve bu geli\u015fmeden ABD h\u00fck\u00fcmetini sorumlu tutmu\u015ftu. ABD taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klama ise Yunan politikalar\u0131n\u0131 onaylar nitelikteydi. ABD yetkilileri adalar\u0131n Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n ulusal egemenlik s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu ve bunlar\u0131n Yunan adalar\u0131 oldu\u011fundan hi\u00e7bir ku\u015fku duyulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. \u00d6zellikle adalar\u0131n bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te silahland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 sadece T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den gelecek olas\u0131 tehditlerle a\u00e7\u0131klanamaz ve daha \u00e7ok Karadeniz, Ege ve Akdeniz\u2019e y\u00f6nelik kontrol ve egemenlik hedefli ABD-NATO politikalar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015faret etmektedir.<\/p>\n

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T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin sar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018yeni normaller\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu Ankara y\u00f6netiminin adalar, Do\u011fu Akdeniz ve ekonomik m\u00fcnhas\u0131r b\u00f6lge sorununu \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131n\u0131n temel nedenlerinden biri de tam da bu y\u00f6nde at\u0131lan ad\u0131mlard\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle Suriye sorununda K\u00fcrt g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilemezli\u011fini ve Rusya ile rekabette yedeklenmesinin \u00f6neminin ortada oldu\u011funu \u00f6ng\u00f6ren ABD politikalar\u0131n\u0131n tersine, T\u00fcrkiye, bu sorunu \u201ck\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7izgisi<\/em>\u201d olarak de\u011ferlendirmektedir. ABD ve NATO ile olan ili\u015fkilerinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ayaklar\u0131na dolanan \u201cK\u00fcrt<\/em>\u201d sorunu Erdo\u011fan y\u00f6netiminin manevra olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 daraltmakla kalm\u0131yor, \u00fcstelik bu politikada \u0131srar ettik\u00e7e b\u00f6lgede olu\u015fan di\u011fer gerici ittifaklarla sorunlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz oluyor. \u0130\u00e7 politikaya malzeme etme d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir \u00e7\u0131kar elde edemeyen Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n son zamanlarda \u201cyeni normalleri<\/em>\u201d g\u00fcndeme getirmesi ve Esad ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme iste\u011fi, \u0130srail ve BAE ile ili\u015fkileri yeniden d\u00fczenleme \u00e7abalar\u0131, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a \u201czeytin dal\u0131<\/em>\u201d uzatmas\u0131n\u0131n vb. nedeni budur.<\/p>\n

Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n Balkanlarda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n ve oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rol\u00fcn \u201cAvrupa\u2019n\u0131n \u015f\u0131mar\u0131k \u00e7ocu\u011fu<\/em>\u201d olmas\u0131ndan de\u011fil yay\u0131lmac\u0131 politikalar\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek gerekir. \u00d6zellikle 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda Yunan tekelleri ve kamu kurulu\u015flar\u0131 Balkanlarda telekom\u00fcnikasyon, sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri, petrol, in\u015faat, ileti\u015fim, in\u015faat malzemeleri, g\u0131da ticareti, bankac\u0131l\u0131k, mensucat, \u00e7imento, muhasebe gibi sekt\u00f6rlerde ciddi yat\u0131r\u0131mlara y\u00f6neldiler. \u00d6rne\u011fin 2016 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Yunanistan ve Yunan kapitalistler Makedonya\u2019ya yap\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131mlarda d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131radayken, Syriza H\u00fck\u00fcmeti d\u00f6neminde imzalanan \u201cPrespon\u201d anla\u015fmas\u0131ndan sonra, Almanya ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019den sonraki \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7 oldular. \u00a0Arnavutluk\u2019ta yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 26-28\u2019i Yunanistan sermayesine ait. Ayn\u0131 do\u011frultuda, Slovenya, Bulgaristan, Romanya, Yugoslavya gibi \u00fclkelere de milyarlarca dolarl\u0131k yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131ld\u0131. Son y\u0131llarda Ukrayna ve M\u0131s\u0131r gibi \u00fclkelere de yat\u0131r\u0131mlar yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 biliniyor.<\/p>\n

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K\u0131ta sahanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunu<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye-Yunanistan ili\u015fkilerinde en \u00e7ok s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen sorunlardan biri de k\u0131ta sahanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunudur. Her iki \u00fclkenin s\u0131k s\u0131k at\u0131fta bulundu\u011fu uluslararas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler, iki \u00fclke y\u00f6netimi taraf\u0131ndan da kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na nas\u0131l hizmet ediyorsa \u00f6yle yorumlanmakta ve kar\u015f\u0131 tarafa dikte edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ege sorunu halklar\u0131n ortak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131 temelinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmedik\u00e7e iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda gerginlik nedeni olmaya devam edecektir. Yunan tezleri Ege\u2019yi bir Yunan denizi durumuna getirirken, T\u00fcrk tezleri adalar \u00fczerinde hak iddia etmeye ve deniz s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mamaya kadar var\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Emperyalist kapitalist sistem i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lan uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler yay\u0131lmac\u0131l\u0131\u011fa, halklar\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclmesine ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla egemenlik kurmaya me\u015fruluk kazand\u0131rmak veya bu ama\u00e7 etraf\u0131nda bir uzla\u015fma yaratmak i\u00e7in g\u00fcndeme getirilmi\u015f anla\u015fmalard\u0131r. Anla\u015fmalar\u0131n taraf olanlar taraf\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 yorumlanmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni, \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, tatmin edici pay\u0131n al\u0131namamas\u0131 ya da \u015fartlar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla g\u00fcndeme gelen talep farkl\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z b\u00f6lgede payla\u015f\u0131m kavgalar\u0131n\u0131n artm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, do\u011fal zenginliklerin i\u015flenmesinin g\u00fcndeme gelmesi, enerji hatlar\u0131 ve projeleri emperyalist kapitalist rekabeti sertle\u015ftirmi\u015f bulunuyor. Bu nedenle uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fmalar, daha \u00e7ok k\u0131l\u0131f uydurma ve gerek\u00e7e yaratman\u0131n bir arac\u0131 olma d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir i\u015fe yaramamaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fgal ve m\u00fcdahalelerin bir\u00e7o\u011funun uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fmalara at\u0131fta bulunularak yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da yok say\u0131larak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildikleri bilinen bir ger\u00e7ektir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye-Yunanistan ili\u015fkilerinde s\u0131k\u00e7a s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen k\u0131ta sahanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunu nedir?<\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 Adalet Divan\u0131, 1969 y\u0131l\u0131nda k\u0131ta sahanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kavram\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201cK\u0131y\u0131 devleti \u00fclkesinin a\u00e7\u0131k deniz alt\u0131ndaki egemenli\u011fini ifade eder<\/em>\u201d dedi. K\u0131sacas\u0131 k\u0131ta sahanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kavram\u0131 bir \u00fclkenin hava, deniz ve deniz dibindeki s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 ve egemenlik haklar\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmek \u00fczere kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bir \u00fclkenin denize yay\u0131lan karasular\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0geni\u015fli\u011fi ne kadar ise hava sahas\u0131n\u0131n da o kadar oldu\u011funu teyit etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bu durumda, s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde karasular\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fli\u011fi nas\u0131l ve hangi kriterlere g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir? Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Uluslararas\u0131 Deniz Hukuku S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinde \u015fu ifadeler yer almaktad\u0131r: \u201cHer devlet karasular\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fli\u011fini belirleme hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Bu geni\u015flik k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridinden ba\u015flar ve 12 deniz mili \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kamaz.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

Tabii ki bu durum da gene \u015fartlara ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f bulunuyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin k\u00f6rfez, kapal\u0131 ya da yar\u0131 kapal\u0131 deniz ya da bo\u011fazlar vb. durumunda, herhangi bir \u00fclkenin karasular\u0131, kom\u015fu \u00fclkenin haklar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131p yok saymayacak bir tarzda belirlenmek\u00a0zorundad\u0131r. Yunanistan ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin taraf oldu\u011fu anla\u015fmalar\u0131n ise, d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan uzla\u015fmayla imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 o zamanki egemen g\u00fc\u00e7ler aras\u0131ndaki dengenin ve konjonkt\u00fcrel \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n baz al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek gerekir.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada denize k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 olan \u00fclkelerin m\u00fcnhas\u0131r ekonomik b\u00f6lge ilan etmeleri durumunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak olan tablo, k\u0131y\u0131 \u00fclkelerinin b\u00fct\u00fcn denizlerin y\u00fczde 35.8\u2019ini kontrolleri alt\u0131na alacak olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131lan alanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 90\u2019\u0131n\u0131n, denizlerde bilinen do\u011fal kaynaklara sahip alanlar\u0131n ise y\u00fczde 87\u2019sinin kapitalistlerin m\u00fclk\u00fc haline gelmesi demektir. Bu durumda denizler \u00fczerindeki anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar basit s\u0131n\u0131r anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 de\u011fil, payla\u015f\u0131m kavgas\u0131n\u0131n unsurlar\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r. \u201cMavi vatan<\/em>\u201d ya da \u201cFloros <\/em>Doktrini<\/em>\u201d vb. arg\u00fcmanlar asl\u0131nda tekelci \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n, pazar kavgalar\u0131n\u0131n, yay\u0131lmac\u0131 ve payla\u015f\u0131m politikalar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131l\u0131flar\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131ta sahanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n BM karar\u0131yla nas\u0131l i\u011fdi\u015f edildikleri, ulusal egemenliklerin nas\u0131l rafa kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 biliniyor.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

12 mil sorunu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yunanistan, 1936\u2019dan bu yana b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feritlerinde\u00a0karasular\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fli\u011fini 6 mil olarak kararla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Ege\u2019de\u00a0bulunan bug\u00fcnk\u00fc karasular\u0131 da gene bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcdedir. Ama T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Karadeniz\u2019de (SSCB ile yap\u0131lan anla\u015fma gere\u011fi) ve Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019de\u00a0karasular\u0131 12 mildir. \u0130yon Denizi\u2019nde ise Yunanistan \u00e7ok yak\u0131n bir s\u00fcre\u00e7te\u00a0karasular\u0131n\u0131 12 mile \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyada benzeri durumlar\u0131n oldu\u011fu ba\u015fka b\u00f6lge ve \u00fclkeler de var. \u00d6rne\u011fin Japonya\u2019n\u0131n Rusya ve Kore ile olan deniz ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131. (Bu \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda d\u00f6rt bo\u011faz\u0131n bulundu\u011funu belirtmek gerekir.) Bu \u00f6rnekte karasular\u0131, adalar aras\u0131ndaki mesafeyi de\u00a0kapsayacak bi\u00e7imde \u00fc\u00e7 deniz mili olarak tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Bir ba\u015fka \u00f6rnek ise, Finlandiya K\u00f6rfezidir. \u00d6nceleri SSCB ve \u015fimdi Rusya ve\u00a0Estonya ile yap\u0131lan anla\u015fmada Finlandiya karasular\u0131n\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 mil olarak belirlemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019de ise Erdo\u011fan, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131ndan taviz verilmeyece\u011finden bahsederken, Yunanistan H\u00fck\u00fcmeti, Yunanistan karasular\u0131n\u0131n AB karasular\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131klamalar yaparak, k\u0131ta sahanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 12 mile \u00e7\u0131karma tehditleri savuruyor.\u00a0Mevcut durumda Ege Denizi\u2019nin y\u00fczde 43,5\u2019i Yunanistan\u2019a, y\u00fczde 7,5\u2019i T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ait. Y\u00fczde 49\u2019u ise uluslararas\u0131 karasular olarak kabul ediliyor. Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n karasular\u0131n\u0131 12 mile \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 durumunda Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n karasular\u0131 y\u00fczde 71,5, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin y\u00fczde 8,8 olacak. Uluslararas\u0131 karasular ise 19,7.<\/p>\n

Bir ba\u015fka anlat\u0131m tarz\u0131yla; Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n karasular\u0131n\u0131 12 mile \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131yla \u015fu andaki 132 bin kilometre kare olan deniz alan\u0131 495 bin kilometreye \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r. Ancak Ege\u2019nin co\u011frafik konumu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda, karasular\u0131n\u0131n 12 mile (37 km) \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. B\u00fct\u00fcn sorun, 200 deniz mili hakk\u0131 tan\u0131yan ekonomik m\u00fcnhas\u0131r b\u00f6lge ilan\u0131yla ilgilidir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye ve Yunanistan aras\u0131nda 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llara kadar k\u0131ta sahanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi bir sorun bug\u00fcnk\u00fc boyutlar\u0131yla ya da bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6nemiyle g\u00fcndeme gelmemi\u015fti. Bu konuda Yunanistan taraf\u0131ndan iki \u00f6nemli giri\u015fim tek tarafl\u0131 olarak g\u00fcndeme getirildi\u011finde, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc anlamda hen\u00fcz uluslararas\u0131 bir deniz hukuku da yoktu. Yunanistan, 1931 y\u0131l\u0131nda hava sahas\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fli\u011fini 3 milden 10 mile \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu. Bu tutum,\u00a0deniz k\u0131ta sahanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclere g\u00f6re geni\u015fletildi\u011fi anlam\u0131na geliyordu. Ancak bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te hen\u00fcz benzeri \u00f6rneklerin bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede g\u00fcndeme getirilmemi\u015f oldu\u011funu belirtmek gerekir.<\/p>\n

1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise Yunanistan ikinci \u00f6nemli giri\u015fimini yaparak, tek tarafl\u0131 olarak k\u0131ta sahanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 6 mile \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu.<\/p>\n

Bu karar, hava sahas\u0131 ile deniz sahanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 birbirinden farkl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131ran \u00e7eli\u015fkili bir durum ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yordu. T\u00fcrkiye ve Yunanistan aras\u0131nda bitip t\u00fckenmek bilmeyen hava sahas\u0131 ihlalleri ve deniz s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 konusunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan anla\u015fmazl\u0131k ve iddialar bu paradokstan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Yunanistan hava sahas\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini s\u00f6ylerken, T\u00fcrkiye Yunanistan hava sahas\u0131n\u0131n 10 mil olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrmekte ve kendi hava sahas\u0131 i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lan u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131n asl\u0131nda Yunanistan taraf\u0131ndan engellendi\u011fini g\u00fcndeme getirmektedir. Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan kay\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak milliyet\u00e7i-gerici propagandalara zemin haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor ve gerginlikler t\u0131rmand\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

M\u00fcnhas\u0131r ekonomik b\u00f6lge <\/strong><\/p>\n

BM Deniz Hukuku S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin m\u00fcnhas\u0131r ekonomik b\u00f6lge tan\u0131m\u0131, k\u0131ta sahanl\u0131klar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, k\u0131ta sahanl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6tesindeki deniz y\u00fczeylerinin ve alt\u0131n\u0131n daha \u00e7ok ,ekonomik kullan\u0131m\u0131na y\u00f6nelik haklar\u0131 ifade ediyor.<\/p>\n

Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n M\u0131s\u0131r ve K\u0131br\u0131s Cumhuriyeti\u2019yle imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130srail taraf\u0131ndan da desteklenen m\u00fcnhas\u0131r ekonomik b\u00f6lge anla\u015fmas\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nm\u0131yor. T\u00fcrkiye adalar\u0131n m\u00fcnhas\u0131r b\u00f6lgesinin olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bunun ancak anakaralar g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak ilan edilebilece\u011fini savunurken, Yunanistan adalar\u0131n \u00fclke s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu savunuyor ve T\u00fcrk tezlerinin temelsiz oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. A\u00e7\u0131k ki, m\u00fcnhas\u0131r b\u00f6lge sorunu, Akdeniz\u2019de enerji kaynaklar\u0131 ve hatlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nem kazanmas\u0131 nedeniyle g\u00fcndeme gelmektedir. Olanaklar\u0131n geli\u015fmesi, enerji ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, deniz ve okyanuslar\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131m kavgalar\u0131 vb. dolay\u0131s\u0131yla do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nem kazanmas\u0131, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6lgesinde sorun olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Pasifik\u2019teki emperyalist payla\u015f\u0131m, \u00c7in-Japonya ili\u015fkilerinde adalar dolay\u0131s\u0131yla g\u00fcndeme gelen gerginlikler, Kuzey Kore-ABD ili\u015fkileri vb. bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi ortaya koyan \u00f6rneklerdir. \u00c7in\u2019in, G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi\u2019nde k\u0131ta sahanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 12 mile \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 ve m\u00fcnhas\u0131r ekonomik b\u00f6lgesini geni\u015fletmesi, Vietnam ve Filipinler\u2019le s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmelere yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f bulunuyor. Paracel ad\u0131 verilen ve \u00fczerinde ya\u015fam olmayan adalar, do\u011fal gaz rezervleri ve stratejik \u00f6nemleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00c7in, Vietnam ve Tayvan aras\u0131nda sorun olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7at\u0131\u015fma alanlar\u0131ndan biri de K\u0131z\u0131l Deniz\u2019dir. ABD, \u0130ngiltere, Rusya, Fransa ve \u00c7in K\u0131z\u0131l Denizle k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 olan \u00fclkelerde ya \u00fcs kurmu\u015f ya da var olanlar\u0131 daha da g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmi\u015f bulunuyorlar. K\u0131z\u0131l Deniz, Akdeniz\u2019le, Hint Okyanusunu birbirine ba\u011flayan, Afrika ve Asya k\u0131talar\u0131n\u0131 ise birbirinden ay\u0131ran olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli bir co\u011frafya par\u00e7as\u0131 durumundad\u0131r. B\u00f6lge bir\u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6nemlidir ve k\u0131y\u0131 sahibi \u00fclkeler deniz haklar\u0131 konusunda uzun y\u0131llardan beri devam eden ciddi sorunlar ya\u015f\u0131yorlar. \u00d6ncelikle AB enerji alan\u0131nda Rusya\u2019ya olan ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131ktan kurtulmak ve EASTMED ad\u0131 verilen denizalt\u0131 enerji projesiyle \u0130talya ve Yunanistan \u00fczerinden M\u0131s\u0131r, \u0130srail ve K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019a ba\u011flanmak istiyor.<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131daki \u00f6rneklerden de anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi bire bir ayn\u0131 olmasa da, m\u00fcnhas\u0131r b\u00f6lge sorunlar\u0131 sadece do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019de ya\u015fanmamaktad\u0131r ve sadece T\u00fcrk-Yunan ili\u015fkilerine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir sorun de\u011fildir. Gelecekte bu sorun yeni rekabet ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara neden olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019de m\u00fcnhas\u0131r ekonomik b\u00f6lge ilan\u0131yla birlikte uluslararas\u0131 tekellerin b\u00f6lgeye \u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcklerini belirtmek gerekir. \u00a0Amerikan petrol tekeli ExxonMobil, Frans\u0131z tekeli Total, \u0130talyan tekeli ENI, Rusya tekeli Gazprom ve Rosnef, Hollanda tekeli Shell, \u0130ngiliz tekeli BP ve \u0130spanyol tekeli Repsoil Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019deki payla\u015f\u0131ma aktif olarak kat\u0131lan tekellerdir. Bu \u00fclkelerin Do\u011fu Akdeniz sorununda taraf olduklar\u0131 ve sava\u015f gemileri g\u00f6ndererek b\u00f6lge \u00fclkelerinin de i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tatbikatlar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikleri biliniyor.<\/p>\n

Girit adas\u0131n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131 ve g\u00fcneybat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan m\u00fcnhas\u0131r b\u00f6lge k\u0131rk bin kilometre geni\u015fli\u011finde bir alan\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6lgedeki aramalar\u0131n Amerikan enerji tekeli ExxonMobil ve Yunan Hellenik Energy taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 biliniyor. Arama haklar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 70\u2019i arama gemisi Sanco Swift\u2019in de sahibi olan ABD tekeline, y\u00fczde 30\u2019u Yunanistan tekeline ait. Aramalar\u0131n 2023 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonuna kadar devam edece\u011fi s\u00f6ylenirken, rastlanan devasa b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki enerji yataklar\u0131na ilk sondaj\u0131n 2025 y\u0131l\u0131nda vurulaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131.<\/p>\n

NATO\u2019nun geni\u015flemesi ve Rusya\u2019n\u0131n abluka alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 planlar\u0131, alternatif aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve enerji hatlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini daha da art\u0131rd\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin do\u011fu Akdeniz politikalar\u0131nda tutumunu sertle\u015ftirmesinin ve \u201cMavi Vatan<\/em>\u201d s\u00f6ylemlerine a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k vermesinin nedenlerinden biri de budur. Ama\u00e7 vatan\u0131n \u201chakk\u0131n\u0131 ve hukukunu<\/em>\u201d savunmak de\u011fil, ama pastadan pay alamama korkusudur. Hak-hukuk terimlerini kullananlar\u0131n ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etmeleri, asker bulundurmalar\u0131, bombalamalar\u0131, operasyonlar yapmalar\u0131 ve \u00fclkelerin i\u00e7i\u015flerine m\u00fcdahale etmelerinin ba\u015fka bir a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yoktur.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

M\u00fcnhas\u0131r b\u00f6lge ilanlar\u0131<\/strong> emperyalist m\u00fcdahaleye kap\u0131 aral\u0131yor<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye ve Yunanistan egemen s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 bir yandan s\u0131rtlar\u0131n\u0131 emperyalist \u00fclkelere ve ittifaklara dayar, di\u011fer yandan b\u00f6lgedeki emperyalist rekabetlerden yararlanarak durumu kendi yararlar\u0131na \u00e7evirme \u00fczerine yat\u0131r\u0131m yaparlarken emperyalizme daha \u00e7ok ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 ve emperyalist politikalar\u0131n daha kopmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelmektedirler.<\/p>\n

Yunanistan H\u00fck\u00fcmeti her f\u0131rsatta bir yandan \u0131srarla s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n AB s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 oldu\u011funu savunurken, bir yandan da NATO stratejilerine ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getiriyor. \u0130srail\u2019e yana\u015fmas\u0131, M\u0131s\u0131r ile m\u00fcnhas\u0131r b\u00f6lge anla\u015fmas\u0131 yapmas\u0131, AB politikalar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6lgedeki kararl\u0131 savunucu olmas\u0131, uluslararas\u0131 tekellerin s\u00f6zc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne soyunmas\u0131 durumunda g\u00f6r\u00fcnen budur. Di\u011fer yandan Akdeniz gerginli\u011finin artmas\u0131yla birlikte Yunan H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin milyarlarca dolarl\u0131k silah sat\u0131n almay\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha da peki\u015ftiren bir etken olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de ayn\u0131 yolda oldu\u011fu ve hatta b\u00f6lgede \u201coyun kuruculu\u011fa<\/em>\u201d soyundu\u011fu ve yay\u0131lmac\u0131 politikalar izledi\u011fi ortadad\u0131r. B\u00f6lge halklar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik tehditler, m\u00fcdahaleler, anla\u015fmalar ve silah sanayisine y\u00f6nelik yat\u0131r\u0131mlar, devasa b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki bir b\u00fct\u00e7enin bu alana kayd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. \u201cUlusal \u00e7\u0131karlar<\/em>\u201d gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6sterilerek silahlanma yar\u0131\u015f\u0131na girilmesinin faturas\u0131 halka kesilmektedir. Akdeniz, Ege ve K\u0131br\u0131s sorunu nedeniyle Yunanistan ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak dozu art\u0131r\u0131lan gerici-milliyet\u00e7i propagandalar da sorunun bir ba\u015fka yan\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer yandan Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019de olu\u015fan gerginlik ve m\u00fcnhas\u0131r b\u00f6lge ilanlar\u0131 K\u0131br\u0131s sorununu iyice \u00e7\u0131kmaza s\u00fcr\u00fcklemektedir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kal\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm ama\u00e7lanm\u0131yor<\/strong><\/p>\n

Her iki \u00fclke y\u00f6netimi de son s\u00fcre\u00e7te diplomasi dilini bile kullanmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131yor ve daha \u00e7ok \u201ckafa tutan<\/em>\u201d, \u201cboyun e\u011fmeyen<\/em>\u201d bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc olu\u015fturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Ku\u015fkusuz bundaki ama\u00e7, gerici milliyet\u00e7i tutumlarla ezilen emek\u00e7i halklar\u0131n yedeklenmesidir. \u00d6ncelikle her iki \u00fclke y\u00f6netimi anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n ne oldu\u011fu \u00fczerinde bile anla\u015fm\u0131\u015f de\u011fil. Her iki \u00fclke y\u00f6netiminin kal\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmden yana olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek bile gereksiz. Bunun temel nedeni de ekonomik ve politik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kal\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm ancak Ege\u2019nin her iki yakas\u0131ndaki halklar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karlar temelinde karde\u015flik ve dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu ise, ancak emperyalist ittifaklara s\u0131rt d\u00f6n\u00fclmesi, t\u00fcm emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7ler ve yabanc\u0131 tekellerin b\u00f6lgeden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00fcslerin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve silahlanmaya son verilmesi ile olanakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Bkz. https:\/\/www.mfa.gr\/zitimata-ellinotourkikon-sheseon\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Seyit Aldo\u011fan   Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ve hemen arkas\u0131ndan ya\u015fanan m\u00fcbadele y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 bir kenara b\u0131rak\u0131rsak, T\u00fcrkiye Yunanistan ili\u015fkileri; 1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda ve daha \u00e7ok da 1974\u2019te K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019a yap\u0131lan askeri \u00e7\u0131karmadan sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde, siyasi dengelere ve konjonkt\u00fcre ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bazen yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak bazen de ihtiya\u00e7 halinde g\u00fcndeme getirilerek tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. H\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin sava\u015f nedeni anlam\u0131na gelen \u201ccasus belli\u201d ilanlar\u0131yla art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerginlikler, son iki y\u0131ld\u0131r kamuoyu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3457,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[568,369,281],"tags":[584,585,586,457],"class_list":["post-3456","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-59-sayi-bahar-2023","category-dis-politika","category-seyit-aldogan","tag-yunanistan","tag-12-mil","tag-kita-sahanligi","tag-turkiye"],"yoast_head":"\nT\u00dcRK\u0130YE-YUNAN\u0130STAN \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130LER\u0130: EZEL\u0130 D\u00dc\u015eMANLIK MI TEKELC\u0130 \u00c7IKARLAR VE YAYILMACILIK MI?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2023\/05\/26\/turkiye-yunanistan-iliskileri-ezeli-dusmanlik-mi-tekelci-cikarlar-ve-yayilmacilik-mi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"en_EN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u00dcRK\u0130YE-YUNAN\u0130STAN \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130LER\u0130: EZEL\u0130 D\u00dc\u015eMANLIK MI TEKELC\u0130 \u00c7IKARLAR VE YAYILMACILIK MI?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Seyit Aldo\u011fan   Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ve hemen arkas\u0131ndan ya\u015fanan m\u00fcbadele y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 bir kenara b\u0131rak\u0131rsak, T\u00fcrkiye Yunanistan ili\u015fkileri; 1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda ve daha \u00e7ok da 1974\u2019te K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019a yap\u0131lan askeri \u00e7\u0131karmadan sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde, siyasi dengelere ve konjonkt\u00fcre ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bazen yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak bazen de ihtiya\u00e7 halinde g\u00fcndeme getirilerek tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. 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