{"id":3384,"date":"2023-03-27T22:18:09","date_gmt":"2023-03-27T19:18:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/?p=3384"},"modified":"2023-03-27T22:18:09","modified_gmt":"2023-03-27T19:18:09","slug":"kapitalistler-kapitalizmi-neden-ve-nasil-tartisiyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2023\/03\/27\/kapitalistler-kapitalizmi-neden-ve-nasil-tartisiyor\/","title":{"rendered":"Kapitalistler kapitalizmi neden ve nas\u0131l tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yor?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ayd\u0131n \u00c7ubuk\u00e7u<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c\u0130yi bir krizin bo\u015fa gitmesine asla izin vermeyin!<\/em>\u201d[1]<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

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Salg\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc y\u0131k\u0131m, halk y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bunun sorumlusunun kim ya da ne oldu\u011fu sorusunun yayg\u0131n bi\u00e7imde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u00fczy\u0131llarda salg\u0131nlar\u0131n tanr\u0131lar\u0131n bir cezas\u0131 oldu\u011funu ya da cad\u0131lar\u0131n, sapk\u0131nlar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir felaket oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek kolayd\u0131 ve bu t\u00fcrden vaazlar tepkilerin \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde sapt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabiliyordu. Ancak art\u0131k ger\u00e7ek sorumlular\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 hem geli\u015fmi\u015f ileti\u015fim olanaklar\u0131 hem de toplumsal bilin\u00e7 d\u00fczeyi sayesinde daha kolay ve bu y\u00fczden egemen s\u0131n\u0131flar daha \u201cgeli\u015fmi\u015f\u201d, yan\u0131ltma ve oyalamada daha etkili, \u201cbilgiye dayal\u0131\u201d kan\u0131tlar \u00fcretmek zorundalar.<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 \u00e7evreler, eski cad\u0131 masallar\u0131na denk d\u00fc\u015fer bi\u00e7imde \u00c7in\u2019i, ya da d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k yaratmak isteyen ba\u015fka gizli odaklar\u0131 sorumlu olarak su\u00e7lamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fsa da, salg\u0131nla birlikte ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sorunlar\u0131n \u201csistemden<\/em>\u201d kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlukla b\u00fct\u00fcn halklar\u0131n ortak kanaati halini ald\u0131. \u201cSistem<\/em>\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn belirsizli\u011fine ra\u011fmen, bununla kast edilen, siyasal ve ekonomik y\u00f6nleriyle kapitalizmdi.<\/p>\n

Yaln\u0131zca halklar de\u011fil, kapitalizmin temsilcileri ve savunucular\u0131 da ayn\u0131 kanaatteydi. \u201cSistemde bir sorun vard\u0131! Bir \u015feyler yanl\u0131\u015f gidiyordu!<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

Salg\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelenin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 da ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da farkl\u0131 \u00e7evreler taraf\u0131ndan kapitalizmle ve onun h\u00fck\u00fcmetleriyle ili\u015fkilendirildi. B\u00f6ylece yaln\u0131zca muhalif kesimler i\u00e7inde de\u011fil kapitalizm ad\u0131na konu\u015fan, siyaset yapan \u00e7evrelerde de salg\u0131nla a\u00e7\u0131k ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7inde kapitalizm ve onun \u00e7e\u015fitli uygulamalar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Salg\u0131nla kapitalizm aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiye dair en a\u00e7\u0131k ve \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klama, \u0130ngiltere ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Boris Johnson\u2019dan geldi. Uzun ve y\u0131prat\u0131c\u0131 bir s\u00fcre\u00e7ten sonra, \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin salg\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelede \u00f6nemli bir ilerleme kaydetmesi \u00fczerine Boris Johnson, partisinin bir toplant\u0131s\u0131nda \u201cba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 kapitalizmin a\u00e7g\u00f6zl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne bor\u00e7luyuz<\/em>\u201d dedi. Sonradan bu s\u00f6zlerinden pi\u015fmanl\u0131k duydu\u011funu s\u00f6ylese de bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak, s\u00fcre\u00e7te kapitalizmin nas\u0131l i\u015fledi\u011fini son derece a\u00e7\u0131k bir bi\u00e7imde ifade eden bir vecizeyi tarihe arma\u011fan etmi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u00f6zler asl\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn kapitalist \u00e7evrelerin duygular\u0131n\u0131 ve beklentilerini \u00f6zetlemektedir, ama kontrols\u00fcz bi\u00e7imde Johnson taraf\u0131ndan dile getirilmesinin ba\u015fl\u0131ca iki nedeni var.<\/p>\n

S\u00fcre\u00e7 boyunca b\u00fct\u00fcn ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n nedeni olarak kapitalizmi g\u00f6steren ki\u015fi ya da kurumlar, etkili bir \u00e7o\u011funluk olu\u015fturdu. D\u00fczen muhalifleri bir yana, Papa Francis gibi dinsel \u00f6nderler, b\u00fcy\u00fck finans kurulu\u015flar\u0131, kapitalist medya tekellerinin yazarlar\u0131, politikac\u0131lar \u201cyanl\u0131\u015f giden bir \u015feyler var<\/em>\u201d demekten kendilerini alamad\u0131lar. Johnson gibi militan savunucular bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te genel olarak seslerini kestiler ya da \u00c7in\u2019i, Rusya\u2019y\u0131, \u00f6nlemlere uymayan halklar\u0131 vs. su\u00e7layarak savunmada kald\u0131lar. Johnson, elde edilen ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n verdi\u011fi cesaretle, bunca zaman i\u00e7ine att\u0131\u011f\u0131 derdini a\u00e7\u0131klama f\u0131rsat\u0131n\u0131 buldu. Ona g\u00f6re, kapitalizmin ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ve vazge\u00e7ilmezli\u011finin \u00f6v\u00fclmesi zaman\u0131 gelmi\u015fti; belli ki bir bask\u0131dan kurtulman\u0131n rahatl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla a\u011fz\u0131na geleni s\u00f6yledi. \u201cA\u00e7g\u00f6zl\u00fcl\u00fck<\/em>\u201d gibi bir \u201cg\u00fcnah<\/em>\u201d, onun g\u00f6z\u00fcnde kurtar\u0131c\u0131 bir erdem de\u011feri kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Akl\u0131ndan ge\u00e7enleri \u015f\u00f6yle anlayabiliriz: \u201cEvet, kapitalistiz ve a\u00e7g\u00f6zl\u00fcy\u00fcz, ama onun sayesinde kurtulu\u015f yoluna girmi\u015f bulunuyoruz!<\/em>\u201d B\u00f6ylece ayn\u0131 zamanda muhalif solcular\u0131n kapitalizmin zaman\u0131n\u0131 doldurdu\u011funu ilan etmi\u015f olmalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u201chay\u0131r biz buraday\u0131z ve h\u00e2l\u00e2 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcy\u00fcz<\/em>\u201d diye b\u00f6b\u00fcrlenme f\u0131rsat\u0131n\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rmak istemedi. Bu arada kapitalizmin a\u00e7g\u00f6zl\u00fc oldu\u011funu a\u011fz\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 o kadar da \u00f6nemli de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer yandan, \u00f6zellikle ABD ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere belli ba\u015fl\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn merkez kapitalist \u00fclkelerde yayg\u0131n bir bi\u00e7imde, \u201ckapitalizmin b\u00f6yle gitmeyece\u011fi<\/em>\u201d yolundaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler, b\u00fcy\u00fck sermaye \u00e7evrelerinde de dile getirilmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u201cS\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir kapitalizm<\/em>\u201d i\u00e7in neler yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dair tart\u0131\u015fmalar gazetelerde, televizyonlarda s\u00fcr\u00fcyor, bu konuya ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f akademik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar her \u00fcniversitede \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan tez konular\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor ve \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fik \u00e7evreler, kapitalizmin \u201cb\u00f6yle<\/em>\u201d s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclemeyece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade ediyor. Johnson, bu endi\u015feli m\u0131r\u0131ldanmalar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131k s\u00f6zl\u00fc ve kararl\u0131 bir \u201cmuhafazak\u00e2r<\/em>\u201d olarak, kapitalizmin herhangi bir reforma, d\u00fczeltmeye ihtiya\u00e7 duymadan yoluna devam edece\u011fini s\u00f6yleme g\u00f6revini \u00fcstlendi.<\/p>\n

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S\u00dcRD\u00dcR\u00dcLEB\u0130L\u0130R B\u0130R KAP\u0130TAL\u0130ZM<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ancak, sermayenin bas\u0131n ve politika \u00e7evrelerinde geni\u015f bir kesim kapitalizmin o kadar da m\u00fckemmel i\u015flemedi\u011fini, kimi d\u00fczeltmelerin ve reformlar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

\u201cS\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir kapitalizm<\/em>\u201d kavram\u0131 \u00f6zellikle pandemi s\u00fcrecinde s\u0131k s\u0131k dile getirilir oldu ve pek \u00e7ok \u00f6neri geli\u015ftirildi. Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce, \u201cs\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik<\/em>\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, kendi i\u00e7inde kapitalizmin ayakta kalmas\u0131n\u0131n ciddi sorunlar bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclemeyebilece\u011finin de kabul\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7eriyor olmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Biz bu tart\u0131\u015fmalarda, kapitalizmin tarihsel olarak \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc doldurdu\u011funu, \u00f6zellikle emperyalizm \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda \u201ccan \u00e7eki\u015fen kapitalizm<\/em>\u201d halini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen Leninizm\u2019in hakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n endi\u015feli bir bi\u00e7imde kabul edildi\u011fini g\u00f6rebiliriz.<\/p>\n

Kapitalizmi tamir etmek i\u00e7in \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclen tedbirlere bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise, kurtarmak istedikleri kapitalizmin ger\u00e7ekte ne oldu\u011funa dair tespitlerinin son derece y\u00fczeysel oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Onlar i\u00e7in kapitalizm, salg\u0131n s\u00fcrecinde aksayan bir \u015feydir!<\/p>\n

Bu tan\u0131mlama d\u00fczeyinde olu\u015fturulan ele\u015ftiri ve \u00f6neriler de esas olarak \u00fcretim, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m ve t\u00fcketim zincirinin \u00fczerindeki aksakl\u0131klar\u0131n giderilmesine y\u00f6nelmektedir. Yani sorunlar\u0131n kapitalizmin yap\u0131sal ve esasa ili\u015fkin \u00f6zelliklerinden de\u011fil, baz\u0131 par\u00e7alar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ar\u0131zalardan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmekte ve d\u00fczenlemelerin alan\u0131 olarak da bunlar g\u00f6sterilmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla iyile\u015ftirme \u00f6nerileri de bu a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede basitle\u015ftirilmi\u015f mekanizma \u00fczerindeki ayarlamalarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kal\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

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KAP\u0130TAL\u0130STLER NEDEN TELA\u015eLANIYOR, NEDEN YEN\u0130LENME \u0130ST\u0130YORLAR?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Finansal Times yazar\u0131 Mariana Mazzucato \u201cKovid, Kapitalizmin Kusurlar\u0131n\u0131 Ortaya \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131yor<\/em>\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalesinde[2]<\/a>, \u201cpandemi, ekonomik sistemimizin sadece krizde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yap\u0131sal olarak kusurlu oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi<\/em>\u201d dedikten sonra, bunun ayn\u0131 zamanda sistemin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczeltmek i\u00e7in f\u0131rsatlar sundu\u011funu da belirtiyor: \u201cSon 12 ayda bir ekonomik ders varsa o da \u015fu: kapitalizmi farkl\u0131 yapman\u0131n tam zaman\u0131!<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

Ona g\u00f6re, kapitalizmin kusurlar\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6ylece \u00f6zetlemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn: Artan e\u015fitsizlik, insanlar\u0131n ge\u00e7imlerini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kredilere y\u00f6nelmesi, \u00f6zel borcun harcanabilir gelire oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckselmesi, devlet etkinliklerinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 ve dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k \u015firketlerinin bunun yerine ge\u00e7mesi, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi gibi krizlerin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi…<\/p>\n

Bunun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, e\u015fitlik\u00e7i, ye\u015fil ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir b\u00fcy\u00fcme<\/em> y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir kapitalizm tasarlanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yledikten sonra alt\u0131 maddelik bir plan \u00f6neriyor. Sa\u011fl\u0131k sistemleri g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmeli, kriz d\u00f6nemlerinden \u015firketlere yap\u0131lan destek i\u00e7in kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zeten kat\u0131 \u015fartlar dayat\u0131lmal\u0131, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme, d\u0131\u015f kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00e7e kesintileri gibi h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri Kovid-19 gibi krizler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda zay\u0131f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren uygulamalar s\u0131n\u0131rlanmal\u0131, k\u00fcresel para ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda finans, sigorta ve gayrimenkule yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yerine \u00fcretken sekt\u00f6rlere yat\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131, gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 d\u00fczeltilmeli, patentler bir patent havuzu \u015feklinde kolektif bilgi almay\u0131 sa\u011flayacak \u015fekilde toplanmal\u0131…<\/p>\n

Ku\u015fkusuz kapitalizmin i\u015fleyi\u015f yasalar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikle emperyalizm d\u00f6neminde belirleyici hale gelen mali sermayenin do\u011fu\u015fu, azami k\u00e2r, sermaye ihrac\u0131, tekelle\u015fme vs. gibi belirleyici olgular\u0131n\u0131 bilenler bu \u00f6nerilerin e\u015fitlik\u00e7i, ye\u015fil vs. bir kapitalizme ne kadar imk\u00e2n tan\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 soracaklard\u0131r. Kapitalizmin kapitalist ele\u015ftirmenlerinin pandemiyle birlikte, ayn\u0131 t\u00fcrden bir felaket olarak kabul ettikleri iklim sorununun tekellerin \u015fiddetli diren\u00e7leri y\u00fcz\u00fcnden s\u00fcrekli g\u00fcndem d\u0131\u015f\u0131 tutulmas\u0131 onlar i\u00e7in bir uyar\u0131 olabilirdi. Ne var ki, \u201ck\u00e2r maksimizasyonunu<\/em>\u201d bir hak olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra, bunun tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 bile imk\u00e2ns\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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SORUNLARIN SINIFLANDIRILMASI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Krizin tan\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan \u201c\u00fcretim, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m, t\u00fcketim<\/em>\u201d zincirindeki aksakl\u0131klar \u015fablonu, tamamen pandemi s\u00fcrecinin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr \u00f6zelliklerinden kurulmu\u015ftur. Gerek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131 sonra da kitlesel bir etkiye ula\u015fmas\u0131, \u00fcretim, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m ve t\u00fcketim \u015femas\u0131 i\u00e7inde \u00f6zetlenmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fema, a\u015f\u0131 ve ila\u00e7 konular\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sorunlara da uygulanmaktad\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r ki a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ve tedavi edici ila\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00fcretilmesi, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 ve t\u00fcketilmesi, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda sorunlar yuma\u011f\u0131 halinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ama bunlar\u0131n neden de\u011fil sonu\u00e7 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in kapitalizmin esasa ili\u015fkin \u00f6zelliklerine bakmak gerekir. A\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n ve ila\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00fcretilmesinin, bilimsel-teknik sorunlar\u0131 bir yana, bir \u015firketler sava\u015f\u0131 haline gelmesi, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yine patent sava\u015f\u0131, \u201ca\u015f\u0131 milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi<\/em>\u201d gibi kavramlarla birlikte an\u0131lan yeni sorunlara yol a\u00e7mas\u0131 ve nihayet milyarlarca insan taraf\u0131ndan \u201ct\u00fcketilmesi<\/em>\u201dnin zincirleme sorunlar halini almas\u0131, bu \u015femay\u0131 sanki i\u015flevli gibi g\u00f6stermektedir. Ne var ki bu \u015fema, di\u011fer yandan ana ve temel sorunlar\u0131n g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmesini sa\u011flayarak, kapitalizm d\u0131\u015f\u0131 se\u00e7eneklerin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesini tamamen konu<\/strong> d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kapitalizmin kapitalist ele\u015ftirmenlerinin, pandemi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda al\u0131nacak \u00f6nlemleri saptamak i\u00e7in sorunlar\u0131 da ayn\u0131 \u015femaya uygun olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.\u00a0 \u00d6ncelikle kendi \u015femalar\u0131nda \u201c\u00fcretim<\/em>\u201d a\u015famas\u0131 olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 alanda, a\u015f\u0131 ve ila\u00e7 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc salg\u0131n\u0131 toplumsal olarak denetim alt\u0131na alman\u0131n en etkili yolu buydu. Bu ilk ad\u0131mda kapitalist mant\u0131k, \u00f6nlemleri maliyeti en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve k\u00e2r vaadi en y\u00fcksek \u00f6nlemleri ba\u015fa alarak yeniden s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rd\u0131. Fayda-maliyet analizleri, insan ya\u015fam\u0131 \u00fczerine de yap\u0131l\u0131nca ortaya korkun\u00e7 bir tablo \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7ok basitle\u015ftirerek s\u00f6ylersek, \u00f6rne\u011fin, hi\u00e7 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayanlar\u0131n faydas\u0131n\u0131 0, ya\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n maliyetini de 10 (ila\u00e7lar, hastaneler, ula\u015f\u0131m vs.) olarak tespit ediyorsak, hastaland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tedavi edilmesi tercih edilecek bir se\u00e7enek olmaktan \u00e7ok uzakt\u0131r![3]<\/a> Faydas\u0131 olmayan\u0131n ya da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan\u0131n \u00f6lmesi, ya\u015famas\u0131ndan daha k\u00e2rl\u0131d\u0131r!<\/p>\n

Bu noktada \u00f6ncelikler, \u201cpiyasan\u0131n<\/em>\u201d yol g\u00f6stericili\u011fine b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kapitalizm, aksakl\u0131klar\u0131 ve yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131 giderecek, kendisini onaracak \u00e7areleri yine kendi b\u00fcnyesinden \u00e7\u0131karabilirdi!<\/p>\n

Fakat bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ki klasik liberallerin tarihi slogan\u0131 \u201cb\u0131rak\u0131n\u0131z yaps\u0131nlar, b\u0131rak\u0131n\u0131z ge\u00e7sinler<\/em>\u201d \u00e7ok ge\u00e7erli olam\u0131yordu. Klasik liberallerin ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u201ch\u00fck\u00fcmetleri \u00e7\u00f6pe atmak<\/em>\u201d fikri bu \u015fartlarda do\u011fru de\u011fildi! \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hem k\u00e2r maksimizasyonunu korumak hem de hastal\u0131kla m\u00fccadele etmek kendi ba\u015flar\u0131na y\u00fcr\u00fcyebilecekleri bir yol gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyordu. Bu noktada, devletlerin \u201cbelli ko\u015fullarda<\/em>\u201d ne kadar yararl\u0131 oldu\u011fu bir kez daha ke\u015ffedildi.<\/p>\n

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KAP\u0130TAL\u0130STLER DEVLET\u0130 NE ZAMAN SEVER?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Piyasaya devlet m\u00fcdahalesinin ezelden beri d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 olanlar bile, Trump\u2019\u0131n Warp Speed[4]<\/a> operasyonunu bu t\u00fcrden kriz ortamlar\u0131nda devletin elinin ne kadar yararl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren bir \u00f6rnek olarak alk\u0131\u015flad\u0131lar. Trump y\u00f6netimi taraf\u0131ndan, yaln\u0131zca ABD\u2019de kullan\u0131lmak ko\u015fuluyla, 100 milyon doz Kovid-19 a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in Pfizer \u015firketine 2 milyar dolarl\u0131k bir sipari\u015f verilmi\u015fti. Bu, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z finans deste\u011finden \u00e7ok, paras\u0131 \u00fcretimden \u00f6nce pe\u015fin verilmi\u015f bir sat\u0131n almayd\u0131. Ayn\u0131 firman\u0131n Almanya\u2019daki orta\u011f\u0131na Almanya Federal Cumhuriyeti Eyl\u00fcl 2020’de a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi ve \u00fcretim kapasitesini h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in 375 milyon Euro vermi\u015f, \u0130ngiltere h\u00fck\u00fcmeti de 100 milyon doz Oxford-AstraZeneca a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in pe\u015fin \u00f6deme yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Harvard Bussiness Review yazar\u0131 Rebecca M. Henderson, \u201cPandeminin G\u00f6lgesinde Kapitalizmi Yeniden D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek\u201d<\/em>[5]<\/a> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalesinde, burada adil olmayan bir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m oldu\u011funu yazd\u0131. Ona g\u00f6re, \u201cson te\u015fviklerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131, rahats\u0131z edici derecede \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketlere ve \u00e7ok zengin bireylere<\/em>\u201d gitmi\u015fti. Te\u015fvikler, yaln\u0131zca a\u015f\u0131 ve ila\u00e7 \u00fcreten \u015firketlere de\u011fil, g\u0131da tedarik zincirindeki ta\u015f\u0131ma ve sat\u0131\u015f sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde yer alan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketlere de verilmi\u015fti.\u00a0 Burada \u201cyanl\u0131\u015f giden<\/em>\u201d bir \u015feyler oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen yazar, piyasalar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcr olmas\u0131 kadar h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin de adil olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, b\u00f6ylece \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve refah\u0131n elbirli\u011fiyle sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Henderson, kapitalizmin \u201cinsan \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck icatlar\u0131ndan biri ve benzersiz bir refah, f\u0131rsat ve yenilik kayna\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledikten sonra, pandeminin a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 \u201caksakl\u0131klar<\/em>\u201d \u00fczerinde durdu. Kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131nan \u00e7ok ciddi e\u015fitsizlik gibi sorunlar\u0131n, \u201cuzun vadeye ve kamu yarar\u0131na odaklanan bir kapitalizm versiyonu<\/em>\u201d \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme gere\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini yazd\u0131.<\/p>\n

ABD\u2019deki eyaletler aras\u0131ndaki a\u015f\u0131 rekabetine de de\u011finen Henderson, t\u0131bbi ekipman i\u00e7in birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 teklif vermelerinin federal h\u00fck\u00fcmetin salg\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 politikas\u0131na zarar verdi\u011fini, \u201cdaha adil ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir kapitalizm i\u00e7in<\/em>\u201d, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada ve \u00f6zellikle ABD\u2019de \u015firketlerin h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin rol\u00fc hakk\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmeleri gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketlere d\u00fc\u015fen bir ba\u015fka g\u00f6rev ise, \u201ctoplumumuzu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve kapitalizmimizi ger\u00e7ekten \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve ger\u00e7ekten adil k\u0131lan kurumlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na<\/em>\u201d katk\u0131da bulunmakt\u0131. \u201cDemokrasimizi yeniden in\u015fa etmeliyiz, kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flam bir \u015fekilde ger\u00e7eklere ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 sayg\u0131ya dayanacak \u015fekilde g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeliyiz, herkes i\u00e7in kapsay\u0131c\u0131 bir toplum in\u015fa etmek i\u00e7in sahip oldu\u011fumuz her \u015feye ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmal\u0131y\u0131z ve evet, demokratik olarak hesap verebilir, yetenekli, duyarl\u0131 bir h\u00fck\u00fcmete ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var!\u201d <\/em>Bu s\u00f6zlerin Trump\u2019\u0131n iktidarda oldu\u011fu g\u00fcnlerde s\u00f6ylendi\u011fini bilmekte fayda var.<\/p>\n

Bu arada, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlere olan g\u00fcveni de yeniden in\u015fa etmek gerekiyordu. Bunun i\u00e7in h\u00fck\u00fcmetlere d\u00fc\u015fen g\u00f6rev ise birka\u00e7 ba\u015fl\u0131ktan ibaretti: \u00e7evre sorunlar\u0131na duyarl\u0131 olmak, makul \u00fccret politikalar\u0131 olu\u015fturmak, s\u00fcrekli e\u011fitim olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmek, e\u015fitsizli\u011fe ve \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 daha etkin m\u00fccadele vermek, herkese sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmeti sunmak, demokratik hesap verme yollar\u0131n\u0131 etkinle\u015ftirmek!<\/p>\n

\u201cKapitalizmimizi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in<\/em>\u201d diyor Henderson, \u015firketlerin k\u00e2r maksimizasyonu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 elbette anlay\u0131\u015fla kar\u015f\u0131lamal\u0131y\u0131z, \u201c\u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar\u0131n milyonlarca hisse senedi sahibine kar\u015f\u0131 sorumluluklar\u0131 vard\u0131r<\/em>,\u201d ama \u00f6zg\u00fcrce se\u00e7ilmi\u015f yetenekli h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin de demokratik denetim ve desteklerini kabul etmeliyiz! \u201cKovid kapitalizminin dersi, b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fletmelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck h\u00fck\u00fcmete ihtiyac\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve bunun tersinin de ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fudur.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

Kapitalizmin ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn e\u015fi\u011finde oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen pek \u00e7ok akademisyen, gazeteci ve politikac\u0131 aras\u0131nda bulunan bir di\u011fer isim, siyasal bilimler profes\u00f6r\u00fc Douglas Webber. \u201cKapitalizm ve Koronavir\u00fcs Krizi: Yakla\u015fan D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm (ler)<\/em>\u201d[6]<\/a> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalesine, \u201cD\u00fcnya ekonomisi \u015fu anda 1930’lar\u0131n B\u00fcy\u00fck Buhran\u0131ndan bu yana en \u015fiddetli daralmas\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131yor<\/em>\u201d s\u00f6zleriyle ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 makalesinde, \u201c\u00e7a\u011fda\u015f kapitalizmin kronik hastal\u0131klar\u0131<\/em>\u201d olarak sosyo-ekonomik e\u015fitsizli\u011fi, her t\u00fcrden borcun ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc artmas\u0131n\u0131, siyasal kutupla\u015fma ve yeni mali istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sayd\u0131. Fakat b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fcvenle slogan atmaktan geri durmad\u0131: \u201cKapitalizm yine de \u00f6nceki krizlerde oldu\u011fu gibi, bu krizden sa\u011f \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n

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SALGIN SONRASI SE\u00c7ENEKLER<\/strong><\/p>\n

Douglas Webber, yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, salg\u0131n sonras\u0131na ili\u015fkin tahminlerde de bulundu. \u201cSon on y\u0131llarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Kovid-19 sonras\u0131 kapitalizmde devlet daha bask\u0131n bir akt\u00f6r olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak.\u201d<\/em> Buna gerek\u00e7e olarak, salg\u0131n bitti\u011finde de etkisini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrecek olan iki \u00f6nemli bask\u0131y\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi. Birincisi, olas\u0131 yeni salg\u0131nlar ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u015firketler aras\u0131nda artacak rekabeti dengelemek ve \u201cdaha e\u015fit bir oyun alan\u0131 yaratmak<\/em>\u201d rol\u00fc devletlere d\u00fc\u015fecek. \u0130kincisi, \u00c7in fakt\u00f6r\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 koymak yaln\u0131zca devletlerin deste\u011fiyle m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr ve bundan vazge\u00e7ilemez! S\u00f6zlerine, muhtemel yanl\u0131\u015f anlamalar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc kesecek bir uyar\u0131yla devam etti: \u201cDevletin Kovid-19 sonras\u0131 kapitalizmde daha bask\u0131n bir akt\u00f6r olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek, daha \u00f6nce farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere sahip olan kapitalist politikalar\u0131n tek tip bir \u2018devlet\u00e7i\u2019 model \u00fczerinde birle\u015fti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmez.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

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S\u0130YASAL OLASILIKLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ancak, ona g\u00f6re \u00fczerinde anla\u015f\u0131labilecek temel taleplerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fc. Bunlar, kitlesel i\u015fsizli\u011fi azaltan, \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc eme\u011fi g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren tedbirler ve Keynesyen politikalara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f olabilecektir. Ne var ki, diyor, Webber, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, devletin hangi bi\u00e7imi alaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda 1930’larda ya\u015fanana benzer bir siyasi kutupla\u015fma do\u011fabilecektir. Webber, olas\u0131 iki kutuptan s\u00f6z ediyor: \u201cSar\u0131 kapitalizm<\/em>\u201d veya \u201cSiyah kapitalizm!<\/em>\u201d 1930\u2019larda kutupla\u015fma esas olarak sosyalizmle fa\u015fizm aras\u0131ndayd\u0131. \u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki s\u00fcre\u00e7te kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelecek olanlar ise, Webber\u2019e g\u00f6re bu iki farkl\u0131 renkteki kapitalizmler olacak. Ona g\u00f6re, \u201cSar\u0131 kapitalizm<\/em>\u201d, ekonomiye devlet m\u00fcdahalesinin h\u00e2kim oldu\u011fu, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekte gelir ve refah\u0131 yeniden da\u011f\u0131tmay\u0131 ve daha kapsaml\u0131 \u00f6nlemler almay\u0131 hedefleyen bir kapitalizmdir! Bu kapitalizm \u201ctemelde enternasyonalist olacakt\u0131r<\/em>.\u201d \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya olunan ciddi zorluklar k\u00fcresel niteliktedir ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri de ancak kapsaml\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011fi yoluyla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olacakt\u0131r! Enternasyonalist derken, kapitalist devletler aras\u0131ndaki dayan\u0131\u015fmadan s\u00f6z etti\u011fini anlayabiliriz.<\/p>\n

\u201cSiyah Kapitalizm<\/em>\u201d ise, yine, \u201cSar\u0131 kapitalizm<\/em>\u201d gibi, son derece m\u00fcdahaleci olacak, ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme lehine iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini umursamayacak, kapsaml\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7menlik kontrolleriyle i\u015f\u00e7ileri yabanc\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin rekabetine kar\u015f\u0131 koruyacak, \u015firketlere de uluslararas\u0131 rekabete kar\u015f\u0131 daha fazla koruma sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Sar\u0131 kapitalizmin aksine, bu milliyet\u00e7i bir kapitalizm olacakt\u0131r. \u201cSiyah kapitalizme y\u00f6nelik toplumsal destek, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kasabalar, k\u00f6yler ve k\u0131rsal kesimde ya\u015fayanlar aras\u0131nda ve gerileyen sanayi b\u00f6lgelerinde i\u00e7 piyasa odakl\u0131 sermaye sahiplerinden gelecektir!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Bunlardan hangisinin h\u00e2kim olaca\u011f\u0131na ise, siyasi m\u00fccadelelerin ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n sonucu karar verecektir! Webber, a\u00e7\u0131k s\u00f6zl\u00fcl\u00fckle ekliyor: \u201cHangisi gelirse gelsin, kazanan kapitalizm olacakt\u0131r!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

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KAP\u0130TAL\u0130ZM SONSUZA DEK DEG\u0130\u015eMEK ZORUNDA!<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kapitalizmin salg\u0131n s\u00fcrecinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u00e7mazlar\u0131, yetersizlikleri ve salg\u0131n\u0131 bir insanl\u0131k ve sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunu olarak de\u011fil, \u201cfayda-maliyet<\/em>\u201d analizlerine konu olabilecek ekonomik bir sorun olarak ele almas\u0131, \u201cbu b\u00f6yle gitmez<\/em>\u201d diyenlerin saflar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletti. Papa Francis bile, koronavir\u00fcs salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n piyasa kapitalizminin \u201csihirli teorilerinin<\/em>\u201d ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n diyalog ve dayan\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 te\u015fvik eden ve her ne pahas\u0131na olursa olsun sava\u015f\u0131 reddeden yeni bir politikaya ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. B\u00fcy\u00fck finans \u00e7evrelerinin ve tekellerin s\u00f6zc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapan gazetelerde de \u201cyeni bir kapitalizm<\/em>\u201d talebini seslendiren \u00f6nemli makaleler yay\u0131nland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bunlardan, CNN Businness yazar\u0131 Anneken Tappe \u201cKapitalizm art\u0131k i\u015fe yaram\u0131yor<\/em>\u201d diye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, \u201csonsuza kadar de\u011fi\u015fmek zorunda<\/em>\u201d s\u00f6zleriyle bitiriyor.<\/p>\n

Tappe, salg\u0131n\u0131n kapitalizmi, \u201cb\u00f6yle bir de\u011fi\u015fime en \u00e7ok ihtiyac\u0131 olan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin lehine<\/em>\u201d de\u011fi\u015ftirece\u011fini, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc korona krizinin \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi mevcut e\u015fitsizlikten en a\u011f\u0131r bi\u00e7imde etkilenenlerin kad\u0131nlar ve az\u0131nl\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7iler oldu\u011funu yazd\u0131. \u201cKapitalizm krizde. Pandemi, onu i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ve en \u00e7ok ihtiyac\u0131 olanlar\u0131n lehine sonsuza kadar de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n

Oxford\u2019da ekonomi profes\u00f6r\u00fc olan Paul Collier, D\u00fcnya Ekonomik Forumu\u2019na \u201ckapitalizmin s\u0131f\u0131rlanmas\u0131<\/em>\u201d \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yaparken ayn\u0131 g\u00f6stergelerden hareket etti. \u201cG\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz kapitalizminin temel \u00f6zelli\u011fi, insanlar\u0131 geri ve yoksul b\u0131rakmas\u0131d\u0131r ve bunu d\u00fczeltmek politikac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen g\u00f6revidir!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Kapitalizmin \u201cde\u011fi\u015fmek zorunda oldu\u011fu<\/em>\u201d yolundaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr olumsuzluklardan yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131, derine inmekten daima ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k. Sonu\u00e7ta da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm i\u00e7in \u00f6nerdikleri de birbirine benziyor. \u00dcst\u00fcnde anla\u015f\u0131r g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fckleri \u00fc\u00e7 ana \u00f6nlem bulunuyor. Yeni ve etkili bir sosyal g\u00fcvenlik a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131, k\u00fcreselle\u015fme ve otomasyonun geriletti\u011fi \u00fcretim sekt\u00f6rlerinin desteklenmesi, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fcyen bor\u00e7lanma y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclt\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in tedbirler geli\u015ftirilmesi…<\/p>\n

Eski Ba\u015fkan Bill Clinton\u2019\u0131n destek\u00e7i kurulu\u015flar\u0131ndan The National Intelligence Council b\u00fcnyesindeki Foreign Affasirs dergisinde yay\u0131nlanan \u201cPandemiden Sonra Kapitalizm\u201d<\/em>[7]<\/a> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131nda Mariana Mazzucato, 2008 mali krizinden sonra yap\u0131lan yanl\u0131\u015flara de\u011finiyor ve bu kez \u201ciyile\u015fmeyi do\u011fru yapmak<\/em>\u201d gerekti\u011fi uyar\u0131s\u0131nda bulunuyor. Ona g\u00f6re, yap\u0131lan en b\u00fcy\u00fck yanl\u0131\u015f, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin mali sisteme 3 trilyon dolardan fazla nakit ak\u0131tmas\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn finans sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne gitmesiydi. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u0130ngiltere\u2019de, bankac\u0131lar, sigortac\u0131lar, gayrimenkul i\u015fi yapanlar, en b\u00fcy\u00fck pay\u0131 alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Mazzucato, krizden \u00e7\u0131karken ekonomileri b\u00fcy\u00fctmek yerine, daha iyi bir ekonomik sistem in\u015fa etmenin do\u011fru olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Ona g\u00f6re, \u201cdaha iyi bir ekonomi<\/em>\u201d, \u00f6nceki b\u00fcy\u00fck krizden \u00e7\u0131kan bir ders olarak, \u201ck\u00e2rlar\u0131n\u0131 vergi cennetlerine ka\u00e7\u0131ran \u015firketleri kurtarmak<\/em>\u201d yerine kamu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n\u0131 koruyan ve toplumsal sorunlarla m\u00fccadele eden programlara \u00f6ncelik vermek bi\u00e7iminde olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u201cH\u00fck\u00fcmetler \u00e7ok uzun s\u00fcredir riskleri toplumsalla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131 ama \u00f6d\u00fclleri \u00f6zelle\u015ftirdi: Halk, pislikleri temizlemenin bedelini \u00f6dedi. \u0130htiya\u00e7 duyulan zamanlarda, bir\u00e7ok i\u015fletme h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcmetten yard\u0131m isterler, ancak iyi zamanlarda h\u00fck\u00fcmetin \u00e7ekilmesini talep ederler.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0 Mazzucato, yine ayn\u0131 \u201ca\u00e7g\u00f6zl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn<\/em>\u201d tekrarlanmas\u0131ndan endi\u015fe ediyor. Bunun yerine, \u201ckamu taraf\u0131ndan finanse edilen kaynaklar, sosyal programlara, e\u011fitim ve sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerine<\/em>\u201d y\u00f6neltilmelidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc diyor Mazzucato, \u201cbunlar, a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6l\u00fcyor.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Salg\u0131n s\u0131ras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u201cyanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131<\/em>\u201d \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6zetliyor:<\/p>\n

– ABD ila\u00e7 fiyatlar\u0131 d\u00fcnyadaki en y\u00fcksek fiyatlard\u0131r. \u0130la\u00e7 firmalar\u0131 da patent s\u00fcrecini k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanarak kamu yarar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 hareket etmektedir.<\/p>\n

– Salg\u0131n s\u0131ras\u0131nda okullar\u0131n toplu olarak kapat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n da ortaya koydu\u011fu gibi, sadece baz\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencilerin evde e\u011fitim i\u00e7in gerekli olan teknolojiye eri\u015fimi var, bu e\u015fitsizli\u011fi art\u0131ran bir e\u015fitsizlik. \u0130nternete eri\u015fim bir ayr\u0131cal\u0131k de\u011fil, bir hak olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

– \u0130la\u00e7 geli\u015ftirme s\u00fcreci, hem ara\u015ft\u0131rma-geli\u015ftirme a\u015famas\u0131nda hem de a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m zaman\u0131 geldi\u011finde \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda i\u015fbirli\u011fini ve dayan\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 te\u015fvik edecek \u015fekilde y\u00f6netilmelidir. Patentler \u00fcniversiteler, devlet laboratuvarlar\u0131 ve \u00f6zel \u015firketler aras\u0131nda bir havuzda toplanmal\u0131 ve bilgi, veri ve teknolojinin d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda serbest\u00e7e dola\u015fmas\u0131na izin verilmelidir. Bu ad\u0131mlar olmadan, bir Kovid-19 a\u015f\u0131s\u0131, bir tekel taraf\u0131ndan sat\u0131lan pahal\u0131 bir \u00fcr\u00fcn olma riskiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya, yaln\u0131zca en zengin \u00fclkelerin ve vatanda\u015flar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131layabilece\u011fi l\u00fcks bir mal.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zetleyecek olursak, \u00f6rneklerin g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi, \u00f6nemli finans ve i\u015f \u00e7evrelerinin s\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc olan gazetelerde ve \u00fcniversite \u00e7evrelerinde kapitalizmin \u00e7ok ciddi bir kriz i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu ve bundan en az hasarla ve kapitalizmi yeniden aya\u011fa kald\u0131racak bi\u00e7imde \u00e7\u0131kman\u0131n ancak neoliberal politikalarla hesapla\u015fan yeni politikalarla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc kuvvet kazanmaktad\u0131r. Bu, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 yemekten sonra kalp krizi ge\u00e7iren birinin, \u201cart\u0131k diyet yapmal\u0131y\u0131m<\/em>\u201d demesine benzemektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2018SOL\u2019 NE D\u0130YOR?<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada solun kapitalizmin te\u015fhiri i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 olgular, kapitalizmin savunucular\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan da g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ve bunlar\u0131 gidermenin yolu olarak sistemin yenilenmesi gerekti\u011fi s\u00f6yleniyor. \u201cS\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir kapitalizm<\/em>\u201d aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, sosyalizmin bir tehdit olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. S\u0131k\u00e7a zikredilen 1930 bunal\u0131m\u0131 ve sava\u015f sonras\u0131 deneyimler, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc sosyalist sisteminin y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 tehditleri alt\u0131nda ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve her reform, bu korkunun izini ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Bu ayn\u0131 zamanda krize kar\u015f\u0131 anti-kapitalist muhalefetin de dayana\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. Politik ve ideolojik olarak devrimci sosyalizm, her y\u00f6n\u00fcyle kapitalizmin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik politikalar geli\u015ftirebiliyor ve i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7i kitleleriyle bu temelde birle\u015febiliyordu.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz kapitalist d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda reformist solun \u00f6nerileriyle kapitalistlerin uygulamaya \u00e7oktan raz\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fckleri \u00f6nlemler b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde benze\u015fiyor. Kapitalistlerin asla uygulamayacaklar\u0131 radikal \u00f6neriler ya hi\u00e7 yok ya da dar birka\u00e7 \u00e7evrenin kendilerinin s\u00f6yleyip kendilerinin dinledi\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar olarak kal\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Sistem i\u00e7inde \u201cadil<\/em>\u201d da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m aray\u0131\u015f\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi sosyal \u00f6nlemlerle birle\u015ftiren bir ekonomi, vergi y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn sosyal adalet ad\u0131na ultra zenginlere do\u011fru y\u00f6nlendirilmesi, sosyal giri\u015fimcilik ve kendi kendine yard\u0131m projeleri, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi, ba\u015fta ABD ve \u0130ngiltere olmak \u00fczere, b\u00fcy\u00fck kapitalist \u00fclkelerdeki \u201csol muhalefet<\/em>\u201din program olarak ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc talepler \u00f6zetle bunlar. \u00d6yle g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor ki bunlar, tekelci kapitalistlerin ajandas\u0131na biraz de\u011fi\u015fik ifadelerle de olsa, zaten yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunuyor. Tekelci kapitalistler, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 yoksulluk ve \u00e7evresel felaket gibi kapitalizmin en korkun\u00e7 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 hafifleterek kapitalizmi s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir<\/em> d\u00fczeye getirmeyi ama\u00e7l\u0131yorlar. Bu belki, halk muhalefetinin ana kitlesini olu\u015fturan siyahlar\u0131n, g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7ilerin, gen\u00e7lerin ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00f6fkesini bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in biraz yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilir. Ancak kal\u0131c\u0131 hale gelme e\u011filimi g\u00f6steren derin yoksulla\u015fma, yaln\u0131zca onlar\u0131n sorunu de\u011fil. \u201cBeyaz<\/em>\u201d i\u015f\u00e7iler ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fclmez bi\u00e7imde proleterle\u015fen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva kitleler i\u00e7in kapitalizm, herhangi bir bi\u00e7imiyle kabul edilebilir olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kma yoluna girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0130nsan \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131n en g\u00fczel icad\u0131<\/em>\u201d olarak y\u00fcceltilen kapitalizm; \u201c\u015fimdiye kadar yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f en b\u00fcy\u00fck refah ve yenilik motoru olan kapitalizm<\/em>\u201d koronavir\u00fcs salg\u0131n\u0131yla b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kitleler nezdinde b\u00fcy\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc kaybetti. Bir Amerikal\u0131 gazetecinin dedi\u011fi gibi, bir\u00e7ok Amerikal\u0131, sistemin hileli bir rulet masas\u0131 gibi i\u015fledi\u011fini, s\u0131k\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ve kurallara g\u00f6re oynaman\u0131n art\u0131k ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 garanti etmedi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Forbes dergisi, 30 ya\u015f\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki 1.000 Amerikal\u0131 yeti\u015fkine kapitalizm ve sosyalizm hakk\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini soran iki anket yapt\u0131. Salg\u0131n \u00f6ncesinde yap\u0131lan ilk ankette, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funluk, ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 sistemi onayl\u0131yordu.\u00a0 Salg\u0131n\u0131n ilk aylar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan 80.000 \u00f6l\u00fcm ve 20 milyon i\u015fsizlik davas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda tekrarlanan anket, baz\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201ci\u00e7 karart\u0131c\u0131\u201d sonu\u00e7lar verdi. Ankete kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n %47’si sosyalizmi, %46’s\u0131 kapitalizmi onayl\u0131yordu, geriye kalanlar ise anketi sa\u00e7ma bulduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

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SOSYAL\u0130ST SE\u00c7ENEK<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cS\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kapitalizm<\/em>\u201d kavram\u0131 her \u015feyden \u00f6nce bu b\u00fcy\u00fcyen kitlesel e\u011filim kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duyulan tedirginli\u011fin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Kapitalizmin ideologlar\u0131na ve propagandac\u0131lar\u0131na ne kadar uzak g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrse g\u00f6r\u00fcns\u00fcn, kapitalizmi ger\u00e7ekten mezar\u0131na g\u00f6mecek olan g\u00fc\u00e7, devrimci sosyalist bir muhalefet de buradan do\u011facakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Salg\u0131n, a\u00e7\u0131k bir bi\u00e7imde kapitalizmin \u00e7eli\u015fkilerini keskinle\u015ftirdi, \u201csa\u011fl\u0131k krizinin<\/em>\u201d k\u00fcresel bir sosyal ve politik krize d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesinin yolunu a\u00e7t\u0131. Hastal\u0131k, a\u015f\u0131yla, ila\u00e7la ge\u00e7i\u015ftirilebilir, ama bunun a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 ve ilac\u0131 yoktur.<\/p>\n

Salg\u0131n\u0131 denetim alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilen her kapitalist \u00f6nlem, kapitalist toplumun iki ana s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki derinden i\u015fleyen m\u00fccadelenin bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fc halini ald\u0131. \u015eimdi art\u0131k, eme\u011fin s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcne dayanan kapitalizmle, insan\u0131n en ba\u015fta sa\u011fl\u0131k ve e\u011fitim gibi temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 bilimsel olarak planlam\u0131\u015f, k\u00e2r\u0131 de\u011fil, insan\u0131 \u00f6nceleyen sosyalizm aras\u0131nda tercih yapmak daha kolay olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kapitalizm, hayat kurtarmak yerine piyasalar\u0131 kurtarmaya \u00f6ncelik vermi\u015ftir. Kendi aralar\u0131ndaki tart\u0131\u015fmalarda bu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir ve onlar i\u00e7in temel sorun, \u00fcretim, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m, t\u00fcketim zincirini kurtarmakt\u0131r. Sosyalizm, insan hayat\u0131ndan yanad\u0131r ve pandemi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda m\u00fccadele stratejisinin temel unsuru budur. Kapitalistler, salg\u0131n\u0131 ekonomik ve politik \u00e7\u0131karlar g\u00f6zeterek y\u00f6netiyorlar, bilim insanlar\u0131na, D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn uyar\u0131lar\u0131na kulak t\u0131k\u0131yorlar. Sosyalizmin bu konuda tek dayana\u011f\u0131 bilimin g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi yoldur. \u00d6ncelikle, her \u015fart alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya zorlanan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00fccretleri tam olarak \u00f6denerek hastal\u0131ktan uzak tutulmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fi bilimsel bir zorunluluktur ve sosyalizm buna uyulmas\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Kapitalizm, a\u015f\u0131 \u00fcretimi ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u201cs\u00fcr\u00fc ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u201d stratejisine uygun olarak yap\u0131yor. Sosyalist perspektif ise, vir\u00fcs\u00fcn topluma yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 durdurmak i\u00e7in yeterli say\u0131da insan a\u015f\u0131lanana kadar vir\u00fcs bula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in t\u00fcm sosyal ve ekonomik \u00f6nlemlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6neriyor. A\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015f\u00e7iler g\u00fcvenli bir bi\u00e7imde i\u015flerine d\u00f6nene kadar, b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015fyerleri kapat\u0131lmal\u0131, \u00fccretleri kesintisiz \u00f6denmelidir. Ayn\u0131 uygulama esnaf ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletmeler i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn kapitalist devletler, \u00f6\u011frenciler ve \u00f6\u011fretmenler i\u00e7in tehlikeyi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck g\u00f6stererek, okullar\u0131n yeniden a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131nda acele ediyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u201cevden e\u011fitim<\/em>\u201d denilen uygulama pahal\u0131d\u0131r ve b\u00fcy\u00fck teknolojik destek gerektirmektedir. Oysa okullar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir vir\u00fcs bula\u015fma kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funa dair bilimsel kan\u0131tlar vard\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden sosyalist perspektif, pandemi kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nana kadar okullar\u0131n kapal\u0131 kalmas\u0131n\u0131, e\u011fitimin kesintisiz s\u00fcrmesi i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcn teknolojik deste\u011fin devlet taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Bu arada \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin maa\u015flar\u0131 kesintisiz \u00f6denmeli, \u00f6\u011frencilere yemek deste\u011fi kesilmemeli, evlerinde kulland\u0131klar\u0131 internet ve elektrik giderleri devlet taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Her \u00fclkede kapitalistler, merkez bankalar\u0131n\u0131n mali piyasalar ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketler i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z destek sa\u011flamas\u0131na y\u00f6nelirken b\u00fcy\u00fck halk kitlesinin maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekonomik y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 hafifletecek sosyal harcamalar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131yor. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k sosyalist \u00f6nlem, kriz s\u00fcresince i\u015f\u00e7ilere ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletmelere tam gelir tazminat\u0131 verilmesi bi\u00e7imindedir. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketlere verilen milyarlarca dolar\u0131n derhal geri al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve salg\u0131n hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 f\u0131rsat bilen b\u00fct\u00fcn vurguncular\u0131n m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirilmesiyle elde edilecek gelirin halka da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 tek yoldur.<\/p>\n

Kapitalistler, a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda e\u015fit da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlayan \u201ca\u015f\u0131 milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi<\/em>\u201d politikas\u0131n\u0131 uyguluyor. Oysa korona vir\u00fcs, ancak bilimsel olarak y\u00f6nlendirilmi\u015f uluslararas\u0131 bir strateji ile ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131labilir ve bunun i\u00e7in a\u015f\u0131 \u00fcreticisi \u015firketlerin derhal kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak k\u00fcresel \u00e7apta a\u015f\u0131laman\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n

Bu ve benzeri k\u00f6kl\u00fc \u00f6nlemleri, \u201cnas\u0131l olur da kapitalizmin \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc uzat\u0131r\u0131z<\/em>\u201d derdine d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olanlar asla kabul etmezler.<\/p>\n

Bir \u201ckapitalist atas\u00f6z\u00fc<\/em>\u201d \u015f\u00f6yle der; \u201c\u0130yi bir krizin bo\u015fa gitmesine asla izin vermeyin!<\/em>\u201d\u00a0 Bu \u00f6\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcn ard\u0131nda yatan ger\u00e7ek, her krizden sonra kapitalistlerin daha zengin, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc y\u00f6ntemlerinde daha ustala\u015fm\u0131\u015f olarak \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Fakat krizler, ayn\u0131 zamanda i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7iler i\u00e7in de kapitalizmden sonsuza kadar kurtulma f\u0131rsat\u0131 sunar.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> ABD\u2019de Obama y\u00f6netiminin \u015fiar\u0131 haline gelen bu s\u00f6z, ilk kez ABD Demokrat Partili Rahm Emmanuel taraf\u0131ndan dile getirildi.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Mazzucato, M. (2020) \u201cCovid exposes capitalism\u2019s flaws\u201d, Financial Times<\/em>, https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/9e7b2630-2f67-4923-aa76-0f240a80a9b3<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Bu konuda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in bkz: Rowthorn, R. and J. Maciejowski (2010) \u201cA cost\u2013benefit analysis of the COVID-19 disease, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7499782\/<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Warp Speed \u200b\u200bOperasyonu, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri h\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan COVID-19 a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ve te\u015fhislerinin geli\u015ftirilmesini, \u00fcretimini ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak ve h\u0131zland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ba\u015flat\u0131lan bir kamu-\u00f6zel ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Henderson, R. M. (2020) \u201cReimagining Capitalism in the Shadow of the Pandemic\u201d, Harvard Business Review<\/em>, https:\/\/hbr.org\/2020\/07\/reimagining-capitalism-in-the-shadow-of-the-pandemic<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> Webber, D. (2020) \u201cCapitalism and the coronavirus crisis: the coming transformation(s)\u201d, The Conversation<\/em>, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/capitalism-and-the-coronavirus-crisis-the-coming-transformation-s-149027<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Mazzucato, M. (2020) \u201cCapitalism After the Pandemic\u201d, Foreign Affairs<\/em>, https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/articles\/united-states\/2020-10-02\/capitalism-after-covid-19-pandemic<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ayd\u0131n \u00c7ubuk\u00e7u \u201c\u0130yi bir krizin bo\u015fa gitmesine asla izin vermeyin!\u201d[1]   Salg\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc y\u0131k\u0131m, halk y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bunun sorumlusunun kim ya da ne oldu\u011fu sorusunun yayg\u0131n bi\u00e7imde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u00fczy\u0131llarda salg\u0131nlar\u0131n tanr\u0131lar\u0131n bir cezas\u0131 oldu\u011funu ya da cad\u0131lar\u0131n, sapk\u0131nlar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir felaket oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek kolayd\u0131 ve bu t\u00fcrden vaazlar tepkilerin \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde sapt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabiliyordu. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[521,370,292],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3384","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-52-sayi-yaz-2021","category-kuram","category-aydin-cubukcu"],"yoast_head":"\nKapitalistler kapitalizmi neden ve nas\u0131l tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yor?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2023\/03\/27\/kapitalistler-kapitalizmi-neden-ve-nasil-tartisiyor\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"en_EN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kapitalistler kapitalizmi neden ve nas\u0131l tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yor?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ayd\u0131n \u00c7ubuk\u00e7u \u201c\u0130yi bir krizin bo\u015fa gitmesine asla izin vermeyin!\u201d[1]   Salg\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc y\u0131k\u0131m, halk y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bunun sorumlusunun kim ya da ne oldu\u011fu sorusunun yayg\u0131n bi\u00e7imde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u00fczy\u0131llarda salg\u0131nlar\u0131n tanr\u0131lar\u0131n bir cezas\u0131 oldu\u011funu ya da cad\u0131lar\u0131n, sapk\u0131nlar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir felaket oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek kolayd\u0131 ve bu t\u00fcrden vaazlar tepkilerin \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde sapt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabiliyordu. 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Ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u00fczy\u0131llarda salg\u0131nlar\u0131n tanr\u0131lar\u0131n bir cezas\u0131 oldu\u011funu ya da cad\u0131lar\u0131n, sapk\u0131nlar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir felaket oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek kolayd\u0131 ve bu t\u00fcrden vaazlar tepkilerin \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde sapt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabiliyordu. 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