{"id":1558,"date":"2022-08-02T14:51:50","date_gmt":"2022-08-02T11:51:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/?p=1558"},"modified":"2023-01-16T13:52:39","modified_gmt":"2023-01-16T10:52:39","slug":"ukrayna-isgali-ve-abd-dis-politikasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2022\/08\/02\/ukrayna-isgali-ve-abd-dis-politikasi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ukrayna i\u015fgali ve ABD d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ekim K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Ukrayna\u2019y\u0131 i\u015fgalinin ard\u0131ndan ABD ve AB, askeri ve diplomatik etkinli\u011fini artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi Rusya\u2019y\u0131 ekonomik olarak s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli yapt\u0131r\u0131m kararlar\u0131 ald\u0131. NATO, Do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019daki askeri ve Avrupa\u2019daki ekonomik varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve siyasal etkisini art\u0131rd\u0131. Bununla birlikte Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n NATO \u00fcyeli\u011fi fiilen rafa kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rusya a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ise evdeki hesap \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131ya uymad\u0131. Ukrayna\u2019daki askeri ve siyasal hedeflerini k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiremedi.[1]<\/sup><\/a> \u00d6te yandan Rusya, Ukrayna\u2019ya sald\u0131r\u0131 hamlesinde a\u011f\u0131r aksak da olsa ilerleme kaydetti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Ukrayna\u2019ya sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131, ABD\u2019nin hakim konumundaki gerilemeye ili\u015fkin bir s\u00fcredir devam eden tart\u0131\u015fmaya dair somut bir i\u015faret sundu. ABD \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 kurulan, uzun zamand\u0131r ABD\u2019nin \u00f6nc\u00fc konumunun sorguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ama bu konumun genel olarak devam etti\u011fi uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczenin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6stergesi olarak yorumland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2008 G\u00fcrcistan, 2014 K\u0131r\u0131m harekatlar\u0131 ve en \u00f6nemlisi 2015 Suriye \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na m\u00fcdahalesindeki askeri zaferlerini siyasal kazan\u0131mlara \u00e7eviren Moskova ve onun yak\u0131n duran Pekin, ABD ve AB emperyalistlerinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bat\u0131 ittifak\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir kutup olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Biden\u2019\u0131n d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131, di\u011fer etkenlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00f6zellikle \u00c7in\u2019in y\u00fckseli\u015fine ba\u011fl\u0131 olan g\u00f6reli gerilemesine d\u00f6n\u00fck ihtiya\u00e7lara cevap verecek bi\u00e7imde \u015fekillendi. ABD, \u00c7in\u2019i ve Rusya\u2019y\u0131 hedefe koyarak bat\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fcttefiklerini kendi d\u0131\u015f politika \u00e7izgisi y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde hizaya sokmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, liberal ve \u201cdemokrat\u201d d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc konumunu korumak istiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Buna ra\u011fmen bir s\u00fcredir ABD\u2019nin siyasal, ekonomik ve askeri hegemonyas\u0131ndaki \u00e7atlaklar dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Gerek ABD i\u00e7indeki siyasal gerilimler gerek Irak\u2019\u0131n i\u015fgalinden sonraki d\u00fcnya genelinde artan ABD kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek de 2008 finansal krizinden beri kendi kurdu\u011fu sistemdeki sars\u0131nt\u0131lar Rusya\u2019n\u0131n ABD\u2019nin dolayl\u0131 olarak hamili\u011fini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00fclkeye nas\u0131l bu kadar kolay sald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda baz\u0131 ip u\u00e7lar\u0131 sunabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tart\u0131\u015fma \u00e7ok boyutlu olmakla birlikte, biz bu makalede, ABD\u2019nin i\u00e7inde, \u00f6zellikle Ukrayna ba\u011flam\u0131nda izlenecek d\u0131\u015f politikaya dair nas\u0131l bir safla\u015fman\u0131n tezah\u00fcr etti\u011fini, bu pop\u00fcler safla\u015fmada izolasyoncu ve m\u00fcdahaleci yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n nas\u0131l kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

GENEL Y\u00d6NEL\u0130MLER<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD, bir \u00fclke ya da b\u00f6lgeye nas\u0131l m\u00fcdahale edecek? Buna uygun olarak nas\u0131l konumlanacak? Ekonomik ve askeri kaynaklar\u0131 nas\u0131l kullan\u0131lacak? \u2018Ulusal \u00e7\u0131kar\u2019 paravan\u0131 ard\u0131nda ABD ana vatan\u0131 d\u0131\u015f geli\u015fmelerden nas\u0131l etkilenecek?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayr\u0131l\u0131klar veya en az\u0131ndan fikri farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n bu sorular ekseninde \u015fekillendi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenebilir. Bu ayr\u0131l\u0131k, ABD\u2019de tarihsel olarak iki ana anlay\u0131\u015fta kendini ifade edegeldi. Biri do\u011frudan askeri m\u00fcdahaleye ve d\u0131\u015f mal\u00ee yard\u0131ma kar\u015f\u0131 olan, deyim yerindeyse i\u00e7e d\u00f6nmeyi savunan izolasyoncu yakla\u015f\u0131m<\/em>, di\u011feri ise d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck askeri g\u00fcc\u00fc olarak uluslararas\u0131 sorun ve olaylara do\u011frudan m\u00fcdahale etmeyi savunan m\u00fcdahaleci yakla\u015f\u0131m<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fcdahaleci yakla\u015f\u0131m Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6ncesi yay\u0131lmac\u0131, yani toprak ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrge kazanmay\u0131 hedefleyen bir anlay\u0131\u015f olarak kendini g\u00f6sterdi. Bu anlay\u0131\u015fa genellikle Cumhuriyet\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda rastlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u015fahin d\u0131\u015f politika g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleriyle bilinen neo-muhafazakar cumhuriyet\u00e7i ve Wyoming temsilcisi Liz Cheney, Ukrayna’da m\u00fcdahale etmeme politikas\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan baz\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filere yan\u0131t olarak izolasyonculu\u011fun “her zaman yanl\u0131\u015f” ve “tehlikeli” oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti. Cheney ile beraber cumhuriyet\u00e7ilerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu da, Ukrayna’ya g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ABD deste\u011fi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu. Cheney ayr\u0131ca Ukrayna\u2019ya ili\u015fkin d\u0131\u015f politikada Amerikan m\u00fcdahalecili\u011finin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc ifade etti: \u201cD\u00fcnyadan \u00e7ekilece\u011fimizi ve \u00f6nderlik etmeyece\u011fimizi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek, Amerika \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fimizi savunamaz ve koruyamaz.<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a> Amerikan m\u00fcdahalecili\u011finin \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc olan ve ABD\u2019yi deniz a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir imparatorlu\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren 1897 ve 1901 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131 ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015f William McKinley\u2019de ayn\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131ma sahipti.[3]<\/sup><\/a> Genellikle cumhuriyet\u00e7ilerin ve demokratlar\u0131n merkez g\u00fc\u00e7leri m\u00fcdahalecilik yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda uzla\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130zolasyoncu yakla\u015f\u0131m ise bug\u00fcn do\u011frudan askeri m\u00fcdahale olmaks\u0131z\u0131n yeni s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci y\u00f6ntemlerle, yani ekonomi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr politikalar\u0131yla ABD\u2019nin y\u00f6r\u00fcngesindeki \u00fclkeleri y\u00f6netmeyi savunuyor. Ortado\u011fu\u2019da bunun \u00f6rnekleri Suudi Arabistan, \u0130srail ve T\u00fcrkiye gibi \u00fclkelerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130zolasyonculu\u011fa dair yak\u0131n ve \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6rnek ise ABD\u2019nin 2019 Ocak ay\u0131nda Venezuela siyasi krizinde oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rold\u00fcr. Son y\u0131llarda kendi arka bah\u00e7esi olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Latin Amerika\u2019da zay\u0131flayan otoritesini tekrar aya\u011fa kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in Venezuela ve Bolivya gibi \u00fclkelerde askeri ve sivil darbeler \u00f6rg\u00fctleyen, K\u00fcba\u2019ya y\u00f6nelik blokaj\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren ABD bu m\u00fcdahaleleri Latin Amerika\u2019daki b\u00f6lgesel egemenli\u011fini tehdit eden Rusya ve \u00c7in gibi g\u00fc\u00e7lere kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131yordu. Venezuela\u2019daki krizin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7te Amerikan medyas\u0131nda, \u201cVenezuela\u2019da bir asker\u00ee darbeyi desteklemek i\u00e7 sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r, bu da Rusya\u2019n\u0131n i\u015fine yarar<\/em>\u201d, \u201cbu kadar g\u00f6\u00e7le u\u011fra\u015famay\u0131z<\/em>\u201d gibi s\u00f6ylemler \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wall Street Journal gazetesinden Walter Russell Mead \u201cMaduro, Putin\u2019in Caracas\u2019taki adam\u0131d\u0131r<\/em>\u201d demi\u015fti.[4]<\/sup><\/a> Ki bu sadece bir d\u0131\u015f politika uzman\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesizce ifade etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc yans\u0131tm\u0131yordu. ABD d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131nda belirleyici konumu olan D\u0131\u015f \u0130li\u015fkiler Konseyi\u2019nin (Council of Foreign Relations) her y\u0131l ABD d\u0131\u015f politika uzmanlar\u0131na yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00d6nleyici \u00d6ncelikler Anketi\u2019nin 17 Aral\u0131k 2018\u2019de 2019 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in yay\u0131nlanan raporunda d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki 30 riskli b\u00f6lgeden biri olarak ifade edilen Venezuela\u2019daki krizin, ABD i\u00e7in en \u201cba\u015f \u00f6ncelik\u201d oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirmesi mevcuttu. Raporda b\u00f6ylesi bir riskin y\u00fcksek ihtimalle ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilece\u011fi ve ABD \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 \u201corta d\u00fczeyde\u201d etkileyebilece\u011fi vurgulan\u0131yordu.[5]<\/sup><\/a> Buna ra\u011fmen ABD ne askeri bir darbeyi ne de do\u011frudan m\u00fcdahaleyi tercih etti, Maduro h\u00fck\u00fcmetine muhalif Juan Guaido\u2019yu desteklemekle yetindi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ABD sava\u015f\u0131 kendi evine getirmek istemiyordu. Burada Irak Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 travma da bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkiliydi. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz ortalama Amerikan ulusalc\u0131 bilincinde Irak Sava\u015f\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f bir tercihtir, \u00e7ok\u00e7a ekonomik zorluk getirmi\u015ftir ve Irak\u2019tan hi\u00e7bir \u015fey kazan\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130zolasyoncu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f s\u00f6ylem d\u00fczeyinde ABD\u2019nin d\u00fcnyaya demokrasi getirmek gibi bir g\u00f6revi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kendisine yarardan \u00e7ok zarar verdi\u011fini dile getirmektedir.[6]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bununla birlikte, bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere, ABD asla -kelimenin tam anlam\u0131yla- izolasyoncu olmad\u0131. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca do\u011fu sath\u0131ndan Pasifik k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na do\u011fru yerli halklar\u0131 katlederek ana karas\u0131nda geni\u015flemesini tamamlayan ABD, 1823\u2019te Monroe Doktrini ile \u0130ngilizler ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere Avrupal\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin Bat\u0131 yar\u0131mk\u00fcreden uzakla\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7abalad\u0131. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonunda \u0130spanya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaferle K\u00fcba, Guam, Filipinler ve Porto Riko\u2019yu s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftiren ABD emperyalist bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak sahneye \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Deyim yerindeyse ba\u015ftan beri m\u00fcdahaleci<\/em> oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Buna izolasyoncular\u0131 da dahil edebiliriz. \u00d6rne\u011fin d\u0131\u015f politikada izolasyonculu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a savunanlar aras\u0131nda Trump taraftarlar\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ekmektedir. Ama Trump\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde May\u0131s 2017\u2019de Suudi Arabistan ile 110 milyar dolar\u0131 bulan silah sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi imzalad\u0131. Ayn\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmede \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 10 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde 350 milyar dolarl\u0131k daha silah sat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 teminat\u0131 verildi.[7]<\/sup><\/a> S\u00f6zde has izolasyoncu Trump, ABD tekelci kapitalizminin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda genel izolasyoncu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan tavizler verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6yleyse, izolasyoncu ya da m\u00fchahaleci yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n ABD d\u0131\u015f politika tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genel olarak ifade edildi\u011finde, m\u00fcdahaleci yakla\u015f\u0131m, ABD\u2019de sermayenin iki ana partisi olan Cumhuriyet\u00e7ilerin ve Demokratlar\u0131n hakim g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u0130zolasyoncu yakla\u015f\u0131m ise s\u00f6ylem d\u00fczeyinde ve genellikle su\u00e7lama arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra izolasyoncu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n baz\u0131 tezleri, ABD m\u00fcdahalesinin hangi d\u00fczeyde olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi konusunda, bir \u201c\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc\u201d tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n arac\u0131 haline gelmektedir. ABD\u2019nin herhangi bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131na do\u011frudan kendi kara ordusunu g\u00f6nderip g\u00f6ndermemesi veya havadan ve denizden bombard\u0131man deste\u011finde bulunup bulunmamas\u0131 veya vekalet sava\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcp y\u00fcr\u00fctmemesi gibi tart\u0131\u015fmalarda \u201c\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc\u201d sorunu \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kabiliyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin ABD, Ukrayna\u2019ya siyasal, diplomatik ve askeri destek verse de deste\u011fin yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ele\u015ftiriler var.[8]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ba\u011flamda ABD\u2019nin d\u00f6nemsel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re m\u00fcdahaleci ya da izolasyoncu yakla\u015f\u0131m \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Ancak, ABD, emperyalist bir g\u00fc\u00e7 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu iki hat, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mekte ve taktiksel tart\u0131\u015fmalarda g\u00fcndeme gelmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

UKRAYNA \u00d6ZEL\u0130NDEK\u0130 TARTI\u015eMALAR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukrayna meselesinde d\u0131\u015f politikadaki safla\u015fma yine ayn\u0131 d\u00fczlemde ama bu sefer ABD\u2019nin ba\u015fka bir emperyalisti kabul etmesi gerekti\u011fi ger\u00e7ekli\u011finin kabul\u00fc ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler disiplininde ofansif neorealizm \u00f6nde gelen temsilcilerinden Chicago \u00dcniversitesi Profes\u00f6r\u00fc John Mearsheimer\u2019\u0131n 1 Mart 2022\u2019de New Yorker\u2019da \u00e7\u0131kan r\u00f6portaj\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r oldu. Ona g\u00f6re sorun, Nisan 2008\u2019de NATO\u2019nun Ukrayna ve G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n \u00fcye olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131yla ba\u015flad\u0131. Rusya bunu varolu\u015fsal bir tehdit olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Mearsheimer, Monroe doktrinini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrerek Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Ukrayna sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7 siyasetinin bir sonucu olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yor. ABD\u2019nin So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde demokratik olarak se\u00e7ilmi\u015f h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri devirdi\u011fini ve bunun b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7 siyasetinin do\u011fal bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu ifade eden Mearsheimer, Ukrayna\u2019daki krizin sorumlusu olarak ABD\u2019yi g\u00f6steriyor.[9]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mearsheimer yine daha \u00f6ncesinde New Yorker\u2019dan Benjamin Wallace-Wells ile aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en bir sohbette \u201cJosh Hawley\u2019in siyasetini sevmese de\u201d onun bu konuda hakl\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ifade ediyor. Missouri Cumhuriyet\u00e7i Parti senat\u00f6r\u00fc olan Hawley, Trump\u2019\u0131 2020 se\u00e7imlerinin ge\u00e7ersiz oldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin iddialar konusunda cesaretlendirilmesiyle biliniyor. Kendisi ayr\u0131ca bir \u00c7in kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 \u201c\u015fahin\u201d. Beyaz Saray Bas\u0131n Sekreteri Jen Psaki, Hawley\u2019i \u201cRuslar\u0131n s\u00f6ylemlerini papa\u011fan gibi tekrarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u201d y\u00f6n\u00fcnde su\u00e7lamas\u0131ndan sonra, Bernie Sanders\u2019\u0131n d\u0131\u015f politika dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 Matt Duss, Psaki\u2019ye \u201cHawley korkun\u00e7 ama bunlar Bush y\u00f6netiminin Irak sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftirenlere y\u00f6neltti\u011fi su\u00e7lamalar\u0131n ayn\u0131s\u0131. Bunu yapma<\/em>\u201d dedi.[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu tart\u0131\u015fma Hawley\u2019in \u015eubat ay\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Antony Blinken’e ABD’nin pozisyonunu yeniden de\u011ferlendirmesi gerekti\u011fini savunan bir mektup yazmas\u0131yla ba\u015flad\u0131. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta, 2008’de B\u00fckre\u015f’te yap\u0131lan bir zirvede verilen bir taahh\u00fct olan Ukrayna’n\u0131n NATO’ya kat\u0131lma planlar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmenin zaman\u0131n\u0131n geldi\u011fini yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ukraynal\u0131lar\u0131n silahland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 h\u00e2l\u00e2 destekledi\u011fini belirten Hawley, Ba\u015fkan Biden’\u0131n Do\u011fu Avrupa’ya asker g\u00f6ndermesinin ak\u0131ll\u0131ca olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek ABD’nin dikkatinin Asya’dan gelen tehditler \u00fczerinde olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgulad\u0131. Mearsheimer de bu konuda farkl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyor. Odak noktas\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7in \u00fczerinde olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunuyor.[11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eski Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri Ulusal G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi Avrupa ve Rusya \u0130\u015fleri K\u0131demli Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Fiona Hill de bu koroya farkl\u0131 bir yerden kat\u0131ld\u0131: \u201cSay\u0131n Putin’in Ukrayna ve G\u00fcrcistan’\u0131 NATO’ya yakla\u015ft\u0131racak ad\u0131mlar\u0131 muhtemelen Rus askeri harek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtacak bir hareket olarak g\u00f6rece\u011fi konusunda uyard\u0131k. Ama nihayetinde uyar\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z dikkate al\u0131nmad\u0131.<\/em>\u201d[12]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wells ise yaz\u0131s\u0131nda Rusya\u2019n\u0131n i\u015fgalinden ABD\u2019nin sorumlu oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnenleri, Obama\u2019n\u0131n eski Ulusal G\u00fcvenlik Dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 Ben Rhodes\u2019in deyimiyle tan\u0131ml\u0131yor: \u2018Blob\u2019, yani b\u00fcy\u00fcyen canavar. Rhodes\u2019in b\u00fcy\u00fcyen canavar olarak tarif etti\u011fi toplulukta Hillary Clinton, 2006-11 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131 savunma bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f Robert Gates ve Irak Sava\u015f\u0131 savunucular\u0131 yer al\u0131yor. Bunlara So\u011fuk Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 d\u0131\u015f politika d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrleri, savunma m\u00fcteahhitleri, gazeteciler ve uluslararas\u0131 gerilimin en y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu anlarda u\u00e7aksavar f\u00fczelerin g\u00f6nderilmesini savunanlar\u0131 ekliyor.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBlob\u201da kar\u015f\u0131 geli\u015fen muhalefeti ise Wells, 2016’daki pop\u00fclist hareketlerin ard\u0131ndan \u00c7in \u015fahinlerinden, doktriner realistlerden, anti-emperyalistlerden ve sonsuz sava\u015flardan t\u00fckenmi\u015f insanlardan olu\u015fan bir kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak tarif ediyor. Ortak ama\u00e7lardan ziyade Amerika’n\u0131n geleneksel kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131ndan duyulan rahats\u0131zl\u0131ktan dolay\u0131 bir araya geliyorlar. Bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n izolasyoncu, di\u011ferlerinin idealist ve geriye kalanlar\u0131n ise sadece farkl\u0131 bir stratejik bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na sahip oldu\u011funu ifade ediyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin Wells yine Sanders\u2019\u0131n d\u0131\u015f politika dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 Duss\u2019\u0131n kendisine s\u00f6ylediklerini aktar\u0131yor: \u201cAmerikan d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131, Amerikan halk\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve refah\u0131 ile ilgilidir. <\/em>Ancak ilericiler ayn\u0131 zamanda bir dayan\u0131\u015fma duygusu da getirirler. Bu y\u00fczden Ukrayna halk\u0131yla nas\u0131l dayan\u0131\u015fma g\u00f6sterebiliriz diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz<\/em>.\u201d Amerikan d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131nda m\u00fcdahaleci yakla\u015f\u0131ma muhalif duran ak\u0131mlar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7 kazanmas\u0131n\u0131n ABD kamuoyunda da bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 var. Bir CNN anketine g\u00f6re Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n %83’\u00fcn\u00fcn Rusya’ya kar\u015f\u0131 artan ekonomik yapt\u0131r\u0131mlardan yana olduklar\u0131 bildiriliyor. ABD\u2019nin bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde m\u00fcdahale etmesi gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlar. Ancak ba\u015fka bir deniza\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sava\u015fa giri\u015filmesinden de korkuyorlar.[14]<\/sup><\/a> Yani kendi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerinde daha izolasyoncu bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 tercih ederek m\u00fcdahalecili\u011fe ele\u015ftirel yakla\u015f\u0131yorlar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD\u2019de Ukrayna i\u015fgali temelindeki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n temeli 2016\u2019ya uzan\u0131yor. ABD 1990\u2019dan beri Irak (1991), Bosna (1995), Kosova (1999), Afganistan (2001-2021), yine Irak (2003-2011) ve Libya (2011) olmak \u00fczere do\u011frudan taraf oldu\u011fu alt\u0131 sava\u015f verdi. Bunun yan\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok yerde silah ve bombard\u0131man deste\u011finde bulundu. Bu sava\u015flar\u0131n hepsinde de Fukuyamac\u0131 tarihin sonu ve liberal demokrasinin mutlak zaferi teorilerini s\u00f6ylemlerine arac\u0131 etti. Buna g\u00f6re ABD askeri m\u00fcdahalelerle liberal demokrasilerin d\u00fcnyada yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131. B\u00f6ylece kendi ekonomik, askeri ve siyasal hakimiyet alanlar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletecekti. Fakat gerek uzun s\u00fcreli sava\u015flar\u0131n getirdi\u011fi ekonomik fatura, gerek 2008 krizinin d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sars\u0131c\u0131 etkiler ve gerekse kapitalist-emperyalist d\u00fcnyada ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan yeni odaklar ABD\u2019nin d\u0131\u015f politikada art\u0131k eskisi gibi s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131zca ve esnek hesaplamalarla davranamayaca\u011f\u0131 bir durumu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131zca \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Ukrayna\u2019da ABD\u2019yi su\u00e7layan kesimin i\u015faret etti\u011fi nokta, ABD\u2019nin \u00c7in\u2019e odaklanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi. Mearsheimer bunu uzun s\u00fcreden beri s\u00f6ylese de bu ses art\u0131k daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc yank\u0131lan\u0131yor. Yani ABD\u2019li d\u0131\u015f politika uzmanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ABD\u2019nin herkese kar\u015f\u0131 ayn\u0131 anda m\u00fccadele edemeyecek halde oldu\u011funu \u00f6n kabul olarak alan bir anlay\u0131\u015f mevcut. \u00d6te yandan ABD esnek hesaplamalar\u0131n art\u0131k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemdedir. Irak Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda askeri zafer kazanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen onu siyasal bir zafere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrerek istedi\u011fi rejimi kuramad\u0131. \u00d6ncesinde d\u00fcnyadaki hakimiyetini g\u00f6receli olarak tek ba\u015f\u0131na y\u00fcr\u00fcten ABD\u2019nin, art\u0131k m\u00fcdahalelerinin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olup olamayaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda daha \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc davranmas\u0131 gerekiyor. Aksi takdirde, olaylar kendisine daha fazla ekonomik fatura ve etki kayb\u0131 olarak geri d\u00f6n\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmekte fayda var. Her ne olursa olsun, NY Times\u2019\u0131n k\u00f6\u015fe yazar\u0131 Damien Cave baz\u0131 \u015f\u00fcphecilerde bile m\u00fcdahalecilik yanl\u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin y\u00fckseldi\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Cave, emekli bir ABD Irak ve Afganistan b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi olan Ryan C. Crocker\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine ba\u015fvuruyor. Crocker, ABD\u2019nin Afganistan\u2019dan felaket niteli\u011findeki \u00e7ekili\u015finden sonra bile Biden y\u00f6netiminin ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ABD’nin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir k\u00fcresel tepkiyi bir araya getirip \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck edebilece\u011fini kan\u0131tlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.[15]<\/sup><\/a> ABD\u2019nin liberal d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc tekrar kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 fikrine muhafazakar medya da kat\u0131l\u0131yor. Wall Street Journal editoryal kurulunun \u201cVladimir Putin\u2019den Nato\u2019ya Hediye\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131nda Putin\u2019in Ukrayna’y\u0131 i\u015fgal etmenin NATO’yu par\u00e7alayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 umdu\u011funu, ancak aksine ittifak\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendi\u011fini ve \u015fimdi geni\u015flemeye haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurguluyor. Bu, ittifak\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcmesinin Rusya’n\u0131n sald\u0131rganl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n nedeni de\u011fil, bir sonucu oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor.[16]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD\u2019nin bu konudaki \u0131srar\u0131n\u0131 D\u0131\u015f \u0130li\u015fkiler Konseyi\u2019nin (Council of Foreign Relations) bir yaz\u0131s\u0131nda, \u201cABD\u2019nin Ukrayna\u2019daki \u00f6ncelikleri\u201d alt ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Eski ABD Ulusal G\u00fcvenlik Dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 Zbigniew Brzezinski, 1994’\u00fcn ba\u015flar\u0131nda Foreign Affairs dergisinde sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve istikrarl\u0131 bir Ukrayna’y\u0131 Rusya’ya kar\u015f\u0131 kritik bir dengeleyici unsur olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ve bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle So\u011fuk Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 ABD\u2019nin yeni b\u00fcy\u00fck stratejisinin par\u00e7as\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savundu. Brzezinski \u201cUkrayna olmadan Rusya’n\u0131n bir imparatorluk olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak <\/em>Ukrayna’n\u0131n [Rusya\u2019ya] boyun e\u011fmesi ve ard\u0131ndan tabi k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131 ile Rusya’n\u0131n otomatik olarak bir imparatorluk haline geldi\u011fi yeterince g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde vurgulanamaz<\/em>\u201d diye yazd\u0131.[17]<\/sup><\/a> Makalenin yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131ndan bir s\u00fcre sonra ABD, \u0130ngiltere ve Rusya, Budape\u015fte Referandumu arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Ukrayna’n\u0131n n\u00fckleer olmayan bir devlet haline gelmesi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve egemenli\u011fine sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterme s\u00f6z\u00fc vermi\u015fti.[18]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

SONU\u00c7 YER\u0130NE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Ukrayna\u2019ya sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131, Amerikan hegemonyas\u0131n\u0131n zay\u0131flad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin g\u00f6stergelerden biri. Bununla birlikte ABD, Rusya ve \u00c7in kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ittifak g\u00fc\u00e7lerini hizaya sokmak i\u00e7in elinden geleni yapmakta. Ancak ara\u00e7lar\u0131 eskisine g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin ABD\u2019nin \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcr d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc\u201d oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylemi bug\u00fcn daha etkisiz. ABD\u2019nin sava\u015f propagandas\u0131n\u0131n temsilcisi durumundaki s\u00f6zde \u2018bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u2019 liberallerin bile Ukraynal\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7menler konusunda beyaz olmalar\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla tak\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131 tav\u0131r, d\u00fcnya kamuoyunda \u201cburada da m\u0131 esmer ve siyah halklara \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k yapmay\u0131 becerdiniz?\u201d tepkilerine yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NATO\u2019nun geni\u015flemesinin Rusya\u2019y\u0131 sava\u015fmaya zorlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tezi ger\u00e7ek olsa da ABD\u2019nin, ticaret sava\u015flar\u0131yla ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019da kurdu\u011fu ittifaklarla as\u0131l hedefi \u00c7in. Ancak, ABD i\u00e7in sorunlu b\u00f6lgelerin say\u0131s\u0131 da artmakta. Rusya\u2019ya geri ad\u0131m att\u0131rmak, Latin Amerika\u2019da \u201ci\u015flerin yolunda gitmesini\u201d garanti etmek ve Avrupa\u2019da m\u00fcttefikleri hizaya sokmak gerekiyor. Farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerdeki uzla\u015fma ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerdekini etkiliyor, d\u00fcnyay\u0131 bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131na \u00e7eviriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zetle ABD Biden y\u00f6netimiyle beraber Trump d\u00f6neminde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a konulan \u2018\u00d6nce Amerika\u2019 politikas\u0131n\u0131 devam ettiriyor. ABD\u2019nin hegemonyas\u0131n\u0131 korumaya ve art\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 esas alarak ABD\u2019nin \u201cliberal d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc\u201d oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki imaj\u0131 yenilemeye giri\u015fti. Rusya ile \u00c7in\u2019i ku\u015fatma stratejisinin uzant\u0131s\u0131 olarak bir \u201cdemokrasi zirvesi\u201d organize etti. Ama bu imaj tazelemesi y\u0131llard\u0131r d\u00fcnya hakimiyetini neredeyse tek ba\u015f\u0131na s\u00fcrd\u00fcren ABD\u2019nin i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6rtmeye yetmedi. Her yandan su almaya ba\u015flayan d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeninde bir yandan G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019ya odaklan\u0131rken \u00f6te yandan Avrupa\u2019da Rusya\u2019n\u0131n etki alan\u0131n\u0131 geri kazanmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor. Avrupa\u2019ya m\u00fcttefiklerini hizaya \u00e7ekmek amac\u0131yla odaklanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken \u00c7in ile Almanya\u2019n\u0131n, Rusya ile Fransa\u2019n\u0131n ortakl\u0131klar\u0131 gibi ba\u015fka ortakl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fc kolayca al\u0131namaz bir \u015fekilde geli\u015fti\u011fine \u015fahit oluyor. Bu noktada, ABD i\u00e7inde, Ukrayna \u00fczerinden s\u00fcren d\u0131\u015f politika tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 b\u00f6lgesel ve k\u00fcresel rakip g\u00fc\u00e7lerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131ma noktas\u0131na geldi. ABD her ne kadar Rusya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 k\u00fcresel bir cevap \u00f6rg\u00fctlese de ikna etmekte eskisine g\u00f6re daha fazla g\u00fc\u00e7 harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir bat\u0131 ittifak\u0131 ve kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6nceki askeri zaferlerini siyasi zaferlere \u00e7evirmi\u015f bir Rusya var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> Birdal, M. S. (2022) \u201cSteinmeier hadisesi ve Ostpolitik\u2019in sonu\u201d, Evrensel<\/em>, https:\/\/www.evrensel.net\/yazi\/90771\/steinmeier-hadisesi-ve-ostpolitikin-sonu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Choi, J. (2022) \u201cCheney on Ukraine: Isolationism has \u2018always been wrong\u2019\u201d, The Hill, https:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/house\/596034-cheney-on-ukraine-isolationism-has-always-been-wrong\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> Rusling, J. F. (1903) \u201cInterview with President McKinley\u201d, Christian Advocate, (New York) 78; 137-138; Ellen Adams vd. (2018) \u201cAmerican Empire\u201d, Ellen Adams and Amy Kohout, ed., The American Yawp<\/em>, Stanford University Press, ed. Joseph Locke and Ben Wright.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> Mead, W.R. (2019) \u201cMaduro Is Putin\u2019s Man in Caracas\u201d, Wall Street Journal<\/em>, https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/maduro-is-putins-man-in-caracas-11548723258<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> Center for Preventive Action (2019) \u201cThe Top Conflicts to Watch in 2019: Venezuela\u201d, Council On Foreign Relations<\/em>, https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/blog\/top-conflicts-watch-2019-venezuela<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> \u0130zolasyoncu yakla\u015f\u0131m fa\u015fist-\u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 ve sosyal demokrat siyasal e\u011filimler taraf\u0131ndan daha keskin ifadelerle sahiplenilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> David, J. E. (2017) \u201cUS-Saudi Arabia seal weapons deal worth nearly $110 billion immediately, $350 billion over 10 years\u201d, CNBC, https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2017\/05\/20\/us-saudi-arabia-seal-weapons-deal-worth-nearly-110-billion-as-trump-begins-visit.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> The Editorial Board (2022) “Putin\u2019s Ukraine Slaughterhouse\u201d, Wall Street Journal, https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/vladimir-putins-ukraine-slaughterhouse-russia-volodymyr-zelensky-11645830840?mod=hp_opin_pos_1; The Editorial Board (2022) “Mr. Putin Launches a Sequel to the Cold War\u201d, NY Times, nytimes.com\/2022\/02\/24\/opinion\/putin-biden-ukraine-russia.html; Miller, C. (2022) \u201cWhy Is Putin at War Again? Because He Keeps Winning.\u201d, NY Times, https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/02\/25\/opinion\/putin-war-russia-military.html?referringSource=articleShare<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> Chotiner, I. (2022) \u201cWhy John Mearsheimer Blames the U.S. for the Crisis in Ukraine\u201d, New Yorker, https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/news\/q-and-a\/why-john-mearsheimer-blames-the-us-for-the-crisis-in-ukraine<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Wells, B. W. (2022) \u201cThe New Doves on Ukraine\u201d, New Yorker, https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/news\/annals-of-inquiry\/the-new-doves-on-ukraine\/amp<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> Wells, a.g.e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> Entous, A. (2020) \u201cWhat Fiona Hill Learned in the White House\u201d, New Yorker, https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2020\/06\/29\/what-fiona-hill-learned-in-the-white-house?intcid=inline_amp<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> Wells, a.g.e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> Agiesta, J.; A. E. Levy (2022) \u201cCNN poll: Most Americans want US to do more to stop Russia, but most also oppose direct military action\u201d, CNN, https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2022\/02\/28\/politics\/cnn-poll-russia-ukraine-us-aid\/index.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> Cave, D. (2022) \u201cThe War in Ukraine Holds a Warning for the World Order\u201d, New York Times, https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/03\/04\/world\/ukraine-russia-war-authoritarianism.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> The Editorial Board (2022) \u201cVladimir Putin\u2019s Gift to NATO\u201d, Wall Street Journal, https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/vladimir-putins-gift-to-nato-sweden-finland-ukraine-russia-11649969570?mod=hp_opin_pos_4#cxrecs_s<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> Brzezinski, Z. (1994) \u201cThe Premature Partnership\u201d, Foregin Affairs, https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/articles\/russian-federation\/1994-03-01\/premature-partnership<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> Masters, J. (2022) \u201cUkraine: Conflict at the Crossroads of Europe and Russia\u201d, Council On Foreign Relations, https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/ukraine-conflict-crossroads-europe-and-russia?fbclid=IwAR05SIIb6D67a7vlboI4Esbg1DRXDqRgoDYF2reoaBfuJslplvrav_EQRzc#chapter-title-0-7<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ekim K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Ukrayna\u2019y\u0131 i\u015fgalinin ard\u0131ndan ABD ve AB, askeri ve diplomatik etkinli\u011fini artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi Rusya\u2019y\u0131 ekonomik olarak s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli yapt\u0131r\u0131m kararlar\u0131 ald\u0131. NATO, Do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019daki askeri ve Avrupa\u2019daki ekonomik varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve siyasal etkisini art\u0131rd\u0131. Bununla birlikte Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n NATO \u00fcyeli\u011fi fiilen rafa kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu. Rusya a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ise evdeki hesap \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131ya uymad\u0131. Ukrayna\u2019daki askeri ve siyasal hedeflerini k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiremedi.[1] […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1559,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[525,376,383,305],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1558","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-56-sayi-yaz-2022","category-dunya","category-emperyalizm-ve-savas-dosyasi","category-ekim-kilic"],"yoast_head":"\nUkrayna i\u015fgali ve ABD d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2022\/08\/02\/ukrayna-isgali-ve-abd-dis-politikasi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"en_EN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ukrayna i\u015fgali ve ABD d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ekim K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Ukrayna\u2019y\u0131 i\u015fgalinin ard\u0131ndan ABD ve AB, askeri ve diplomatik etkinli\u011fini artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi Rusya\u2019y\u0131 ekonomik olarak s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli yapt\u0131r\u0131m kararlar\u0131 ald\u0131. NATO, Do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019daki askeri ve Avrupa\u2019daki ekonomik varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve siyasal etkisini art\u0131rd\u0131. Bununla birlikte Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n NATO \u00fcyeli\u011fi fiilen rafa kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu. Rusya a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ise evdeki hesap \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131ya uymad\u0131. 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NATO, Do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019daki askeri ve Avrupa\u2019daki ekonomik varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve siyasal etkisini art\u0131rd\u0131. Bununla birlikte Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n NATO \u00fcyeli\u011fi fiilen rafa kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu. Rusya a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ise evdeki hesap \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131ya uymad\u0131. 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