{"id":278,"date":"2017-07-07T10:47:42","date_gmt":"2017-07-07T07:47:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/?p=278"},"modified":"2023-01-18T16:26:41","modified_gmt":"2023-01-18T13:26:41","slug":"isci-sinifi-ve-politik-mucadele","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2017\/07\/07\/isci-sinifi-ve-politik-mucadele\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve politik m\u00fccadele"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ayd\u0131n \u00c7ubuk\u00e7u<\/strong><\/p>\n

Engels i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n temel m\u00fccadele bi\u00e7imlerini s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131rken, ekonomik, ideolojik ve siyasal m\u00fccadele bi\u00e7imlerini sayar. Lenin, bunlar aras\u0131nda siyasal m\u00fccadeleyi temel m\u00fccadele bi\u00e7imi olarak vurgular. Kom\u00fcnist Manifesto, \u201cher s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi, siyasal bir m\u00fccadeledir<\/em>\u201d \u00f6nermesini ileri s\u00fcrer ve bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi kazanabilmesi i\u00e7in, yerel ya da belli bir i\u015fkoluna ait m\u00fccadelelerin ulus \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir m\u00fccadele<\/em> halini almas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine i\u015faret eder. Manifesto, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fccadelesini ilk \u00f6nce burjuvazinin siyasal ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n bir arac\u0131 halinde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. \u201cT\u00fcm bu m\u00fccadelelerinde burjuvazi, proletaryaya ba\u015fvurmak gere\u011fini duyar, onu yard\u0131ma \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r ve b\u00f6ylece proletaryay\u0131 politikan\u0131n i\u00e7ine \u00e7eker. Demek ki, kendi e\u011fitiminin \u00f6\u011felerini, yani kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131lacak silahlar\u0131 proletaryan\u0131n eline bizzat kendisi verir.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

Marksist-Leninist siyaset teorisinin bu temel \u00f6nermelerini birlikte de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fimizde, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imleri aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin hangi zeminde ve hangi ara\u00e7larla, hangi hedefe g\u00f6re kurulaca\u011f\u0131na dair zamana ve mek\u00e2na ba\u011fl\u0131 olmayan, bu anlamda evrensel ilkelerini elde ederiz.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n toplumsal bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olmas\u0131, \u00f6nce onun \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecindeki kilit \u00f6neminden kaynaklan\u0131r. Toplumsal \u00fcretimin ana damar\u0131n\u0131 o te\u015fkil eder. Her t\u00fcrden meta ya da hizmet \u00fcretiminde onu varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. Kapitalizm a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirleyici \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu s\u0131n\u0131f yoksa, canl\u0131 emek s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc yoktur, \u00f6yleyse k\u00e2r yoktur, sermaye yoktur. S\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131yla burjuvazi aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin temelidir. Bu, \u00e7o\u011fu kez i\u015f\u00e7inin a\u011f\u0131r ko\u015fullarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, yoklu\u011fa ve yoksullu\u011fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi pahas\u0131na ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir ve bu da i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir m\u00fccadele vermesini zorunlu k\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Fakat s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi, ya\u015fam ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesi m\u00fccadelesinden ibaret de\u011fildir. Ekonomik ve sosyal ko\u015fullar\u0131n g\u00f6rece iyi oldu\u011fu \u00fclkelerde, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin i\u015flevsiz kalaca\u011f\u0131 yolundaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler, \u00e7ok \u00f6nceleri de s\u00f6ylenmi\u015ftir. Alman Sosyal Demokrat Partisi\u2019nin teorisyen \u00f6nderlerinden Bernstein, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n toplumsal etkisini yitirdi\u011fini, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin ge\u00e7ersiz bir kavram haline geldi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrerken, ya\u015fam d\u00fczeylerinin y\u00fckselmesini, orta s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini, s\u0131n\u0131f yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n karma\u015f\u0131kla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 gerek\u00e7e olarak g\u00f6steriyordu. Buradan hareket ederek, devrimci Marksizmin ve s\u0131n\u0131fa dayal\u0131 parti politikalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilerek (revize edilerek) de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini ve sosyalizm u\u011fruna m\u00fccadele yerine reformlar yoluyla kapitalizmin iyile\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7aba harcanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcyordu. Birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak teoride ve politikada devrimci Marksizmden koparak meydana getirilen de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin k\u00f6keninde, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n toplumsal-tarihsel rol\u00fc hakk\u0131ndaki yanl\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin ba\u015f rol\u00fc oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclebiliyor.<\/p>\n

Bernstein\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hem bir s\u00fcre sonra patlayacak olan Ekim Devrimi ve Almanya\u2019da bir devrimin e\u015fi\u011finden d\u00f6nen sert s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi, hem de bu olaylardaki i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6stermi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Fakat bunlardan daha \u00f6nce, Lenin, Bern\u015ftaync\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n nas\u0131l bir gericilik oldu\u011funu teori ve \u00f6rg\u00fctsel pratik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan mahk\u00fbm etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

\u201cS\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin ve \u00f6zellikle de i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n toplumsal rol\u00fcn\u00fcn kimi g\u00f6reli de\u011fi\u015fikliklere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ge\u00e7ersiz hale gelece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek, ancak m\u00fccadele bi\u00e7imleri i\u00e7inde siyasal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ve m\u00fccadelenin yerini g\u00f6rmemek ya da kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rmezden gelmekle m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/em>\u201d[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Lenin, \u201cBern\u015ftaync\u0131l\u0131k<\/em>\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu sapmay\u0131 ele\u015ftirirken, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n siyasal m\u00fccadele yerine, onun gerili\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrerek ekonomik m\u00fccadele ile yetinmesi gerekti\u011fini, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunun \u201celle tutulur sonu\u00e7lara vaat etmedi\u011fini<\/em>\u201d ileri s\u00fcrenlere kar\u015f\u0131 \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti: \u201cRus i\u015f\u00e7ileri, polisin halka zorbaca davran\u0131\u015f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131, dinsel mezheplere zulmedilmesine, k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin k\u0131rba\u00e7lanmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131, amans\u0131z sans\u00fcre, askerlere i\u015fkence edilmesine, en masum k\u00fclt\u00fcrel giri\u015fimlerin bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na vb. kar\u015f\u0131 ni\u00e7in h\u00e2l\u00e2 bu kadar az devrimci eylemde bulunmaktad\u0131r? B\u00f6yle bir eylem, \u2018elle tutulur sonu\u00e7lar vaat etmedi\u011fi\u2019nden, \u2018olumlu\u2019 fazla bir \u015fey sa\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, \u2018iktisadi m\u00fccadelenin\u2019 onlar\u0131 buna \u2018itmedi\u011fi\u2019nden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc m\u00fcd\u00fcr?<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

Bu s\u00f6zlerde dikkat \u00e7eken bir nokta vard\u0131r. Men\u015fevikler, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 kitlesini kazanabilmenin yolu olarak, g\u00fcndelik talepler \u00fczerinden propaganda-ajitasyon ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yapmakla yetinmeyi \u00f6neriyorlar, siyasi ajitasyon ve propagandan\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ileri \u201columsuz etkiledi\u011fini<\/em>\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Ekonomik m\u00fccadele \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecek bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n etkili ve daha \u201celle tutulur<\/em>\u201d sonu\u00e7lar verece\u011fine inan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bunun nedeni, politikay\u0131, siyasi m\u00fccadele konular\u0131n\u0131, \u201cy\u00fcksek ve i\u015f\u00e7ilerin anlamayaca\u011f\u0131 ve ilgilenmeyece\u011fi bir alan<\/em>\u201d olarak g\u00f6rmeleriydi. \u00d6zetle, i\u015f\u00e7ilere yukar\u0131dan bakan bir tav\u0131r i\u00e7indeydiler. Lenin ise burada, g\u00fcndelik hayat\u0131n ta kendisi<\/em> durumunda olan siyasi gericilik \u00f6rneklerini sayarak, siyasi propaganda ve ajitasyonun i\u00e7eri\u011fini yaln\u0131zca soyut ve y\u00fcksek politika lafazanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sananlara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fclebilece\u011fi gibi bu konular, insani ve vicdani bak\u0131mdan son derece rahats\u0131z edici uygulamalard\u0131r ve asl\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7ilerin her g\u00fcn her saat tan\u0131k olduklar\u0131 ya da ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 olaylard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Nitekim, Lenin buna da i\u015faret ediyor: \u201cB\u00f6yle bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc benimsemek, yineliyoruz, sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 gerekmedi\u011fi yere y\u00f6neltmek olur, ki\u015finin kendi darkafal\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u2018ya da bern\u015ftaync\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u2019 i\u015f\u00e7i y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131na y\u00fcklemek olur. E\u011fer b\u00fct\u00fcn utan\u00e7 verici haks\u0131zl\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 yeteri kadar geni\u015f, \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 ve an\u0131nda te\u015fhirleri h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00f6rg\u00fctleyemiyorsak su\u00e7 bizdedir, y\u0131\u011f\u0131n hareketinin gerisinde kal\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131zdad\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

SINIF POL\u0130T\u0130KASI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Genellikle anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n aksine, \u201cs\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ilgilendiren politika<\/em>\u201d denilince Lenin, \u00f6zel bir politik konular listesi \u00f6nermiyor. Ekonomist bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u201ci\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendiren politika<\/em>\u201d denilince, \u00f6rne\u011fin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretler, k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 gibi sendikal m\u00fccadelenin konusu olan kimi ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 \u201cpolitika d\u00fczeyine y\u00fckseltme<\/em>\u201d bi\u00e7iminde bir anlama bi\u00e7imi \u00e7ok eskiden beri T\u00fcrkiye soluna h\u00e2kimdir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131l\u0131nca, ilk ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 andan itibaren solcu partilerin, \u201ci\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 kazanma<\/em>\u201d diye bir derdi olmu\u015ftur ve bunun da yolu \u201cekmek davas\u0131<\/em>\u201d \u00fczerinden konu\u015fma olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u201c\u0130\u015f\u00e7ileri \u00fcrk\u00fctmeme<\/em>\u201d gibi k\u00f6t\u00fc bir adla an\u0131lan bu tarz\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n nedenlerini Lenin, \u201ckendi darkafal\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kendi bern\u015ftaync\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z<\/em>\u201d olarak a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r. Bu, kendinden, kendi fikirlerinden ve politik tutumundan \u00fcrken reformculu\u011fun k\u00f6kleri ve etkileri ayr\u0131 bir inceleme konusu olabilir. Ancak Lenin\u2019in \u00f6nerdi\u011fi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme bak\u0131nca, bundan kurtulman\u0131n o kadar zor olmayaca\u011f\u0131na inanabiliriz. \u201cBunu yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zaman (ve bunu yapmak zorunday\u0131z ve yapabiliriz de), en geri i\u015f\u00e7i bile, \u00f6\u011frencilerin ve dinsel mezheplerin de, k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin ve yazarlar\u0131n da, kendisini ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n her ad\u0131m\u0131nda bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda tutan ve ezen ayn\u0131 karanl\u0131k g\u00fc\u00e7ler taraf\u0131ndan hakaretlere ve keyfi davran\u0131\u015flara u\u011frad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 anlayacak ya da i\u00e7inde duyacakt\u0131r; ve bunu duyunca, kendisi de tepki g\u00f6stermek isteyecektir, bu yolda dayan\u0131lmaz bir istek duyacak ve gere\u011fini yapmay\u0131 bilecektir; bug\u00fcn sans\u00fcrc\u00fcleri \u2018yuhalayacak\u2019, yar\u0131n bir k\u00f6yl\u00fc ayaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 amans\u0131zca bast\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olan valinin evi \u00f6n\u00fcnde g\u00f6steri yapacak, \u00f6b\u00fcr g\u00fcn kutsal engizisyonun i\u015fini g\u00f6ren papaz k\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 jandarmalara bir ders verecektir.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

Bu \u00f6rneklerde \u00f6nemli olan, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin s\u00f6z konusu olaylara ger\u00e7ekten anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bi\u00e7imde tepki g\u00f6sterip g\u00f6stermemesi de\u011fil, kendileri d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki ezilenlerin sorunlar\u0131na ilgi g\u00f6stermeleridir. Lenin\u2019i ilgilendiren de budur. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca kendisi i\u00e7in ve kendi g\u00fcndelik sorunlar\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele etmesinin bir s\u0131n\u0131f tavr\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131f politikas\u0131 olarak kabul edilmesi ile Lenin\u2019in \u00e7er\u00e7evesini \u00e7izdi\u011fi kapsamda m\u00fccadele etmesi aras\u0131ndaki fark a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. \u201cEkonomik m\u00fccadelenin kendisine siyasal nitelik kazand\u0131rma<\/em>\u201d pe\u015findeki Men\u015fevik program, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, kendinden ibaret dar \u00e7evresine s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken, Lenin\u2019in \u00f6nerisi, tam da Marx\u2019\u0131n \u201cb\u00fct\u00fcn insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc<\/em>\u201d olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerden ele almakta ve onu ger\u00e7ek toplumsal g\u00fc\u00e7 halinde seferber etmenin yolunu a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. \u201cGe\u00e7erken \u2018eylem \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131\u2019 konusunda bir noktaya de\u011finelim. \u0130lkyaz olaylar\u0131ndan \u00f6nce, i\u015f\u00e7iler i\u00e7in elle tutulur sonu\u00e7lar vaat etmedi\u011fi kesin olan bir sorunda, yani \u00f6\u011frencilerin askere al\u0131nmas\u0131 sorununda, i\u015f\u00e7ileri etkin olarak m\u00fcdahale etmeye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran tek gazete \u0130skra olmu\u015ftur. \u2018183 \u00f6\u011frencinin askere al\u0131nmas\u0131\u2019 ile ilgili 11 Ocak tarihli emrin yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131ndan hemen sonra, \u0130skra \u2026 bu konuda bir makale yay\u0131nlad\u0131 ve hen\u00fcz g\u00f6steriler ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce i\u015f\u00e7ileri \u2018\u00f6\u011frencilerin yard\u0131m\u0131na ko\u015fmaya\u2019 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131…<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

Men\u015fevik politika a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcndelik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 hi\u00e7 ilgilendirmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u201celle tutulur sonu\u00e7lar vaat etmeyen<\/em>\u201d bu \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131, Lenin\u2019in g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne g\u00f6re, sosyalist siyasal bilincin geli\u015ftirilmesi g\u00f6revinin bir gere\u011fidir. Lenin, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n kendisi d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki halk kesimlerinin sorunlar\u0131na ilgisinin son derece \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funa bir\u00e7ok kez \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6rneklerle dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir. \u201c\u015eimdiye kadar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan b\u00fct\u00fcn konularda uygun te\u015fhirleri sermekte \u00e7ok az \u015fey, ya da hemen hi\u00e7 bir \u015fey yapmad\u0131k. Bir \u00e7o\u011fumuz, hen\u00fcz bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn bilincine varm\u0131\u015f de\u011fildir, ve fabrika ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n dar \u00e7er\u00e7evesi i\u00e7inde \u2018g\u00fcnl\u00fck tekd\u00fcze m\u00fccadelenin\u2019 ard\u0131nda kendili\u011finden s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmektedir.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 geriden takip<\/em>\u201d \u00e7izgisi, yaln\u0131zca i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n politik bilincini ilerletmek bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zararl\u0131 de\u011fildir; bu, ayn\u0131 zamanda, di\u011fer ezilen, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen halk kesimlerinin m\u00fccadelesini de geri d\u00fczeyde tutmak, daha ileri hedefler u\u011fruna m\u00fccadeleyi olanaks\u0131z hale getirmek sonucunu da getirmektedir. Toplumsal muhalefet g\u00fc\u00e7leri i\u00e7inde, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n bilin\u00e7li ve \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc m\u00fccadelesi \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131k\u00e7a, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 da bunun i\u00e7in elveri\u015fli politik bir \u00e7izgiye gelmedik\u00e7e, demokratik hareketin daha ileri hedefler u\u011fruna m\u00fccadele etmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamaktad\u0131r. \u00c7ok a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde, halk\u0131n di\u011fer kesimleriyle i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 aras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 bir etkile\u015fme \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmekte ve burada as\u0131l ilerletici ve sonu\u00e7 al\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ancak i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n bu g\u00f6revi yerine getirebilmesi, kesin olarak kendi dar g\u00fcndelik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde bir m\u00fccadeleye sevk edilmesiyle olanakl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

SINIFIN B\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kom\u00fcnist Manifesto\u2019da, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 m\u00fccadelesinin gittik\u00e7e geni\u015fleyen bir birlik halinde ilerlemesinin kimi ko\u015fullar\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekilir. Bunlar, \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck sanayinin \u00fcretti\u011fi ve de\u011fi\u015fik yerlerdeki i\u015f\u00e7ilerin birbirleriyle ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan ula\u015f\u0131m ve ileti\u015fim ara\u00e7lar\u0131<\/em>\u201d olarak say\u0131l\u0131r. Marx ve Engels a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan burada \u00f6nemli olan, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin siyasal karakter kazanmas\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n \u201cgeni\u015fleyen birli\u011fi<\/em>\u201d aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkidir. \u201cZaman zaman i\u015f\u00e7ilerin kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 olur, ama bu zafer ge\u00e7icidir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin m\u00fccadelesinin esas sonucu, o anki ba\u015far\u0131 de\u011fil, s\u00fcrekli geni\u015fleyen birle\u015fmeleridir. Bu birle\u015fmeye, b\u00fcy\u00fck sanayinin \u00fcretti\u011fi ve de\u011fi\u015fik yerlerdeki i\u015f\u00e7ilerin birbirleriyle ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan geli\u015fen ula\u015f\u0131m ve ileti\u015fim ara\u00e7lar\u0131 da yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Zaten ayn\u0131 nitelikteki pek \u00e7ok yerel m\u00fccadelenin ulus \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde bir m\u00fccadele, bir s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi olarak yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yaln\u0131zca birle\u015fmeye ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131. Ama her s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi siyasal bir m\u00fccadeledir.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

Lenin, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n birli\u011fi kavram\u0131n\u0131 siyasal m\u00fccadele temelinde a\u00e7\u0131klayarak, bunu sa\u011flayabilmenin yollar\u0131n\u0131 ele al\u0131r. Onun a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u201cs\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n birli\u011fi<\/em>\u201d sorunun bir yan\u0131 elbette ekonomik m\u00fccadelenin \u00e7er\u00e7evesine giren konulardan olu\u015fur. Fakat Manifesto\u2019nun \u00f6nermesiyle birlikte ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imleri aras\u0131nda dolays\u0131z ba\u011flar kurmak gerekti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir ve Lenin\u2019in de as\u0131l hedefi budur. \u015eu halde, \u201cbir rubleye bir kopek ekleme<\/em>\u201d m\u00fccadelesi olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekonomik talepler u\u011fruna m\u00fccadelenin, tek ba\u015f\u0131na ve kendi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n birli\u011fine<\/em> hizmet etmek bir yana, farkl\u0131 i\u015fkollar\u0131 ya da b\u00f6lgeler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan farkl\u0131l\u0131klar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden par\u00e7alay\u0131c\u0131 bir rol oynayabilece\u011fi de g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n

Ku\u015fkusuz k\u0131sa vadede ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7eklerde bu talepler \u201celle tutulur sonu\u00e7lar<\/em>\u201d verebilir. Ancak Lenin bunu, \u201cgeri i\u015f\u00e7ilere ayak uydurmak<\/em>\u201d olarak nitelendiriyor. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 politikas\u0131 m\u00fccadelesi verenlerin g\u00f6revinin, siyasal te\u015fhirleri ve siyasal ajitasyonu derinle\u015ftirmek, geni\u015fletmek ve yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rmak oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. \u00d6nemle belirtti\u011fi bir konu, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ger\u00e7ek ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n da zaten bu oldu\u011fudur. Bir i\u015f\u00e7inin dilinden bunu \u015f\u00f6yle ifade ediyor:<\/p>\n

\u201cVe bu i\u015f\u00e7i, Rabo\u00e7aya Mys\u0131l ve Rabo\u00e7eye Dyelo’dan kendisine ak\u0131l \u00f6\u011fretmeye gelenlere \u015f\u00f6yle diyecektir: bizim kendi ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131za pek\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00fcstesinden gelece\u011fimiz bir i\u015fe b\u00f6yle a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gayretke\u015flikle kar\u0131\u015fmakla, kendinizi bo\u015f yere me\u015fgul ediyorsunuz ve as\u0131l g\u00f6revlerinizden ka\u00e7\u0131yorsunuz baylar. Sosyal-demokratlar\u0131n g\u00f6revinin iktisadi m\u00fccadelenin kendisine siyasal bir nitelik kazand\u0131rmak oldu\u011fu yolundaki iddian\u0131zda zekice olan hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yoktur; bu, sadece bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7t\u0131r ve sosyal-demokratlar\u0131n temel g\u00f6revi de\u011fildir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc, Rusya d\u00e2hil, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada, iktisadi m\u00fccadeleye siyasal nitelik kazand\u0131rmaya ilk kalk\u0131\u015fan, \u00e7ok kez, bizzat polis olmu\u015ftur; h\u00fck\u00fcmetin kimi destekledi\u011fini kavramay\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler kendileri \u00f6\u011freniyorlar. Yeni bir Amerika ke\u015ffetmi\u015f gibi, bu kadar \u00f6vg\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z \u2018i\u015f\u00e7ilerin i\u015fverene ve h\u00fck\u00fcmete kar\u015f\u0131 iktisadi m\u00fccadelesi\u2019, bug\u00fcn Rusya’n\u0131n her taraf\u0131nda, en \u00fccra k\u00f6\u015felerinde bile, grevlerden s\u00f6z edildi\u011fini i\u015fitmi\u015f, ama sosyalizm konusunda hi\u00e7bir \u015fey duymam\u0131\u015f i\u015f\u00e7ilerin kendileri taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmektedir. Elle tutulur sonu\u00e7lar vaat eden somut istemler ileri s\u00fcrerek biz i\u015f\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda harekete ge\u00e7irmek istedi\u011finiz \u2018eylemi\u2019 biz zaten ortaya koyuyoruz ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck, s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 sendikal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131zda, bu somut istemleri \u00e7o\u011fu kez ayd\u0131nlardan hi\u00e7bir yard\u0131m g\u00f6rmeksizin biz kendimiz ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcyoruz. Ama bu eylem bize yetmiyor; biz sadece \u2018iktisadi\u2019 siyaset lapas\u0131yla beslenecek \u00e7ocuklar de\u011filiz. Biz \u00f6tekilerin b\u00fct\u00fcn bildiklerini bilmek istiyoruz. Siyasal ya\u015fam\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00f6nlerini ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak \u00f6\u011frenmek ve tek tek her siyasal olaya etkin olarak kat\u0131lmak istiyoruz. Bunu yapabilmek i\u00e7in, ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n, bizzat bizim pek iyi bildi\u011fimiz \u015feyleri biraz daha az yinelemeleri, ve hen\u00fcz bilmedi\u011fimiz \u015feyleri, fabrikadaki \u2018iktisadi\u2019 deneyimin bize hi\u00e7bir zaman \u00f6\u011fretmeyece\u011fi \u015feyleri, yani siyasal bilgileri biraz daha fazla vermeleri gerekir. Bu bilgileri, siz ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n edinmesi kolayd\u0131r, ve bunlar\u0131 \u015fimdiye kadar sundu\u011funuz miktarlardan y\u00fcz kez ve bin kez daha b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlar halinde bize sunman\u0131z g\u00f6revinizdir; bu bilgileri, bize, sadece tart\u0131\u015fmalar, bro\u015f\u00fcrler ve makaleler bi\u00e7iminde de\u011fil (a\u00e7\u0131k s\u00f6zl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc bize ba\u011f\u0131\u015flay\u0131n; bunlar \u00e7ok kez bir hayli cans\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 olmaktad\u0131rlar), h\u00fck\u00fcmetimizin ve y\u00f6netici s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn alanlar\u0131nda \u015fu anda ne yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 canl\u0131 te\u015fhirler bi\u00e7iminde iletiniz. Bu g\u00f6revinizi yerine getirmek i\u00e7in daha \u00e7ok \u00e7aba g\u00f6steriniz ve \u2018\u00e7al\u0131\u015fan y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131n eylemini y\u00fckseltmek\u2019 konusunda biraz daha az konu\u015funuz. Biz sizin sand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan \u00e7ok daha aktifiz, ve hi\u00e7bir \u2018elle tutulur sonu\u00e7\u2019 vaat etmeyen istemleri bile a\u00e7\u0131k sokak sava\u015flar\u0131yla pek\u00e2l\u00e2 destekleyecek durumday\u0131z. Bizim eylemimizi \u2018y\u00fckseltmek\u2019 size d\u00fc\u015fmez, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc eylemden as\u0131l yoksun olan sizlersiniz. Kendili\u011findenli\u011fe daha az boyun e\u011fin ve kendi eyleminizi y\u00fckseltmeyi biraz daha \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn baylar!<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

Politik e\u011filimleri farkl\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda, yaln\u0131zca g\u00fcndelik \u00e7\u0131karlar temelinde bir \u201cbirlik<\/em>\u201d olu\u015fturma giri\u015fimi, ge\u00e7ici, y\u00fczeysel ve bi\u00e7imsel kimi sonu\u00e7lar verebilir. B\u00fct\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi tarihi boyunca ve b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelerin deneyimleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bunun i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 politikas\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctenlerin hedefi olamayaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve kabul edilmi\u015ftir. \u201cEn gerideki i\u015f\u00e7iye g\u00f6re<\/em>\u201d ajitasyon ve propaganda, geni\u015f kitlelere ula\u015fma hedefini anlams\u0131z, i\u00e7eriksiz hale getirmekte ve sonu\u00e7ta geri bir \u00e7izgiye kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fc\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Lenin\u2019den yap\u0131lan b\u00fct\u00fcn al\u0131nt\u0131lar i\u00e7in bkz: \u201cNe Yapmal\u0131?<\/em>\u201d, \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc B\u00f6l\u00fcm, <\/em>\u201cTrade-Unioncu Siyaset ve Sosyal Demokrat Siyaset<\/em>\u201d Sol Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1990<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ayd\u0131n \u00c7ubuk\u00e7u Engels i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n temel m\u00fccadele bi\u00e7imlerini s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131rken, ekonomik, ideolojik ve siyasal m\u00fccadele bi\u00e7imlerini sayar. Lenin, bunlar aras\u0131nda siyasal m\u00fccadeleyi temel m\u00fccadele bi\u00e7imi olarak vurgular. Kom\u00fcnist Manifesto, \u201cher s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi, siyasal bir m\u00fccadeledir\u201d \u00f6nermesini ileri s\u00fcrer ve bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi kazanabilmesi i\u00e7in, yerel ya da belli bir i\u015fkoluna ait m\u00fccadelelerin ulus \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir m\u00fccadele halini almas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine i\u015faret eder. Manifesto, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":279,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[477,367,370,292],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-278","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-8-sayi-temmuz-2017","category-emek-mucadelesi","category-kuram","category-aydin-cubukcu"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve politik m\u00fccadele<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2017\/07\/07\/isci-sinifi-ve-politik-mucadele\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"en_EN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve politik m\u00fccadele\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ayd\u0131n \u00c7ubuk\u00e7u Engels i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n temel m\u00fccadele bi\u00e7imlerini s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131rken, ekonomik, ideolojik ve siyasal m\u00fccadele bi\u00e7imlerini sayar. Lenin, bunlar aras\u0131nda siyasal m\u00fccadeleyi temel m\u00fccadele bi\u00e7imi olarak vurgular. Kom\u00fcnist Manifesto, \u201cher s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi, siyasal bir m\u00fccadeledir\u201d \u00f6nermesini ileri s\u00fcrer ve bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi kazanabilmesi i\u00e7in, yerel ya da belli bir i\u015fkoluna ait m\u00fccadelelerin ulus \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir m\u00fccadele halini almas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine i\u015faret eder. 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Lenin, bunlar aras\u0131nda siyasal m\u00fccadeleyi temel m\u00fccadele bi\u00e7imi olarak vurgular. Kom\u00fcnist Manifesto, \u201cher s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi, siyasal bir m\u00fccadeledir\u201d \u00f6nermesini ileri s\u00fcrer ve bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi kazanabilmesi i\u00e7in, yerel ya da belli bir i\u015fkoluna ait m\u00fccadelelerin ulus \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir m\u00fccadele halini almas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine i\u015faret eder. 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