{"id":3445,"date":"2023-05-26T23:23:06","date_gmt":"2023-05-26T20:23:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/?p=3445"},"modified":"2023-05-27T00:42:15","modified_gmt":"2023-05-26T21:42:15","slug":"secimlere-giderken-tek-adam-rejiminin-isci-sicili","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2023\/05\/26\/secimlere-giderken-tek-adam-rejiminin-isci-sicili\/","title":{"rendered":"SE\u00c7\u0130MLERE G\u0130DERKEN \u2018TEK ADAM REJ\u0130M\u0130\u2019N\u0130N \u0130\u015e\u00c7\u0130 S\u0130C\u0130L\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

Seyfi Sel\u00e7uk<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye yeni bir se\u00e7im sath\u0131 mailine girmi\u015f bulunuyor. Fakat bu se\u00e7imin \u00f6ncellerine g\u00f6re ay\u0131rt edici \u00f6zelli\u011fi \u201ctek partili sistem<\/em>\u201dden \u201c\u00e7ok partili sistem<\/em>\u201de ge\u00e7i\u015f yap\u0131lan 1946 se\u00e7imleri sonras\u0131 Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminin en kritik se\u00e7imi olmas\u0131. \u00d6yle ki, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak sonuca ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, ya 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda devreye giren \u201ctek adam y\u00f6netimi<\/em>\u201d ceberut, antidemokratik gerici bir burjuva diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden ad\u0131m ad\u0131m ilerledi\u011fi \u201cfa\u015fist diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck<\/em>\u201de d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmek \u00fczere \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir merhaleyi daha geride b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r; ya da tersi. Yani, \u201ctek adam y\u00f6netimi<\/em>\u201dnin tasfiye edilmesi i\u00e7in bir kap\u0131 aralanacak, burjuva \u00e7er\u00e7evede kalsa da \u201cdemokratikle\u015fme<\/em>\u201dye belli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde alan a\u00e7\u0131lacakt\u0131r. \u00dclkenin gelece\u011finin do\u011frudan etkilenece\u011fi b\u00f6yle bir denklemden hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkusuz en fazla etkilenecek kesimlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda \u201cdemokrasi<\/em>\u201dye en fazla ihtiya\u00e7 duyan i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 gelmektedir.<\/p>\n

2008 d\u00fcnya ekonomik krizinden itibaren i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131 ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc daha da artm\u0131\u015f; \u201ctek adam y\u00f6netimi<\/em>\u201dne ge\u00e7i\u015f, 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda patlak veren ekonomik kriz ve pandemi ko\u015fullar\u0131 bunu katmerlendirmi\u015ftir. Artan hayat pahal\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, reel al\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015fmesi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fmas\u0131, derinle\u015fen yoksulla\u015fma i\u015f\u00e7iler ve emek\u00e7iler i\u00e7in katlan\u0131lamaz boyuta ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu y\u00fczden gerek ya\u015fanan bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 ve gerekse 20 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir iktidar olman\u0131n beraberinde getirdi\u011fi y\u0131pranm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndan bu kez AKP ve Erdo\u011fan\u2019a (Cumhur ittifak\u0131na) \u00f6nceki se\u00e7imlerdeki d\u00fczeyde oy gelmeyece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Fakat bunun ne boyutta olaca\u011f\u0131 hen\u00fcz muammad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bilin\u00e7 ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme d\u00fczeyi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcnen odur ki, i\u015f\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda \u2013ya\u015fanan s\u00fcrecin kendili\u011finden \u201cgetirdikleri<\/em>\u201dnin \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7erek\u2013 AKP, Erdo\u011fan ve \u201cCumhur ittifak\u0131<\/em>\u201dn\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131f temelini g\u00f6rebilecek \u00f6l\u00e7ekte bir bilin\u00e7 (s\u0131n\u0131f bilinci) hen\u00fcz yeterince olu\u015fmu\u015f de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

2002 se\u00e7iminden ba\u015flayarak emek\u00e7ilerin AKP ve Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck oy dev\u015firdi\u011fi ba\u015fl\u0131ca kitle oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. Se\u00e7im sonucu i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 etkiledi\u011fi kadar i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tutum da se\u00e7im sonucunu etkilemektedir; hem de belirleyici d\u00fczeyde. Bu y\u00fczden bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kritik bir se\u00e7imde i\u015f\u00e7ilerin alaca\u011f\u0131 tutum hayati bir \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

AKP\u2019nin kurulu\u015fu ve s\u0131n\u0131fsal konumlan\u0131\u015f\u0131 <\/strong><\/p>\n

AKP 2001 ekonomik krizi sonucu siyasal sistemin merkez partilerinin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc \u00fczerine uluslararas\u0131 mali sermaye ve i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i tekelci burjuvazi eliyle \u201ciktidar bloku<\/em>\u201d olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f bir siyasal odakt\u0131r. Kitle dayana\u011f\u0131 k\u0131r ve kentin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuvazisi ve orta burjuvazi (Anadolu kaplanlar\u0131\/KOB\u0130\u2019ler) olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, ilk andan itibaren tekelci burjuvazinin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 esas alan bir parti olmu\u015ftur. Ger\u00e7ek buyken AKP t\u00fcm toplum kesimlerini kucaklayan bir parti oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f; fakat bunu di\u011fer d\u00fczen partileriyle k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7ok daha \u201cikna edici<\/em>\u201d bi\u00e7imde s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte bir siyasal partinin \u2013en ba\u015fta temsilcisi oldu\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131f olmak \u00fczere\u2013 toplumsal s\u0131n\u0131f ve tabakalarla olan ili\u015fkisi en \u00f6zl\u00fc ifadesini demagojik s\u00f6ylemlerde de\u011fil, \u201cparti program\u0131<\/em>\u201dnda bulur. Kongre, konferans belgeleri, se\u00e7im bildirgeleri gibi temel materyaller de bu konuda \u00f6nemli ip u\u00e7lar\u0131 sunar.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede modern burjuva kapitalist toplumu olu\u015fturan iki ana s\u0131n\u0131f (burjuvazi ve proletarya) a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan AKP program\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda tablo \u00f6zetle \u015fudur: Onlarca b\u00f6l\u00fcm, y\u00fczlerce madde i\u00e7inde i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131na olan tek somut madde \u201c\u00d6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131lacak, sendikala\u015fma te\u015fvik edilecek, kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin grevli ve toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli sendikal haklar ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere kavu\u015fturulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gereken mevzuat de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecektir<\/em>\u201d maddesidir. Programda bir de \u201c\u0130\u015fsizli\u011fi azaltmak, hayat pahal\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek ve gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda adaleti sa\u011flamak<\/em>\u201dtan s\u00f6z eden bir madde var. Fakat ayn\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde yer alan \u201c\u0130\u015f g\u00fcvencesi, i\u015f\u00e7i ve i\u015fverenleri ma\u011fdur etmeyecek \u015fekilde hayata ge\u00e7irilecek ve i\u015fsizlik sigortas\u0131 uygulamas\u0131 geli\u015ftirilecektir<\/em>\u201d c\u00fcmlesi, ger\u00e7ekte bu maddenin patronlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 perdelemek i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilen bir form\u00fclasyon oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

Sermaye ve burjuvaziye gelince, program tamamen onlar i\u00e7indir:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u00d6zelle\u015ftirmeyi daha rasyonel bir ekonomik yap\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir ara\u00e7 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cTe\u015febb\u00fcs \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirerek, \u00f6zel te\u015febb\u00fcse hamle yapt\u0131racak siyasi, b\u00fcrokratik ve anlay\u0131\u015f de\u011fi\u015fimini sa\u011flamak.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0130\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc maliyetini azalt\u0131c\u0131 ve istihdam\u0131 te\u015fvik edici yasal d\u00fczenlemeler h\u0131zla tamamlanacakt\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c\u00d6zel sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00fcretim ve rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in istihdam maliyetlerini azaltacakt\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cT\u00fcm kurum ve kurallar\u0131yla i\u015fleyen piyasa ekonomisinden yanad\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cDevletin ilke olarak her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ekonomik faaliyetin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini benimser.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cEkonomi politikalar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesine ve uygulanmas\u0131na, ba\u015fta ticaret ve sanayi odalar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere, ekonomiyle ilgili t\u00fcm sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

Bunlar, \u201cAKP Program\u0131<\/em>\u201dndan se\u00e7ti\u011fimiz baz\u0131 maddeler. Yoksa finans sisteminden vergi sistemine, ihale yasas\u0131ndan tar\u0131msal alanda yap\u0131lacak d\u00fczenlemelere, yabanc\u0131 sermayeye sa\u011flanacak kolayl\u0131klardan sermayeye sa\u011flanacak te\u015fviklere varana dek mevcut sistemin sermayenin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 program\u0131n ruhunu ve \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturuyor. K\u0131saca ifade etmek gerekirse, AKP ba\u015ftan sona \u201crafine bir sermaye program\u0131<\/em>\u201dn\u0131 ilke edinerek ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f bir partidir.<\/p>\n

Peki, bu program d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda AKP emek\u00e7i y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p oylar\u0131na talip oldu\u011fu Kas\u0131m 2002 se\u00e7imlerinde i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilere ne s\u00f6ylemi\u015f, ne vaat etmi\u015ftir? AKP\u2019nin 2002 \u201cSe\u00e7im Bildirgesi<\/em>\u201dnde de i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7iler i\u00e7in demagojik d\u00fczeyde olsun vaat olarak somut bir \u015fey bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Somut vaatler t\u00fcm\u00fcyle sermayeye y\u00f6neliktir. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmeleri ve \u201cesnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma<\/em>\u201dn\u0131n yasal altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcratle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 var. T\u0131pk\u0131 parti program\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, sermayenin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131yla talepleri, bildirgenin her paragraf\u0131na sinmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0130ktidardaki AKP <\/strong><\/p>\n

AKP, antidemokratik se\u00e7im sisteminin de yard\u0131m\u0131yla %34,3 oran\u0131nda oy almas\u0131na ra\u011fmen mecliste %66 oran\u0131nda bir temsiliyeti ele ge\u00e7irerek iktidar oldu. Ve mecliste sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fa dayanarak h\u0131zla program\u0131n\u0131 hayata ge\u00e7irmeye y\u00f6neldi. AKP\u2019nin amac\u0131 \u00fclkeyi sermaye i\u00e7in dikensiz bir g\u00fcl bah\u00e7esine \u00e7evirmekti. Kabul etmek gerekir ki, gelinen yerde bunu \u00f6nemli oranda ba\u015fard\u0131. Bunun sonucunda bug\u00fcn i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 mutlak anlamda bir yoksulla\u015fman\u0131n pen\u00e7esine d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 son derece a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler \u00f6rg\u00fcts\u00fczl\u00fck ve g\u00fcvencesizli\u011fin h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeninin i\u00e7ine itilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

AKP d\u00f6neminde \u0130\u015f Kanunu, Sendikalar ve Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi Kanunu, Sosyal Sigortalar ve Genel Sa\u011fl\u0131k Sigortas\u0131 Kanunu, \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Kanunu gibi i\u015f\u00e7ileri ilgilendiren \u0130\u015f ve Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Hukuku\u2019nun temel kanunlar\u0131 tamamen de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bu de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin ortak \u00f6zelli\u011fi, sermayenin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na uygun d\u00fczenlemeler olmalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

4857 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

2002 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda iktidara geldikten sonra AKP\u2019nin \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 temel yasalardan bir \u201c\u0130\u015f Kanunu<\/em>\u201d oldu. \u0130\u015f Kanunu, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkin bir kurallar b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr ve s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinde i\u015f\u00e7ilerin haklar\u0131n\u0131n asgari s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. 10.06.2003 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 4857 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu, yakla\u015f\u0131k otuz y\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte kalan 1475 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu \u2013k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131na ili\u015fkin 14. maddesi hari\u00e7\u2013 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O d\u00f6nemde ba\u015fta T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f b\u00fcrokrasisi ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere sendika b\u00fcrokratlar\u0131 \u201cK\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7izgimiz, dokundurtmay\u0131z<\/em>\u201d diyerek yalanc\u0131 pehlivan pe\u015frevi \u00e7eke dursun, yeni kanun esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 yasal zemine kavu\u015fturarak, patronlara eme\u011fi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na uygun zaman ve s\u00fcrelerde s\u00f6m\u00fcrme imkan\u0131 tan\u0131yarak, mevcut \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeninin alt\u0131na bombay\u0131 \u00e7oktan koymu\u015ftu. K\u0131sacas\u0131, \u201cde\u011firmeni sel g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrken<\/em>\u201d sendikal b\u00fcrokrasi \u201cg\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc kurtarma<\/em>\u201d pe\u015findeydi.<\/p>\n

Kanunla gelen esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczenlemelerinin ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n

Ta\u015feron d\u00fczenlemesi (Alt \u0130\u015fveren – As\u0131l \u0130\u015fveren): <\/strong>Yasada yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikle as\u0131l i\u015fveren-alt i\u015fveren (ta\u015feronluk) ili\u015fkisi yeniden tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece as\u0131l i\u015fin dahi ta\u015ferona devrinin \u00f6n\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca kamu kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel yasalar\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131 halinde, as\u0131l i\u015f ta\u015ferona devredilebilmektedir. AKP d\u00f6neminde t\u00fcm kamu kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n kurulu\u015f kanunlar\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131larak, as\u0131l i\u015fin alt i\u015fverene devredilmesinin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7an yasal d\u00fczenlemeler getirilmi\u015ftir. Patronlar, i\u015f\u00e7ileri ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde alt i\u015fverenlerde g\u00f6stererek, hem sendikal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeyi engellemek hem de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan say\u0131s\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinden kurtulmak imkan\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7ici i\u015f ili\u015fkisi: <\/strong>Buna g\u00f6re bir patron, \u201cyaz\u0131l\u0131 r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 almak<\/em>\u201d (!) suretiyle bir i\u015f\u00e7iyi; yapmakta oldu\u011fu i\u015fe benzer i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ko\u015fuluyla ba\u015fka bir patrona ge\u00e7ici olarak devredebilmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca yasada 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan yeni bir de\u011fi\u015fiklikle, \u00f6zel istihdam b\u00fcrolar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7ici i\u015f ili\u015fkisinde arac\u0131l\u0131k yapmas\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f, kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik yasal olarak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylelikle, herhangi bir i\u015fyerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc o patronun i\u015f\u00e7isi dahi olmamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zel istihdam b\u00fcrolar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ilerle yapt\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler belirli s\u00fcreli say\u0131lmakta, i\u015f\u00e7inin k\u0131dem\/ihbar tazminat\u0131 talep hakk\u0131 ve i\u015fe iade davas\u0131 a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu i\u015f\u00e7iler i\u015fyerinde \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc sendikaya da \u00fcye olamamaktad\u0131r. K\u0131sacas\u0131 tam bir k\u00f6le pazar\u0131 yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Belirli S\u00fcreli \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi:<\/strong> Belirli s\u00fcreli s\u00f6zle\u015fme istisnai nitelikte olmas\u0131 gerekirken, yasada yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikle belirli s\u00fcreli s\u00f6zle\u015fme bir\u00e7ok halde m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Belirli s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri, i\u015f ili\u015fkisinin sona ermesi halinde i\u015f\u00e7iyi g\u00fcvencesiz b\u0131rak\u0131r. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sona erece\u011fi tarih saptanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fundan ihbar tazminat\u0131na hak kazan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, s\u00fcrenin bitiminde kendili\u011finden sona erme s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fundan k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131na da istisnai durumlar hari\u00e7 hak kazan\u0131lamaz. Ayr\u0131ca, i\u015f g\u00fcvencesine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler de bu s\u00f6zle\u015fme t\u00fcr\u00fc ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara uygulanmaz. Yani patronlara, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u201cistedi\u011fin gibi al, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, \u00e7\u0131kar<\/em>\u201d denmi\u015ftir. Bu y\u00fczden, Belirli S\u00fcreli \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeninde giderek yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma (k\u0131smi s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi): <\/strong>Yasadaki di\u011fer bir esneklik d\u00fczenlemesi, \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iye d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn \u00f6nce haber veren patron i\u015f\u00e7iyi ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu s\u00fcre kadar \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p sonra tekrar evine g\u00f6nderebilir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i her an i\u015fe haz\u0131r beklemek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Fazla \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma (mesai): <\/strong>Fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, en yayg\u0131n uygulama alan\u0131 bulan bir esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczenlemesidir. G\u00fcnde ara dinlenme s\u00fcreleri hari\u00e7 11 saat ve y\u0131lda 270 saatlik fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 fiilen uygulanmamaktad\u0131r. Fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, patronlara, \u00fccretleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck tutma, daha az i\u015f\u00e7i istihdam ederek istedi\u011fi d\u00fczeyde \u00fcretim yapma, bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc ihtiyac\u0131 artt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu ihtiyac\u0131 yeni i\u015f\u00e7iyle de\u011fil fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme imkan\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

2022 y\u0131l\u0131 May\u0131s\u2019\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 Metal fabrikas\u0131nda \u00fccret bordrolar\u0131n\u0131 baz alarak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada ortaya \u015f\u00f6yle bir tablo \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Ayl\u0131k 225 saat normal mesai, 70 saat fazla mesai. 18,5 TL normal saat ba\u015f\u0131 \u00fccret, 27 TL mesai \u00fccreti. Bu durumda i\u015f\u00e7inin eline ge\u00e7en ayl\u0131k toplam para: 6140 TL. Bunun \u00fczerine vergi + SGK maliyetleri eklendi\u011finde, i\u015f\u00e7inin patrona maliyeti 9150 TL\u2019yi buluyor. Ayr\u0131ca g\u00fcnl\u00fck 25 TL (Ayl\u0131k 650 TL) yemek, 750 TL servis, 6 ayda bir verilen ayakkab\u0131 120 TL (Ayl\u0131k 20 TL), 6 ayda bir verilen i\u015f elbisesi 120 TL (Ayl\u0131k 20 TL) eklendi\u011finde, bir i\u015f\u00e7inin patrona maliyeti 10.590 TL\u2019ye y\u00fckseliyor. Y\u0131ll\u0131k izini de maliyet olarak koyunca, bir i\u015f\u00e7inin patrona ayl\u0131k maliyeti toplamda 10.728 TL oluyor. Bir ay\u0131 mesaiyle \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnce ise, toplam 27 x 8 saat x 26 (i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc)= 5616 TL tutuyor. Yani patron i\u015f\u00e7i almay\u0131p, mesaiyle \u00e7\u00f6zd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc her ay i\u00e7in i\u015f\u00e7i ba\u015f\u0131 10.728-5.616= 5112 TL k\u00e2r elde ediyor. Bu imkan sunulduktan sonra hangi patron yeni i\u015f\u00e7i istihdam eder?<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan, \u201cOECD taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan \u2018as\u0131l i\u015flerinde haftada 60 saat ve \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n oran\u0131\u2019 listesinde (..) T\u00fcrkiye y\u00fczde 23,3 ile birinci s\u0131rada yer al\u0131yor. Bu kategorideki OECD ortalamas\u0131 ise y\u00fczde 5,6 olarak belirlenmi\u015f.<\/em>\u201d[1]<\/a> Buna g\u00f6re kaba taslak bir hesaplamayla \u00fclkemizde 5 milyon civar\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7i fazla mesai yapmaktad\u0131r. Haftal\u0131k 60 saati a\u015fan mesai yapt\u0131rmak yerine 2 milyon civar\u0131nda ki\u015fi istihdam edilebilir. Haftal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinin 45\u2019ten 35 saate d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesiyle bu say\u0131 \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yaln\u0131zca bu veriler bile, sermaye ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetin istihdam\u0131 \u00fczerine kesti\u011fi ahkam\u0131n ne kadar sahte oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

Denkle\u015ftirme: <\/strong>Yasada yer alan denkle\u015ftirme d\u00fczenlemesiyle haftal\u0131k en fazla 45 saat olan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinin haftan\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan g\u00fcnlerine 11 saati a\u015fmamak ko\u015fulu ile da\u011f\u0131t\u0131labilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ancak denkle\u015ftirmede g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi 11 saati a\u015famazken, haftal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi 45 saati a\u015fabilmektedir. 2 hafta haftada 60 saat \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan i\u015f\u00e7i, \u015fayet i\u015f azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sebebiyle sonraki 2 hafta 30\u2019ar saat \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rsa, \u00f6nceki iki hafta 60 saat \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in hak etti\u011fi 30 saatlik fazla mesai \u00fccreti bu eksi\u011fi kapatmak (!) \u00fczere patron taraf\u0131ndan mahsup edilmekte, fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan haftalardaki bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma say\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma (fazla mesai) \u00fccreti \u00f6denmesi de s\u00f6z konusu olmamaktad\u0131r. Bu, kusuru olmayan i\u015f\u00e7inin cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f g\u00fcvencesi ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde: <\/strong>Yasada i\u015f\u00e7i lehine getirildi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilecek tek d\u00fczenleme, i\u015f g\u00fcvencesi h\u00fck\u00fcmleridir. Ancak i\u015f g\u00fcvencesi ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerindedir ve yasa lafzi olarak dahi i\u015f g\u00fcvencesi sa\u011flamaktan uzakt\u0131r. \u0130\u015ften at\u0131lan i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fe iade davas\u0131 a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r. Ancak i\u015f\u00e7i davay\u0131 kazansa dahi patron onu i\u015fe ba\u015flatmak zorunda de\u011fildir. 4-8 ayl\u0131k \u00fccreti tutar\u0131nda tazminat \u00f6deyerek i\u015f\u00e7iyi i\u015fe almama hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Hem fiilen i\u015fe almama hakk\u0131 hem de 6 ayl\u0131k k\u0131dem \u015fart\u0131, belirli s\u00fcreli s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n i\u015fe iade davas\u0131 a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131 bulunmamas\u0131 ve 30\u2019dan az i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran i\u015fyerlerinde yasan\u0131n bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmamas\u0131, pratikte g\u00fcvencesiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Sendikalar ve Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi Kanunu <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fam\u0131nda kolektif haklar\u0131n d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi 2821 Say\u0131l\u0131 Sendikalar Kanunu ile 2822 Say\u0131l\u0131 Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, Grev ve Lokavt Kanunu, Sendikalar ve Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi Kanunu ad\u0131 ile tek yasa alt\u0131nda birle\u015ftirildi. 6356 Say\u0131l\u0131 Sendikalar ve Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi Kanunu 7 Kas\u0131m 2012 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi.<\/p>\n

Yasa ile birden \u00e7ok sendikaya \u00fcyelik, noter \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve \u00fcyeli\u011fin e-devlet \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi y\u00f6nleriyle propaganda edilen yasan\u0131n 10. y\u0131l\u0131nda sendikala\u015fma oran\u0131 (T\u00dc\u0130K\u2019in verdi\u011fi rakamla) y\u00fczde 14 d\u00fczeyinde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ek oran, %9\u2019dur. Toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden yararlanma oran\u0131 ise, y\u00fczde 10\u2019un alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fkollar\u0131: <\/strong>Yasa ile 28 olan i\u015fkolu say\u0131s\u0131 20\u2019ye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ancak yard\u0131mc\u0131 i\u015flerden olan veya \u201cteknolojik nedenlerle<\/em>\u201d alt i\u015fverence \u00fcstlenilen i\u015flerde alt i\u015fverenler ayn\u0131 binada, ayn\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde de olsa farkl\u0131 bir i\u015fyeri say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fkollar\u0131 da farkl\u0131 i\u015fkoluna girdi\u011finden, bu yasaya g\u00f6re i\u015fyeri b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc temelinde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir tek sendika \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda sendikal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamaktad\u0131r. Bu, ayn\u0131 zamanda grevleri fiilen etkisizle\u015ftiren bir uygulamad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ve yetki: <\/strong>Yeni yasa ile toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yetkisi i\u00e7in aranan i\u015fkolu baraj\u0131 y\u00fczde 1\u2019e indirilmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015fyeri baraj\u0131 ise aynen korunmu\u015ftur. \u0130\u015fyeri i\u00e7in yar\u0131dan fazla i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00fcyeli\u011fi \u015fart\u0131 aran\u0131rken, i\u015fletmelerde ise baraj %40\u2019\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcyeli\u011fi olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir. En \u00e7ok \u00fcyesi olan sendika yetki alacakt\u0131r. Ancak sendikalar\u0131n \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fit olmas\u0131 durumunda her iki sendikaya da yetkisizlik verilecektir!<\/p>\n

Yeni yasaya g\u00f6re, gerek\u00e7eli veya gerek\u00e7esiz olarak yetki tespitine itiraz T\u0130S s\u00fcrecini durdurmaktad\u0131r. Yetki tespitine itiraz halinde Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ba\u011f\u0131tlayabilmek hukuki yollarla imkans\u0131z hale getirilmi\u015ftir. Fiilen \u00f6rg\u00fctlenip yetki almak ve itiraz\/dava s\u00fcrecini a\u015farak T\u0130S s\u00fcrecini ba\u015flatmak me\u015fakkatli ve 5-10 y\u0131la uzayan bir s\u00fcre\u00e7te m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fundan, bu kadar uzun bir s\u00fcrede i\u015fyerinde sendikal\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i kalmamaktad\u0131r. K\u0131sacas\u0131, bu maddede yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklik fiilen sendikas\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rmaya zemin haz\u0131rlarken, sendikal b\u00fcrokrasinin \u201csat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri<\/em>\u201dne imza atmalar\u0131na \u201cg\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir gerek\u00e7e<\/em>\u201d sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Grev oylamas\u0131 ve grev: <\/strong>Yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikle grev oylamas\u0131na sendika \u00fcyesi olmayan, hatta T\u0130S\u2019le kapsam d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131lan i\u015f\u00e7iler de kat\u0131labilmekte ve grev oylamas\u0131 talep edebilmektedir. Bu durum patronlar taraf\u0131ndan tehdit olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Grev ilan\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte i\u015fyerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7ilerden oylamaya kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n salt \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun hay\u0131r oyu kullanmas\u0131 halinde grev yasal olarak uygulanamamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

De\u011fi\u015fiklikle devreye giren bir unsur da grev ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce \u00fcretilen \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin sat\u0131labilece\u011fi ve i\u015fyeri d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilece\u011fine ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemedir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a grev k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na tan\u0131nan \u201cgrev erteleme yetkisi<\/em>\u201d geni\u015fletilmi\u015ftir. Ad\u0131 erteleme olan, fiilde ise yasaklama anlam\u0131na gelen bu d\u00fczenleme AKP d\u00f6neminde s\u0131k s\u0131k uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. AKP\u2019nin 20 y\u0131ll\u0131k iktidar\u0131nda 20 grev yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6yle ki, Erdo\u011fan \u201cOla\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc hali biz i\u015f d\u00fcnyam\u0131z daha iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fs\u0131n diye yap\u0131yoruz. Soruyorum, i\u015f d\u00fcnyan\u0131zda herhangi bir s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131z, aksaman\u0131z var m\u0131? Biz g\u00f6reve geldi\u011fimizde OHAL vard\u0131. Ama b\u00fct\u00fcn fabrikalar grev tehdidi alt\u0131ndayd\u0131. Hat\u0131rlay\u0131n o g\u00fcnleri. \u015eimdi b\u00f6yle bir \u015fey var m\u0131? Tam aksine. \u015eimdi grev tehdidi olan yere biz OHAL’den istifadeyle an\u0131nda m\u00fcdahale ediyoruz. Diyoruz ki hay\u0131r, burada greve m\u00fcsaade etmiyoruz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc i\u015f d<\/em>\u00fcnyam\u0131z\u0131 sarsamazs\u0131n\u0131z\u201d diyerek kendisinin, partisinin ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin kimin yan\u0131nda durdu\u011funu net bi\u00e7imde ortaya koymu\u015ftur.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

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6331 SAYILI \u0130\u015e SA\u011eLI\u011eI<\/strong> \u0130\u015e VE G\u00dcVENL\u0130\u011e\u0130 KANUNU<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7i sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine birer maliyet kalemi olarak bakma anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 AKP d\u00f6neminin egemen anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. 6331 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130\u015f G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Yasas\u0131 20.06.2012 tarihinde kabul edilerek y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir. Yasa, 1475 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Yasas\u0131 ve bu yasaya ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan \u201c\u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130\u015f G\u00fcvenli\u011fi T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/em>\u201dnde benimsenen \u201c\u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130\u015f G\u00fcvenli\u011fi<\/em>\u201d kavram\u0131 yerine \u201c\u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130\u015f G\u00fcvenli\u011fi<\/em>\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131 tercih etmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece konunun \u00f6znesi olan \u201ci\u015f\u00e7i<\/em>\u201d ve sorunun s\u0131n\u0131fsal \u00f6z\u00fc gizlenmi\u015ftir. Kanun, ad\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi, i\u015f\u00e7inin de\u011fil i\u015fin ve i\u015fyerinin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini \u00f6ncelemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fini denetleme g\u00f6revi \u00f6zel kurulu\u015flara ve ortak sa\u011fl\u0131k ve g\u00fcvenlik birimlerine devredilmi\u015f, i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fccretlerinin de denetledikleri patronlarca \u00f6denmesi gibi abs\u00fcrd bir d\u00fczenlemeye yer verilmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00fczenlemeler sonras\u0131 i\u015f cinayetleri azalmak bir yana s\u00fcrekli artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130S\u0130G verilerine g\u00f6re, 2002-2022 (10. ay\u0131 itibariyle) aras\u0131nda 30.224 i\u015f\u00e7i i\u015f cinayetine kurban gitmi\u015ftir. 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda 146 olan i\u015f cinayeti say\u0131s\u0131 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda 2170 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu rakamlar AKP, Erdo\u011fan ve \u201ctek adam y\u00f6netimi<\/em>\u201dnin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 ne hale getirmi\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131 net bi\u00e7imde ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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5510 Say\u0131l\u0131 Sosyal Sigortalar ve Genel Sa\u011fl\u0131k Sigortas\u0131 Kanunu<\/strong><\/p>\n

AKP d\u00f6neminde \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan temel kanunlardan biri de 5510 say\u0131l\u0131 kanundur. Bu kanunla 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6nemli oranda budanm\u0131\u015f olan kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f haklar daha da budanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Emekli ayl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n temel belirlenme kriterlerinden olan ayl\u0131k ba\u011flama oranlar\u0131 y\u00fczde 28\u2019e kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Bu oran 2000-2008 aras\u0131 en az y\u00fczde 43, 2000 \u00f6ncesi ise en az y\u00fczde 60\u2019t\u0131. Prim g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131 5 bini ge\u00e7ti\u011finde ise, s\u0131ras\u0131yla y\u00fczde 65 ve y\u00fczde 76\u2019ya kadar \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordu. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde emekli maa\u015flar\u0131 asgari \u00fccretin yar\u0131s\u0131 d\u00fczeyine geriledi.<\/p>\n

Emeklilik ya\u015f\u0131 AKP \u00f6ncesi kad\u0131nlarda 58, erkeklerde 60\u2019a \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lm\u0131\u015fken, 2008 d\u00fczenlemesiyle kademeli olarak 65\u2019e y\u00fckseltildi. Emeklilik i\u00e7in gerekli prim g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131ysa 9000\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131ld\u0131. Yine bu yasa ile kamusal sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinden yararlanma hakk\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlan\u0131rken, SGK\u2019n\u0131n ila\u00e7 ve tedavi katk\u0131 pay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

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BES<\/strong><\/p>\n

2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan bir yasa ile 2017 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren zorunlu Bireysel Emeklilik Sistemi uygulamas\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131. BES te\u015fvik edildi ve zorunlu BES uygulamas\u0131yla i\u015f\u00e7ilerin gelirinin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne sermaye aktar\u0131lmak i\u00e7in fon olu\u015fturmak \u00fczere el kondu.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zorunlu arabuluculuk<\/strong><\/p>\n

2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan yasa ile 1 Ocak 2018\u2019den itibaren i\u015f davalar\u0131nda zorunlu arabuluculuk uygulamas\u0131 getirildi. Arabuluculuk e\u015fitler aras\u0131nda olumlu sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furabilir, ancak kapitalizm ko\u015fullar\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7i ve patronun e\u015fit iki taraf oldu\u011funu iddia etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i zay\u0131ft\u0131r, temel haklar\u0131n\u0131 bile tek ba\u015f\u0131na iken fiilen kullanamaz. Bu nedenle \u00f6rg\u00fctlenir, sendika kurar ve birle\u015ferek g\u00fc\u00e7lenebilir. Zorunlu arabuluculuk, i\u015f\u00e7ileri yasal hakk\u0131ndan az\u0131na raz\u0131 etme ve hak arama, dava a\u00e7ma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin \u00f6n\u00fcne yeni bir engel \u00e7\u0131karma i\u015flevi g\u00f6rd\u00fc, g\u00f6r\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Yap\u0131lan yasal d\u00fczenlemeler bunlarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fil. Ancak bu kadar\u0131 AKP, Erdo\u011fan ve \u201ctek adam y\u00f6netimi<\/em>\u201dnin i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 geri g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in ne kadar \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in yeterlidir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve i\u015f g\u00fcvencesinden mahrum olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya zorlanmalar\u0131 sonucu i\u015f cinayetleri 20 kat artarken, hak arama yollar\u0131 da (sendikal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme hakk\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z grev ve genel grev hakk\u0131) b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde t\u0131kanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeninin AKP ve Erdo\u011fan eliyle \u201cOrman kanunlar\u0131<\/em>\u201dn\u0131n ge\u00e7erli hale getirildi\u011fi bu ortamda i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ekonomik (\u00fccret) ve sosyal (haklar ve ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131) olarak da bir b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n i\u00e7ine itilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

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Ad\u0131m ad\u0131m \u201cmutlak olarak yoksulla\u015fma\u201d s\u00fcreci<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bilindi\u011fi gibi, AKP ve Erdo\u011fan \u201c3Y<\/em>\u201d, \u201cyoksulluk, yolsuzluk, yasaklar<\/em>\u201d kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 slogan\u0131n\u0131 bayrak edinerek, y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Gelinen yerde ise 3Y ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fmi\u015f bir siyasi mihrak haline gelmi\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r. Fakat AKP ve Erdo\u011fan iktidar\u0131n\u0131n kurulu\u015funda i\u00e7kin olan bu \u00f6z\u00fc, AKP\u2019nin tekelci sermayenin partisi oldu\u011funu uzun bir s\u00fcre i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve emek\u00e7i halk kitleleri g\u00f6rememi\u015ftir. Bunun ba\u015fl\u0131ca nedenlerinden biri emek\u00e7i kitlelerin bilin\u00e7 ve \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fck d\u00fczeyinin gerili\u011fiyken; bir di\u011fer neden \u00e7ok daha bask\u0131n olmu\u015ftur. \u0130ktidara geldi\u011finde emperyalistler ve uluslararas\u0131 finans gruplar\u0131 likidite bollu\u011fu ya\u015f\u0131yor; mali sermaye deyim yerindeyse \u201cakaca\u011f\u0131 alanlar<\/em>\u201d ar\u0131yordu. Bu \u201cs\u0131cak para<\/em>\u201d bollu\u011funda s\u00f6z\u00fcm ona \u201cucuz maliyet<\/em>\u201dle bol bol bor\u00e7lanan AKP h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, i\u00e7eride \u201cd\u00fc\u015f\u00fck faiz<\/em>\u201dle kredi musluklar\u0131n\u0131 sonuna kadar a\u00e7t\u0131. 2001 ekonomik krizinin y\u00fckleri, \u0130MF ve DB\u2019nin mutemet adam\u0131 Kemal Dervi\u015f\u2019in nezaretinde \u201cg\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ekonomiye ge\u00e7i\u015f program\u0131<\/em>\u201d ad\u0131yla devreye sokulan uygulamalarla i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve emek\u00e7i halk\u0131n s\u0131rt\u0131na y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ekonomi zaten yeni bir canlanma s\u00fcrecine girmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

AKP ve Erdo\u011fan \u201cs\u0131cak para<\/em>\u201d ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n da sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 destekle \u201cekonomiyi \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcden kurtarma<\/em>\u201d payesini kullanma olana\u011f\u0131 bulmu\u015f ve bu demagoji y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar nezdinde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde al\u0131c\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur. Bu s\u00fcrecin i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7iler \u00fczerindeki etkileri de olumlu y\u00f6nde olmu\u015ftur. \u00dccretler belli d\u00fczeyde iyile\u015fmi\u015f, al\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fc artm\u0131\u015f, i\u015f\u00e7iler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck faizle bor\u00e7lanarak ev, araba alma imkan\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur. Bu \u201clale devri<\/em>\u201dnin s\u00fcrgit devam\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildi. \u201cEl eliyle a\u015f\u0131k atma<\/em>\u201dn\u0131n nihayetinde bir sonu olacakt\u0131 ve 2008 d\u00fcnya ekonomik krizi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olan bu sonun ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 oldu. \u015eemsiye terse d\u00f6nd\u00fc. S\u0131cak para ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 yava\u015flarken d\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7lanman\u0131n maliyeti artt\u0131. O andan itibaren \u201ck\u0131t hale gelen kaynak<\/em>\u201dlar, bir politik tercih olarak, AKP ve Erdo\u011fan taraf\u0131ndan t\u00fcm\u00fcyle sermayeye ak\u0131t\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 \u00fczerindeki art\u0131-de\u011fer s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc daha da yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131, bask\u0131lar artt\u0131. \u00d6zellikle \u201ctek adam y\u00f6netimine<\/em>\u201d ge\u00e7i\u015fle birlikte bu durum zirve yapt\u0131. Bu s\u00fcreci anlamak bak\u0131m\u0131ndan tekelci sermayenin rafine s\u00f6zc\u00fclerinden Mahfi E\u011filmez\u2019in belirtti\u011fi \u015fu hususa bakmakta yarar var:<\/p>\n

\u201cpiyasa sisteminde d\u00f6rt alt piyasa vard\u0131r: Mal piyasas\u0131, emek piyasas\u0131, bor\u00e7 verilebilir fonlar piyasas\u0131 ve d\u00f6viz piyasas\u0131. Mal piyasas\u0131nda dengeyi fiyat, emek piyasas\u0131nda dengeyi \u00fccret, bor\u00e7 verilebilir fonlar piyasas\u0131nda dengeyi faiz ve d\u00f6viz piyasas\u0131nda dengeyi yerli parayla yabanc\u0131 paralar aras\u0131ndaki kur denilen e\u015fitlik kurar. Bu d\u00f6rt denge kurucunun her biri \u00f6nemlidir, ne kadar \u00e7ok m\u00fcdahale edilirse ekonomik denge o kadar bozulur.<\/em>\u201d[3]<\/a><\/p>\n

E\u011filmez burjuva iktisat s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde do\u011fru, fakat eksik s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Eksik b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yan \u015fudur: \u201cbu d\u00f6rt denge kurucunun<\/em>\u201d bir ya da birka\u00e7\u0131na m\u00fcdahale edildi\u011finde \u201cvar olan denge<\/em>\u201d kimin aleyhine, kimin lehine bozulmu\u015f olacakt\u0131r? Eme\u011fin mi, sermayenin mi? Gelgelelim, her vesileyle yemin billah serbest piyasaya olan ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getiren AKP ve Erdo\u011fan\u2019a bu soruyu sormaya gerek var m\u0131d\u0131r? Her \u015fey ortadad\u0131r!<\/p>\n

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Patronlar\u0131n cirosu y\u0131ldan y\u0131la artt\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sanayide ciro art\u0131\u015f oranlar\u0131 y\u0131ldan y\u0131la artt\u0131. 2013\u2019te y\u00fczde 20,2 ve 2014\u2019te y\u00fczde 10,7 olan y\u0131ll\u0131k sanayi ciro art\u0131\u015f\u0131; 2017\u2019de y\u00fczde 33,7; 2018\u2019de y\u00fczde 8; 2019\u2019da y\u00fczde 20.4; 2020\u2019de y\u00fczde 40; 2021\u2019de y\u00fczde 96,4; 2022 Kas\u0131m\u2019\u0131nda y\u00fczde 104.2 oldu. 2014 Ocak\u2019\u0131nda 71.5 birim, 2018 Ocak\u2019\u0131nda 157.6 birim olan ciro endeksi, 2022 Kas\u0131m\u2019\u0131nda 991.1 birime kadar y\u00fckseldi. Bu, ciro endeksinin 2018 Ocak ay\u0131ndan bug\u00fcne kadar y\u00fczde 528 artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ise katland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyor.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ciro endeksi b\u00f6ylesine artarken, 2018 y\u0131l\u0131ndan 2021\u2019e kadar \u015firketlerin emek maliyetini g\u00f6steren \u201cpersonel giderleri<\/em>\u201d ise sadece y\u00fczde 74 artt\u0131. T\u00dc\u0130K verilerine g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00fccretli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan 13 milyondan fazla i\u015f\u00e7inin patronlara \u201cmaliyeti<\/em>\u201d, \u2013finans ve sigorta faaliyetleri hari\u00e7\u2013 2018\u2019de 584.5 milyar lirayken, 2022\u2019de i\u015f\u00e7ilik maliyeti 1.2 trilyon lira oldu.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7iler her y\u0131l ucuzlayan bir \u2018maliyet unsuru\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00dc\u0130K\u2019in her y\u0131l yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve son olarak 2021\u2019e ili\u015fkin verileri i\u00e7eren Sanayi ve Hizmet \u0130statistikleri, cirolar ve \u00fccretleri k\u0131yaslayarak, artan s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 daha net g\u00f6rmemize olanak tan\u0131yor. T\u00dc\u0130K taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan resmi verilere g\u00f6re, 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u2013finans ve sigorta faaliyetleri hari\u00e7\u2013 \u015firketlerin personel (yani i\u015f\u00e7ilik) maliyeti 1 trilyon 2 milyar TL oldu. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin eliyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen \u201c\u00fcretim de\u011feri<\/em>\u201d ise, 9 trilyon 85 milyar trilyon TL\u2019yi buldu. Hizmet, \u00fcretim ve ticarette 100 birimlik de\u011fer \u00fcreten i\u015f\u00e7ilere, sadece 11,3 birim \u00fccret ya da maa\u015f olarak d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle, t\u00fcm sekt\u00f6rlerde \u015firketlerin ekonomik faaliyeti i\u00e7inde emek giderleri yaln\u0131zca y\u00fczde 11,3. Bu genel oran, e\u011fitimde (y\u00fczde 51), sa\u011fl\u0131kta (y\u00fczde 26), idari i\u015flerde (y\u00fczde 33), sosyal hizmetlerde (y\u00fczde 26) art\u0131yor. \u0130stihdam\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu bu sekt\u00f6rler genel orandan s\u0131yr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, milyonlarca i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 imalat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn boyutu daha \u00e7\u0131plak g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

S\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc imalatta daha yo\u011fun<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin, imalat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck, orta ya da y\u00fcksek teknoloji ile \u00fcretim yapan bir \u015firket b\u00fcnyesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7i, \u00fcretim de\u011ferinin sadece y\u00fczde 7,18\u2019i kadar pay al\u0131yor.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130malat sanayinde ciro ve i\u015f\u00e7ilik maliyetini detayland\u0131ral\u0131m.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck patronlar\u0131 olan Ko\u00e7, Sabanc\u0131 ve uluslararas\u0131 tekeller y\u00fcksek teknoloji ile \u00fcretim yap\u0131yor. T\u00dc\u0130K\u2019e g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki 444 bin 101 fabrika ve i\u015fletmenin yaln\u0131zca 2 bin 892\u2019si y\u00fcksek teknoloji kullan\u0131yor. 48 bin 361 fabrika orta-y\u00fcksek, 119 bin 981 fabrika orta-d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck, 272 bin 867 fabrika ise d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck teknoloji ile i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bu fabrikalarda \u00fcretim yapan toplam \u00fccretli i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131 ise 4 milyon 390 bin 515. Y\u00fcksek teknoloji ile \u00fcretim yapan fabrikalarda 118 bin, orta-y\u00fcksek teknoloji ile \u00fcretim yapan fabrikalarda 860 bin, orta-d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck teknoloji ile \u00fcretim yapan fabrikalarda 1 milyon 193 bin, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck teknoloji ile \u00fcretim yapan fabrikalarda 2 milyon 218 bin i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bu fabrikalar\u0131n toplam cirosu ise 5 trilyon 118 milyar lira. Y\u00fcksek teknoloji ile \u00fcretim yapan patronlar\u0131n toplam cirosu 151 milyar 472 milyon lira. Orta-y\u00fcksek teknolojili \u015firketlerin cirosu 1.3 trilyon lira, orta-d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck teknolojili \u015firketlerin cirosu 1.8 trilyon lira.<\/p>\n

Basit bir hesapla, y\u00fcksek teknolojili imalat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir i\u015f\u00e7inin patronuna 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda 1 milyon 280 bin 347 lira kazand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bu rakamlar i\u015f\u00e7ilerin devasa bir s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc alt\u0131nda ya\u015fam s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stermeye yetse de, bununla yetinmeyelim. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck patronu Ko\u00e7 Holding ve Amerikan otomotiv tekeli Ford\u2019un ortak yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 olan T\u00fcrkiye fabrikalar\u0131ndaki durumu irdeleyelim. Y\u00fcksek teknoloji ile \u00fcretim yapan Ford\u2019un 2021\u2019in tamam\u0131nda cirosu 2020\u2019ye g\u00f6re y\u00fczde 44 artarak, 71.1 milyar lira oldu. 13 bin 724 i\u015f\u00e7isi bulunan Ford\u2019da i\u015f\u00e7i ba\u015f\u0131na ciro 5 milyon 180 bin 778 lira! Y\u00fcksek teknoloji ile \u00fcretim yapan ortalama bir patronun i\u015f\u00e7i ba\u015f\u0131na yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 cironun tam 4 kat\u0131!<\/p>\n

K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir ad\u0131m daha atarak, Ford\u2019un maliyetini cirodan \u00e7\u0131karal\u0131m ve net k\u00e2ra ula\u015fal\u0131m. Ford\u2019un 2021\u2019de i\u015f\u00e7i ba\u015f\u0131na net k\u00e2r\u0131 641 bin lira. Ayn\u0131 Ford\u2019un 2020\u2019de i\u015f\u00e7i ba\u015f\u0131 net k\u00e2r\u0131 328 bin lira, 2019\u2019da 174 bin lira, 2018\u2019de ise 150 bin lirayd\u0131. Yani 2018 y\u0131l\u0131ndan 2021 y\u0131l\u0131na dek, Ford, i\u015f\u00e7i ba\u015f\u0131na k\u00e2r\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fczde 327 art\u0131rd\u0131. 2018\u2019de i\u015f\u00e7i ba\u015f\u0131na 100 birim kazanan Ford, sadece 3 y\u0131l sonra, 427 birim kazan\u0131r hale geldi. Bu kazan\u00e7, T\u00dc\u0130K\u2019in bu d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in hesaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretici enflasyonunun yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 110 \u00fczerinde.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ar\u00e7elik, Renault, Toyota, Mercedes, Tofa\u015f vb. gibi en b\u00fcy\u00fck tekellerin t\u00fcm\u00fc, Ford gibi, T\u00dc\u0130K\u2019in ortalamay\u0131 yans\u0131tan ciro verilerini katl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Resmi veriler de i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fin her y\u0131l ucuzlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyor<\/strong><\/p>\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki iki tablo, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de t\u00fcm patronlarla \u00f6zel olarak imalat sanayi patronlar\u0131n\u0131n cirolar\u0131 i\u00e7indeki emek maliyetini g\u00f6steriyor. Patronlar\u0131n emek maliyeti, ciro art\u0131\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, 5 y\u0131lda y\u00fczde 23,75 oran\u0131nda azald\u0131.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Tablo 1. T\u00dc\u0130K verilerine g\u00f6re patronlar\u0131n ciro i\u00e7indeki emek maliyet oran\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Y\u0131l<\/strong><\/td>\nOran<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2017<\/td>\n%8,0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2018<\/td>\n%7,5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2019<\/td>\n%7,8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2020<\/td>\n%6,9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2021<\/td>\n%6,1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0130malat sanayinde ciro i\u00e7indeki i\u015f\u00e7ilik maliyeti, 2017 y\u0131l\u0131ndan 2021\u2019e kadar y\u00fczde 24,17 geriledi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Tablo 2. Genel imalat sanayinde ciro i\u00e7indeki emek maliyet oran\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Y\u0131l<\/strong><\/td>\nOran<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2017<\/td>\n%9,1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2018<\/td>\n%8,4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2019<\/td>\n%8,9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2020<\/td>\n%8,2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2021<\/td>\n%6,9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

2018\u2019de y\u00fcksek teknolojili bir fabrikada elde edilen cironun y\u00fczde 14\u2019\u00fc emek maliyetlerine ayr\u0131l\u0131rken, 2021\u2019de ciroya g\u00f6re emek maliyet oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 12,6\u2019ya geriledi. Y\u00fcksek teknoloji ile \u00fcretim yapan \u015firketler bu d\u00f6nemde cirolar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fczde 137 art\u0131rarak 63,7 milyar liradan 151,4 milyar liraya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilere \u00f6denen pay ise y\u00fczde 10 azald\u0131. B\u00f6ylece d\u00fc\u015fen emek maliyeti, i\u015f\u00e7ileri ger\u00e7ek yoksullu\u011fa iterken, patronlara daha fazla k\u00e2r getirdi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Tablo 3. Y\u00fcksek teknoloji ile \u00fcretim yapan \u015firketlerde ciro ve emek maliyeti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Y\u0131l<\/strong><\/td>\nToplam Ciro<\/strong><\/td>\nEmek maliyetinin ciro i\u00e7indeki pay\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2018<\/td>\n63 milyar 747 milyon TL<\/td>\n%14,0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2019<\/td>\n85 milyar 578 milyon TL<\/td>\n%13,9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2020<\/td>\n103 milyar 300 milyon TL<\/td>\n%13,8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2021<\/td>\n151 milyar 472 milyon TL<\/td>\n%12,6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

Genel \u00fccretler geriledi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Kurumunun a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de br\u00fct \u00fccret ortalamas\u0131, dolar baz\u0131nda, 2017\u2019den 2022\u2019ye dek 798 dolardan 554 dolara geriledi.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer yandan vergiler de \u00fccretleri eritti. 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de net ortalama \u00fccret 2083 lirayd\u0131. Bu ortalama net \u00fccret 588 dolara tekab\u00fcl ediyordu.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n

2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda ortalama net \u00fccret 5 bin 907 lira oldu. Ortalama net \u00fccretin dolar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, 372 dolara geriledi. Asgari \u00fccretin dolar baz\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise 2017\u2019de 467 dolarken, 2022\u2019de 300 dolara kadar geriledi. 2023\u2019te yap\u0131lan zamla asgari \u00fccret 456 dolara y\u00fckseldi; ancak bu, 2017 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n dahi alt\u0131nda. Dolar\u0131n 5 y\u0131lda enflasyon dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fer kayb\u0131 da dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, erime g\u00f6r\u00fcnenden daha fazla.<\/p>\n

2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda ortalama br\u00fct \u00fccret 2914 lirayken, net ortalama \u00fccret Ocak\u2019ta 2083 lira; Aral\u0131k\u2019ta 1959 lira oldu. Y\u0131l\u0131n ilk 5 ay\u0131nda ayda 371 lira vergi \u00f6deyen i\u015f\u00e7i, kalan aylarda ayl\u0131k olarak 495 lira vergi \u00f6dedi.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck patronlar\u0131 ile T\u00fcrkiye metal sanayinde \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc sendikalar\u0131n imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 MESS grup toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fyerlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7inin ortalama \u00fccreti, asgari \u00fccret kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli geriledi. 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda metal i\u015f\u00e7isinin ortalama saat \u00fccreti 6,19 lirayken, asgari \u00fccret 729 lirayd\u0131. Yani metal i\u015f\u00e7isi asgari \u00fccretten y\u00fczde 91 fazla \u00fccret al\u0131yordu. 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda asgari \u00fccret 2 bin 943 lirayken, ortalama saat \u00fccreti 15,72 lira oldu ve asgari \u00fccretin ancak y\u00fczde 20 fazlas\u0131na geriledi.[8]<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Patronlar 2023 ile birlikte daha az vergi \u00f6deyecek<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015eirketlerin \u00f6dedi\u011fi vergileri d\u00fczenleyen kurumlar vergisi kanununa g\u00f6re, kurumlar vergisi oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 20. Ancak yap\u0131lan ge\u00e7ici d\u00fczenlemelerle bu oran 2018, 2019 ve 2020’de y\u00fczde 22, 2021’de y\u00fczde 25 olarak belirlendi. Oran 2022\u2019de y\u00fczde 23\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda devasa k\u00e2rlar elde eden \u015firketler, 2023\u2019ten itibaren tekrar y\u00fczde 20 kurumlar vergisi \u00f6deyecek.[9]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ancak baz\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeler nedeniyle kimi patronlar bu oranda dahi vergi \u00f6demeyecek.<\/p>\n

2009 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olan te\u015fvik belgeli yat\u0131r\u0131mlarla en az y\u00fczde 20 oran\u0131nda halka arz edilen ve Borsa \u0130stanbul\u2019da ilk kez i\u015flem g\u00f6recek kurumlar be\u015f y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle y\u00fczde 2 daha az vergi \u00f6deyecek.<\/p>\n

22 Ocak 2022\u2019de yap\u0131lan yasal d\u00fczenleme, sanayi patronlar\u0131yla ihracat\u00e7\u0131ya da daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck vergi verme imkan\u0131 tan\u0131d\u0131. \u0130malat\u00e7\u0131 ve ihracat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretim ile ihracattan elde ettikleri kazan\u00e7lara y\u00fczde 1 ek vergi indirimi uygulanacak.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda yat\u0131r\u0131m fonlar\u0131ndan elde edilen k\u00e2r paylar\u0131nda kurumlar vergisi istisnas\u0131 sa\u011flanacak, KKM\u2019de mevduat tutan \u015firketlere de ek vergi istisnalar\u0131 sa\u011flanacak.<\/p>\n

Ek olarak, AKP taraf\u0131ndan meclise getirilen ve kamuya olan bor\u00e7lar\u0131n yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren kanun teklifi Plan ve B\u00fct\u00e7e Komisyonu’nda kabul edildi. Bununla, patronlar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 2-3 trilyon liral\u0131k vergi borcunun silinmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Yani devlet, kanunla patronlardan alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 taahh\u00fct etti\u011fi vergi gelirinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 tek kalemde siliyor.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Eme\u011fin milli gelirden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 pay eridi<\/strong><\/p>\n

2017-2022 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda eme\u011fin GSYH\u2019den (milli gelir) ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 pay s\u00fcrekli olarak d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7ilere \u00f6denen \u00fccretler toplam\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc \u00f6demeleri, milli gelirin y\u00fczde 31,99\u2019unu olu\u015fturuyordu. \u015eirketlerin elde etti\u011fi gelir ise, milli gelirin y\u00fczde 41,87\u2019si kadard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Eme\u011fin milli gelirden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 pay 2017\u2019de y\u00fczde 30,22, 2018\u2019de y\u00fczde 30,04, 2019\u2019da y\u00fczde 31,37, 2020\u2019de 29,4, 2021\u2019de 27,04, 2022\u2019de y\u00fczde 25,4 oldu. Buna g\u00f6re, eme\u011fin milli gelirden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 pay, 5 y\u0131lda y\u00fczde 30,22\u2019den y\u00fczde 25,4\u2019e kadar geriledi.<\/p>\n

Patronlar\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 pay ise artt\u0131. Patronlar\u0131n milli gelirden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 pay\u0131 g\u00f6steren net i\u015fletme art\u0131\u011f\u0131, 2017\u2019de y\u00fczde 44,24, 2018\u2019de y\u00fczde 44,35, 2019\u2019da y\u00fczde 42,68, 2020\u2019de 43,84, 2021\u2019de 47,01, 2022\u2019de y\u00fczde 54 oldu. Patronlar\u0131n milli gelirden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 pay, 5 y\u0131lda yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 puan kadar artt\u0131.[10]<\/a><\/p>\n

B\u00f6ylece 2017\u2019de \u00fclkede elde edilen her 100 liral\u0131k gelirin 32 liras\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin cebine girerken, bu, 2022\u2019de 25 liraya kadar d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde patronlar\u0131n 100 liral\u0131k gelirden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 pay 44,2 liradan 54 liraya kadar \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. AKP\u2019nin iktidara geldi\u011fi 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda eme\u011fin milli gelirden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 pay %51 idi. 20 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde i\u015f\u00e7ilerin pay\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 AKP ve Erdo\u011fan eliyle i\u00e7 edildi!<\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, AKP h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri, Erdo\u011fan ve \u201ctek adam y\u00f6netimi<\/em>\u201d 20 y\u0131l boyunca i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve emek\u00e7ileri dibe iterken, sermayeyi \u201car\u015fa \u00e7\u0131karan<\/em>\u201d bir asans\u00f6r olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Bitirirken eklemeliyiz: Bir ki\u015finin veya bir siyasal hareketin bug\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc anlamak ve ger\u00e7ek kimli\u011fini g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in en ba\u015fta ge\u00e7mi\u015fini, Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n deyi\u015fiyle \u201ccemaziy\u00fclevvelini iyi bilmek<\/em>\u201d gerekir.[11]<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

AKP ve T. Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n \u2018cemaziy\u00fclevveli\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

AKP\u2019nin 1980 24 Ocak Kararlar\u0131 ve 12 Eyl\u00fcl rejimine kadar giden bir g\u00f6bek ba\u011f\u0131 var. 12 Eyl\u00fcl askeri fa\u015fist darbesinden 21 y\u0131l sonra kurulmu\u015f olmas\u0131 ya da g\u00f6stermelik bir \u201c12 Eyl\u00fcl yarg\u0131lamas\u0131<\/em>\u201d yapm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 bu olguyu de\u011fi\u015ftiremez. O, 24 Ocak Kararlar\u0131 ve 12 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019le olu\u015fan yeni rejimin hem bir sonucu, hem bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc, hem de devamc\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. 24 Ocak Kararlar\u0131, IMF ve D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 gibi uluslararas\u0131 emperyalist mali kurulu\u015flar\u0131n bir dayatmas\u0131 olarak g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015ftir. Bu program\u0131n devreye sokulmas\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisi uluslararas\u0131 burjuvazi ve emperyalizmin d\u00f6nemsel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na uygun olarak yeniden dizayn edilmi\u015f, yabanc\u0131 sermayenin dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki b\u00fct\u00fcn engeller kald\u0131r\u0131larak T\u00fcrkiye do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131 ve i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcyle emperyalist s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve talana b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle a\u00e7\u0131k hale getirilmi\u015ftir. Emperyalizme ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k daha da peki\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. 12 Eyl\u00fcl darbesi, ola\u011fan ko\u015fullarda hayata ge\u00e7irilemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in, halk muhalefetini ezerek, bu program\u0131 hayata ge\u00e7irebilmek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Emek, demokrasi ve ilerici halk g\u00fc\u00e7leri ezilirken, siyasal \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n ve aralar\u0131nda Erdo\u011fan, G\u00fcl, Ar\u0131n\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere kadrolar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fc sonuna kadar a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu s\u0131rada ekonominin d\u00fcmeninde Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olmakla \u00f6v\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Turgut \u00d6zal bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zal\u2019\u0131n ilan etti\u011fi \u201cihracata dayal\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcme modeli<\/em>\u201d, ger\u00e7ekte t\u00fcm\u00fcyle ucuz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne dayanan \u201cyeni bir emek rejimi<\/em>\u201dnin ilan\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyordu. Bug\u00fcn i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ine itildi\u011fi batakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n k\u00f6kleri o zamandan at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Turgut \u00d6zal\u2019la ba\u015flayan, ard\u0131llar\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerce s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, AKP, Erdo\u011fan ve \u201ctek adam y\u00f6netimi<\/em>\u201d ile tavan yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Erdo\u011fan uluslararas\u0131 sermaye ve i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i tekelci burjuvazinin \u201chas adam\u0131<\/em>\u201dd\u0131r. H\u00fck\u00fcmet etti\u011fi d\u00f6nemde emperyalist ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k artm\u0131\u015f, tekelci sermaye k\u00e2r rekorlar\u0131 k\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ise, onun iktidar\u0131 d\u00f6neminde reel anlamda gelirinin yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle AKP, Erdo\u011fan h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri ve \u201ctek adam y\u00f6netimi<\/em>\u201d i\u00e7in \u201cbug\u00fcne kadarki en emek d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 iktidard\u0131r<\/em>\u201d denmesi bo\u015funa de\u011fildir. Bu vasf\u0131 patronlar nezdinde \u201chak ederek\u201d alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6nceli sermaye h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin yapmak isteyip de i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerin ve toplumsal muhalefetin direnci nedeniyle yapamad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 gerek s\u0131n\u0131f g\u00fc\u00e7 ili\u015fkilerindeki de\u011fi\u015fmelere, gerekse ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 bir \u00fclke olarak (ekonomik ve siyasal planda) uluslararas\u0131 konjonkt\u00fcr\u00fcn de sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 imkanlara yaslanarak \u201cba\u015farabilmi\u015ftir<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve emek\u00e7iler karar vermeden \u00f6nce AKP ve Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n yirmi y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fan devri iktidar\u0131nda \u201cnereden nereye<\/em>\u201d geldi\u011fini, daha do\u011frusu getirildi\u011fini iyi sorgulamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Euronoews (2022) “OECD: Haftada 60 saatten fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 en fazla T\u00fcrkiye’de”, https:\/\/tr.euronews.com\/2022\/05\/26\/oecd-turkiye-haftada-60-saatten-fazla-cal-san-kisi-oran-en-fazla-olan-ulke<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Evrensel (2017) \u201cErdo\u011fan’dan itiraf: OHAL’le grevlere m\u00fcsaade etmiyoruz\u201d, https:\/\/www.evrensel.net\/haber\/326078\/erdogandan-itiraf-ohalle-grevlere-musaade-etmiyoruz<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> E\u011filmez, M. (2023) \u201c\u0130ki Yanl\u0131\u015f Bir Do\u011fru Etmez\u201d, Kendime Yaz\u0131lar<\/em>, https:\/\/www.mahfiegilmez.com\/2023\/01\/iki-yanls-bir-dogru-etmez.html<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> T\u00dc\u0130K, Y\u0131ll\u0131k Sanayi ve Hizmet \u0130statistikleri.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> T\u00dc\u0130K taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan Y\u0131ll\u0131k Sanayi ve Hizmet \u0130statistiklerinden yararlan\u0131larak taraf\u0131m\u0131zca hesaplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> Ford taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan faaliyet raporlar\u0131nda yer alan bilan\u00e7odan hareketle taraf\u0131m\u0131zca hesaplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Kurumu (2022) \u0130statistik Y\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ayl\u0131k ve Gelir Alan \u0130statistikleri 2017-2022<\/em><\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Birle\u015fik Metal-\u0130\u015f, Metal \u0130\u015f\u00e7isinin Ger\u00e7e\u011fi Raporu – 2020<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> T\u00dcRMOB B\u00fclteni, https:\/\/www.turmob.org.tr\/ekutuphane\/Read\/c3aa5c1d-1d91-4100-9a86-1d3dc0067e80<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> T\u00dc\u0130K, GSYH \u0130statistikleri<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> Cemaziy\u00fclevvel Arap\u00e7a bir kelime olup T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ki\u015finin (grubun) kirli ge\u00e7mi\u015fini hat\u0131rlatmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan kinayedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Seyfi Sel\u00e7uk   T\u00fcrkiye yeni bir se\u00e7im sath\u0131 mailine girmi\u015f bulunuyor. Fakat bu se\u00e7imin \u00f6ncellerine g\u00f6re ay\u0131rt edici \u00f6zelli\u011fi \u201ctek partili sistem\u201dden \u201c\u00e7ok partili sistem\u201de ge\u00e7i\u015f yap\u0131lan 1946 se\u00e7imleri sonras\u0131 Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminin en kritik se\u00e7imi olmas\u0131. \u00d6yle ki, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak sonuca ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, ya 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda devreye giren \u201ctek adam y\u00f6netimi\u201d ceberut, antidemokratik gerici bir burjuva diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden ad\u0131m ad\u0131m ilerledi\u011fi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3470,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[573,568,351],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3445","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dosya-coken-bir-rejimin-secimi","category-59-sayi-bahar-2023","category-seyfi-selcuk"],"yoast_head":"\nSE\u00c7\u0130MLERE G\u0130DERKEN \u2018TEK ADAM REJ\u0130M\u0130\u2019N\u0130N \u0130\u015e\u00c7\u0130 S\u0130C\u0130L\u0130<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2023\/05\/26\/secimlere-giderken-tek-adam-rejiminin-isci-sicili\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"en_EN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SE\u00c7\u0130MLERE G\u0130DERKEN \u2018TEK ADAM REJ\u0130M\u0130\u2019N\u0130N \u0130\u015e\u00c7\u0130 S\u0130C\u0130L\u0130\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Seyfi Sel\u00e7uk   T\u00fcrkiye yeni bir se\u00e7im sath\u0131 mailine girmi\u015f bulunuyor. 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