{"id":338,"date":"2017-09-05T16:45:23","date_gmt":"2017-09-05T13:45:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/?p=338"},"modified":"2023-01-18T16:09:57","modified_gmt":"2023-01-18T13:09:57","slug":"turkiyede-emek-mucadelesi-ve-metal-firtina","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2017\/09\/05\/turkiyede-emek-mucadelesi-ve-metal-firtina\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de emek m\u00fccadelesi ve metal f\u0131rt\u0131na"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ya\u011f\u0131z Senem*<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu makalede \u00f6ncelikle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin geli\u015fimini k\u0131saca \u00f6zetleyip yak\u0131n tarihteki \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6nemli eylemlili\u011fi ele alaca\u011f\u0131z. \u0130lki 29 Ocak 2015\u2019de D\u0130SK\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 Birle\u015fik Metal-\u0130\u015f sendikas\u0131 ile MESS aras\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler kapsam\u0131ndaki metal i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin grevi; ikincisi 2015 May\u0131s\u2019\u0131nda T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 T\u00fcrk Metal sendikas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc oldu\u011fu i\u015fyerlerinde \u2013\u00f6zellikle Ko\u00e7 Holdingin i\u015fletmeleri- T\u00fcrk Metal sendikas\u0131n\u0131n anti-demokratik tutumuna kar\u015f\u0131 metal i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu fiili grev; \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc 20 Ocak 2017\u2019de MESS\u2019ten ayr\u0131lan i\u015fletmelerin kurmu\u015f oldu\u011fu EM\u0130S\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 fabrikalarda Birle\u015fik Metal-\u0130\u015f sendikas\u0131na \u00fcye i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu grev. Makalede bu direni\u015fler ve tetikleyen ko\u015fullar aktar\u0131l\u0131p baz\u0131 k\u0131smi sonu\u00e7lar \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

KISA B\u0130R TAR\u0130H\u00c7E<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye i\u015f\u00e7i ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sendikac\u0131l\u0131k hareketini anlat\u0131p, d\u00f6neminin karakterini belirleyen ve hareketin geli\u015fiminde etkili olan deneyimlerden bahsedilirken, 1946 y\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6nemli d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktalar\u0131ndan birisidir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye 1945 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonundan ba\u015flayarak, 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki antifa\u015fist direni\u015flerin, Avrupa i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n da \u00fczerinde etkili oldu\u011fu bir de\u011fi\u015fim s\u00fcrecine girdi. Bu de\u011fi\u015fim s\u00fcreci kapsam\u0131nda kimi demokratik ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lmak zorunda kal\u0131nd\u0131. Bunlardan biri 1946 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Cemiyetler Kanunu\u2019nda baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yap\u0131larak sendika niteli\u011findeki \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131yd\u0131. Bu kanunda bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama yoktu ve bu vesile ile birlikte bir\u00e7ok sendika ve yerel birlik kuruldu. (\u0130stanbul \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sendikalar\u0131 Birli\u011fi, Kocaeli \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sendikalar\u0131 Birli\u011fi, Bursa \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sendikalar\u0131 Birli\u011fi gibi) Bu d\u00f6nem kitlesel ve yayg\u0131n eylemlilikler pek g\u00f6zlenmedi fakat 1946 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan sendikalar ve yerel birliklerin m\u00fccadele deneyimleri \u00f6nemli birikimler b\u0131rakt\u0131 ve hareketin ivmesi y\u00fckselmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Dikkat \u00e7eken bu y\u00fckselmeye devlet fazla m\u00fcsaade etmedi ve 1947 y\u0131l\u0131nda 5018 say\u0131l\u0131 Sendikalar Kanunu kabul edildi.<\/p>\n

5018 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve \u0130\u015fveren Sendikalar\u0131 ve Sendika Birlikleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun, i\u015f\u00e7i ve i\u015fveren sendikalar\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 (Birinci madde), sendikal \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yasalarca teminat alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 (Dokuzuncu madde) belirtmi\u015f. Ancak sendikalar\u0131n milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fe ayk\u0131r\u0131 hareket edemeyece\u011fini, politik geli\u015fmelerde taraf olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 (Be\u015finci madde), greve \u00e7\u0131kan sendikalar\u0131n kapat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 (Yedinci madde) belirterek sendikalar\u0131 y\u00f6nlendirmi\u015f ve kontrol alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1947 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki geli\u015fmeler T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131f hareketinde sendikalar\u0131n vesayet\u00e7i k\u00f6klerini bize g\u00f6stermesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nem arz etmektedir. Sendikal hukuk vesayet arac\u0131n\u0131n kendisi olmu\u015ftur 1960\u2019a kadar da y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye tarihinde \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda hemen hemen t\u00fcm i\u015f kollar\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f ise bu vesayet\u00e7i d\u00f6nemin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc,1946-1952 d\u00f6neminde do\u011fan ve geli\u015fen sendikalar\u0131n birle\u015fmesinin sonucu olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sendikal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131yla birlikte merkezi bir yap\u0131ya duyulan gereksinim daha da artm\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin ard\u0131ndan, Bursa\u2019da nisan ay\u0131nda yap\u0131lan toplant\u0131da bir konfederasyonun kurulmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Konfederasyon 31 Temmuz 1952 tarihinde Ankara\u2019da resmen kurulmu\u015ftu.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f\u2019in resmi internet sitesinin Tarih\u00e7e b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u201cEylemlerimiz\u201d alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ilk eylem olarak g\u00f6sterilen Sara\u00e7hane Mitingi T\u00fcrkiye i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n potansiyelini g\u00f6stermesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir. Ger\u00e7ekte ise miting, s\u0131n\u0131f hareketinde 1946 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biri olan \u0130stanbul \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sendikalar\u0131 Birli\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.[2]<\/a>Sara\u00e7hane emek hareketinin 1950’li y\u0131llardaki birikiminin en g\u00f6rkemli kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00fcz bin civar\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7inin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilen mitingin \u00f6ncelikli amac\u0131, h\u00fck\u00fcmet program\u0131nda kesin bir takvime ba\u011flanmam\u0131\u015f olan grev ve toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fme yasalar\u0131n\u0131n bir an \u00f6nce ve s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmadan \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Ancak Sara\u00e7hane Mitingi g\u00fcncel amac\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde anlamlar i\u00e7ermekte ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n hegemonik kapasitesinin geni\u015flemesinde \u00f6nemli bir d\u00f6nemece i\u015faret etmektedir. 1980\u2019lere kadar s\u00fcrecek olan emek hareketinin y\u00fckseli\u015finin i\u015faret fi\u015fe\u011finin Sara\u00e7hane Mitingi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n

1961 Anayasas\u0131\u2019nda grevli toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli sendika hakk\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131ndan (41. Madde) sonra T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f\u2019in mevcut h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerle bu hakk\u0131n uygulamaya konulmas\u0131 konusunda diyalo\u011fu esas alan bir tav\u0131r geli\u015ftirdi\u011fini belirtmek gerekir. Bu do\u011frultuda, 1960 y\u0131l\u0131nda Seyfi Demirsoy ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f y\u00f6netimi \u00e7e\u015fitli ad\u0131mlar atm\u0131\u015f ve ilk olarak da mevcut sistemle nas\u0131l uyum i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fta Ankara olmak \u00fczere kimi \u015fehirlerde \u201cKom\u00fcnizmi Tel\u2019in\u201d mitingleri d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir. Bu mitingleri 1964 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f 5. Genel Kurulu\u2019nda al\u0131nan \u201cpartiler \u00fcst\u00fc politika\u201d karar\u0131 izlemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Grev ve toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin fiili olarak uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan 275 say\u0131l\u0131 yasa ise T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f\u2019in diyalo\u011fu ile de\u011fil 1963 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kavel i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin m\u00fccadelesi sayesinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir. Kavel Kablo Fabrikas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netimi, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin y\u0131ll\u0131k ikramiyesini kesmi\u015f ve \u00fcyesi olduklar\u0131 T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 Maden-\u0130\u015f sendikas\u0131ndan istifa etmeye zorlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bununla birlikte i\u015f\u00e7iler \u00fcretimi durdurup kendilerini fabrikaya kilitlemi\u015f, izleyen s\u00fcre\u00e7te i\u015f\u00e7ilerin eylemlerine sald\u0131r\u0131lar ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f, yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 lokavt g\u00f6rmezden gelinmi\u015f, bir\u00e7ok i\u015f\u00e7i hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, tutuklananlar olmu\u015ftur. Direni\u015fin devam etmesi \u00fczerine D\u00f6nemin Ba\u015fbakan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Turhan Feyzio\u011flu ve \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Bakan\u0131 B\u00fclent Ecevit araya girmi\u015f, protokol imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kavel i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin, onlar\u0131n ailelerinin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc bask\u0131ya ra\u011fmen direni\u015fe, greve sahip \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 \u201cSendikalar Kanunu ile Toplu S\u00f6zle\u015fme, Grev ve Lokavt\u201d kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f bu eylemde pasif kalm\u0131\u015f bu y\u00fczden \u00a023 sendika ba\u015fkan\u0131yla 45 y\u00f6netici, yapt\u0131klar\u0131 toplant\u0131da T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f\u2019in Kavel grevinde gerekli tutumu almad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek konfederasyonla ili\u015fkilerini kestiklerini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f i\u00e7inde mevcut y\u00f6netimin uzla\u015fmac\u0131 \u00e7izgisinden memnun olmayan, temel haklar\u0131n m\u00fccadele ile kazan\u0131labilece\u011fine inanan, sendikal-siyasal anlamda daha m\u00fccadeleci bir e\u011filim hep var olmu\u015ftur. 1960\u2019lar\u0131n siyasi ortam\u0131 i\u00e7inde giderek g\u00fc\u00e7lenen bu e\u011filim, d\u00fcnyada ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki siyasi geli\u015fmelerden etkilenmi\u015f ve T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f y\u00f6netiminin uzla\u015fmac\u0131 \u00e7izgisini ve \u201cpartiler \u00fcst\u00fc politika\u201d ilkesini\u00a0ele\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bunlar\u0131 takiben, 31 Ocak 1966 ile 26 Nisan 1966 tarihleri aras\u0131nda Kristal-\u0130\u015f Sendikas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kendisine h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6nerilen toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi i\u00e7eri\u011fini kabul etmemesi sonucu Pa\u015fabah\u00e7e \u015ei\u015fe ve Cam fabrikas\u0131nda grev karar\u0131 al\u0131nmas\u0131yla ba\u015flayan direni\u015f Devrimci \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sendikalar\u0131 Konfederasyonu’nun[5]<\/a> kurulmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta destekledi\u011fi bu grevi, 20 Mart 1966 tarihinden itibaren i\u015fverenin sundu\u011fu s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin Kristal-\u0130\u015f taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmemesini gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stererek desteklememe karar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nT\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f y\u00f6netimine ra\u011fmen grevin baz\u0131 sendikalar taraf\u0131ndan desteklenmesi ve bundan sonraki grevlerde T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f\u2019ten ayr\u0131 olarak, Sendikalar Aras\u0131 Dayan\u0131\u015fma Komitesinin kurulmas\u0131, T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f\u2019ten kopu\u015fa son noktay\u0131 koymu\u015f ve 13 \u015eubat 1967 tarihinde \u201cDevrimci \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sendikalar\u0131 Konfederasyonu\u201d (D\u0130SK) kurulmu\u015ftur.[6]<\/a> D\u0130SK kurulu\u015fundan k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f\u2019e g\u00f6re daha m\u00fccadeleci tutumu ile bir\u00e7ok i\u015f kolunda alternatif olmu\u015f ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de s\u0131n\u0131f hareketinin \u00f6nemli unsurlar\u0131ndan biri haline gelmi\u015ftir. Bunun fark\u0131na varan Adalet Partisi ve Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7inde, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 ve temel sendikalar mevzuat\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen 274 say\u0131l\u0131 Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, Grev ve Lokavt Yasas\u0131 ile 275 say\u0131l\u0131 Sendikalar Yasas\u0131’nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapan tasar\u0131y\u0131 TBMM\u2019den ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir. Yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklik, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin sendika se\u00e7me \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde k\u0131s\u0131tlamakta, sendika de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyi g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirmekteydi.[7]<\/a> Yasa tasla\u011f\u0131 11 Haziran<\/a>1970<\/a>\u2019te Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Cevdet <\/a>Sunay<\/a>‘\u0131n onaylamas\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi. Kanunla\u015fan tasar\u0131 esas olarak T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f<\/a>‘ten D\u0130SK<\/a>‘e i\u015f\u00e7i ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeyi ama\u00e7lamaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu tasar\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 15 Haziran g\u00fcn\u00fc, 115 i\u015fyeri ve binlerce i\u015f\u00e7iyle ba\u015flayan, 16 Haziran g\u00fcn\u00fc 168 fabrika ve 150 bini a\u015fk\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iyle devam eden 15-16 Haziran direni\u015fi, etkisini en \u00e7ok T\u00fcrkiye i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n kalbi say\u0131lan \u0130stanbul ve \u0130zmit\u2019te g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. \u0130stanbul\u2019da, Gebze\u2019de, \u0130zmit\u2019teki fabrikalarda \u00fcretim b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde durmu\u015ftur.
\nAncak bu eylemlerin D\u0130SK\u2019e ra\u011fmen ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini belirtmek gerekir. T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f ve D\u0130SK\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin inisiyatifi ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. S\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim ilan edildikten sonra pek \u00e7ok fabrika i\u015f\u00e7isi \u00fcretimi durdurma eylemine devam ederken D\u0130SK \u00fcst y\u00f6netiminden hi\u00e7bir sendikac\u0131n\u0131n, tamamen i\u015f\u00e7ilerininisiyatifi ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015f\u00e7i direni\u015fine kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ve D\u0130SK Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n radyodan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fma ile i\u015f\u00e7ileri sakin olmaya ve fabrikalar\u0131na geri d\u00f6nmeye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmas\u0131, D\u0130SK\u2019in sendikal m\u00fccadele konusunda 1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda daha net g\u00f6r\u00fclecek olan \u201cb\u00fcrokratik\u201d e\u011filimini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7 olarak i\u015f\u00e7ilerin tepkileri ile tav\u0131r de\u011fi\u015ftiren CHP, T\u0130P ile birlikte Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019ne ba\u015fvurdu ve 6 A\u011fustos\u2019ta Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan onaylanan tasar\u0131 8-9 \u015eubat 1971 tarihinde Anayasa Mahkemesi karar\u0131 ile iptal edildi.[8]<\/a><\/p>\n

Sonras\u0131nda sendikal b\u00fcrokrasi, sermaye, h\u00fck\u00fcmet i\u015fbirli\u011fine ra\u011fmen 1960-70\u2019li y\u0131llarda b\u00fcy\u00fcyen ve ciddi bir miras b\u0131rakan s\u0131n\u0131f hareketi 1980 darbesi ile kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bu noktada k\u0131smen ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 da olunmu\u015ftur.[9]<\/a> 12 Eyl\u00fcl rejimit\u00fcm fabrikalarda m\u00fccadeleci i\u015f\u00e7ileri ve i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6nderlerini tasfiye etmi\u015f, D\u0130SK\u2019i tamamen kapatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sendikal faaliyetleri ve toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fme d\u00fczenini ask\u0131ya alm\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen t\u00fcm kural ve kurumlar\u0131 sermayeden yana otoriter bir \u015fekilde yeniden d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

12 Eyl\u00fcl darbesinin a\u011f\u0131r tahribat\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan 1980\u2019lerin ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren k\u0131p\u0131rdamaya ba\u015flayan i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, 1989 Bahar Eylemleri ile yeniden tarih sahnesine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu eylemlerin en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelli\u011fi, g\u00f6receli bir siyasal karakter kazanmas\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler eylemleriyle do\u011frudan ANAP H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019ni hedef ald\u0131. Eylemler s\u0131ras\u0131nda s\u0131kl\u0131kla siyasal iktidar\u0131 protesto eden sloganlar at\u0131ld\u0131. Eylemler kamuoyunun geni\u015f kesimlerinin deste\u011fini kazand\u0131. Bu destek ve sempatinin olu\u015fmas\u0131nda 12 Eyl\u00fcl rejimine ve \u00d6zal H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019ne duyulan tepkinin ve yayg\u0131n demokratikle\u015fme talebinin \u00f6nemli bir rol\u00fc vard\u0131.[10]<\/a><\/p>\n

Emek m\u00fccadelesi tarihinde i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ile \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin birlikteli\u011fi her zaman tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan \u00f6nemli bir konu olmu\u015ftur. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin, emek\u00e7ilerin en temel haklar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131lara geni\u015f bir birliktelikle kar\u015f\u0131 durulmam\u0131\u015f ve her zaman ciddi bir sorun olarak i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n, onun \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin g\u00fcndeminde olmu\u015ftur.[11]<\/a>1999’da kurulan Emek Platformu bu y\u00fczden emek m\u00fccadelesi tarihinde \u00f6nemli bir yere sahiptir. 1998\u2019de Asya\u2019da ba\u015flayan ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi de etkisi alt\u0131na alan ve 1999 depremi ile de varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren ekonomik krizin etkilerinin giderek derinle\u015fmesi, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm kesimlerini olumsuz etkiledi. Bu geli\u015fmeler, i\u015f\u00e7i, memur ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli personel stat\u00fclerinde istihdam edilen emek\u00e7ilerin \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin bir araya gelmesi gere\u011fini daha yo\u011fun bir bi\u00e7imde hissettirdi. Bu geli\u015fmeler sonucunda, T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f, Hak-\u0130\u015f, D\u0130SK, KESK, T\u00fcrkiye Kamu-Sen ve Memur-Sen Genel Ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 27 Ocak 1999 g\u00fcn\u00fc Ankara\u2019da Hak-\u0130\u015f Genel Merkezinde toplanarak, ortak sorunlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u00d6rg\u00fctler, toplant\u0131ya, kendi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini ifade eden metinler sundu. Daha sonra, uzun ve bazen sertle\u015fen tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, ortak g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin ifade edildi\u011fi bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yay\u0131nland\u0131. Bu \u00fclkemizde \u00fccretli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n o g\u00fcne kadarki en geni\u015f birlikteli\u011fiydi.[12]<\/a><\/p>\n

2000’li y\u0131llar ise, sendikalar\u0131n vesayet alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu 1947 y\u0131l\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan tabloya benzemektedir. 2015 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar SEKA Ka\u011f\u0131t Fabrikas\u0131 direni\u015fi ve Tekel direni\u015fi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yo\u011fun bir hareket, direni\u015f, birlik ve dayan\u0131\u015fma g\u00f6zlemlenememi\u015ftir. S\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin karakterini ve gelece\u011fini do\u011frudan etkileyen bir geli\u015fme, birlik ve m\u00fccadele deneyimi ya\u015fanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

METAL SEKT\u00d6R\u00dcNDE D\u0130REN\u0130\u015e<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn, sermaye birikiminin en y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu metal sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde yukar\u0131da ifade etti\u011fimiz ve birbiri ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olan \u00fc\u00e7 hareketlilik bu bak\u0131mdan olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 hareket sendikal b\u00fcrokrasi ve vesayete kar\u015f\u0131 bir direni\u015f ve bilince d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f, bu bilin\u00e7 her seferinde kendinden \u00f6nceki deneyimin \u00f6\u011frettikleri ile b\u00fcy\u00fcyerek g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de T\u00fcrkiye i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n gen\u00e7 ku\u015faklar\u0131n\u0131 e\u011fitmesi ve hareketi ilerletmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk olarak 2015\u2019te D\u0130SK’e ba\u011fl\u0131 Birle\u015fik Metal-\u0130\u015f sendikas\u0131n\u0131n, \u00fcyelerinin bask\u0131s\u0131 ile MESS’e ba\u011fl\u0131 i\u015fletmelerde ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu grev m\u00fccadelenin fitilini ate\u015flemi\u015ftir. Burada bir parantez a\u00e7\u0131p MESS’ten (T\u00fcrkiye Metal Sanayicileri Sendikas\u0131) \u00f6zel olarak bahsetmek gerekir. MESS 1959 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur ve T\u00fcrkiye’de patron \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fclerinden birisidir. Bir d\u00f6nem 24 Ocak kararlar\u0131n\u0131n mimar\u0131 Turgut \u00d6zal’\u0131n da ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir organizasyondur. Her d\u00f6nem MESS T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f’e ba\u011fl\u0131 T\u00fcrk Metal\u2019in yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Birle\u015fik Metal ve \u00c7elik-\u0130\u015f ile de masaya oturur. \u00d6nce T\u00fcrk Metal ile oturup s\u00f6zle\u015fme imzalan\u0131r, ard\u0131ndan bu s\u00f6zle\u015fme di\u011fer sendikalara dayat\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin tepkisine ra\u011fmen T\u00fcrk Metal kimseyi tatmin etmeyen bir tasla\u011fa imza atar. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00e7o\u011fu taslaktan imza at\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra haberdar oldu. Bu hemen akabinde bir tepki do\u011furdu ve g\u00f6zler Metal-\u0130\u015f’e \u00e7evrildi. Tasla\u011fa muhalefet eden Birle\u015fik Metal yine de imzalad\u0131. T\u00fcrk Metal de \u201cbizim s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin fotokopisine imza att\u0131lar\u201d diyerek g\u00f6zlerini Birle\u015fik Metal’e \u00e7eviren \u00fcyelerinin tepkisini so\u011furdu.<\/p>\n

2011 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki T\u0130S s\u00fcrecinde MESS dayatmas\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmeyen Birle\u015fik Metal grev karar\u0131 ald\u0131. Yap\u0131lan grev oylamas\u0131nda Birle\u015fik Metal\u2019in yetkili oldu\u011fu fabrikalarda b\u00f6l\u00fcnme ya\u015fand\u0131. Baz\u0131 fabrikalarda \u2018Hay\u0131r\u2019 oyu y\u00fcksek \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. 7 Mart’ta al\u0131nan grev karar\u0131 sonras\u0131 MESS geri ad\u0131m att\u0131 ve s\u00fcre\u00e7 k\u0131smen kazan\u0131m ile sonu\u00e7land\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ancak 2015 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi s\u00fcreci daha farkl\u0131yd\u0131. MESS i\u015f\u00e7ilere k\u0131dem fark\u0131 g\u00f6zetmeksizin \u00fccretlerde enflasyona dayal\u0131 zam ve 3 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fme dayatt\u0131. T\u00fcrk Metal ve \u00c7elik-\u0130\u015f bu dayatmay\u0131 kabul ederken, Birle\u015fik Metal reddetti. Ancak bu sefer i\u015fyerlerinde yap\u0131lan grev oylamas\u0131nda 2011’den farkl\u0131 olarak 10 kentteki 22 fabrikada y\u00fcksek oranda evet \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, beyaz yaka \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar da grevden yana oy kulland\u0131lar. Fakat MESS geri ad\u0131m atmad\u0131. 29 Ocak g\u00fcn\u00fc 15 bin metal i\u015f\u00e7isi greve ba\u015flad\u0131 ve ba\u015fta metal i\u015f kolu olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm T\u00fcrkiye i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fc 15 bin i\u015f\u00e7iye \u00e7evrildi. Burada \u00f6zel olarak belirtmek gerekir ki greve \u00e7\u0131kan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00e7o\u011fu 30 ya\u015f alt\u0131ndayd\u0131 ve hayatlar\u0131nda ilk kez grevle tan\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu grev T\u00fcrkiye i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n yeni ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir deneyim ve birikim olacakt\u0131. S\u0131n\u0131f hareketi m\u00fccadeleci yeni bir ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yeti\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

29 Ocak’ta ba\u015flayan grev 30 Ocak’ta jet h\u0131z\u0131yla Bakanlar Kurulu karar\u0131 ile “Milli g\u00fcvenli\u011fi bozucu nitelikte oldu\u011fu” gerek\u00e7esi ile 60 g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ertelendi. Bu erteleme fiili olarak yasaklama anlam\u0131na gelmekteydi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc erteleme s\u00fcresi olan 60 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde arabulucu arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla taraflar aras\u0131nda herhangi bir anla\u015fma sa\u011flanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, sendikan\u0131n toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fme yetkisinin d\u00fc\u015fmemesi i\u00e7in Y\u00fcksek Hakem Kurulu’na ba\u015fvurmak zorunda kal\u0131yor ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi hakem kurulu ba\u011fl\u0131yordu. Ancak, Y\u00fcksek Hakem Kurulu’nda yap\u0131lan s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlukla sermayenin lehine kararlar\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 biliniyor.<\/p>\n

Bu karar sonras\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerden, Birle\u015fik Metal Sendikas\u0131ndan ve siyasi partilerden tepki a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 gelmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bir\u00e7ok fabrikada i\u015f\u00e7iler grevin fiili bir \u015fekilde devam ettirilmesi gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. 31 Ocak 2015 tarihli Evrensel Gazetesi’ne deme\u00e7 veren Paksan \u0130\u015fyeri temsilcisi R\u0131fat Codura, “Ailelerimiz ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131zla gerekirse fabrikay\u0131 i\u015fgal edece\u011fiz<\/em>” derken fabrika \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00f6fke hakimdi. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler “Bekliyorduk, i\u015fgale ve direni\u015fe haz\u0131r\u0131z<\/em>“, “MESS \u015fa\u015f\u0131rd\u0131, sabr\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131rd\u0131<\/em>” diyordu. Paksan i\u015f\u00e7isi Adem \u00c7i\u00e7ek arkada\u015flar\u0131na s\u00f6yle sesleniyordu: “Bunu biz de\u011fil MESS istedi. Fabrikay\u0131 i\u015fgale haz\u0131r\u0131z<\/em>.”[13]<\/a><\/p>\n

Yine grevin amiral gemisi say\u0131lan Gebze’deki Kroman \u00c7elik i\u015f\u00e7ileri de grevin yasa\u011fa ra\u011fmen devam etmesi gerekti\u011fi kuvvetli bir \u015fekilde dillendiriliyordu. Tepki g\u00f6steren Kroman \u00c7elik i\u015f\u00e7ileri gece ge\u00e7 saatlere kadar fabrika \u00f6n\u00fcnde beklemi\u015f ancak sendikac\u0131lardan destek bulamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Sendikac\u0131lar fiili m\u00fccadele talebine kar\u015f\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ileri fabrikadan uzakla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131; grev pankartlar\u0131n\u0131 gizlice toplad\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin de sendikac\u0131lara ra\u011fmen m\u00fccadeleyi fiili olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrecek bir \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yoktu. T\u00fcm bunlara ra\u011fmen grevin daha ilk saatlerinde fabrika y\u00f6netimlerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131 MESS’ten ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurarak Birle\u015fik Metal ile 2 y\u0131ll\u0131k m\u00fcnferit s\u00f6zle\u015fme imzalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. S\u0131rf patronlar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fme dayatmas\u0131n\u0131n geri \u00e7ektirilmesi kazan\u0131m\u0131 bile T\u00fcrk Metal \u00fcyelerinin dikkatini \u00e7ekmi\u015fti. 3 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fme imzalayan T\u00fcrk Metal, \u00fcyelerine a\u00e7\u0131klama yapamaz hale gelmi\u015fti. Ve bu geli\u015fme daha m\u00fccadeleci bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n filizlendi\u011fi Metal Direni\u015finin temel ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci eylemlili\u011fin temeli ise 2008 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar uzan\u0131yor. 6 binden fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 ile Bursa’daki en b\u00fcy\u00fck fabrika olan T\u00fcrk Metal sendikas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc oldu\u011fu Bosch’ta 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda 160 i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015ften at\u0131l\u0131p, asgari \u00fccret ile yeni i\u015f\u00e7ilerin al\u0131nmas\u0131yla ortalama saat \u00fccreti d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Zam ortalama saat \u00fccretine g\u00f6re yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Bosch maa\u015flarda Renault ve Tofa\u015f’\u0131n gerisinde kal\u0131yordu. Bunun \u00fczerine i\u015f\u00e7ilerin T\u00fcrk Metal’den ayr\u0131l\u0131p Birle\u015fik Metal’e ge\u00e7mesi ile yetki krizi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu vesile ile 38 ay boyunca Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yap\u0131lamad\u0131. Yetkiyi T\u00fcrk Metal’in almas\u0131 ile birlikte 38 ay sonra ilk defa T\u0130S imzaland\u0131. T\u00fcrk Metal ve MESS aras\u0131nda var\u0131lan anla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re \u00fccretlere ilk alt\u0131 ay y\u00fczde 7 art\u0131 70 kuru\u015f, ikinci alt\u0131 ay y\u00fczde 7 art\u0131 20 kuru\u015f, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc alt\u0131 ay enflasyon art\u0131 15 kuru\u015f, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc alt\u0131 ay i\u00e7in ise enflasyon art\u0131 15 kuru\u015f zam yap\u0131ld\u0131.[14]<\/a><\/p>\n

Bu s\u00f6zle\u015fme sonras\u0131, 2015 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki T\u0130S s\u00fcrecinde 3 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye imza atan T\u00fcrk Metal’in \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc oldu\u011fu 5 bin ki\u015finin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Renault fabrikas\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7iler s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin Bosch s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi esas al\u0131narak tekrar haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in 16.00- 24.00 vardiyas\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ileri \u00fcretimi durdurup fabrikay\u0131 bo\u015faltmama karar\u0131 ald\u0131. Metal direni\u015finin fitili ate\u015flendi. Renault’daki direni\u015f taleplerine sonras\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 madde daha ekledi:<\/p>\n

– \u0130\u015ften atmama garantisi,<\/p>\n

– T\u00fcrk Metal\u2019in temsilcilik tabelas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6k\u00fclmesi, temsilcilik odas\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u015fu an s\u00f6zc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapan temsilciler oturmas\u0131,<\/p>\n

– Anla\u015fman\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ilerin temsilcileriyle birlikte protokol alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131.\u00a0[15]<\/a><\/p>\n

Renault’nun hemen ard\u0131ndan yine 3 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye imza atan Tofa\u015f, Mako, Co\u015fkun\u00f6z, Kocaeli Ford Otosan, Gebze Ar\u00e7elik LG, Ankara T\u00fcrk Trakt\u00f6r olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok fabrika ayn\u0131 talepler ile direni\u015fe ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

MESS geli\u015fmelere dair yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk a\u00e7\u0131klamada, \u201cOyak Renault Otomobil Fabrikalar\u0131 A.\u015e.\u2019de ba\u015flat\u0131lan i\u015fyerini terk etmeme ve topluca i\u015f b\u0131rakma \u015feklindeki eylemlerle birlikte olaylar yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir boyuta ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. … Bu eylemler yoluyla 3 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7in ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan grup T\u0130S \u015fartlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik haks\u0131z taleplerde bulunulmas\u0131 yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r<\/em>\u201d ifadelerine yer verdi.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk Metal Sendikas\u0131 da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, MESS ile aralar\u0131nda Oyak Renault i\u015fyerindeki 5 bin 600 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n da dahil oldu\u011fu toplam 110 bin \u00fcye ad\u0131na grup toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin, 15 Aral\u0131k 2014 g\u00fcn\u00fc imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131ld\u0131. A\u00e7\u0131klamada, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle al\u0131nan \u00fccret art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve di\u011fer haklar\u0131n, Oyak Renault i\u015fyeri de dahil olmak \u00fczere, t\u00fcm \u00fcyeler taraf\u0131ndan memnuniyetle kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve sevin\u00e7 g\u00f6sterisine neden oldu\u011fu iddia edildi.<\/p>\n

Bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan direni\u015fin ba\u015fka fabrika ve \u015fehirlere yay\u0131lmas\u0131 da g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir ki art\u0131k sar\u0131 sendikac\u0131l\u0131k, h\u00fck\u00fcmet, patron i\u015fbirli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 fiili-me\u015fru m\u00fccadele yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n en diri ve ileri kesimlerinde filizlenmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, bu d\u00f6nemin m\u00fccadelesine bir \u00e7\u0131ta \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

S\u00fcrecin sonunda TOFA\u015e ve Mako’da anla\u015fma sa\u011fland\u0131. Var\u0131lan anla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re;<\/p>\n

– Eylemlere kat\u0131lan hi\u00e7bir i\u015f\u00e7i i\u015ften at\u0131lmayacak.<\/p>\n

– T\u00fcrk Metal gidecek. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler temsilcilerini kendileri belirleyecek.<\/p>\n

– \u0130\u015f ba\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan i\u015f\u00e7ilere bin lira \u00f6deme yap\u0131lacak. Bunun haricinde hen\u00fcz miktar\u0131 net olmamakla birlikte y\u0131ll\u0131k prim \u00f6demesi yap\u0131lacak.<\/p>\n

Renault’da patron temsilcileriyle i\u015f\u00e7i temsilcileri aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme sonucunda 9 maddelik protokol \u00fczerinde anla\u015fma sa\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Anla\u015fmaya var\u0131lan protokol maddeleri \u015f\u00f6yle:<\/p>\n

1- Kimse i\u015ften at\u0131lmayacak<\/p>\n

2- \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler aleyhine yap\u0131lan \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7ilecek<\/p>\n

3- T\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n sendikal \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri tan\u0131nacak<\/p>\n

4- Son toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n konuyla ilgili talepleri ile k\u0131dem ve saat \u00fccretleri dikkate al\u0131narak bir ay i\u00e7inde iyile\u015ftirme amac\u0131yla analiz yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ayl\u0131k \u00fccret alanlara daha y\u00fcksek ve y\u00fcksek ayl\u0131k \u00fccret alanlara daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck prim olmak \u00fczere ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lma yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r ve i\u00e7 kategorizasyon sistemindeki ge\u00e7i\u015fleri h\u0131zland\u0131rma \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

5- 4 No\u2019lu madde kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak iyile\u015ftirmelere mahsuben 1 hafta i\u00e7erisinde t\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara bin lira avans \u00f6demesi yap\u0131lacak.<\/p>\n

6- Her y\u0131l sonunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara kalite i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve \u00fcretim adetleri hedeflerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak performans primi verilecek olup prim miktar\u0131 asgari net 600 TL olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

7- \u0130\u015fyerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ancak mevcut toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde dayan\u0131\u015fma aidat\u0131 \u00f6demek suretiyle yararlanan sendikas\u0131z i\u015f\u00e7ilerin serbest\u00e7e s\u00f6zc\u00fc se\u00e7meleri halinde, yasal mevzuat \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde se\u00e7ilen s\u00f6zc\u00fcler, i\u015f\u00e7i-i\u015fveren aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fimi sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla muhatap kabul edilecekler ve mevcut s\u00f6zc\u00fcler se\u00e7ime kadar i\u015f\u00e7i-i\u015fveren aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fimi sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla muhatap olacaklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

8- Banka maa\u015f \u00f6demeleri promosyonu olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara net 480 TL prim \u00f6denecek<\/p>\n

9- Oyak Renault s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7erisinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zararla ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlardan hi\u00e7bir talepte bulunmayacak. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar da s\u00fcre\u00e7le ilgili Oyak Renault\u2019dan \u015fikayet\u00e7i olmayacak.<\/p>\n

\u0130mzalanan protokole ra\u011fmen saat \u00fccretlerinde art\u0131\u015f yap\u0131lmad\u0131, sadece MESS ikramiyesi ad\u0131yla ayl\u0131k 100 TL\u2019ye varmayan \u00f6deme yap\u0131ld\u0131. T\u00fcm bunlara ra\u011fmen T\u00fcrk Metal bir\u00e7ok i\u015fletmede b\u00fcy\u00fck kan kaybetti. T\u00fcrk Metal ile v\u00fccut bulan sendikal b\u00fcrokrasiye i\u015f\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck darbe vuruldu. S\u00fcrecin sonunda 30000\u2019e yak\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i T\u00fcrk Metal\u2019den istifa etti, ancak T\u00fcrk Metal\u2019e geri d\u00f6nmeyip Birle\u015fik Metal\u2019de \u00f6rg\u00fctlenen sadece ZC Sachs fabrikas\u0131 oldu. Eskiden yap\u0131lmayan temsilci se\u00e7imleri bir\u00e7ok fabrikada i\u015f\u00e7ilerin zorlamas\u0131 sonucu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. En \u00f6nemlisi ise i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n gen\u00e7 ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir deneyim elde etti ve bu deneyimle birlikte 20 Ocak EM\u0130S grevinde oldu\u011fu gibi yeni kazan\u0131mlar elde edildi.<\/p>\n

Metalde ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz s\u00f6zle\u015fme d\u00f6neminde i\u015f\u00e7ilerin greve \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 \u00fczerine General Elektrik, Schneider ve Himel Enerji patronlar\u0131 MESS\u2019ten ayr\u0131larak EM\u0130S\u2019i (Elektromekanik Metal \u0130\u015fverenleri Sendikas\u0131) kurmu\u015ftu. EM\u0130S\u2019le bu y\u0131l ilk kez oturulan s\u00f6zle\u015fme g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde patronlar Schneider\u2019in Manisa fabrikas\u0131 i\u00e7in ilk alt\u0131 ay y\u00fczde 14, Schneider\u2019in di\u011fer fabrikalar\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00fczde 12, di\u011fer alt\u0131 aylar i\u00e7in enflasyon oran\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f teklif edildi. General Elektrik ve ABB i\u00e7in ise ilk alt\u0131 ay y\u00fczde 6 ve ikinci alt\u0131 ay i\u00e7in y\u00fczde 5 \u00f6nerildi. T\u00fcm fabrikalar i\u00e7in sosyal haklara ise y\u00fczde 14.5 teklif edildi. EM\u0130S ile Birle\u015fik Metal-\u0130\u015f Sendikas\u0131 aras\u0131nda s\u00fcren s\u00f6zle\u015fme g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinin t\u0131kanmas\u0131 \u00fczerine al\u0131nan grev karar\u0131 fabrikalara as\u0131ld\u0131 ve patronlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck zam dayatmas\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7memesi \u00fczerine i\u015f\u00e7iler 20 Ocak\u2019ta greve \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. S\u00f6zle\u015fme General Elektrik, ABB Elektrik, Schneider Elektrik ve Schneider Enerji\u2019ye ba\u011fl\u0131 26 i\u015fyerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan 2 bin 200 i\u015f\u00e7iyi kaps\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

20 Ocak Cuma sabah\u0131 grevin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk saatlerde metal i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin, \u00f6zellikle Birle\u015fik Metal\u2019e \u00fcye i\u015f\u00e7ilerin, yabanc\u0131 olmad\u0131klar\u0131 bir tablo ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. AKP h\u00fck\u00fcmeti yine bakanlar kurulu karar\u0131 ile milli g\u00fcvenli\u011fi bozacak oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esini g\u00f6stererek grevi 60 g\u00fcn s\u00fcre ile erteledi. Birle\u015fik Metal-\u0130\u015f\u2019in bir \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemdeki grevin yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan tutumu, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve i\u015f\u00e7ilerin buna tepkisi, Metal Direni\u015findeki fiili-m\u00fccadele perspektifinin kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 grev yasa\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin tutumunu belirledi. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler pazartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc fabrikalar\u0131na giri\u015f yapt\u0131 ancak \u00fcretime ge\u00e7medi. Gebze\u2019de EM\u0130S s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kapsam\u0131nda bulunan General Elektrik i\u015f\u00e7ileri 24.00-08-00 vardiyas\u0131nda s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin, talepleri do\u011frultusunda imzalanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u015fba\u015f\u0131 yapmayarak \u015falteri indirdi. 08.00-16.00 vardiyas\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ileri de \u00fcretimi durdurarak tezgahlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda bekleyi\u015fe ge\u00e7ti. Schneider Enerji i\u015f\u00e7ileri de gece vardiyas\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fcretimi durdurdu. \u0130\u015f b\u0131rakma eylemi di\u011fer vardiyalarda da s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Schneider Elektrik \u0130zmir ve Manisa fabrikalar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ileri de, s\u00f6zle\u015fme, talep ettikleri \u015fekilde sonu\u00e7lanana kadar \u00fcretim yapmayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu. Tezgahlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7en i\u015f\u00e7iler makineleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmad\u0131. \u0130stanbul\u2019da ABB\u2019ye ba\u011fl\u0131 fabrikalarda ve Schneider\u2019de de i\u015f\u00e7iler \u00fcretimi durdurdu. Patronlar tutanak tutarak i\u015f\u00e7ileri \u00fcretime zorlasa da i\u015f\u00e7iler kararl\u0131l\u0131kla eyleme devam etti.[16]<\/a><\/p>\n

Bu tutum grevin daha ilk saatlerinde kazan\u0131m\u0131 getirdi. Saat \u00fccretlerine birinci alt\u0131 ay i\u00e7in 1,20 lira art\u0131 y\u00fczde 7 zam yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bu ortalama olarak y\u00fczde 18,5 art\u0131\u015fa tekab\u00fcl etmektedir. Bu oran ile birinci alt\u0131 ay i\u00e7in i\u015fyerlerine g\u00f6re ortalamada 443 ile 510 lira net art\u0131\u015f sa\u011fland\u0131. Y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc iki y\u0131l olarak belirlenen s\u00f6zle\u015fmede di\u011fer zam dilimleri i\u00e7in ise ikinci ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc alt\u0131 aylarda enflasyon art\u0131 bir puan art\u0131\u015f sa\u011fland\u0131. Sosyal yard\u0131mlardaki art\u0131\u015f y\u00fczde 27 oran\u0131nda oldu. Dini bayram mesaileri y\u00fczde 200\u2019e y\u00fckseltildi. Engelliler g\u00fcn\u00fcnde \u00fccretli izin, e\u015fin, anne ve babas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u00fcyeye 4 g\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00fcm izni, ABB i\u015fyerinde i\u015f\u00e7ilere sa\u011fl\u0131k sigortas\u0131 haklar\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131.[17]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7mi\u015fi anlamadan bug\u00fcn\u00fcn eksik yorumlayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek belirtebiliriz ki 1946 y\u0131l\u0131ndan Sara\u00e7haneye, Kavel\u2019den 15-16 Hazirana, Bahar Eylemlerine kadar y\u00fckselen birikim, 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda Metal Grevi ve Metal Direni\u015finde elde edilen deneyimle birle\u015fti. Metal i\u015f\u00e7isi bu birikimin \u00fczerine ekleyerek d\u00f6nemin i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 m\u00fccadelesinin hedef \u00e7\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltti.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 zaferleri ve yenilgileri ile tarihini bildi\u011fi, o tarihten \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi m\u00fcddet\u00e7e ilerleyecektir. Ve bu tarih hem T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de hem d\u00fcnyada k\u0131ymetli bir hazineye sahip. Burada bu tarihin kimi d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktalar\u0131n\u0131 ve bu zengin hazinenin baz\u0131 \u00f6rneklerini g\u00f6stermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Deneyimlerden ve ge\u00e7mi\u015ften yararlan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda elde edilen sonu\u00e7 ve geli\u015fim Metal F\u0131rt\u0131na \u00f6rne\u011finde barizdir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015f birikimini kendi m\u00fccadelesinin bir kazan\u0131m\u0131 olarak ele alabilecek bir iradeye sahiptir.<\/p>\n

D\u0130PNOT: * 9-10-11 Mart 20017 tarihlerinde 15. T\u00fcrkiye \u00dcniversite \u00d6\u011frencileri Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u0130ktisat Kongresi\u2019nde yap\u0131lan sunumun yazar taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f halidir.<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Ko\u00e7, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m (2003), T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f\u00e7i S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve Sendikac\u0131l\u0131k Tarihi Hareketi, \u0130stanbul: Kaynak Yay\u0131nlar\u0131,sf. 41<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Ko\u00e7ak, M. Hakan (2008), \u201cT\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f\u00e7i S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 Olu\u015fumunun Sessiz Y\u0131llar\u0131:1950\u2019ler, Toplum ve Bilim\u201d, Say\u0131: 113, sf. 90-127, sf. 121<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Ko\u00e7ak, M. Hakan ve \u00c7elik,Aziz (2016) \u201cT\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f\u00e7i S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n Aya\u011fa Kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 G\u00fcn: Sara\u00e7hane Mitingi\u201d, \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve Toplum, Say\u0131: 49, sf. 647-678, sf. 647<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> H\u00fcr, Ay\u015fe (2014) Kavel, Pa\u015fabah\u00e7e ve 15-16 Haziran Direni\u015fleri, http:\/\/www.radikal.com.tr\/yazarlar\/ayse-hur\/kavel-pasabahce-ve-15-16-haziran-direnisleri-1199240\/, 29.06.2014<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Maden-\u0130\u015f, Lastik-\u0130\u015f, Bas\u0131n-\u0130\u015f ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z G\u0131da-\u0130\u015f, T\u00fcrk Maden-\u0130\u015f (Zonguldak) sendikalar\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015fmesi ile kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> Aydo\u011fano\u011flu, Erkan (2013) \u201c60’l\u0131 Y\u0131llarda \u0130\u015f\u00e7i S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 M\u00fccadelesi ve D\u0130SK’in Kurulu\u015f S\u00fcreci\u201d, \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck D\u00fcnyas\u0131, Say\u0131: 245<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a>Tasar\u0131yla 274 say\u0131s\u0131 Sendikalar Kanununda \u015fu de\u011fi\u015fiklikler getiriliyordu:\u00a0Bir i\u015f\u00e7i sendikas\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye \u00e7ap\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6sterebilmesi i\u00e7in o i\u015fkolundaki toplam i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te birini \u00fcye kaydetmi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir.\u00a0\u0130\u015f\u00e7i federasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n faaliyet g\u00f6sterebilmesi i\u00e7in o i\u015fkolundaki toplam i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te birini \u00fcye kaydetmi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i konfederasyonu kurulabilmesi i\u00e7in daha \u00f6nce s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen sendika ve federasyonlar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te birini, sendikal\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00fc\u00e7te birini \u00fcye yapmas\u0131 gerekir.\u00a0Sendika \u00fcyeli\u011finden ayr\u0131labilmek i\u00e7in tek tek noter kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmak gerekir.\u00a0Sendika kurmak i\u00e7in en az \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u015fyerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak gerekir.\u00a0Uluslararas\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i kurulu\u015flar\u0131na ancak en fazla i\u015f\u00e7iyi bar\u0131nd\u0131ran konfederasyon \u00fcye olabilir.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a>Evrensel(2015)B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Direni\u015fi:15-16 Haziran,https:\/\/www.evrensel.net\/haber\/115298\/buyuk-isci-direnisi-15-16-haziran, 15.06.2015<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> 1970 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lamayan sendikal yasalardaki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler ancak 1980 darbesiyle yap\u0131labildi.<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a>\u00c7elik,Aziz (2015) 90’lar\u0131n Hak M\u00fccadeleleri: Bahar Eylemleri Dipten Gelen Dalga, https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/emek\/161305-isci-sinifinin-ayaga-kalktigi-yillar<\/a>, 23.7.2017.<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> \u00d6zellikle g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131n\u0131n fona devri, 657 say\u0131l\u0131 Devlet Memurlar\u0131 Kanununda yap\u0131lacak de\u011fi\u015fiklik ile i\u015f g\u00fcvencesinin ortadan kalkmas\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ya\u015fan\u0131rken Emek Platformu deneyiminin \u00f6nemi daha g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a>Ko\u00e7, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m (2001) \u201cEmek Platformu\u201d, T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f E\u011fitim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Say\u0131: 72, sf. 1-22, sf. 3<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a>Evrensel (2015)Metal Grevi de Yasakland\u0131!, https:\/\/www.evrensel.net\/haber\/103374\/metal-grevi-de-yasaklandi<\/a>, 30.06.2017<\/p>\n

[14]<\/a>O\u011fhan, \u015eehriban (2015) Ve Bosch \u0130\u015f\u00e7ileri Konu\u015ftu, http:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/ve-bosch-iscileri-konustu-29050928<\/a>, 20.06.2017<\/p>\n

[15]<\/a>Yalva\u00e7, Vedat (2015) Metal \u0130\u015f\u00e7ileri Net Konu\u015ftu: Taleplerimiz Kabul Edilmeden Direni\u015f Bitmez, https:\/\/www.evrensel.net\/haber\/112986\/metal-iscileri-net-konustu-taleplerimiz-kabul-edilmeden-direnis-bitmez<\/a>, 17.06.2017<\/p>\n

[16]<\/a>Evrensel (2017)Metal \u0130\u015f\u00e7isi Grev Yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Tan\u0131mad\u0131, https:\/\/www.evrensel.net\/haber\/305266\/metal-iscisi-grev-yasagini-tanimadi, 24.06.2017<\/p>\n

[17]<\/a>Birg\u00fcn (2017)Metal \u0130\u015f\u00e7ileri Kazand\u0131, http:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber-detay\/metal-iscileri-kazandi-144324.html, 24.06.2017<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ya\u011f\u0131z Senem* Bu makalede \u00f6ncelikle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin geli\u015fimini k\u0131saca \u00f6zetleyip yak\u0131n tarihteki \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6nemli eylemlili\u011fi ele alaca\u011f\u0131z. \u0130lki 29 Ocak 2015\u2019de D\u0130SK\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 Birle\u015fik Metal-\u0130\u015f sendikas\u0131 ile MESS aras\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler kapsam\u0131ndaki metal i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin grevi; ikincisi 2015 May\u0131s\u2019\u0131nda T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 T\u00fcrk Metal sendikas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc oldu\u011fu i\u015fyerlerinde \u2013\u00f6zellikle Ko\u00e7 Holdingin i\u015fletmeleri- T\u00fcrk Metal sendikas\u0131n\u0131n anti-demokratik tutumuna kar\u015f\u0131 metal i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":340,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[479,367,359],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-338","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-10-sayi-eylul-2017","category-emek-mucadelesi","category-yagiz-senem"],"yoast_head":"\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de emek m\u00fccadelesi ve metal f\u0131rt\u0131na<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2017\/09\/05\/turkiyede-emek-mucadelesi-ve-metal-firtina\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"en_EN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de emek m\u00fccadelesi ve metal f\u0131rt\u0131na\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ya\u011f\u0131z Senem* Bu makalede \u00f6ncelikle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin geli\u015fimini k\u0131saca \u00f6zetleyip yak\u0131n tarihteki \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6nemli eylemlili\u011fi ele alaca\u011f\u0131z. \u0130lki 29 Ocak 2015\u2019de D\u0130SK\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 Birle\u015fik Metal-\u0130\u015f sendikas\u0131 ile MESS aras\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler kapsam\u0131ndaki metal i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin grevi; 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