{"id":2793,"date":"2023-01-09T21:39:19","date_gmt":"2023-01-09T18:39:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/?p=2793"},"modified":"2023-01-16T18:10:22","modified_gmt":"2023-01-16T15:10:22","slug":"kapitalist-dunyanin-guncel-acmazlarinin-anlami","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2023\/01\/09\/kapitalist-dunyanin-guncel-acmazlarinin-anlami\/","title":{"rendered":"Kapitalist d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00fcncel a\u00e7mazlar\u0131n\u0131n anlam\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ahmet Cengiz<\/strong><\/p>\n

Birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r, ekonomisiyle, sosyal ve siyasal durumuyla, uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkileri ve d\u00fczeniyle kapitalist d\u00fcnya, \u00e7e\u015fitli krizler ve sorunlar yuma\u011f\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda durmaktad\u0131r. Adeta yok yok dedirten tablo \u015fu: Pandemi, t\u0131kanan tedarik zincirleri, Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131, e\u015fsiz kapsamda yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar, ekonomik, teknolojik ve siber sava\u015flar, hortlayan militarizm ve yeni bir silahlanma dalgas\u0131, enerji krizi, arz \u015foklar\u0131, yeni g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgalar\u0131, g\u0131da krizi, a\u00e7 kitlelerin say\u0131s\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck art\u0131\u015flar[1]<\/sup><\/a>, artan kurakl\u0131k vakalar\u0131, binlerce insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle sonu\u00e7lanan sel felaketleri, orman katliam ve yang\u0131nlar\u0131, ezc\u00fcmle iklim ve \u00e7evre krizi, ileri kapitalist \u00fclkelerde beliren iki haneli enflasyon oranlar\u0131, s\u0131f\u0131r faiz politikalar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclemez hale gelmesi, borsalarda muazzam de\u011fer kay\u0131plar\u0131, gerileyen ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme, katlanan devasa devlet bor\u00e7lar\u0131, ufukta beliren resesyon ve olas\u0131 kapitalist kriz, politik krizler, \u201crefah toplumlar\u0131<\/em>\u201dnda \u201corta tabaka<\/em>\u201dn\u0131n erozyonu, konut krizi, b\u00fcy\u00fcyen yoksulla\u015fma, g\u00fcvencesizlik, ge\u00e7im s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, ve soka\u011fa ta\u015fan tepkiler, grevler, isyanlar… Bu \u201c\u00e7oklu kriz ortam\u0131<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>, bu sorunlar yuma\u011f\u0131, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmek \u015f\u00f6yle dursun, ge\u00e7en her g\u00fcnle birlikte, bir k\u00f6r d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm halini almakta. Kapitalist emperyalist sistemin \u00e7eli\u015fkilerindeki bu d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlenme s\u00fcreci, anomi belirtisi bu tablo, haliyle kitleler ve halklar aras\u0131ndaki gelecek kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmakta. Ve b\u00fcy\u00fcyen endi\u015fe ve huzursuzluk sadece ge\u00e7im derdiyle de s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fil, nitekim insanlar Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131nda n\u00fckleer taktik silahlar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na da \u015fahit olmakta. Gelinen yerde d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 ihtimali de art\u0131k bir\u00e7ok kesim taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ok uzak bir gelece\u011fin konusu olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmemekte.<\/p>\n

Burjuva s\u00f6ylemlerde, bu ortam\u0131n m\u00fcsebbibi olarak genelde Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131yla Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Ukrayna\u2019ya sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmektedir. ABD Hazine Bakan\u0131 Yellen \u00f6rne\u011fin, k\u00fcresel ekonominin y\u00fcz y\u00fcze oldu\u011fu \u201c\u00e7e\u015fitli zorluklar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun Rusya’n\u0131n Ukrayna’da s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sava\u015f ve Kovid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\/em>\u201d iddia etmektedir.[3]<\/sup><\/a> Almanya Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Scholz ise, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Ukrayna\u2019ya sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131ndan sonraki ilk meclis konu\u015fmas\u0131nda \u201cZeitenwende<\/em>\u201d kavram\u0131ndan, yani bir milattan s\u00f6z etmekteydi. Alman devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Steinmeier de 28 Ekim\u2019de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir konu\u015fmada, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Ukrayna\u2019ya sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u201cbir \u00e7a\u011f k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/em>\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlamaktayd\u0131: \u201cBa\u015fka bir zamana savurdu bizi; sava\u015fla, \u015fiddetle, g\u00f6\u00e7le ve sava\u015f\u0131n Avrupa \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir yang\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi kayg\u0131s\u0131yla karakterize olan bir zamana.<\/em>\u201d Steinmeier d\u00fcnyadaki \u201chakimiyet bo\u011fu\u015fmalar\u0131<\/em>\u201dn\u0131n giderek artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u201c\u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc ger\u00e7e\u011fin \u015fu oldu\u011fu<\/em>\u201dnu s\u00f6ylemekteydi: \u201cD\u00fcnya, bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma d\u00f6nemine do\u011fru yol almakta<\/em>\u201dd\u0131r. Bu gidi\u015fat\u0131n Almanya a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan anlam\u0131n\u0131 da \u015f\u00f6yle ifade etmekteydi: \u201cDaha \u00e7etin, daha sert y\u0131llar bizi beklemekte. Bar\u0131\u015f getirisi t\u00fckendi. Almanya i\u00e7in, ters r\u00fczgarlar\u0131n esti\u011fi bir \u00e7a\u011f ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d[4]<\/sup><\/a> \u00c7KP\u2019nin 20. Kongresindeki a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131nda da Xi Jinping, bir taraftan halk\u0131 \u201cen k\u00f6t\u00fc olaylara haz\u0131r olmaya<\/em>\u201d \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131rken (keza kongre \u00f6ncesi konu\u015fmalar\u0131nda, toplumu, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck b\u00fcy\u00fcme oranlar\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kanaatkar olmaya, az ile yetinmeye haz\u0131rlamaktayd\u0131), di\u011fer taraftan \u201cbir y\u00fczy\u0131lda g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen k\u00fcresel de\u011fi\u015fimlerin<\/em>\u201d uluslararas\u0131 planda vuku buldu\u011funu ve \u00c7in\u2019in \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u201ctehlikeli f\u0131rt\u0131nalar<\/em>\u201d durdu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klamaktayd\u0131. \u00d6te yandan, Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u201ciyilerin ve<\/em> k\u00f6t\u00fclerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kovboy filmi gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme<\/em>\u201dnin hata oldu\u011funu belirten Papa Francis\u2019e g\u00f6re ise, ortada sadece \u201cRusya ile Ukrayna aras\u0131nda bir sava\u015f<\/em>\u201d yoktu, \u201chay\u0131r, bu bir d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131<\/em>\u201dyd\u0131!<\/p>\n

Bu arada yaz\u0131l\u0131 ve g\u00f6rsel bas\u0131nda (hemen hemen t\u00fcm ileri kapitalist \u00fclkelerde!) \u201cd\u00fcnya d\u00fczeni<\/em>\u201dyle alakal\u0131 haber ve programlar birbirini izlemekte, askeri uzmanlar\u0131n, politikac\u0131lar\u0131n ve alan\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler olan akademisyenlerin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 paneller birbirini takip etmekte, konuyla ilgili pe\u015f pe\u015fe yeni kitaplar yay\u0131nlanmakta. Hepsinin ortak noktas\u0131; d\u00fcnyaya yeni bir d\u00fczen gerek! \u201cD\u00fcnyan\u0131n jeopolitik bak\u0131mdan yeniden d\u00fczenlenmesi<\/em>\u201d[5]<\/sup><\/a> art\u0131k \u015fart, hatta ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz! Mu\u011flak olan, bu \u201cyeniden d\u00fczenlemede<\/em>\u201d kimin nerede ve nas\u0131l konumlanaca\u011f\u0131, ne kadar rol oynayabilece\u011fi.<\/p>\n

Emareler, \u201ck\u00fcreselle\u015fme furyas\u0131<\/em>\u201dyla \u015fekillenen d\u00fcnyaya enjekte edilen \u201ck\u00fcresel iyimserli\u011fin<\/em>\u201d s\u00f6n\u00fcmleni\u015fine delalet ediyor. Gidi\u015fat ola\u011fan\u0131 arat\u0131yor. Geli\u015fmelerin hacmi ve h\u0131z\u0131, tekelci burjuvazi taraf\u0131ndan \u201ckom\u00fcnizm \u00fczerindeki zafer<\/em>\u201dle olu\u015fturulan yata\u011f\u0131 zorluyor. Ve s\u0131n\u0131flar aras\u0131 m\u00fccadeleler; sermayenin \u201ctarihi zafer<\/em>\u201d kuma\u015f\u0131ndan dikti\u011fi korseye s\u0131\u011fmayan, karga\u015fal\u0131 ve karma\u015f\u0131k, nereden s\u00f6k\u00fcn eyleyece\u011fi belirsiz bir safhaya e\u011filim g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015fl\u0131yor…<\/p>\n

\u015e\u00fcphesiz ki, bu \u201c\u00e7oklu kriz ortam\u0131<\/em>\u201dnda konjonkt\u00fcrel olanla olmayan\u0131 ay\u0131rt etmek gerekiyor. Aksi takdirde, girilen yeni d\u00f6nemin ne as\u0131l \u00f6zelli\u011fi, ne de gebe oldu\u011fu geli\u015fmeler do\u011fru anla\u015f\u0131labilir. Bu yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; b\u00fcy\u00fck salg\u0131nla Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n kapitalist d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bu ortam\u0131n\u0131n as\u0131l nedeni olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, fakat ortam\u0131n boyutlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcmesinde yang\u0131n h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na benzer bir etkide bulundu\u011fu ve bu etki nedeniyle sorunlar yuma\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zme imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fman\u0131n da \u015fimdiye kadar idare edilebilir baz\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclemez k\u0131lmas\u0131 itibar\u0131yla yeni a\u00e7mazlara yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir.<\/p>\n

\u0130ster b\u00fcy\u00fck salg\u0131n, isterse Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131, emperyalist kapitalizme has \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ve rastlant\u0131sal d\u0131\u015fsal fakt\u00f6rler olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p \u015fimdi onlara etkide bulunmuyor, aksine bu \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131d\u0131r. Ku\u015fkusuz, yukarda \u201c\u00e7oklu kriz ortam\u0131<\/em>\u201dn\u0131n g\u00f6stergeleri olarak s\u0131ralananlar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011fu yeni belirmi\u015f olgular de\u011fildir. Fakat onlara, yeni bir durumun g\u00f6stergeleri anlam\u0131n\u0131 veren, tesad\u00fcfen bir arada olmay\u0131\u015flar\u0131, yani; \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmemi\u015f sorunlar olarak belirli bir zaman diliminde yo\u011funla\u015farak birikmeleri, bu birikimin d\u00fczeyinin ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 nokta itibar\u0131yla kapitalizme i\u00e7kin \u00e7eli\u015fkileri ekonomik ve politik bak\u0131mdan idare etme alan\u0131n\u0131 ve imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 giderek daraltmas\u0131, bu daralman\u0131n ise tekil sorunlar\u0131n birbirleriyle olan dolayl\u0131 ili\u015fkilerini dolays\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 ve bu suretle (ekonomik-politik) sistemin kendisini sorunsalla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 ve bu evreye meyletmeleri itibar\u0131yla aralar\u0131ndaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 etkile\u015fimin, kapitalist sistemdeki s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelelerinin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcnde (devletler\/tekeller aras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, tek tek s\u0131n\u0131flar aras\u0131nda da) mevzi ve stratejik\/taktik tutum de\u011fi\u015fikliklerini ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz k\u0131lmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131, emperyalist devletler aras\u0131 hegemonya m\u00fccadelelerinin akt\u00fcel bir de\u011ferlendirmesini sunmaktan ziyade, keskinle\u015fen bu m\u00fccadelelerin \u00e7er\u00e7evesindeki tektonik kaymalar\u0131n arka plan\u0131na ve olas\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekmektir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zafer Sarho\u015flu\u011fu ve Ekti\u011fini Bi\u00e7mek<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7in\u2019in sermaye birikimi, \u00fcretim kapasitesi ve teknolojik ilerleme ve potansiyeli bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ABD\u2019nin hegemonyas\u0131n\u0131 tehdit eden bir geli\u015fme kaydetmesi ve giderek \u201cyeni bir oyun kurucu<\/em>\u201d olarak kendi ba\u015f\u0131na hareket etmesi, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n kendisine bi\u00e7ilen rol\u00fc (benzincisin, benzinci kal!) kabul etmemesi ve askeri g\u00fcc\u00fcne yaslanarak yol almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 vb., yani k\u0131sacas\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc uluslararas\u0131 \u201cd\u00fczensizlik<\/em>\u201d veya \u201c\u00e7at\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeni<\/em>\u201d, ba\u015fta ABD olmak \u00fczere Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n emperyalist devletleriyle tekelci burjuvazisinin Sovyetler Birli\u011fi \u00fczerinde kaydetti\u011fi zaferin ard\u0131ndan d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde giri\u015fti\u011fi ya\u011fma ve talan\u0131n ve bunun gerisindeki kapitalist ekonomi politikalar\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucudur esasta. Gelinen yerde, zaman\u0131yla \u201ckom\u00fcnizm \u00fczerindeki zaferini<\/em>\u201d ilan eden Bat\u0131 kapitalizmi, o zafer sarho\u015flu\u011funun besledi\u011fi h\u0131rs ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 g\u00fcvenle ektiklerinin \u00fcretti\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131klarla y\u00fcz y\u00fczedir.<\/p>\n

Her ne kadar baz\u0131lar\u0131 bu sonucu, adeta \u201ckendim ettim kendim buldum<\/em>\u201d \u015fark\u0131s\u0131ndaki sitemi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran bir mant\u0131kla a\u00e7\u0131klamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fsa da, yani bu sonucu \u201cliberal demokrasinin naifli\u011fi<\/em>\u201dnden veya \u201cill\u00fczyonlar\u0131<\/em>\u201dndan ya da \u201cd\u00fcnya d\u00fczeni kavram\u0131ndaki krizden<\/em>\u201d[6]<\/sup><\/a> kaynaklanan bir sorun olarak g\u00f6sterse de, i\u015fin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu vurgulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hadiseler vard\u0131r ki, g\u00f6lgeleri kendileriyle birlikte yok olmaz. Kapitalist d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc tablosunun olu\u015fumuna ku\u015fkusuz bir\u00e7ok fakt\u00f6r etki yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, ancak d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde tayin edici olanlar esasta \u015funlard\u0131: Politik bak\u0131mdan 1989\/91 d\u00f6nemeci, yani SB ve Do\u011fu Blok\u2019un \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelelerine etkisi. Ekonomik bak\u0131mdan ise, 90\u2019lar\u0131n \u201cneoliberal k\u00fcreselle\u015fme<\/em>\u201d furyas\u0131yla tesis edilen yeni uluslararas\u0131 i\u015fb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve sermaye birikimi rejiminin \u00fcremesine yol verdi\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131klar, 2008\/9 d\u00fcnya ekonomik krizi ve tahribatlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda emperyalist devletlerin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tedbirler ve izledikleri ekonomi politikalar\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz \u201cyan etkileri<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

1989\/91 d\u00f6nemecinin emek ile sermaye (keza ezilen halklarla emperyalist devletler) aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fc\u00e7ler dengesine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6kl\u00fc etkilerle ilgili \u00f6zellikle dergimizde \u00e7ok \u015fey yaz\u0131ld\u0131. Bunlar\u0131 burada tekrarlamamak \u00fczere, bu tarihi olay\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve halklar \u00fczerindeki hem politik\/moral etkisini hem de onlar\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131nda neden oldu\u011fu tahribatlar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcten bir ba\u015fka hususa k\u0131saca de\u011finelim: 1970\u2019lerin sonlar\u0131 ve 80\u2019lerin hemen ba\u015f\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere ve ABD\u2019de, daha sonralar\u0131 di\u011fer emperyalist \u00fclkelerde \u201cneoliberalizm<\/em>\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanan bir ekonomi politikaya ge\u00e7ildi. Ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle, mali sermayenin emek hareketine topyek\u00fbn sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 SB\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nce ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

An\u0131msayal\u0131m: Reagan 1981\u2019de devrald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fkanl\u0131k g\u00f6revinin ilk y\u0131l\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir grevle y\u00fczle\u015fti. 1981 A\u011fustosu\u2019nda 13 bin u\u00e7u\u015f kontrol g\u00f6revlisi, esas olarak \u00fccret art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve haftada be\u015f yerine d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u015f b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Reagan y\u00f6netiminin tutumu ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc sert oldu. 48 saat i\u00e7erisinde grevi sonland\u0131rmayanlar\u0131n i\u015fine son verilece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131. Bu kamu emek\u00e7ilerinin yaln\u0131zca % 10\u2019nun i\u015fba\u015f\u0131 yapmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, Reagan tehdidini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi ve 11 bin u\u00e7u\u015f kontrol g\u00f6revlisinin i\u015fine hemen son verdi, ayr\u0131ca onlar\u0131 \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu kamu i\u015finden men etti! Bu sert ve sald\u0131rgan tutum tabii ki kamu alan\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmad\u0131, adeta bir i\u015faret fi\u015fe\u011fi gibiydi, nitekim \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rdeki patronlar da i\u015f\u00e7ilerin taleplerine ayn\u0131 sertlikte kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131. ABD\u2019deki i\u015f\u00e7i hareketi m\u00fcteakip y\u0131llarda b\u00fcy\u00fck darbeler ald\u0131. Benzer bir durum 1984\u2019de Thatcher \u0130ngiltere\u2019sinde oldu. Madencilerin tam bir y\u0131l s\u00fcren grevi (Miners\u2019 Strike) yenilgiyle sonu\u00e7land\u0131. Bu yenilgi, hem Thatcher y\u00f6netiminin dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cneoliberal<\/em>\u201d ekonomi politikalar\u0131n\u0131n galebe \u00e7almas\u0131yd\u0131, hem de grev esnas\u0131nda Thatcher\u2019in \u201ci\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015fman<\/em>\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sendikalar\u0131n onlarca y\u0131l kendilerine gelememeleriyle sonu\u00e7land\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fka kelimelerle s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse, SB\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ileri kapitalist \u00fclkelerdeki i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin a\u011f\u0131r darbeler almaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hareketinin zay\u0131flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir safhada ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Bu ard\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k, SB\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zellikle ileri kapitalist \u00fclkelerinin i\u015f\u00e7i hareketi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha derin izler b\u0131rakmas\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131ca ko\u015fullad\u0131. Ve tabii ki o \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de mali sermayenin elini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fta Anglosakson \u00fclkelerde olmak \u00fczere i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n bu topyek\u00fbn sald\u0131r\u0131yla y\u00fcz y\u00fcze gelmesi, yani ileri kapitalist \u00fclkelerdeki tekelci burjuvazinin Keynezyen politikalar\u0131 terk etmesi rastlant\u0131sal de\u011fildi elbette. Keynezyen politikalar, bir taraftan 1974-75\u2019teki petrol krizinden kaynaklanan daralman\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, kolay kredi yoluyla talebin s\u00fcbvanse edilmesini ve bu suretle iktisadi b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7ekte s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilir k\u0131lmay\u0131 vb. sa\u011flarken, di\u011fer taraftan da kamu ve \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r bor\u00e7lar\u0131nda muazzam art\u0131\u015flara, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00fct\u00e7e ve y\u00fcksek cari i\u015flemler a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131na neden olmaktayd\u0131. Bu politikalar, \u00f6zellikle imalat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde o y\u0131llardaki k\u00e2rl\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc engelleyemiyordu, \u00fcstelik gev\u015fek para politikas\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131 enflasyonun artmas\u0131n\u0131 da beraberinde getiriyordu. Hatta ABD \u00f6zelinde 1978\u2019de cari i\u015flemler a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131, dolar\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 rezerv para olma konumunu tehdit etmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[8]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte Milton Friedman\u2019\u0131n \u201calt\u0131n kelep\u00e7eleri<\/em>\u201d; yani enflasyonun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, devletin ekonomiden \u201cgeri \u00e7ekilmesi<\/em>\u201d, dengeli b\u00fct\u00e7e, vergilerin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, piyasalar\u0131n \u201cliberalle\u015ftirilmesi<\/em>\u201d, \u201carz-y\u00f6nl\u00fc ekonomi<\/em>\u201d kisvesi alt\u0131nda sert kemer s\u0131kma politikalar\u0131 vb. bu gidi\u015fat\u0131 tersine \u00e7evirmenin, \u00e7etinle\u015fen rekabet ko\u015fullar\u0131nda hamle yapma d\u00fcrt\u00fcs\u00fcyle yan\u0131p tutu\u015fan mali sermayenin elini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmenin, i\u015fsizli\u011fin artmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ze alarak \u00fccretleri bask\u0131laman\u0131n bir konseptiydi. D\u00fcnya ekonomisindeki rekabetin k\u0131z\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 gibi uluslararas\u0131 geli\u015fmelerle de ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bu konsepte uygun politikalara ge\u00e7ilmesinden yaln\u0131zca birka\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra bu sefer SB\u2019nin de \u00e7\u00f6kmesi, \u201cneoliberalizm<\/em>\u201din adeta tarihsel bir do\u011frulanmas\u0131 olarak lanse edildi. Ve bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere, bu geli\u015fmelerin ard\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sundu\u011fu olanaklarla da bu politikalar 90\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llardan itibaren d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde uygulanmaya, daha do\u011frusu dayat\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu ara ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kapatmadan \u00f6nce, bu sald\u0131r\u0131 politikas\u0131n\u0131n \u201cneoliberalizm<\/em>\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131na dair k\u0131sa notumuzu d\u00fc\u015felim: Bug\u00fcn \u201cliberalizm<\/em>\u201d olarak ifade edilenin, ayd\u0131nlanma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle ya da onu takip eden 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n klasik liberalizmiyle hi\u00e7bir alakas\u0131 yoktur. \u015e\u00f6yle ki: \u201cLiberalizmin politik idealleri, onu, kendi ekonomi modelinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131yla y\u00fcz y\u00fcze getirmektedir. Bu nedenle, liberalizmin politik-toplumsal de\u011fer tasavvurlar\u0131n\u0131n kapitalist ekonomide vuku bulan pratikle uyu\u015fabilir, kendi i\u00e7inde tutarl\u0131 bir neoliberalizm konsepti s\u00f6z konusu olamaz.<\/em>\u201d[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u00d6rne\u011fin Almanya kendi ekonomi modelini \u201csosyal piyasa ekonomisi<\/em>\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlamakta, yani bu tan\u0131mda bile, liberal piyasa ekonomisinin klasik modelinin kapitalizme i\u00e7kin \u00e7eli\u015fkileri kendi ba\u015f\u0131na dengeleyemedi\u011finin bir kabul\u00fc s\u00f6z konusudur. Bu bak\u0131mdan bug\u00fcn \u201cneo<\/em>\u201d \u00f6n ekiyle iddia edildi\u011fi \u00fczere, yeni<\/em> bir liberalizmle de y\u00fcz y\u00fcze de\u011filiz (olsa olsa \u201csosyal piyasa ekonomisi<\/em>\u201dnin fikir babalar\u0131 olarak Freiburg Okulu\u2019nun \u201cordo-liberalizm<\/em>\u201d teorisyenleri kendilerini b\u00f6yle tan\u0131mlayabilirdi).[10]<\/sup><\/a> Kapitalist pazarda belirli sermaye gruplar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131, sermaye birikiminin i\u00e7kin e\u011filimlerinden biridir zaten. Bunun tekeller ve mali sermaye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck boyutlar ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 (yani serbest rekabet ve piyasan\u0131n esasta laf\u0131zda oldu\u011fu), kapitalist devletin de, zaman zaman bu yo\u011funla\u015fma kritik boyutlara ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda piyasaya m\u00fcdahale etmek zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya krizde sars\u0131nt\u0131 ge\u00e7iren sekt\u00f6r ve sermayedarlar taraf\u0131ndan bunun bizzat talep de edildi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k olsa gerek. Bundand\u0131r ki, serbest pazara veya pazar akt\u00f6rlerinin \u00f6zg\u00fcr hareketine ya da pazar\u0131n kendili\u011finden kendi dengesini buldu\u011fu masallar\u0131na en ba\u015fta \u201cneoliberaller<\/em>\u201din kendileri inanmamaktad\u0131rlar. \u201cNeoliberalizm<\/em>\u201d kavram\u0131; tekelci burjuvazinin ve devletinin, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n politik, ekonomik ve sosyal kazan\u0131mlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik b\u00fcy\u00fck taarruzunu perdelemek \u00fczere uydurulmu\u015f ve mali sermaye ve oligar\u015finin s\u0131n\u0131fsal tahakk\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc gizlemek \u00fczere \u201cideolojik bir \u00f6rt\u00fc<\/em>\u201d i\u015flevi g\u00f6ren yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 bir kavramd\u0131r ve olup bitenle bir alakas\u0131 yoktur.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Yeniden Bi\u00e7imlendirilen D\u00fcnya Ekonomisi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Malum, 90\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren d\u00fcnya, \u201cneoliberal<\/em>\u201d prensiplere dayanan bir \u201ck\u00fcreselle\u015fmeye<\/em>\u201d tabi tutuldu. Ama bizi burada ilgilendiren, o y\u0131llarda ne anlamda \u201ck\u00fcresel<\/em>\u201d bir d\u00fcnya ekonomisinin in\u015fa edildi\u011fi ve bu tekelci kapitalist in\u015faya ba\u015ftan i\u00e7kin olan \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin bug\u00fcn belirginle\u015fen sonu\u00e7lar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n kapsam\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmemek i\u00e7in esas olarak \u00fcretim alan\u0131nda olanlar\u0131 \u00f6zetleyelim. Bilindi\u011fi gibi, Friedman\u2019\u0131n \u201calt\u0131n kelep\u00e7e<\/em>\u201dsiyle mali sermayenin 90\u2019lardan bug\u00fcne kadar uzanan \u201calt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u201d ta\u00e7land\u0131. \u201cAlt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f<\/em>\u201d idi, zira i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 on y\u0131llar \u00f6nce u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde yenilginin ard\u0131ndan deforme etti\u011fi belirli sosyalist bi\u00e7imler kullanan sosyalizm iddial\u0131 revizyonist egemenlik de \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f, \u00f6zg\u00fcveni k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n sendikal \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, halklar\u0131n ve \u00fclkelerin kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 ve ekonomilerini \u00e7evreleyen (ulusal) bariyerler b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda tasfiye edilmi\u015fti. Politik bak\u0131mdan olu\u015fan bu zemin, o y\u0131llar\u0131n hemen \u00f6ncesinden ba\u015flayan, d\u00fcnya \u00fcretimi ve ticaretinin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesinde de ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yeni imkanlar sunan teknolojik geli\u015fmelerle tahkim edildi. B\u00f6ylece \u201ck\u00fcreselle\u015fme<\/em>\u201d yoluyla, yani \u00fcretimin ve o \u00fcretimdeki i\u015fb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde bir a\u011f olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi sayesinde, tekelci burjuvazi, merkez \u00fclkelerdeki emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn yeniden \u00fcretiminin maliyetlerini ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc, \u00e7ok uzak \u00fclkelerde de art-de\u011fer s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc ve k\u00e2r oranlar\u0131nda muazzam art\u0131\u015flar kaydetti. Bat\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck tekelleri, bizzat kendi devletlerinin yard\u0131m\u0131yla da (ticari anla\u015fmalar, serbest ticaret b\u00f6lgelerinin tesisi, mali destek ve g\u00fcvenceler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla), k\u00fcresel de\u011fer (\u00fcretim) zinciriyle, (bunun ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u015fekillenen) k\u00fcresel tedarik zincirleri a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 in\u015fa edebildiler.<\/p>\n

\u00dcretimin bir\u00e7ok \u00f6gesi ve a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131n yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na, \u00f6zellikle de emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn ucuz oldu\u011fu \u00fclkelere kayd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 (offshoring), tekeller a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan k\u00e2r oranlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fme e\u011filimi, k\u00e2rl\u0131l\u0131k ve verimlilik gibi sorunlar\u0131 a\u015fmada yepyeni olanaklar sundu. Temel d\u00fcrt\u00fc, ama, \u00fccret maliyetlerini a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya \u00e7ekmekti. \u00d6rne\u011fin 2005 y\u0131l\u0131na ait bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re, \u201csaat \u00fccreti 21 dolar olan ABD\u2019li bir fabrika i\u015f\u00e7isi, 64 cente \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00c7inli bir i\u015f\u00e7iyle yer de\u011fi\u015ftiriyor<\/em>\u201ddu.[11]<\/sup><\/a> Ba\u015fta ABD olmak \u00fczere Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck tekelleri k\u00e2rlar\u0131n\u0131n giderek artan bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 deniz a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00fclke ve b\u00f6lgelerde sa\u011flamaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Sadece bir \u00f6rnek: 1977 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD tekellerinin net kazan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k % 17\u2019si yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015ftiraklerine dayan\u0131yorken, bu oran 1994\u2019de % 27 ve 2006\u2019da ise % 48,6\u2019y\u0131 bulmu\u015ftu! Sermaye ihrac\u0131 yeni de\u011fildi elbette, ancak bu muazzam k\u00e2r oranlar\u0131 ve onun \u00fczerinde y\u00fckseldi\u011fi k\u00fcresel de\u011fer zincirleri sermaye ihrac\u0131nda yeni bir boyuttu. Bu durumda, ABD\u2019deki sanayi i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 2000\u2019li y\u0131llar boyunca 17 milyondan 11 milyona d\u00fc\u015fmesinin anla\u015f\u0131lmayacak bir yan\u0131 yoktu (ku\u015fkusuz bu geli\u015fme tek de\u011fil, ama temel nedeniydi).<\/p>\n

Bu s\u00fcrecin \u00f6nemsiz olmayan di\u011fer bir y\u00f6n\u00fc de, b\u00fcy\u00fck tekellerin \u00fcretimdeki bask\u0131n konumlar\u0131n\u0131n ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc per\u00e7inlenmesi ve k\u00fcresel de\u011fer zincirlerini in\u015fa ederken (\u00fclke i\u00e7i ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki) yan sanayiye ba\u015fta fiyatlarda olmak \u00fczere (yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00fcr\u00fcn kalitesi, \u00fcretim ko\u015fullar\u0131, teslimat s\u00fcreleri vb.) bir dizi a\u011f\u0131r ko\u015fullar\u0131 dayatabilmesiydi. Bu, hem giderlerde b\u00fcy\u00fck tasarruf hem de risk s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yordu onlara. Konumlar\u0131ndaki bu g\u00fc\u00e7lenmenin k\u00e2rlar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan etkisine \u00f6rnek olarak Apple verilebilir. 2010\u2019da Apple, iPhone\u2019nun perakende sat\u0131\u015f fiyat\u0131n\u0131n (549 dolar\u0131n) % 58\u2019ne k\u00e2r olarak el koyabilirken, \u00c7inli i\u015f\u00e7inin pay\u0131na yaln\u0131zca % 1,8 (10 dolar) d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyordu! (Benzer \u00f6rnekler pek \u00e7ok ba\u015fka \u00fcr\u00fcnle ilgili de verilebilir.)[12]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki co\u011frafi mesafeleri g\u00f6recele\u015ftiren ve teknolojinin yeni olanaklar\u0131na dayanan bu yeni derinle\u015fme, ILO\u2019nun 2015 raporuna g\u00f6re, d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011findeki k\u00fcresel de\u011fer (meta) zincirlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 i\u015fyerlerinin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 1995 ila 2013 aras\u0131nda h\u0131zla art\u0131rd\u0131 ve art\u0131k her be\u015f i\u015fyerinden birinin bu zincirlere ba\u011fl\u0131 olmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131.[13]<\/sup><\/a> Bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnya ticaretinin yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7te biri, tekel i\u00e7i ticaretten, yani uluslararas\u0131 tekellerin \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerdeki \u015fubeleri aras\u0131ndaki meta dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan meydana gelmektedir. Bu durumun da etkisiyle, k\u00fcresel de\u011fer zincirinin belirli bir halkas\u0131nda bulunan \u00fcreticiler kendi \u00fclkelerinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fan bir i\u00e7 pazara dahil edilmi\u015f oldular, b\u00f6ylece kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenme ve \u00fcretim hacimlerini b\u00fcy\u00fctme imkanlar\u0131 da artt\u0131. Buradaki meta de\u011fi\u015fimleri, say\u0131s\u0131z \u00f6n \u00fcr\u00fcnleri\/unsurlar\u0131 \u00fcreten firmalar aras\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi i\u00e7in, ayn\u0131 veya benzer \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u00fcretenlerinin k\u00fcresel bir ticareti de geli\u015fti. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, d\u00fcnya ticaretinde birbirleriyle alakas\u0131 olmayan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin bir al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi (diyelim tar\u0131msal \u00fcr\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k mikro \u00e7ip) ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmiyordu sadece; ayn\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerle (otomobil, elektronik e\u015fyalar vb.) birbirleriyle rekabet eden \u00fclkelerin say\u0131s\u0131 da art\u0131yordu. Bu durumda bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretimi \u00fczerinden teknoloji transferi de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaktayd\u0131. B\u00f6lgelerdeki yan sanayi firmalar\u0131ndan talep edilenin d\u00fczeyi art\u0131k\u00e7a, daha fazla sermaye mallar\u0131 ve e\u011fitim gerekli hale geldi. Ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle, \u00fcretimin belirli k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n, hatta \u00f6nemli k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n, yukarda belirtilen ili\u015fkiler ve zemin \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na kayd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, ilgili alan ve sekt\u00f6rlerde yeni rakiplerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 da yaratm\u0131\u015f oldu.[14]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na ayr\u0131 bir yaz\u0131n\u0131n konusu olmakla birlikte, burada belirtmeden ge\u00e7emeyece\u011fiz bir ba\u015fka husus da, bir s\u00fcreden beri \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan ekonominin \u201cfinansalla\u015fmas\u0131<\/em>\u201d sorunsal\u0131n\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n esas olarak yukar\u0131da kaba hatlar\u0131yla \u00e7izilen s\u00fcre\u00e7te bulundu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fidir. Hat\u0131rlanacakt\u0131r; 70\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda \u00f6nce ABD\u2019de sonra di\u011fer ileri kapitalist \u00fclkelerde finans piyasas\u0131 \u201cliberalle\u015ftirilme<\/em>\u201dye ba\u015fland\u0131. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, \u00f6ncelikle dola\u015f\u0131mda olan para miktar\u0131n\u0131n belirli bir \u00fcr\u00fcn veya alt\u0131n gibi maddi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 olmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Sonralar\u0131 bu \u201cliberalle\u015ftirme<\/em>\u201dnin kapsam\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zellikle 90\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda alabildi\u011fince geni\u015fletilmesiyle, \u201creel ekonomi ile finans ekonomisi\u201c <\/em>aras\u0131ndaki de\u011fer dengesi h\u0131zla finans\u0131n lehine d\u00f6nmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin 1980\u2019de \u201creel ekonomiye<\/em>\u201d ait de\u011ferlerin hacmi \u201cfinans ekonomisi<\/em>\u201dnin iki mislisi iken, bu denge 80\u2019li y\u0131llardan ba\u015flayarak alt\u00fcst oldu. Bug\u00fcn ise d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde finans sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde sat\u0131l\u0131p al\u0131nan de\u011ferlerin hacmi \u201creel ekonomi<\/em>\u201ddekinin d\u00f6rt mislisidir![15]<\/sup><\/a> Avrupa\u2019da bile finans sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u201creel ekonomi<\/em>\u201dye g\u00f6re son 20 y\u0131lda ikiye katland\u0131. Burjuva iktisatta bu olay genellikle s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen liberalle\u015fmelerle (dereg\u00fclasyon) a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r. Ancak, finans sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 yasalar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, para sermaye fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve \u201cfinans ekonomisi<\/em>\u201dndeki \u015fi\u015fmenin nedeni de\u011fildir, yasalardaki de\u011fi\u015fim, tekelci kapitalizmde nesnel olarak olan ve giderek g\u00fc\u00e7lenen bir e\u011filimin geli\u015fiminin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131yla alakal\u0131d\u0131r. Finans sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde son 30 y\u0131lda ya\u015fanan h\u0131zl\u0131 ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin as\u0131l nedeni, yukarda s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen ve sermaye birikimi, art\u0131-de\u011fer s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc ve tekellerin k\u00e2r oranlar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan d\u00fcnya ekonomisinde ya\u015fanan ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc d\u00f6nemdir.[16]<\/sup><\/a> Bu d\u00f6nemin \u00f6zellikle Bat\u0131n\u0131n mali sermayesi i\u00e7in a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir sermaye birikimini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, gelinen yerde \u201creel ekonomideki<\/em>\u201d k\u00e2r oranlar\u0131yla yetinemeyecek[17]<\/sup><\/a> kadar \u015fi\u015fen bu para sermeye fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, \u00fcretimde \u201calt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f<\/em>\u201dda yakalanan s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve k\u00e2r oranlar\u0131ndan beslenerek b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fclmelidir. Ve \u015fimdi bu a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 birikmi\u015f sermaye fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131, hem a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 k\u00e2r oranlar\u0131n\u0131 yakalama d\u00fcrt\u00fcs\u00fcyle reel \u00fcretimin \u00fczerinde bir bas\u0131n\u00e7 olu\u015fturmakta, hem de devasa hacmiyle ola\u011fan ekonomik krizlerin tahribat d\u00fczeyini art\u0131ran bir risk fakt\u00f6r\u00fc te\u015fkil etmektedir.[18]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

K\u0131sacas\u0131, emperyalist kapitalist \u00fclkelerde 70\u2019li y\u0131llardaki s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 a\u015fma \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak alabildi\u011fince ivmelenen sermaye ihrac\u0131 ve \u00fcretimdeki offshoring y\u00f6nelimi, 1989\/91 d\u00f6nemeciyle birlikte uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7ekte e\u015fsiz elveri\u015fli bir politik \u00e7er\u00e7eveye kavu\u015farak, d\u00fcnya ekonomisini; \u00fcretimin \u00f6rg\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc yenileme, verili i\u015fb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc derinle\u015ftirme, ticari kurallar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirip yeniden d\u00fczenleme ve yeni teknolojik imkanlar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirme bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yeniden bi\u00e7imlendirdi. Denilebilir ki, tesis edilen bu yeni uluslararas\u0131 \u00fcretim modeli ve sermaye birikim rejiminden en azami fayday\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 2008 krizine kadar Bat\u0131l\u0131 devlet ve tekeller sa\u011flad\u0131. \u00c7in, Hindistan gibi \u00fclkelerin burjuvazileri de bu s\u00fcre\u00e7ten ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri faydalanmakta, bu gibi \u00fclkelerde ciddi bir sermaye birikimi ve ekonomik geli\u015fme kaydedilmekteydi. Fakat \u201ck\u00fcreselle\u015fme furyas\u0131<\/em>\u201d y\u0131llar\u0131nda adeta ilelebet s\u00fcrecekmi\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen bu \u201ckazan-kazan<\/em>\u201d al\u0131\u015fveri\u015findeki i\u00e7 orant\u0131lar, bizzat Bat\u0131l\u0131 tekellerin, giderlerde olas\u0131 maksimum tasarrufla azami k\u00e2r\u0131 sa\u011flamak \u00fczere olu\u015fumuna yol verdi\u011fi ekonomik rejimin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bir \u201cyan \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc<\/em>\u201d olarak giderek de\u011fi\u015fmeye ba\u015flamaktayd\u0131. Sermaye birikimindeki art\u0131\u015f, vuku buldu\u011fu alan ve b\u00f6lgelerde ister istemez yeni bir merkezile\u015fmeyi kam\u00e7\u0131lamaktayd\u0131. Bat\u0131l\u0131 tekeller kazanmaya devam etmekle beraber, geriden gelenler g\u00f6rece daha b\u00fcy\u00fck ve h\u0131zl\u0131 bir geli\u015fme kaydetmekteydiler (\u00c7in \u00f6rne\u011fin 2008 krizinin hemen ard\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomisi olmu\u015ftur!). Bu geli\u015fmenin \u201ckazan-kazan<\/em>\u201d masas\u0131nda oturanlar\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de \u015fimdiye kadar masan\u0131n sefas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrenleri rahats\u0131z etmesi \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 olmasa gerek. \u00c7in, bahsedilen i\u00e7 orant\u0131lardaki de\u011fi\u015fimin ekonomik dengelere yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 etki itibar\u0131yla yeni bir rakip g\u00fcc\u00fcn ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00f6rne\u011fidir.[19]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Gelinen yer itibar\u0131yla, Bat\u0131l\u0131 devlet ve tekellerinin \u201ctarihi zafer<\/em>\u201d r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131n\u0131 pe\u015flerine takarak kurduklar\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler, \u015fekillendirdikleri d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeni ve bunun \u00fczerinde y\u00fckseldi\u011fi uluslararas\u0131 ekonomik rejim, rakip g\u00fc\u00e7lerce fiilen ve g\u00fcnden g\u00fcne aleyhlerine de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011frat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zel bir d\u00f6nemin ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc<\/em> tekel k\u00e2rlar\u0131, art\u0131-de\u011fer oranlar\u0131 ve sermaye birikimi, Bat\u0131l\u0131 devlet ve tekellerin yeni meydan okumalarla y\u00fcz y\u00fcze gelmesi itibar\u0131yla ciddi bir tehdit alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczen sorununun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve bu sorunun \u015fimdiye kadarki d\u00fczenden azami fayday\u0131 sa\u011flayan ABD taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6zellikle g\u00fcndeme getirilmesinin temelinde de yukarda dikkat \u00e7ekilen geli\u015fmeler ve meydan okumalar durmaktad\u0131r. Ve sorunun kendisi, ba\u015fka de\u011fil de belirtilen \u00f6zelliklere sahip bir geli\u015fmenin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc oldu\u011fundan, bug\u00fcn tehdit alt\u0131nda olan sadece d\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelerdeki pazar paylar\u0131 de\u011fil, \u00fclke i\u00e7inde bu paylar \u00fczerine son 30 y\u0131lda bina edilmi\u015f olan ekonomik ve sosyal dengelerdir de.[20]<\/sup><\/a> Ve unutmayal\u0131m ki, ileri kapitalist \u00fclkelerdeki bu i\u00e7 dengeler \u201cneoliberal k\u00fcreselle\u015fme<\/em>\u201d furyas\u0131yla daha da sa\u011flamla\u015fmad\u0131! Aksine; sermaye ihrac\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u201cbedeli<\/em>\u201d, bu \u00fclkelerdeki ekonomik altyap\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rece zay\u0131flamas\u0131yd\u0131. Nitekim, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u00fclke i\u00e7i e\u015fitsizliklerin ve ho\u015fnutsuzluklar\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu geli\u015fmelerin de yerle\u015fik partiler sistemini (di\u011fer bir ifadeyle, oturmu\u015f hegemonya anlat\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131) sarst\u0131\u011f\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131flar aras\u0131ndaki dengeyi \u015fekillendiren ili\u015fkilerde yeni hassasiyet ve s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmelerin olu\u015ftu\u011fu bilinmektedir. \u00d6te yandan, son 30 y\u0131ll\u0131k \u201calt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f<\/em>\u201ddaki geli\u015fmenin geldi\u011fi nokta, sadece de\u011fil ama \u00f6zellikle Anglosakson \u00fclkelerdeki sermayenin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 birikiminin, sermayenin \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcretici kitlelerin m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirilmelerine ve yoksulla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131na dayanan<\/em>\u201d kendi de\u011ferini koruma ve geni\u015fletme s\u00fcrecini[21]<\/sup><\/a>, a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6ncesi gibi sanc\u0131s\u0131z olmayacak yeni s\u0131n\u0131rlarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya getirdi. 2008 krizi sonras\u0131 izlenen s\u0131f\u0131r faiz ve gev\u015fek para politikalar\u0131yla burada yo\u011funla\u015fan ve bir y\u00f6n\u00fcyle krizle bo\u015falt\u0131lan bas\u0131n\u00e7[22]<\/sup><\/a>, \u015fimdi daha da katlanm\u0131\u015f olarak yeniden orta yerde durmaktad\u0131r. Silahlanma, kamu bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rma[23]<\/sup><\/a>, altyap\u0131 paketleri ve vergi te\u015fvikleriyle, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 birikmi\u015f sermayenin kendi de\u011ferini koruma ve geni\u015fletmesinin y\u00fcz y\u00fcze geldi\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rlar a\u015f\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yol ve y\u00f6ntem haliyle ayn\u0131, ama unutmayal\u0131m ki, bu s\u0131n\u0131f politikalar\u0131, bug\u00fcn eski\/yeni rakip g\u00fc\u00e7lerin k\u0131zg\u0131nla\u015fan rekabetiyle g\u00f6rece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclen d\u00fcnya pazar\u0131 ve alt s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n daralan tahamm\u00fcl s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131nda ya\u015fama ge\u00e7irilmek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 D\u00fczenin Sorun Olmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczen sorununda temel nokta, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck emperyalist devletlerce payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda olu\u015fan g\u00fc\u00e7 dengelerinin, ekonomik model\/rejimin ve bunlar\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen kural ve ilkelerin esas al\u0131n\u0131p al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Burada alt\u0131 \u00e7izilmesi gereken husus, \u201cesas alma<\/em>\u201dd\u0131r. Yoksa, verili payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 sorgulay\u0131p sorgulamama ya da onu tedricen de\u011fi\u015ftirme \u00e7abas\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde olup olmama de\u011fil, zira b\u00f6ylesi bir durumun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilmesi i\u00e7in, emperyalistler aras\u0131 rekabetin ortadan kalkmas\u0131 gerekirdi. Hay\u0131r, \u201cesas alma<\/em>\u201d burada, emperyalist devletler ve tekeller aras\u0131ndaki rekabet ve m\u00fccadelenin verili d\u00fczene tekab\u00fcl eden bi\u00e7imler i\u00e7erisinde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, bug\u00fcn uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczen sorununun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 veya bu d\u00fczenin bozulmas\u0131, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n emperyalistlerce payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve hegemonya m\u00fccadelesinin \u015fimdiye kadarki bi\u00e7imler i\u00e7erisinde cereyan etmemeye ba\u015flamas\u0131 veya edemiyor olmas\u0131n\u0131n bir ifadesidir.<\/p>\n

Bi\u00e7imdeki de\u011fi\u015fim, hegemonya m\u00fccadelesinin tarz ve ara\u00e7lar\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fim demektir. \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi (d\u00fcnya pazarlar\u0131na hakim olma, azami k\u00e2r\u0131 ve sermayeyi b\u00fcy\u00fctme vb.) de\u011fi\u015fmemi\u015f de olsa, bi\u00e7imdeki de\u011fi\u015fim, salt bi\u00e7imsel bir farkl\u0131l\u0131ktan ibaret olmaz, aksine, belirtilen i\u00e7eri\u011fin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fme ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fimi anlam\u0131na gelir ve bu suretle bi\u00e7imsel de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin i\u00e7erikten kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret eder. Zira genel olarak, ne i\u00e7eriksiz bir bi\u00e7im, ne de bi\u00e7imsiz bir i\u00e7erik s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczenin bir \u201cfetret d\u00f6nemi<\/em>\u201dne tekab\u00fcl etti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenmekte veya \u201culuslararas\u0131 d\u00fczensizlik<\/em>\u201d olarak tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. \u00d6yle veya b\u00f6yle, sonu\u00e7ta olgunla\u015fma d\u00fczeyi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hen\u00fcz kavramsalla\u015fma sanc\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7eken bir s\u00fcre\u00e7le y\u00fcz y\u00fczeyiz. Ger\u00e7ek \u015fu ki, mevcut uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeni g\u00f6recele\u015ftiren g\u00fcncel hadiseler, i\u00e7eri\u011fin \u015fimdiye kadarki bi\u00e7imiyle uyu\u015fmamaya ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131n veya, ayn\u0131 anlama gelmek \u00fczere, i\u00e7eri\u011fin kendisiyle uyumlu yeni bir bi\u00e7imlenmeyi zorlayan bir devinimin i\u00e7inde olu\u015funun yans\u0131malar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

An itibariyle net olan, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkileri ve d\u00fczeni karakterize eden i\u00e7erikle bi\u00e7imin bu \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmeme halinin bir neticelenme dinami\u011fini i\u00e7inde ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r. Ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olan ve do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi ge\u00e7ici olan bu hal, i\u00e7erikle bi\u00e7imin \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle (i\u00e7eri\u011fin t\u00fcm kuvvesiyle fiile d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fme d\u00fcrt\u00fcs\u00fc itibar\u0131yla) \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmeyi bir zorunluluk haline getiren yeni bir s\u00fcreci tetiklemi\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6nemli olan ve \u00f6nceki ara ba\u015fl\u0131kta da dikkat \u00e7ekildi\u011fi \u00fczere, bu yeni s\u00fcrecin, rastlant\u0131sal hadiselerinin bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmektir. S\u00fcrecin gerisinde bir zorunluluk durmaktad\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmeme hali ya da yeniden \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fme e\u011filimi, i\u00e7eri\u011fin; yani a\u00e7\u0131k ifadeyle, emperyalist devletlerin, tekellerin, mali sermayenin hegemonya, azami k\u00e2r ve sermaye birikimi d\u00fcrt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn pek de s\u00fcrpriz say\u0131lamayacak yeni s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar, kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131klar ve meydan okumalarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131ndan t\u00fcremektedir.<\/p>\n

\u201cUluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczensizlik<\/em>\u201d, bu \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmeme halinden do\u011fmaktad\u0131r, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla mevcut uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczenin k\u0131smi ve ge\u00e7ici bir bozulmas\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmemelidir. Aksine; son otuz y\u0131lda etkin olan d\u00fczen, \u015fimdiye kadarki g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesini bozmaya aday ve k\u0131smen de bozmaya ba\u015flayan g\u00fc\u00e7lerin geli\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7mas\u0131 itibar\u0131yla, kurucular\u0131 (esasta da ABD) bak\u0131m\u0131ndan olu\u015fumundaki i\u015flevini yitirmi\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r. Mevzi kaybedenler, d\u00fczenlerini kurtarma ad\u0131na rakiplerinin geli\u015fimini bo\u011fmak zorundad\u0131rlar; zira kaybedilen her g\u00fcn d\u00fcnya hegemonyas\u0131nda mevzi kayb\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Bu hamle zorunlulu\u011fuyla, elindeki t\u00fcm imkan ve ara\u00e7lar\u0131 (kolektif kapitalist devletin etki alan\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc geni\u015fletmek, teknoloji sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0131rmand\u0131rmak, ekonomik rekabetle yetinemeyerek ekonomik sava\u015fa y\u00f6nelmek, mali \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc devreye sokmak, tedarik zincirlerini jeopolitik kriterler temelinde yeniden d\u00fczenlemek vb.) kullanarak harekete ge\u00e7mi\u015f durumdad\u0131rlar. Bu anlam\u0131yla ok yaydan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu bak\u0131mdan, uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczen ve ili\u015fkilerde (haliyle de \u00fclkeler baz\u0131nda) \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc sonu\u00e7lara gebe yeni bir d\u00f6neme girmi\u015f bulunmaktay\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Yeni bir durumdan s\u00f6z etti\u011fimizde, bununla; kapitalist sisteme dair \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin \u015fimdiye kadar i\u00e7inde hareket ettikleri bi\u00e7imleri a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131, ilgili \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin keskinle\u015fme d\u00fczeyinin yeni bir bi\u00e7imlenmeyi (ekonomik, politik ve uluslararas\u0131 planda) zaruri k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu y\u00f6nde belli ba\u015fl\u0131 ad\u0131mlar\u0131n at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kastetmekteyiz. Bu anlamda vuku bulan yeni bir bi\u00e7imlenmenin ne getirece\u011fi, ne t\u00fcr bir \u00f6z dinamik geli\u015ftirece\u011fi veya ne gibi yeni implikasyonlar\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131, elbette tek tek alanlara dair yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken ampirik irdelemelerle somutla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir. Ancak \u015funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz ki, yeni bi\u00e7imlenmeyle murat edilen ile elde edilecek sonu\u00e7 hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde bug\u00fcnden kesinle\u015fmi\u015f de\u011fildir. Zira bu, vuku buldu\u011fu esnada o kadar ta\u015f\u0131 yerinden oynatmaktad\u0131r ki, ve bu kapsam\u0131yla \u00f6ylesine bir \u201cge\u00e7i\u015f an\u0131<\/em>\u201dd\u0131r ki, bu esnada ivme kazanan s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadeleleri o anki d\u00fczeyinin \u00f6tesinde etkide bulunabilir ve hi\u00e7 umulmad\u0131k sonu\u00e7lara yol a\u00e7abilirler.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan: Kapitalizm ve bug\u00fcnk\u00fc bi\u00e7imiyle emperyalist kapitalizm, d\u00fcnya pazar\u0131 olgusu \u00fczerinde y\u00fckselen bir d\u00fcnya sistemidir. Bu husustan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, emperyalizm \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda \u201cd\u00fcnyan\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 tr\u00f6stler aras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesinin<\/em>\u201d ve \u201cyery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki b\u00fct\u00fcn topraklar\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kapitalist \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n tamamlan<\/em>\u201dmas\u0131n\u0131n (Lenin), kapitalizmin d\u00fcnya sistemi olu\u015fu<\/em> \u00f6zelli\u011finde (kendi i\u00e7inde \u00e7eli\u015fkili olan) ileri bir geli\u015fme evresine tekab\u00fcl etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir. Haliyle, yeniden payla\u015f\u0131m meselesi, her defas\u0131nda, kapitalizmin d\u00fcnya sistemi olarak geli\u015fiminin g\u00f6rece daha ileri bir safhas\u0131nda g\u00fcndeme gelmektedir. Yeniden payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n kendisi bir tekerr\u00fcr etme gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de, buradaki tekerr\u00fcr\u00fcn, kapitalizmin bir d\u00fcnya sistemi olarak geli\u015fimince belirlenen ve \u00f6ncesinden ayr\u0131\u015fan bir \u00e7er\u00e7evede ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmemelidir. Bu husus iki a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6nem arz etmektedir: a) yeniden payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ve \u00f6gelerinde \u00e7e\u015fitlenmeler olmas\u0131 (mesela \u201c\u00e7ip sava\u015flar\u0131<\/em>\u201dn\u0131n[24]<\/sup><\/a> g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u00fczere, teknolojinin kendisinin bizzat yeniden payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n \u00f6gesi olmas\u0131, veya yeniden payla\u015f\u0131mda topraklar\u0131n fiilen ele ge\u00e7irilmesinin eskisi gibi zaruri olmamas\u0131) ve b) yeniden payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n do\u011frudan d\u00fcnya ekonomisinin kendisinde eski\/yeni rejimin tahkimini\/tesisini gerekli k\u0131lmas\u0131 (\u201ckurallara dayal\u0131<\/em>\u201d sistem tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczenin do\u011frudan ekonomik kurallar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi zorunlulu\u011fu).<\/p>\n

Emperyalistler aras\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 dengelerinin halihaz\u0131rda hi\u00e7bir g\u00fcc\u00fc kesin olarak avantajl\u0131 k\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve d\u00fcnya ekonomisindeki i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015fli\u011fin hemen bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet karar\u0131yla ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, bu hususlar, emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7ler aras\u0131 dala\u015f\u0131n, t\u0131rmanan ama nihai neticeyi hemen sa\u011flayamayan uzun erimli bir \u2018birbirini takatten d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme s\u00fcreci<\/em>\u2019 olarak \u015fekillenece\u011fine i\u015faret etmektedir. Ve \u015fu anakronik durumun olu\u015fmas\u0131 bu s\u00fcrecin do\u011fas\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmayan bir geli\u015fme olacakt\u0131r: D\u00fcnya pazar\u0131n\u0131n, tam da en geli\u015fkin oldu\u011fu bir safhada par\u00e7alanmas\u0131; ABD, AB, \u00c7in gibi belirli ekonomik merkezlerin yat\u0131r\u0131m ve ticaretinin belirli n\u00fcfuz b\u00f6lgelerinde yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131, bu b\u00f6lgelerdeki ticaretin merkezler aras\u0131 ticareti ortadan kald\u0131rmamakla birlikte fakat onun pahas\u0131na geli\u015fmesi. D\u00fcnya ekonomisinde bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm asl\u0131nda bir y\u00f6n\u00fcyle ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f say\u0131labilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin tedarik zincirlerinin \u201cn\u00fcfuz b\u00f6lgeleri<\/em>\u201dne g\u00f6re (Pentagon\u2019un \u201cdecoupling<\/em>\u201d -ayr\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131rma- konseptini an\u0131msayal\u0131m) yeniden d\u00fczenlenmesi bug\u00fcn bir\u00e7ok tekelin g\u00fcndemindedir. Ku\u015fkusuz bu, zaman talep eden bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir, ancak ad\u0131mlar\u0131 \u015fimdiden at\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (\u201coffshoring<\/em>\u201d art\u0131k demode, \u015fimdi \u201cnearshoring<\/em>\u201d, \u201cfriendshoring<\/em>\u201d, yani \u00fcretimi yak\u0131n ya da dost \u00fclkelere kayd\u0131rma, veya \u201crepatriating<\/em>\u201d, yani vatana d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f reva\u00e7ta!). A\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r ki, b\u00f6ylesi kaymalar ve yeniden \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeler, yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerdeki \u00fclkelerin d\u00fcnya ekonomisi i\u00e7indeki konumlar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, yerine g\u00f6re avantajl\u0131, yerine g\u00f6re dezavantajl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimlere yol a\u00e7acakt\u0131r. Bu \u201cyeniden k\u00fcreselle\u015fme<\/em>\u201d \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerin ekonomik dengelerine, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla o \u00fclkelerdeki s\u0131n\u0131flar aras\u0131 dengelere etkide bulunacakt\u0131r; \u00fclkeleraras\u0131 yeni dengesizlikler ve s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmeler bu bak\u0131mdan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Son derece i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f bir d\u00fcnya ekonomisi ko\u015fullar\u0131nda, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla tek tek ekonomilerin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n olduk\u00e7a artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir zamanda, veya ayn\u0131 anlama gelmek \u00fczere, kapitalizmin bir d\u00fcnya sistemi olarak art\u0131k geni\u015flemesinden ziyade derinle\u015fmesinin s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu bir safhada, yeniden payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n bi\u00e7imleri de ister istemez de\u011fi\u015fmekte ve girift bir hal almaktad\u0131r. Bunun belki en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 belirtisi, hem emperyalist yeniden payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n akt\u00f6rlerinin kesin ve h\u0131zl\u0131 safla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ncesine g\u00f6re zorla\u015fmas\u0131, hem de safla\u015fmaya gidi\u015fte bu akt\u00f6rlerin her birinin \u00fclkelerindeki sekt\u00f6r ve sermaye fraksiyonlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki birli\u011fin kolay sa\u011flanamamas\u0131, yani \u00fclke ekonomisinin d\u00fcnya ekonomisi b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcndeki konumuyla tek tek sekt\u00f6rlerin bu b\u00fct\u00fcndeki konumlar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 itibar\u0131yla yeni b\u00f6l\u00fcnme ve \u00e7eki\u015fmelerin engellenememesidir (salt genel sekt\u00f6rel \u00e7\u0131kar farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 de\u011fil, kolektif kapitalist devletin stratejik kararlar\u0131yla tekil tekel \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n birebir \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmemesi gibi ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemlerine has \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin artmas\u0131).<\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r ki, ancak mali kaynaklar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olan kapitalist devletler buradaki etki-tepki s\u00fcrecine i\u00e7kin \u00e7ok katmanl\u0131 dinamikleri g\u00f6rece kontrol etme potansiyeline sahip olacakt\u0131r. Bu ama, demektir ki, baz\u0131lar\u0131 yolda kalacak veya geriye d\u00fc\u015fecektir. Ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle, yeni d\u00f6nemin \u00fclkeler aras\u0131 (ileri kapitalist \u00fclkeler de dahil!) e\u015fitsiz geli\u015fmede yeni bir \u00e7evrimi tetiklemesi muhakkakt\u0131r. Ki, \u00f6rne\u011fin Almanya\u2019n\u0131n pe\u015f pe\u015fe a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekonomik paketlere AB\u2019nin pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkesinin \u2018rekabet ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 bozuyor<\/em>\u2019 gerek\u00e7esiyle tepki g\u00f6stermesi veya ABD\u2019nin enflasyonu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme ad\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve i\u00e7inde \u00f6nemli vergi te\u015fviklerin de oldu\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck mali paketin Almanya\u2019n\u0131n baz\u0131 tekellerini ABD\u2019deki yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmeye sevk etmesine Alman h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi tepki bu raundun ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. B\u00f6ylesi bir geli\u015fmenin yeni ekonomik dengesizliklere, yeni \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, politik ve sosyal bedelleri olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmeye bile gerek yok san\u0131r\u0131z.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/u><\/p>\n

Yeni Bir Sayfa<\/strong><\/p>\n

Halihaz\u0131rdaki uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczenin \u00fczerinde y\u00fckseldi\u011fi kapitalist d\u00fcnya ekonomisinin dengelerinin ve \u00e7ehresinin tam da kapitalist ekonomiler aras\u0131 i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015fli\u011fin tarihsel olarak en ileri oldu\u011fu bir safhada de\u011fi\u015fmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131n etki ve neticelerinin; d\u00fcnya ekonomisindeki pazar paylar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fletilmesi (ya da korunmas\u0131), de\u011fer ve tedarik zincirlerinin yeniden \u015fekillendirilmesi ve ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0yenilenmesi u\u011fruna s\u00fcren ekonomik ve teknolojik sava\u015flarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek, tetiklenen s\u00fcrecin derinli\u011fini ve \u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmemek demektir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, belirtilen alanlardaki m\u00fccadelelerin \u00f6znesi ve konusu olan \u00fclkelerde politik istikrar\u0131n, ekonomik refah\u0131n ve verili s\u0131n\u0131fsal g\u00fc\u00e7 dengelerinin sars\u0131nt\u0131 ge\u00e7irmesi i\u015ften bile de\u011fildir. Zira s\u00fcre\u00e7, ileri kapitalist \u00fclkelerin her birinin \u015fimdiye kadarki pozisyon ve \u00f6nceliklerinde de\u011fi\u015fimleri \u015fart ko\u015fan bir mecrada ilerlemektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7arp\u0131c\u0131 olan \u015fu ki, kapitalist d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bug\u00fcn sundu\u011fu \u201c\u00e7oklu kriz<\/em>\u201d tablosu, sistemi tehdit eden bir i\u015f\u00e7i ve\/veya halk hareketinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131nda ya da neticesinde olu\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan ama, bu \u201c\u00e7oklu kriz<\/em>\u201din daha \u015fimdiden en \u00e7ok etkiledi\u011fi, ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 en \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131, haliyle tepkisini \u00e7ekti\u011fi de i\u015f\u00e7i ve halk kitleleridir. Tersinden ifade edecek olursak: Uluslararas\u0131 sermaye, eseri olan bu \u201c\u00e7oklu kriz ortam\u0131<\/em>\u201dn\u0131n etkileri ve bunlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131fsal \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 gere\u011fi atmak zorunda oldu\u011fu ad\u0131mlarla, tarih sahnesinden kovdu\u011fu i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 kendi iradesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yeniden tarih sahnesine \u00e7ekmektedir. Gelgelelim, sermaye, iradesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da olsa, hadisenin nereye evrilebilece\u011finin de fark\u0131ndad\u0131r! Politik bak\u0131mdan \u015fu anki en b\u00fcy\u00fck avantaj\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin halihaz\u0131rdaki yoklu\u011fudur. Bu, ona, engelleyemedi\u011fi tepkileri; milliyet\u00e7ilik, dincilik, gericilik, m\u00fclteci kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi platformlar\u0131n dolgu maddesi yapma olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sunmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle ekonomik ve mali g\u00fcc\u00fc rakiplerine g\u00f6re zay\u0131f olan ve zay\u0131flayan kapitalist \u00fclkelerde bu e\u011filim g\u00f6rece daha h\u0131zl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lenmektedir. \u00d6te yandan, imkanlar\u0131 olan \u00fclkelerde burjuva h\u00fck\u00fcmetler, tepkileri yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 mali desteklerle ho\u015fnutsuzluklar\u0131 dizginlemeye, yeni beklentiler yaratmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar. Tekelci burjuvazinin evdeki hesab\u0131 bu olmakla birlikte, bunun \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131da tutup tutmayaca\u011f\u0131 olduk\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ekonomist Thomas Piketty\u2019e g\u00f6re, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki e\u015fitsizlik, Frans\u0131z Devrimi \u00f6ncesi y\u0131llar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, hi\u00e7bir tarihsel d\u00f6nem daha b\u00fcy\u00fck olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[25]<\/sup><\/a> Son otuz y\u0131lda ya\u015fananlar, kaybedilenler ve dayat\u0131lanlarla bug\u00fcn g\u00f6ze batacak kadar belirginle\u015fen e\u015fitsizlikler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7i kitleler, hangi gerek\u00e7eyle olursa olsun, yeni ekonomik-sosyal fedakarl\u0131klara esas\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k de\u011filler. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, Fransa\u2019daki son grevlerde de g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, i\u015f\u00e7iler tekellerin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccret dayatmalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verirken, \u00fccret art\u0131\u015f\u0131 taleplerinin me\u015frulu\u011funu tekel bilan\u00e7olar\u0131nda kayda ge\u00e7en devasa k\u00e2rlara dayand\u0131r\u0131yorlar! Liberalizmin politik bak\u0131mdan iflas etti\u011fi ve \u201cneoliberalizm<\/em>\u201din vaazlar\u0131n\u0131n kof oldu\u011funun a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir zamanda, a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fan ya\u015fam ve ge\u00e7im ko\u015fullar\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7iler yeni tavizler vermekten ziyade yeni taleplerde bulunmak durumundad\u0131rlar, ki g\u00fcncel m\u00fccadeleler de bu y\u00f6nelime i\u015faret etmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u0130ngiltere\u2019deki \u201cEnough Is Enough<\/em>\u201d (yeter art\u0131k!) hareketinin taleplerine bak\u0131labilir: \u201c1. Ger\u00e7ek bir \u00fccret art\u0131\u015f\u0131; 2. Enerji faturalar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi; 3. Beslenme yoksullu\u011fun sonland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131; 4. Herkes i\u00e7in insanca konutlar ve 5. Zenginlerin vergilerinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/em>\u201d[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerin halet-i ruhiyesi bug\u00fcn genel hatlar\u0131yla budur. Ve bu, yaln\u0131zca \u015fu anki durumun bir resmidir. \u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki s\u00fcrece bir g\u00f6z atal\u0131m: Ufukta g\u00f6r\u00fcnen d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde canlanan bir ekonomi mi yoksa \u201crefah kay\u0131plar\u0131<\/em>\u201d i\u00e7eren ekonomik bir durgunluk mu? Hen\u00fcz d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde ekonomik bir kriz \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f de\u011fil, ancak t\u00fcm belirtiler, ekonomideki b\u00fcy\u00fcmelerin daha da gerileyece\u011fine, d\u00fcnya ekonomisini \u00e7etin bir stagflasyonun bekledi\u011fine i\u015faret ediyor. 2008 krizini tahmin eden ekonomist Nouriel Roubini, merkez bankalar\u0131n\u0131n enflasyonu dizginlemek i\u00e7in att\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131mlarla d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u201cstagflasyon kapan\u0131<\/em>\u201dna (enflasyon y\u00fckselirken b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin olmamas\u0131) s\u0131k\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Ona g\u00f6re, \u201cbu sadece ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7<\/em>\u201d, \u201cger\u00e7ek ac\u0131y\u0131 sonra g\u00f6rece\u011fiz. B\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00fcresel finans kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131rdad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rece\u011fiz. Bir\u00e7ok ekonomide resesyon ve finans piyasalar\u0131nda \u015foklar g\u00f6rece\u011fiz.<\/em>\u201d D\u00fcnyan\u0131n sosyal ve siyasal bask\u0131larla \u00e7evrili bir bomban\u0131n \u00fczerinde oturdu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen Roubini\u2019ye g\u00f6re, \u201cekonomik, finansal ve jeopolitik kriz bu durumu \u00e7ok daha k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015ftirecek<\/em>\u201dtir.[27]<\/sup><\/a> Bu arada, bu sat\u0131rlar kaleme al\u0131n\u0131rken politika faizini 75 baz puan art\u0131rarak son 33 y\u0131l\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck faiz art\u0131\u015f\u0131na imza atan \u0130ngiltere Merkez Bankas\u0131, \u0130ngiltere\u2019deki i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131n\u0131n 2025\u2019e kadar yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak ikiye katlanabilece\u011fini tahminleri aras\u0131nda belirtmekteydi! Ve sadece \u0130ngiltere\u2019de de\u011fil, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki s\u00fcre\u00e7te ileri kapitalist \u00fclkelerdeki i\u015fsizlik \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc genel olarak y\u00fckselece\u011fe benzemekte. Sanayideki teknolojik transformasyon s\u00fcrecinde kaybolmas\u0131 beklenen i\u015fyerleri i\u015fin bir boyutu[28]<\/sup><\/a>, di\u011feri ise Merkez Bankalar\u0131n\u0131n (2008 krizinden bu yana izlenen ekonomi politikalarda \u00f6nemli bir de\u011fi\u015fimi te\u015fkil eden) faizleri art\u0131rarak ekonomiyi so\u011futma hamlelerinin (ba\u015fta orta ve alt s\u0131n\u0131flar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan) \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc etkileridir. Ayr\u0131ca d\u00fcnya pazarlar\u0131nda keskinle\u015fen rekabet ve artmas\u0131 tahmin edilen ekonomik sava\u015flar\u0131n i\u015fsizlik rakamlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde de etkileri olacakt\u0131r. En iyimser tahminlerde enflasyonun ileri kapitalist \u00fclkelerde seneye gerilemesi beklenmekte, ancak ba\u015fta enerji olmak \u00fczere fiyatlar\u0131n bu zaman zarf\u0131nda Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6ncesi seviyelerine d\u00f6nmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmemektedir. 2008 krizinde d\u00fcnya ekonomisinin yard\u0131m\u0131na ko\u015fan \u201ckonjonkt\u00fcr motoru<\/em>\u201d \u00c7in de \u015fimdilik devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor, zira kendisi ciddi sorunlarla y\u00fcz y\u00fcze ve ekonomisindeki so\u011fuma emareleri artmaktad\u0131r (Bat\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7in kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda topyek\u00fbn ve birle\u015fik bir pozisyon almas\u0131 zay\u0131f bir ihtimaldir. Bu ama, \u00c7in\u2019in eski geli\u015fme h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 yakalamakta ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc zorlanaca\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fini de\u011fi\u015ftirmemektedir).<\/p>\n

Uzun laf\u0131n k\u0131sas\u0131; pandemi ve Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede bitmesi halinde bile, girilen s\u00fcre\u00e7; ekonomi, sosyal\/s\u0131n\u0131fsal dengeler ve uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6ncesi duruma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc vaat etmemektedir.<\/p>\n

Daha geni\u015f bir tarihsel perspektiften bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadeleleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan genel olarak \u015fu s\u00f6ylenebilir: Uluslararas\u0131 sermaye; bizzat sosyalizm kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kaydetti\u011fi ge\u00e7ici zafer ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na indirebildi\u011fi tarihi darbeler itibariyle kapitalizme m\u00fcnhas\u0131r e\u011filimlerin g\u00f6rece rahat geli\u015fme imkan\u0131n\u0131 bulmas\u0131 ve bu \u201cideal<\/em>\u201d geli\u015fimiyle onlara i\u00e7kin olan nesnel \u00e7eli\u015fkileri h\u0131zla keskinle\u015ftirmesi nedeniyle, zaferinin kefaretini \u00f6demek zorunda olaca\u011f\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131n olgunla\u015fmas\u0131na hizmet edecek bir d\u00f6nemin ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 tetiklemi\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r. Nas\u0131l ki yenilgisinin kefaretini i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 kaydetti\u011fi a\u011f\u0131r bedellerle \u00f6dediyse, sermaye de kendi kar\u015f\u0131t s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu zaferin kefaretini \u00f6demekten ka\u00e7\u0131namayacakt\u0131r. Steinmeier\u2019in Almanya i\u00e7in dedi\u011fi \u201cbar\u0131\u015f getirisi<\/em>\u201d ifadesi, uyarlanarak, tekelci burjuvazi ile i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ili\u015fkileri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan kullan\u0131labilir: Bat\u0131n\u0131n tekelci burjuvazisi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u201czafer getirisi<\/em>\u201d esasta bitmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, Bat\u0131l\u0131 sermayenin bu \u201czafer getirisi<\/em>\u201dni tepe tepe kullan\u0131rken att\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131mlara g\u00f6re pozisyon alan veya yeni pozisyonlar yakalayan \u00c7in gibi \u00fclkeler de, bu \u201cgetiri<\/em>\u201dnin g\u00f6lgesinde kaydettikleri geli\u015fme imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 eskisi gibi bulamayacaklard\u0131r. \u00c7in gerek 1997 Asya krizini, gerekse 2008 krizini esasta etkilenmeden atlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, hatta birincisinden b\u00f6lge, ikincisinden d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde g\u00fc\u00e7lenerek \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ayn\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131, kapitalist d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u201c\u00e7oklu kriz<\/em>\u201d tablosu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tekrarlayamamas\u0131 kuvvetle muhtemeldir.<\/p>\n

Girmi\u015f oldu\u011fumuz yeni d\u00f6nem, sadece emperyalist devletler aras\u0131 hegemonya m\u00fccadelelerinin a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imler alarak boyutlanaca\u011f\u0131na de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131yla tekelci burjuvazi aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadelede yeni bir sayfan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret etmektedir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7iler hen\u00fcz bilincinde olsun olmas\u0131n, kapitalizmin \u201c\u00e7oklu kriz ortam\u0131<\/em>\u201dn\u0131n sosyal ve toplumsal \u00e7eli\u015fkileri keskinle\u015ftirici etkisi ko\u015fullar\u0131nda verilen halihaz\u0131rdaki m\u00fccadeleler, asl\u0131nda emek ile sermaye aras\u0131nda yeni bir g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesinin do\u011fum sanc\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc somut ko\u015fullar ve \u015fartlanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar alt\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7ilerin kaydedece\u011fi her ba\u015far\u0131, geri p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtece\u011fi her sald\u0131r\u0131, tekil faydas\u0131 ve anlam\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde de\u011ferli olup, yenilgi y\u0131llar\u0131 boyunca \u201ctarihsel s\u00fcrecin onlar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131 \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7ip gitti\u011fi<\/em>\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a> bir d\u00f6nemin sona ermesine hizmet edecektir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> Bug\u00fcn 830 milyon insan kronik olarak yetersiz beslenmektedir. Bu say\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine g\u00f6re 150 milyon insan\u0131n daha a\u00e7lar ordusuna kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmekte. Tarihte hi\u00e7bir zaman bu kadar insan a\u00e7l\u0131k \u00e7ekmemekteydi. Bkz: 17 Ekim 2022 tarihli S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung, \u201cSo viele Hungernde wie nie<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> 10 Ekim 2022 tarihli Bloomberg haberine g\u00f6re, D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 ve IMF\u2019nin son toplant\u0131lar\u0131nda ana g\u00fcndem \u201c\u00e7oklu kriz ortam\u0131<\/em>\u201d idi. Bu kavramla, Harvard profes\u00f6r\u00fc ve ABD eski maliye bakan\u0131 Lawrence Summers belirtilen toplant\u0131lar \u00f6ncesinde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u015fimdiki durumunu tarif etmekteydi. Bloomberg HT (2022) \u201cD\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 ve IMF toplant\u0131lar\u0131nda ana g\u00fcndem \u00e7oklu kriz ortam\u0131\u201d, https:\/\/www.bloomberght.com\/dunya-bankasi-ve-imf-toplantilarinda-ana-gundem-coklu-kriz-ortami-2316807<\/p>\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> Bloomberg HT (2022) \u201cYellen\u2019dan k\u00fcresel b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye ili\u015fkin de\u011ferlendirme\u201d, https:\/\/www.bloomberght.com\/yellendan-kuresel-buyumeye-iliskin-degerlendirme-2317246<\/p>\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> Der Bundespr\u00e4sident (2022) \u201cAlles st\u00e4rken, was uns verbindet\u201d, https:\/\/www.bundespraesident.de\/SharedDocs\/Reden\/DE\/Frank-Walter-Steinmeier\/Reden\/2022\/10\/221028-Alles-staerken-was-uns-verbindet.html<\/p>\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> Bu ifade, Federal Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Dairesi taraf\u0131ndan finanse edilen Bilim ve Politika (SWP) adl\u0131 thinktank\u2019\u0131n temsilcisi Claudia Major\u2019un \u201cMunich Economic Debates<\/em>\u201d sempozyumuna sundu\u011fu tebli\u011fin de ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. Rusya ile Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n ortak g\u00fcvenli\u011finin art\u0131k s\u00f6z konusu olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia eden Major gelece\u011fi \u015f\u00f6yle g\u00f6rmekteydi: \u201cGelecekte Rusya ile birlikte entegratif-korporatif bir d\u00fczenimiz olmayacak, aksine, g\u00fcvenli\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda Rusya ile aram\u0131za s\u0131n\u0131r koyarak, hatta Rusya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 in\u015fa etmek zorunda kalaca\u011f\u0131z. Yani, art\u0131k bir bar\u0131\u015f d\u00fczeni yok, tersine \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bir d\u00fczen, bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeni olacakt\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d Bkz. Ifo Institut (2022) \u201cDie geopolitische Neuordnung der Welt – welche Rolle spielen Deutschland und Europa?\u201d, https:\/\/www.ifo.de\/veranstaltung\/2022-09-19\/die-geopolitische-neuordnung-der-welt-welche-rolle-spielen-deutschland-und<\/a><\/p>\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cYeni d\u00fcnya d\u00fczensizli\u011fi – Bat\u0131 nas\u0131l kendi kendini tahrip ediyor<\/em>\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda, d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeninde olup bitenleri fikri yan\u0131lg\u0131lar d\u00fczleminde ele alan London King\u2019s College\u2019de G\u00fcvenlik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 profes\u00f6r\u00fc Peter R. Neumann, Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u201cnaifli\u011fi<\/em>\u201d ile neyi kastetti\u011fine dair ABD\u2019li profes\u00f6r John Ikenberry ve benzerlerinin \u015fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine \u00f6zetleyerek vermektedir: \u201c\u00c7in ne kadar zengin olursa, orta s\u0131n\u0131f da o kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck olur, o derece de Bat\u0131n\u0131n etkisi g\u00fc\u00e7lenir ve bireysel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve demokrasiye olan talep daha da artar. Yat\u0131r\u0131mlar, teknoloji ve refah Bat\u0131l\u0131 elitler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Truva atlar\u0131 idi, onlar\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla \u00c7in\u2019de demokrasi kendini kabul ettirecekti. Fakat \u00c7in y\u00f6netiminin, ekonomik ve politik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri birbirinden ay\u0131rmay\u0131 ba\u015farabilece\u011fini hi\u00e7 kimse ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bulmamaktayd\u0131.<\/em>\u201d Bkz. Neumann, P. R. (2022) \u201cDie neue Weltunordnung – Wie sich der Westen selbst zerst\u00f6rt\u201d, Rowohlt Berlin<\/em>, sf. 57. Siyaset bilimci ve M\u00fcnih\u2019teki Federal Alman Ordusu \u00dcniversitesi Devlet ve Sosyal Bilimler fak\u00fcltesinde uluslararas\u0131 politika profes\u00f6r\u00fc olan Carlo Masala da, 2016\u2019da kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cD\u00fcnya d\u00fczensizli\u011fi – K\u00fcresel krizler ve Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ill\u00fczyonlar\u0131<\/em>\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda benzer bir \u015fekilde, \u201ck\u00fcreselle\u015fmenin otomatikman demokrasi getirece\u011fi ill\u00fczyonunu<\/em>\u201d ele\u015ftiriyor ve \u201cliberal d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeni hayalinin pe\u015finden daha fazla ko\u015fturulmamas\u0131<\/em>\u201d gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor (bkz. Neumann, age, sf.12). \u00d6zellikle Almanya a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u015funu sal\u0131k veriyor: Uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilere ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bir g\u00f6zle bakmal\u0131, var olan ill\u00fczyonlardan kurtulmal\u0131, jeostratejik nesnellikleri dikkate almal\u0131 ve yeniden g\u00fcc\u00fcn dilini sadece okumay\u0131 de\u011fil, konu\u015fmay\u0131 da \u00f6\u011frenmeliyiz!<\/p>\n

\u201cD\u00fcnya D\u00fczeni<\/em>\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda \u201cJeopolitik d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda, Bat\u0131 \u00fclkelerinin kurdu\u011fu ve evrensel ilan etti\u011fi d\u00fczen[in], bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131nda<\/em>\u201d oldu\u011funu tespit eden Henry Kissinger\u2019e g\u00f6re ise, \u201cd\u00fcnya d\u00fczeni kavram\u0131ndaki kriz<\/em>\u201d, \u201cg\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn nihai uluslararas\u0131 sorunu<\/em>\u201ddur.\u00a0 Bkz.: Kissinger, H. (2016) D\u00fcnya D\u00fczeni<\/em>, \u00e7ev. S. S. G\u00fcl, Boyner Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, sf. 396 ve 408.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> ABD\u2019de 1970\u2019li y\u0131llara ait bir RAND raporunda Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin 1980\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6kebilece\u011fine dair tahliller yap\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Yani en ba\u015fta ABD ve \u0130ngiltere, SB\u2019deki modern revizyonistlerin rejiminin ciddi a\u00e7mazlarla y\u00fcz y\u00fcze olduklar\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131ndayd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> Bkz. Brenner, R. (2007) Ekonomide H\u0131zl\u0131 B\u00fcy\u00fcme ve Balon – D\u00fcnya Ekonomisinde ABD\u2019nin Yeri<\/em>, \u00e7ev. B. Akal\u0131n, \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, sf. 49 ve devam\u0131.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> Holz, H. H. (1997) \u201cNeoliberalizm: Kavramdaki hilekarl\u0131k\u201d, Topos<\/em>, Say\u0131: 9, sf. 88.<\/p>\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Naumann, R. (1957) \u201cNeoliberalizmin teori ve prati\u011fi\u201d, Verlag die Wirtschaft Berlin<\/em>. T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi i\u00e7in bkz. (2019) Teori ve Eylem<\/em>, Say\u0131: 32.<\/p>\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> Selwyn, B. (2022) \u201cK\u00fcresel de\u011fer zincirleri, emek \u00fcretkenli\u011fi ve \u00fccretler\u201d. Bkz. Zeitschrift Marxistische Erneuerung Z. – Marksist Yenileme Dergisi Z., Say\u0131 129, sf. 63.<\/p>\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> Selwyn, agy, sf. 64.<\/p>\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> Selwyn, agy. Aktar\u0131lan rapor \u015fu: ILO (2015) World Employment and Social Outlook<\/em>, Geneva, sf. 143.<\/p>\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> Christen, C. (2022) \u201cYeniden tasarlanan k\u00fcreselle\u015fme: Tedarik krizleri ve olas\u0131 str\u00fckt\u00fcr k\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131\u201d, Bkz. Z., agy, sf. 20 ve devam\u0131.<\/p>\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> Spremann, K. und P. Gantenbein (2017) \u201cFinanzm\u00e4rkte: Grundlagen, Instrumente, Zusammenh\u00e4nge\u201d (Finans piyasalar\u0131: Temelleri, Ara\u00e7lar\u0131, Ba\u011flamlar\u0131), UVK Verlag, M\u00fcnchen, sf. 80.<\/p>\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck 10 servet \u015firketi bug\u00fcn 41,6 trilyon dolar\u0131 y\u00f6netiyor. Bu 10 \u015firketin sekizinde ABD\u2019li BlackRock ve Vanguard ana hissedar. \u201cParan\u0131n tarihi<\/em>\u201dnde hi\u00e7bir d\u00f6nem bu kadar finansal g\u00fc\u00e7 bu denli merkezile\u015fmemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> Bu konularda ABD\u2019li bankalar\u0131n\u0131n olduk\u00e7a gerisinde olan Avrupa bankalar\u0131ndan bir \u00f6rnek verelim: Bankalar\u0131n ev haneleri ve \u015firketlere verdikleri kredilerin toplam bilan\u00e7olar\u0131ndaki oran\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, 2021\u2019de bu oran\u0131n yaln\u0131zca %29,9 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte. Yani bankalar\u0131n aktivitelerinin %70\u2019den fazlas\u0131n\u0131n hane ve \u201creel ekonomiye<\/em>\u201d d\u00f6n\u00fck olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bkz. https:\/\/www.finanzwende-recherche.de\/unsere-themen\/der-finanzsektor-ist-zu-gross\/<\/p>\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> Merkez bankalar\u0131n\u0131n 2008 krizinin ard\u0131ndan s\u0131f\u0131r faiz politikalar\u0131yla ekonomiyi \u201ccanland\u0131rmaya<\/em>\u201d y\u00f6nelmesi, finans sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki \u015fi\u015fmeyi ayr\u0131ca kam\u00e7\u0131lad\u0131. Paran\u0131n ucuzlamas\u0131 \u015firket bor\u00e7lanmalar\u0131nda da h\u0131zl\u0131 art\u0131\u015f\u0131 getirdi. Finans sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki y\u00fcksek k\u00e2r so\u011furmas\u0131 bir\u00e7ok \u015firketi \u00fcretimden ziyade bu alana y\u00f6neltti. Bug\u00fcn \u015firketlerin \u00e7ekti\u011fi kredilerin ger\u00e7ekte 2 trilyon dolar\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor. Faizlerin yeniden art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00f6zellikle a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bor\u00e7lanan \u015firketlerin iflas etmesi ihtimalini art\u0131r\u0131yor ayn\u0131 zamanda.<\/p>\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> Yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tmamak i\u00e7in bu konunun ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na girmiyoruz. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan dergimizde \u00e7\u0131kan \u015fu makalelere bak\u0131labilir: Ko\u015far, A. (2019) \u201cHuawei gerilimi, ticaret ve teknoloji sava\u015flar\u0131\u201d, Teori ve Eylem<\/em>, Say\u0131: 32 ve Cengiz, A: (2021) \u201cTahkimat ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm zaman\u0131\u201d, Teori ve Eylem<\/em>, Say\u0131: 52.<\/p>\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Emperyalist \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda ABD ve son geli\u015fmelerle birlikte giderek \u0130ngiltere\u2019de, siyasal kutupla\u015fma derinle\u015fmektedir. Bir s\u00fcreden beri \u201corta tabaka<\/em>\u201dn\u0131n erozyonunun g\u00f6zlemlendi\u011fi bu \u00fclkelerde, yeniden canlanan bir i\u015f\u00e7i ve sendikal hareket de dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir. \u00d6zellikle \u0130ngiliz i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n yeni Sunak h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin y\u00f6neltmeye haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 geri p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtebilmesinin \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin de \u00f6tesinde sembolik bir anlam\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Marx, K. (1997) Kapital: <\/em>\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Cilt<\/em>, \u00e7ev. A. Bilgi, Sol Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, sf. 221.<\/p>\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Artan ekonomik ve sosyal e\u015fitsizlikler, 2008 krizine kadar \u015fi\u015fen \u201cfinansal balon<\/em>\u201dla bir yere kadar t\u00f6rp\u00fclenebildi. ABD\u2019li siyaset bilimcisi Michael Barkun\u2019un ifadesiyle s\u00f6ylenecek olursa: \u201cE\u015fitsizlik, krediler ve artan emlak de\u011ferleriyle \u00f6rtbas edildi. \u0130nsanlar evlerini bankamatik olarak kullanabildikleri s\u00fcrece her \u015fey yolundayd\u0131.<\/em>\u201d Bkz. Neumann, age, sf. 137.<\/p>\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> Bug\u00fcn devlet bor\u00e7lar\u0131 t\u00fcm \u00f6nemli ileri kapitalist \u00fclkelerde gerek 70\u2019li y\u0131llardan gerekse 2008 krizindekinden \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek. Japonya\u2019da bor\u00e7lar\u0131n GSMH\u2019ya oran\u0131 % 257\u2019yi, \u0130talya\u2019da % 155\u2019i, ABD ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019de de % 100\u2019\u00fc ge\u00e7mi\u015f durumda (% 133 ve % 110).<\/p>\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> Bu konuda \u00f6zellikle Evrensel gazetesinin k\u00f6\u015fe yazarlar\u0131ndan Liverpool \u00dcniversitesi \u00c7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc do\u00e7enti Ceren Ergen\u00e7\u2019in makalelerine bak\u0131labilir. Sadece \u015fu kadar\u0131n\u0131 belirtelim ki, Biden y\u00f6netimi ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 CHIPS-Act\u2019\u0131n ard\u0131ndan (280 milyar dolara ula\u015fan bu te\u015fvik karar\u0131yla ABD\u2019deki yar\u0131-iletken \u00fcretiminin geli\u015ftirilmesi ve ABD\u2019nin uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7ip piyasas\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmekte), ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz Ekim\u2019de do\u011frudan \u00c7in\u2019i hedef alan yeni ihracat k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. D\u00fcnyadaki t\u00fcm yar\u0131-iletken \u00fcretimini etkileyecek bu kararla, yabanc\u0131 firmalar\u0131n ABD bilgisayar \u00e7iplerini \u00c7in\u2019e veya \u00c7in devletine yak\u0131n \u015firketlere satmalar\u0131 yasaklanmaktad\u0131r. Herhangi bir s\u0131radan ticaret karar\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilmeyecek bu stratejik karar, \u00c7in\u2019in yar\u0131-iletken \u00fcretiminde, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla teknolojik alanda, kaydetmeyi \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilerlemeyi yeni bir meydan okumayla y\u00fcz y\u00fcze getirmektedir.<\/p>\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> Neumann, age, sf. 135. T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi i\u00e7n bkz. Thomas Piketty (2014) 21. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Kapital<\/em>, \u00e7ev. H. Ko\u00e7ak, T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul.<\/p>\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> Enough Is Enough, https:\/\/wesayenough.co.uk\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Bloomberg HT (2022) \u201cKriz kahini Roubini\u2019den \u2018karma kriz\u2019 beklentisi\u201d, https:\/\/www.bloomberght.com\/kriz-kahini-roubini-den-karma-kriz-beklentisi-2317552<\/p>\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> \u00d6rne\u011fin toplamda 12 milyon i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7iyi kapsayan Avrupa otomotiv sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn, \u00f6zellikle de yan sanayisindeki i\u015fyerlerinin, d\u00f6rde birinin transformasyon s\u00fcrecinde yok olaca\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir. Bu sekt\u00f6r, AB\u2019nin GSY\u0130H\u2019n\u0131n % 7\u2019sine tekab\u00fcl etmektedir. AB\u2019nin imalat sanayisindeki i\u015fyerlerinin % 8,5\u2019i do\u011frudan otomotiv sanayisine dahildir. Tabii bu oran \u00fclkelere g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Slovakya ve Romanya\u2019da % 15 iken \u0130spanya\u2019da % 8\u2019dir. Otomotiv sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcretiminin do\u011frudan ve dolayl\u0131 olarak etkiledi\u011fi insan say\u0131s\u0131 Avrupa \u00e7ap\u0131nda 30 milyon civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bkz.: Rosa-Luxemburg Stiftung (2022) \u201cDie Weichen auf Wandel stellen\u201d, https:\/\/www.rosalux.eu\/de\/article\/2171.die-weichen-auf-wandel-stellen.html<\/a><\/p>\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> Marx, K. (1990) Louis Bonaparte<\/em>\u2019\u0131<\/em>n 18 Brumaire<\/em>\u2019i<\/em>, \u00e7ev. S. Belli, Sol Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, sf. 76.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ahmet Cengiz Birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r, ekonomisiyle, sosyal ve siyasal durumuyla, uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkileri ve d\u00fczeniyle kapitalist d\u00fcnya, \u00e7e\u015fitli krizler ve sorunlar yuma\u011f\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda durmaktad\u0131r. Adeta yok yok dedirten tablo \u015fu: Pandemi, t\u0131kanan tedarik zincirleri, Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131, e\u015fsiz kapsamda yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar, ekonomik, teknolojik ve siber sava\u015flar, hortlayan militarizm ve yeni bir silahlanma dalgas\u0131, enerji krizi, arz \u015foklar\u0131, yeni g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgalar\u0131, g\u0131da krizi, a\u00e7 kitlelerin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2808,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[527,376,287],"tags":[450,451,452,453,454,455,456],"class_list":["post-2793","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-58-sayi-kis-2022","category-dunya","category-ahmet-cengiz","tag-kuresellesme","tag-savas","tag-yeni-dunya-duzeni","tag-kriz","tag-rusya","tag-ukrayna","tag-dogalgaz"],"yoast_head":"\nKapitalist d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00fcncel a\u00e7mazlar\u0131n\u0131n anlam\u0131<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2023\/01\/09\/kapitalist-dunyanin-guncel-acmazlarinin-anlami\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"en_EN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kapitalist d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00fcncel a\u00e7mazlar\u0131n\u0131n anlam\u0131\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ahmet Cengiz Birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r, ekonomisiyle, sosyal ve siyasal durumuyla, uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkileri ve d\u00fczeniyle kapitalist d\u00fcnya, \u00e7e\u015fitli krizler ve sorunlar yuma\u011f\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda durmaktad\u0131r. Adeta yok yok dedirten tablo \u015fu: Pandemi, t\u0131kanan tedarik zincirleri, Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131, e\u015fsiz kapsamda yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar, ekonomik, teknolojik ve siber sava\u015flar, hortlayan militarizm ve yeni bir silahlanma dalgas\u0131, enerji krizi, arz \u015foklar\u0131, yeni g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgalar\u0131, g\u0131da krizi, a\u00e7 kitlelerin […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2023\/01\/09\/kapitalist-dunyanin-guncel-acmazlarinin-anlami\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Teori ve Eylem\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/teoriveeylem\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-01-09T18:39:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-01-16T15:10:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/01_Ahmet-Cengiz.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"400\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@teoriveeylem\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@teoriveeylem\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"42 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/2023\\\/01\\\/09\\\/kapitalist-dunyanin-guncel-acmazlarinin-anlami\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/2023\\\/01\\\/09\\\/kapitalist-dunyanin-guncel-acmazlarinin-anlami\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/413054853585ad4d138f2f331dfd177c\"},\"headline\":\"Kapitalist d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00fcncel a\u00e7mazlar\u0131n\u0131n anlam\u0131\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-01-09T18:39:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-01-16T15:10:22+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/2023\\\/01\\\/09\\\/kapitalist-dunyanin-guncel-acmazlarinin-anlami\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":9929,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/2023\\\/01\\\/09\\\/kapitalist-dunyanin-guncel-acmazlarinin-anlami\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/01\\\/01_Ahmet-Cengiz.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"k\u00fcreselle\u015fme\",\"sava\u015f\",\"yeni d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeni\",\"kriz\",\"rusya\",\"ukrayna\",\"do\u011falgaz\"],\"articleSection\":[\"58. Say\u0131 \\\/ K\u0131\u015f 2022-2023\",\"D\u00fcnya\",\"Ahmet Cengiz\"],\"inLanguage\":\"tr-TR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/2023\\\/01\\\/09\\\/kapitalist-dunyanin-guncel-acmazlarinin-anlami\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/2023\\\/01\\\/09\\\/kapitalist-dunyanin-guncel-acmazlarinin-anlami\\\/\",\"name\":\"Kapitalist d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00fcncel a\u00e7mazlar\u0131n\u0131n anlam\u0131\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/2023\\\/01\\\/09\\\/kapitalist-dunyanin-guncel-acmazlarinin-anlami\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/2023\\\/01\\\/09\\\/kapitalist-dunyanin-guncel-acmazlarinin-anlami\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/01\\\/01_Ahmet-Cengiz.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-01-09T18:39:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-01-16T15:10:22+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/2023\\\/01\\\/09\\\/kapitalist-dunyanin-guncel-acmazlarinin-anlami\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"tr-TR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/2023\\\/01\\\/09\\\/kapitalist-dunyanin-guncel-acmazlarinin-anlami\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr-TR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/2023\\\/01\\\/09\\\/kapitalist-dunyanin-guncel-acmazlarinin-anlami\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/01\\\/01_Ahmet-Cengiz.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/01\\\/01_Ahmet-Cengiz.jpg\",\"width\":600,\"height\":400},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/2023\\\/01\\\/09\\\/kapitalist-dunyanin-guncel-acmazlarinin-anlami\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Anasayfa\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Kapitalist d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00fcncel a\u00e7mazlar\u0131n\u0131n anlam\u0131\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/\",\"name\":\"Teori ve Eylem\",\"description\":\"\u00dc\u00e7 Ayl\u0131k Sosyalist Teori ve Politika Dergisi\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"tr-TR\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Teori ve Eylem\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr-TR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/12\\\/400x400-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/12\\\/400x400-1.jpg\",\"width\":400,\"height\":400,\"caption\":\"Teori ve Eylem\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/teoriveeylem\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/teoriveeylem\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/teoriveeylem\\\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/413054853585ad4d138f2f331dfd177c\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/author\\\/admin\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Kapitalist d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00fcncel a\u00e7mazlar\u0131n\u0131n anlam\u0131","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2023\/01\/09\/kapitalist-dunyanin-guncel-acmazlarinin-anlami\/","og_locale":"tr_TR","og_type":"article","og_title":"[:tr]Kapitalist d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00fcncel a\u00e7mazlar\u0131n\u0131n anlam\u0131[:] - Teori ve Eylem","og_description":"Ahmet Cengiz Birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r, ekonomisiyle, sosyal ve siyasal durumuyla, uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkileri ve d\u00fczeniyle kapitalist d\u00fcnya, \u00e7e\u015fitli krizler ve sorunlar yuma\u011f\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda durmaktad\u0131r. Adeta yok yok dedirten tablo \u015fu: Pandemi, t\u0131kanan tedarik zincirleri, Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131, e\u015fsiz kapsamda yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar, ekonomik, teknolojik ve siber sava\u015flar, hortlayan militarizm ve yeni bir silahlanma dalgas\u0131, enerji krizi, arz \u015foklar\u0131, yeni g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgalar\u0131, g\u0131da krizi, a\u00e7 kitlelerin […]","og_url":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2023\/01\/09\/kapitalist-dunyanin-guncel-acmazlarinin-anlami\/","og_site_name":"Teori ve Eylem","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/teoriveeylem\/","article_published_time":"2023-01-09T18:39:19+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-01-16T15:10:22+00:00","og_image":[{"width":600,"height":400,"url":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/01_Ahmet-Cengiz.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@teoriveeylem","twitter_site":"@teoriveeylem","twitter_misc":{"Yazan:":false,"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi":"42 dakika"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2023\/01\/09\/kapitalist-dunyanin-guncel-acmazlarinin-anlami\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2023\/01\/09\/kapitalist-dunyanin-guncel-acmazlarinin-anlami\/"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/413054853585ad4d138f2f331dfd177c"},"headline":"Kapitalist d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00fcncel a\u00e7mazlar\u0131n\u0131n anlam\u0131","datePublished":"2023-01-09T18:39:19+00:00","dateModified":"2023-01-16T15:10:22+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2023\/01\/09\/kapitalist-dunyanin-guncel-acmazlarinin-anlami\/"},"wordCount":9929,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2023\/01\/09\/kapitalist-dunyanin-guncel-acmazlarinin-anlami\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/01_Ahmet-Cengiz.jpg","keywords":["k\u00fcreselle\u015fme","sava\u015f","yeni d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeni","kriz","rusya","ukrayna","do\u011falgaz"],"articleSection":["58. Say\u0131 \/ K\u0131\u015f 2022-2023","D\u00fcnya","Ahmet Cengiz"],"inLanguage":"tr-TR"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2023\/01\/09\/kapitalist-dunyanin-guncel-acmazlarinin-anlami\/","url":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2023\/01\/09\/kapitalist-dunyanin-guncel-acmazlarinin-anlami\/","name":"Kapitalist d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00fcncel a\u00e7mazlar\u0131n\u0131n anlam\u0131","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2023\/01\/09\/kapitalist-dunyanin-guncel-acmazlarinin-anlami\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2023\/01\/09\/kapitalist-dunyanin-guncel-acmazlarinin-anlami\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/01_Ahmet-Cengiz.jpg","datePublished":"2023-01-09T18:39:19+00:00","dateModified":"2023-01-16T15:10:22+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2023\/01\/09\/kapitalist-dunyanin-guncel-acmazlarinin-anlami\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"tr-TR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2023\/01\/09\/kapitalist-dunyanin-guncel-acmazlarinin-anlami\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr-TR","@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2023\/01\/09\/kapitalist-dunyanin-guncel-acmazlarinin-anlami\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/01_Ahmet-Cengiz.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/01_Ahmet-Cengiz.jpg","width":600,"height":400},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2023\/01\/09\/kapitalist-dunyanin-guncel-acmazlarinin-anlami\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Anasayfa","item":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Kapitalist d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00fcncel a\u00e7mazlar\u0131n\u0131n anlam\u0131"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/","name":"Teori ve Eylem","description":"\u00dc\u00e7 Ayl\u0131k Sosyalist Teori ve Politika Dergisi","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"tr-TR"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/#organization","name":"Teori ve Eylem","url":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr-TR","@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/400x400-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/400x400-1.jpg","width":400,"height":400,"caption":"Teori ve Eylem"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/teoriveeylem\/","https:\/\/x.com\/teoriveeylem","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/teoriveeylem\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/413054853585ad4d138f2f331dfd177c","name":"admin","url":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/author\/admin\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2793","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2793"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2793\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2796,"href":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2793\/revisions\/2796"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2808"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2793"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2793"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2793"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}