{"id":1272,"date":"2020-07-04T00:50:13","date_gmt":"2020-07-03T21:50:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/?p=1272"},"modified":"2023-01-18T10:26:43","modified_gmt":"2023-01-18T07:26:43","slug":"abd-eylemlerinin-nedenleri-karakteri-ve-olasi-sonuclari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2020\/07\/04\/abd-eylemlerinin-nedenleri-karakteri-ve-olasi-sonuclari\/","title":{"rendered":"ABD eylemlerinin nedenleri, karakteri ve olas\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

Ekim K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bu yaz\u0131 yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, 25 May\u0131s\u2019ta George Floyd (46) adl\u0131 siyah Amerikan vatanda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Minneapolis polis te\u015fkilat\u0131 memuru Derek Chauvin ve beraberindeki \u00fc\u00e7 polisin dolays\u0131z yard\u0131m\u0131 ve g\u00f6zetiminde katledilmesinden sonra ba\u015flayan halk eylemlili\u011fi birinci ay\u0131n\u0131 tamamlam\u0131\u015f olacak. Bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda yeni bi\u00e7imler alarak g\u00fc\u00e7lenen halk m\u00fccadelesi k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde, on y\u0131llar boyunca ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeyen de\u011fi\u015fimi birka\u00e7 haftaya s\u0131\u011fd\u0131rmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. ABD halklar\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131k nefes alamad\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em> noktada patlayan eylemler genel bir polis \u015fiddetinden \u00f6te y\u0131llard\u0131r i\u015fsizli\u011fe, yoksullu\u011fa, evsizli\u011fe, toplumsal ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bozukluklar\u0131na, kitlesel hapsedilmeye ve hayat\u0131n sosyal, siyasal ve ekonomik her alan\u0131nda kurumsalla\u015fm\u0131\u015f \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa, bunun en a\u00e7\u0131k tezah\u00fcr\u00fc, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 polis \u015fiddetine, pandemi s\u00fcresince uygulanan beceriksiz ve bir o kadar umursamaz h\u00fck\u00fcmet politikalar\u0131na, \u201cvazge\u00e7ilmez<\/em>\u201d emek\u00e7iler denilen insanlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u00f6l\u00fcme terk eden burjuva ikiy\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ve di\u011fer b\u00fct\u00fcn bask\u0131 bi\u00e7imlerine kar\u015f\u0131 biriken \u00f6fkeyi yans\u0131t\u0131yor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Sokaklardaki halk eylemleri ilk g\u00fcn\u00fcnden itibaren kararl\u0131l\u0131kla devam etti. Eylemlerin ilk g\u00fcnlerinde soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan halk Minneapolis polis karakolunu ate\u015fe vermi\u015f, ulusal \u00e7apta karakollar hedef se\u00e7ilmi\u015f, Georgia eyaletinin Atlanta kentinde liberal medya kanal\u0131 CNN International\u2019\u0131n binas\u0131n\u0131 ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Washington DC\u2019de Beyaz Saray\u2019\u0131 merkezde tutarak kendinden olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hangi bina varsa yakmaya te\u015febb\u00fcs etmi\u015f, b\u00f6ylece ABD federal ve eyalet g\u00fc\u00e7leri ve kolluk kuvvetleriyle s\u0131k s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelmi\u015ftir. Halklar protestolara y\u00f6nelik artan polis \u015fiddetine, yasaklara ve tehditlere ra\u011fmen sokaklardan \u00e7ekilmemi\u015ftir.<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

B\u00f6ylelikle de iktidar g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin eylemlerin orant\u0131s\u0131z \u015fiddet uygulanarak bast\u0131r\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flay\u0131p geri ad\u0131m att\u0131rd\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan, siyahlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki ezilen ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen di\u011fer kesimler de kendi \u00f6zel taleplerini ifade ederek siyahlarla \u00f6zel dayan\u0131\u015fma eylemlilikleri d\u00fczenleme olana\u011f\u0131 buldu. Halk eylemlilikleri her an\u0131nda karde\u015fle\u015fme zeminini geni\u015fletti. Bu durumun, hali haz\u0131rda temelleri zay\u0131flayan ABD dinamik anayasal demokrasisinin i\u00e7inde daha b\u00fcy\u00fck yar\u0131lmalara sebep olabilece\u011fi ve \u00f6te yandan kitlesel ve yayg\u0131n bir emek\u00e7i halk partisinin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek abart\u0131 olmaz.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

EYLEMLER\u0130N SEBEPLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

George Floyd\u2019un polislerce katledilmesinin ard\u0131ndan ba\u015flayan ABD halk eylemleri ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l Fransa\u2019da sar\u0131 yelekliler hareketi olarak ba\u015flayan ve Sudan, \u015eili ve Ekvador gibi ileri \u00f6rnekler \u00e7\u0131kararak d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131lan halk eylemliliklerinin ve ayaklanmalar\u0131n\u0131n bir devam\u0131d\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle esas itkisi sosyo-ekonomiktir. 2008 krizi sonras\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ABD\u2019deki \u2018i\u015fgal et\u2019 eylemlerinden de daha sonu\u00e7 al\u0131c\u0131 kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa sahip olmas\u0131yla farkl\u0131 ve geli\u015fkindir.<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Pandemi ile birlikte i\u015fsiz say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 40 milyonu a\u015fmas\u0131, yard\u0131m paketlerinin emek\u00e7ilerin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layamamas\u0131, kiralar\u0131n iptal edilmemesi ve halk\u0131n b\u00f6ylelikle ev sahipleriyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmas\u0131, evsizlerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n evsiz kamplar\u0131nda tif\u00fcs gibi Orta\u00e7a\u011f hastal\u0131klar\u0131na rastlanacak kadar artmas\u0131, ruh ve sinir hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ve sa\u011fl\u0131k sisteminin bu tip hastal\u0131klara yetmemesi, kay\u0131ts\u0131z kalmas\u0131, kitlesel hapsedilmelerin \u00f6zellikle siyahlar ve di\u011fer az\u0131nl\u0131klarda yo\u011fun olmas\u0131 halk\u0131 sokaklara d\u00f6ken sebepler olmu\u015ftur.[1]<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ancak bu k\u0131sa s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bir birikim de\u011fildir. Bernie Sanders\u2019a yap\u0131lan karalama kampanyas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi siyasal temsiliyetlerin her f\u0131rsatta bast\u0131r\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, 2001\u2019deki 11 Eyl\u00fcl sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak 2003 Irak Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na oradan 2008 krizine kadar derinle\u015fen sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla gen\u00e7 ku\u015faklar\u0131 hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na u\u011fratan geli\u015fmeler ve g\u00fcvencesizlik, orta gelirli kesimlerin bile art\u0131k ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 ekonomik olarak eskisi gibi s\u00fcrd\u00fcremez hale gelmesi, son 30 y\u0131ld\u0131r neredeyse hi\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fmeyen i\u015f\u00e7i \u00fccretleri, sendikal hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlerdeki k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar vb. daha \u00f6teden beri gelen sosyo-ekonomik nedenler bu birikimi ta\u015fma noktas\u0131na getirmi\u015ftir.[2]<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Eylemlerin patlamas\u0131na sebep olan \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 polis \u015fiddeti ise asl\u0131nda ABD politik-ekonomik sistemini siyasal ve toplumsal anlamda g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir hale getiren bir tablonun i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131r. Burada ABD\u2019de \u00f6zellikle ilerici kamuoyunda bir \u2018turnusol\u2019 ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131 i\u015flevi g\u00f6ren en temel tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 vurgulamakta yarar var: \u201cIrk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 halklar\u0131n e\u015fit hak m\u00fccadelesi belirli bir sol, sosyalist veya kom\u00fcnist \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn politikalar\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar merkezine oturuyor<\/em>\u201d ve \u201c\u2018Irk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k kapitalizme i\u00e7kin\u2019 ele al\u0131n\u0131yor mu<\/em>?\u201d Bu tart\u0131\u015fma \u00f6ylesine eskiye gider ve \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r ki 1930\u2019lara gelindi\u011finde Komintern ve ABDKP ile y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen tart\u0131\u015fmalarda ABD\u2019deki siyahlar\u0131n \u2018\u00f6zerk bir b\u00f6lge\u2019 talebinin oldu\u011fu g\u00fcndeme al\u0131n\u0131r. \u00d6zerk b\u00f6lge talebinin 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131ndaki ko\u015fullarda ne kadar do\u011fru bir talep olup olmamas\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir konudur. Ama bu Kom\u00fcnist Parti i\u00e7inde siyahlar\u0131n yer edinmesi konusunda \u00e7ekici bir rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1930\u2019lardaki ABDKP kongresinde ABD g\u00fcneyinde \u2018siyah kemer\u2019 olarak tan\u0131mlanan ve birka\u00e7 eyaleti kapsayan bir b\u00f6lgenin \u00f6zerkli\u011fi talebi programa al\u0131n\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bir iftira sonucu bir grup siyah gencin idamla yarg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 Scottsboro O\u011flanlar\u0131 davas\u0131nda gen\u00e7leri ABDKP\u2019nin avukatlar\u0131n\u0131n savunmas\u0131n\u0131n sonucu da KP\u2019nin siyah k\u0131r emek\u00e7ileri aras\u0131nda h\u0131zla \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. 1970\u2019lere gelindi\u011finde sivil haklar m\u00fccadelesi ve 68 hareketinin etkisiyle kamusal alanlardaki siyah ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yasal olarak kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak Lyndon Johnson sivil haklar reformlar\u0131yla bu ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve siyah temsiliyetinin kabul edilmesinin diyeti siyahlar\u0131n \u201cAmerika\u2019n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki sava\u015flara<\/em>\u201d dahil edilmeleriyle, Nixon\u2019\u0131n siyah sermayeyi te\u015fvik edip siyah devrimcileri ve bar\u0131\u015f aktivistlerini uyu\u015fturucuya kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f ad\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki operasyonlarda ortadan kald\u0131rmas\u0131yla \u00f6denir. Bununla birlikte siyahlara ve kahverengi halklara uygulanan bask\u0131 ekonomik ve sosyal ili\u015fkiler ile kurumsal hayatta varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr.[3]<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

ABDKP\u2019nin \u201csiyah \u00f6zerklik<\/em>\u201d tezinin kurucusu Harry Haywood, Siyah Bol\u015fevik<\/em> adl\u0131 biyografisinde d\u00f6nemin Kom\u00fcnist Enternasyonel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Zinovyev\u2019in bir sohbette \u201csiyah sorununun<\/em>\u201d \u201cAmerikan emperyalizminin A\u015fil topu\u011fu<\/em>\u201d oldu\u011fu tespitini aktarmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc eylemlere yol a\u00e7an durum; polislerin insani de\u011ferleri ve insan hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 umursamaz davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve ABD siyasal sisteminin siyahlar\u0131n ya\u015fam taleplerine kar\u015f\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 1970\u2019lerde sivil haklar kazan\u0131m\u0131yla yenilenen \u201cAmerikan toplumsal s\u00f6zle\u015fme<\/em>\u201dsinin temellerinin ilk f\u0131rsatta alt \u00fcst edilmek \u00fczere zay\u0131f temeller \u00fczerinde in\u015fa edildi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Siyah halk burjuvazinin ABD\u2019li emek\u00e7ilere bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak boyun e\u011fdirmeden \u00f6nce ele ge\u00e7irmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk mevzide durmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

2008 krizinde toplumsal refah seviyesindeki gerilemeyle birlikte liberal demokrasinin zaten zay\u0131f ve \u00e7arp\u0131k olan temelleri g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kmaya ve daha da y\u0131pranmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu anlam\u0131yla siyahlar\u0131n her f\u0131rsatta dile getirdi\u011fi kurumsal \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k<\/em> daha da te\u015fvik edildi. ABD\u2019de politik-ekonomik sistemin s\u00fcreklili\u011finin ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan biri olan siyah-beyaz b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k zeminini geni\u015fletti.<\/a>[4]<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

EYLEMLER\u0130N KARAKTER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

26 May\u0131s haftas\u0131nda Minnesota eyaletinin Minneapolis kentinde ba\u015flayan eylemler karakol yakmalarla \u015fiddetlendi. Ancak Floyd\u2019un katillerinin hakim kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 karakol yakma eylemlerinin yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc kesip yerini mahkemelerin ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet binalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki protestolara b\u0131rakt\u0131. G\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 orant\u0131s\u0131z \u015fiddete, eyaletlerin uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kma yasaklar\u0131na, bir\u00e7ok eyalette ulusal muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131n soka\u011fa inmesine ve Trump h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin tehditlerine ra\u011fmen halk sokaklar\u0131 terk etmedi. Bunun sonucunda soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kma yasaklar\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin \u015fiddeti ulusal anlamda durdu. Eyalet ve federal \u00e7apta irili ufakl\u0131 polis reformlar\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirildi veya en az\u0131ndan s\u00f6zler verildi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Seattle\u2019daki Capitol Hill b\u00f6lgesindeki eylemci halk bir polis karakolunu ele ge\u00e7irerek\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Orada bir \u2018\u00f6zerk b\u00f6lge\u2019 ilan etti. B\u015fta eylemciler taraf\u0131ndan Capitol Hill \u00d6zerk B\u00f6lgesi<\/em> (CHAZ) olarak tan\u0131mlanan b\u00f6lge daha sonra Capitol Hill \u0130\u015fgal Protestosu<\/em> (CHOP) olarak tan\u0131mland\u0131. Eylemcilerin ana talebi polise ayr\u0131lan pay\u0131n azalt\u0131larak b\u00fct\u00e7enin emek\u00e7i halk\u0131n ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesine ayr\u0131lmas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Halk\u0131n kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na bir ba\u015fka \u00f6rnek ise 12 Haziran Cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc Rayshard Brooks adl\u0131 bir siyah Amerikal\u0131n\u0131n Atlanta\u2019da polis taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesinden sonra halk\u0131n cinayetin i\u015flendi\u011fi otopark\u0131n yan\u0131ndaki fast-food restoran\u0131n\u0131 yakmas\u0131 oldu. Atlanta polis \u015fefi istifa etti. Polis Garrett Rolfe a\u011f\u0131r cinayet dahil 11 su\u00e7tan su\u00e7lu bulundu. Bu anlam\u0131yla sistematik \u015fiddete kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6fke patlamas\u0131 yeni norm oldu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Genel halk eylemlili\u011finin \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fck seviyesinin ise hemen 2008 sonras\u0131 d\u00fcnya halk hareketlerinden g\u00f6rece daha olgun olmas\u0131d\u0131r. 2008\u2019den beri farkl\u0131 eylemlilik deneyimleri biriktiren halklar\u0131n b\u00fcnyesinde tecr\u00fcbeli bir ku\u015fak olu\u015ftu. Eylemler ilk haftalardan itibaren derli toplu, polis provokasyonlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda temkinlilik korunarak s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Halk\u0131n pandemiyle ilgili ve uzun soluklu y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerine ba\u011fl\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u00fczere a\u011flar olu\u015fturuldu. Genel halk eylemlili\u011fi ulusal \u00f6nderlikten yoksun olsa da kendi par\u00e7alar\u0131 i\u00e7inde az \u00e7ok \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc davranmaya gayret ediyor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Liberal medya taraf\u0131ndan \u00fczerinde yaygara kopart\u0131lan eylemcilerin, d\u00fckkanlar\u0131 yak\u0131p y\u0131kma ve ma\u011faza ya\u011fmalama eylemleri genellikle polis sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131ndan ve tacizlerinden sonra ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Buna ra\u011fmen eylemcilerin hedef se\u00e7tikleri binalar genellikle l\u00fcks ma\u011fazalar ve bankalar oldu. Bu anlamda zenginlerin temsiliyetinin v\u00fccut buldu\u011fu yerlere sald\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 ve bunun da eylemlerin sosyo-ekonomik d\u0131\u015favurumu oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek yanl\u0131\u015f olmaz. Hedef se\u00e7ilen di\u011fer yerlerin\u00a0\u00a0 mahkemeler, ba\u015fkentteki binalar, l\u00fcks ma\u011fazalar, bankalar ve bir bir indirilen k\u00f6lelik yanl\u0131s\u0131 g\u00fcney konfederasyonu liderleri ile s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilerin heykelleri olmas\u0131 eylemlerin gerici-\u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 vesayete ve zengin elitlere kar\u015f\u0131 olan niteli\u011fini yans\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Eylemler kimi medyan\u0131n g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi sadece Trump kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 olmakla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir ufka da sahip de\u011fildir. Eylemlerin daha en ba\u015f\u0131nda liberal CNN International merkezinin ku\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131, \u015fiddetli polis sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi yerlerin demokratlar\u0131n hakim oldu\u011fu eyaletler olmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015f protestolar\u0131n ister istemez buralarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulursa iddia kendili\u011finden bo\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fer. <\/a>Amerikan Emek Federasyonu ve End\u00fcstriyel \u00d6rg\u00fctler Kongresi\u2019nin (AFL-CIO) merkez ofisinin yak\u0131lmas\u0131 eylemcilerin niye bir sendika binas\u0131n\u0131 hedef se\u00e7ti\u011finin sorgulanmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiriyor. Irk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ve polis \u015fiddetine kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele eden eylemciler biber gaz\u0131 ve coplamalara kar\u015f\u0131 sendika binalar\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmak istediklerinde sendikalar kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kendilerine kapatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

En ba\u015ftan beri polis te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n la\u011fvedilmesi, halk denetimi alt\u0131na girmesi ve polis b\u00fct\u00e7esinin kesilmesi gibi konularda tart\u0131\u015fmalar olsa da s\u00fcrecin geldi\u011fi noktada \u201cpolisin b\u00fct\u00e7esinin kesilip sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa, e\u011fitime ve genel olarak sosyal programlara<\/em>\u201d yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 talebi genel e\u011filim olarak belirdi. Bu anlam\u0131yla y\u0131llard\u0131r \u2018\u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019 bir niyet veya bireysel psikoloji ile a\u00e7\u0131klayarak onu tarihsel ve sosyo-ekonomik temellerinden yal\u0131tan post-modern teoriler halk eylemleriyle birlikte \u015fiddetli bir ele\u015ftiriden ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f oldu.<\/a> \u201cPolis b\u00fct\u00e7esini kesin, e\u011fitime, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa ve evsizlere aktar\u0131n<\/em>\u201d, \u201cPolisten, ordudan ve hapishanelerden al\u0131n, e\u011fitime, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa ve sosyal servislere yat\u0131r\u0131n<\/em>\u201d gibi d\u00f6vizler eylemlerde dikkat \u00e7ekti.\u00a0 \u0130ktidar\u0131n en \u00f6nemli g\u00fcvenlik kurumunun tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. Ayr\u0131ca bu ba\u011flamda halk\u0131n sadece e\u011fitime ve sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa bir b\u00fct\u00e7e talep etmekle yetinmeyerek bu b\u00fct\u00e7enin polise ayr\u0131lan paydan kesilerek verilmesini istemesi de kitlelerin yapt\u0131r\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinci g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

ABD\u2019nin ekonomik ve politik sistemi \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131-ayr\u0131mc\u0131 bir perspektifle d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. D\u00fczenin kurumlar\u0131 siyahlarla birlikte g\u00f6\u00e7menleri d\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi bu kesimler aras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeler ve hiyerar\u015filer yaratarak onlar\u0131 y\u00f6netilebilir, m\u00fcdahale edilebilir ve birle\u015femez halde tutar. Beyaz emek\u00e7iler de ezilir ama onlara k\u0131smen a\u00e7\u0131k olan i\u015f, e\u011fitim, sa\u011fl\u0131k imkanlar\u0131 ikinci s\u0131nf yurtta\u015f olarak kabul edilenlere sa\u011flanmaz.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Siyahlar\u0131n siyasi birikimi bu eylemlerde de \u201c\u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele kendisine kapitalizmi hedef se\u00e7medik\u00e7e eksik kal\u0131r<\/em>\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc hat\u0131rlayacak kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr. Kara Panterler Partisi\u2019nin Huey Newyon ve Bobby Seale gibi devrimci liderlerine, Harry Haywood\u2019a, Martin Luther King\u2019e ve Malcolm X\u2019e kadar siyah kom\u00fcnist ve ulusal devrimcileri aras\u0131nda \u0131rksal e\u015fitsizli\u011fin kapitalizmle ili\u015fkisini kuran \u00e7ok say\u0131da siyasi fig\u00fcr \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. ABD\u2019nin her y\u0131l Ocak ay\u0131nda kutlanan \u201csiyah tarihi<\/em>\u201d ay\u0131nda, baz\u0131 siyah liderler adeta ehlile\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir bi\u00e7imde sunuluyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ABD\u2019deki egemen liberal yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck korkular\u0131ndan birisi \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ile kapitalizm aras\u0131nda kurulan bu ili\u015fkidir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bu hareketin ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7eken g\u00fc\u00e7, s\u00f6z\u00fc ge\u00e7en fig\u00fcrleri tarih i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u0131karan siyah hareketinin sembollerine at\u0131fta bulunan gen\u00e7lik y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131d\u0131r. Kom\u00fcnist, sosyalist, anar\u015fist, radikal, liberal ve sosyal adalet yanl\u0131s\u0131 partiler, \u00f6rg\u00fctler, aktivist a\u011flar\u0131 ve eylemlerle beraber ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan k\u00fcmelenmeler toplay\u0131c\u0131 olmay\u0131 \u00fcstleniyor. Bu anlam\u0131yla eylemlerin merkezinde sadece Black Lives Matter (Siyah Ya\u015famlar De\u011ferlidir) a\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil, bir\u00e7ok kesim bulunuyor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bu durum asl\u0131nda eylemlerin olduk\u00e7a karma\u015f\u0131k bir yap\u0131ya sahip oldu\u011funu da g\u00f6steriyor. Slogan att\u0131ranlar\u0131n genellikle ezilen halklardan gen\u00e7 kad\u0131nlar ve eylemin lojistik ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layanlar\u0131n gen\u00e7 beyaz kad\u0131nlardan olmas\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Eylemlerin ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u201cZ ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u201d diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan gen\u00e7ler \u00e7ekiyor. 2020 ABD halk eylemlili\u011fi gen\u00e7li\u011fin de kendi r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcn\u00fc ispatlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 oldu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Eylemlere kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n bile\u015fimi \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n sadece bir siyah meselesi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda yayg\u0131n bir bilin\u00e7 oldu\u011funu da g\u00f6stermektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin 13 Haziran Cumartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc Asya Amerikal\u0131 bir gen\u00e7lik k\u00fcmelenmesi Floyd\u2019un katillerinden birisinin Asya-Amerikal\u0131 polis memuru Tou Thao olmas\u0131ndan kaynakl\u0131 olarak bir anda on binleri bulu\u015fturan bir eylem \u00f6rg\u00fctledi. Ard\u0131ndan 14 Haziran Pazar g\u00fcn\u00fc Brooklyn\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen, polis kaynaklar\u0131na g\u00f6re, 15 bin ki\u015finin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Siyah Trans Ya\u015famlar De\u011ferlidir<\/em> mitingi tarihin en b\u00fcy\u00fck Siyah Trans taleplerini merkeze alan eylem oldu. Bu \u00f6zellikleriyle s\u00fcre\u00e7 milliyetlerin ve cinsel y\u00f6nelimlerin kendi aralar\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a h\u0131zl\u0131 geni\u015fleyen karde\u015fle\u015fmesine zemin de yaratt\u0131.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bununla beraber halklar aras\u0131nda \u00f6nceden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f gerilimler eylemlerde de varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi. Kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 bu eylemlerde yer almad\u0131lar. Hispanik topluluklar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da siyahlarla gerilimlerinden dolay\u0131 eylemlerde sessiz kald\u0131. \u00d6te yandan eylemlerdeki beyaz gen\u00e7ler eylemlerin kitlesel \u00f6znesi olan siyahlar\u0131n karar alma mekanizmalara m\u00fcdahale etmemeye \u00f6zen g\u00f6steriyor, ancak bu durum yer yer kendilerini d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan destek veren (\u2018beyaz m\u00fcttefik\u2019) konumunda g\u00f6rmelerine neden oluyor.[5]<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Eylemlerde yer alan gen\u00e7ler iki b\u00fcy\u00fck sermaye partisi taraf\u0131ndan temsil edilemeyen, orta s\u0131n\u0131f \u2018kurtulu\u015f hayalleri\u2019 ile b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ama bu hayalleri bo\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015f, al\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fc giderek gerileyen bir ku\u015fakt\u0131r. Alanlarda i\u015f\u00e7iler de yer ald\u0131. Ancak sendikalar\u0131n ve i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin kurumsal kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131ndan pek s\u00f6z edilemez. Sendika konfederasyonlar\u0131na, polis sendikalar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcnyelerinden atma \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131, bunlar\u0131n sendika y\u00f6netimleri taraf\u0131ndan yan\u0131ts\u0131z b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 ile, sendikalar\u0131n kendi tabanlar\u0131n\u0131 eylemlere sevk etmemeleri i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin durumunu yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan 19 Haziran K\u00f6leli\u011fin Kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde (Juneteenth) t\u00fcm bat\u0131 yakas\u0131ndaki 29 limanda ILWU liman i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin 8 saatlik greve gitmesi, UAW otomobil i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin 8 dakika 46 saniyelik dayan\u0131\u015fma ama\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015f b\u0131rakmalar\u0131 ve 1 Haziran\u2019dan 19 Haziran\u2019a kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre\u00e7te eylemlerle ilintilenen fiili grevler de dahil 500\u2019den fazla grevin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi eylemlerin i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 da etkiledi\u011fini g\u00f6sterir.[6]<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

OLASI SONU\u00c7LAR<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

ABD\u2019de \u00f6zellikle 2008 krizinden beri artan ve derinle\u015fen sosyal, siyasal ve ekonomik sorunlar pandeminin toplumdaki fay hatlar\u0131n\u0131 derinle\u015ftirmesiyle beraber iyice katlan\u0131lamaz hale geldi. Ya\u015fam standartlar\u0131nda gerileme, orta halli kesimlerin eski stat\u00fclerinden gerilemesi, \u201cAmerikan r\u00fcyas\u0131<\/em>\u201dn\u0131n art\u0131k ad\u0131n\u0131n bile an\u0131lamayacak hale gelmesi, y\u0131llard\u0131r enflasyona oranla neredeyse hi\u00e7 artmayan \u00fccretler eylem \u00f6ncesinin k\u0131yamet alametleriydi.[7]<\/a> Pandemi bu s\u0131n\u0131fsal u\u00e7urumun \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc kald\u0131rd\u0131. Irk\u00e7\u0131 polis cinayetlerine bir kurban daha verilmesinin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6fke de barda\u011f\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ancak bunlara ABD siyasal iktidar\u0131 etraf\u0131ndaki geli\u015fmeleri de eklemek gerekir. 2016 ba\u015fkanl\u0131k se\u00e7imlerine Rus m\u00fcdahalesinin oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7iler, emek\u00e7iler, g\u00f6\u00e7menler, kad\u0131nlar ve LGBT\u0130+ bireyler gibi toplumsal kesimleri ilgilendiren sorunlar ba\u011flam\u0131nda Trump h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ile geni\u015f halk kesimleri aras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan kutupla\u015fma da etkenlere dahildir. Hatta yine son y\u0131llarda kriz gerek\u00e7esiyle yerel bas\u0131n-yay\u0131n organlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00e7elerinin k\u0131s\u0131lmas\u0131, gazetelerin tek tek kapanmas\u0131 da bir tepki kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.[8]<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Yerel bas\u0131n\u0131n zay\u0131flamas\u0131 Trump ve yanda\u015flar\u0131 \u2018sahte haberler\u2019 ve \u2018alternatif ger\u00e7ekler\u2019 s\u00f6ylemiyle dezenformasyon yayarken demokrasinin temel ta\u015flar\u0131ndan biri olan \u2018siyasal hesap verebilirli\u011fin\u2019 zay\u0131flamas\u0131 anlam\u0131na da gelmektedir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Son olarak; genel halk eylemlerinin enerjisi ve kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ABD\u2019nin siyasi sistemine ili\u015fkin sorgulamay\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131. Irk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n di\u011fer sorunlarla birlikte ortak bir k\u00f6keninin oldu\u011fu, e\u015fitsizli\u011fin kapitalizmle ili\u015fkisi biraz daha g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr oldu. Yeni ku\u015faklarda alternatif bir sistem aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n belirdi\u011fi bu zamanlarda i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7iler de \u00e7e\u015fitli sekt\u00f6rlerdeki grevleriyle toplumsal aray\u0131\u015f i\u00e7indeki kesimlere eklendiler. Kad\u0131nlar da kendi ya\u015famsal talepleri konusunda demokrat ikiy\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne defalarca \u015fahit oldular.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bu i\u015faretler ABD halk\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015famak zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 huzursuzlu\u011fun durmaks\u0131z\u0131n yeni m\u00fccadeleleri mayalamakta oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. \u015eimdilik bu hareketlerin siyasal temsiline aday olan Bernie Sanders\u2019in tehditlere maruz kalarak yenilmesine ra\u011fmen varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kendisini demokratik sosyalist olarak tan\u0131mlayan Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez\u2019in ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n siyasal sistem i\u00e7indeki \u00e7atlaklar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine de tekab\u00fcl etmesi bu siyasal aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n g\u00f6stergelerinden di\u011ferleridir. Amerikan halk siyaseti kendi temsiliyet imkan\u0131n\u0131 ar\u0131yor. D\u00fcnyada yak\u0131n zamanda birbiri pe\u015fi s\u0131ra ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan halk hareketlerinden de manevi destek alan halk kendi gelece\u011fini kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n

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[1]<\/a> Casselman, B., P. Cohen, and K. Conger. (2020) \u201cU.S. Jobless Claims Pass 40 Million: Live Business Updates.” The New York Times<\/em>. https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/05\/28\/business\/unemployment-stock-market-coronavirus.html<\/a>. (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 23.06.2020); Donnan, S., and C. Saraiva. (2020) \u201cUnemployment Due to Coronavirus: A Third of Payments Not Paid Out.” Bloomberg.com. https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2020-06-02\/one-third-of-america-s-record-unemployment-payout-hasn-t-arrived?fbclid=IwAR0ES5edBiPBNFKbY4fh5tV7ahV9_fGRRJNghAk-IkxViX4ppMt8le610QQ<\/a>. (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 23.06.2020); G\u00fcnl\u00fck Evrensel. (2019) \u201dABD’de Yoksulluk ‘Orta \u00c7a\u011f Hastal\u0131klar\u0131’n\u0131 Hortlatt\u0131.\u201d Evrensel.net. https:\/\/www.evrensel.net\/haber\/375905\/abdde-yoksulluk-orta-cag-hastaliklarini-hortlatti<\/a>. (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 23.06.2020); “ABD Sa\u011fl\u0131k Sistemi Ve Covid-19 Tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131.” (2020) Teori ve Eylem Dergisi. https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2020\/05\/abd-saglik-sistemi-ve-covid-19-tartismalari\/<\/a>. (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 23.06.2020)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[2]<\/a> DeSilver, D. (2018) \u201cFor Most Americans, Real Wages Have Barely Budged for Decades.” Pew Research Center. https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2018\/08\/07\/for-most-us-workers-real-wages-have-barely-budged-for-decades\/<\/a>. (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 23.06.2020); Polakovic, G. (2020) How does coronavirus affect young people\u2019s psyches? https:\/\/news.usc.edu\/167275\/how-does-coronavirus-affect-young-people-psyches\/ (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 23.06.2020)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[3]<\/a> G\u00fcnl\u00fck Evrensel. (2016) \u201cSiyah Ve Latin \u00fcniversitelilerle Konu\u015ftuk: ABD’de \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k Kurumsalla\u015fm\u0131\u015f Durumda.” Evrensel.net. https:\/\/www.evrensel.net\/haber\/271720\/siyah-ve-latin-universitelilerle-konustuk-abdde-irkcilik-kurumsallasmis-durumda. (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 23.06.2020); Haywood, H. (1978) Black Bolshevik: Autobiography of an Afro-American Communist. Chicago, IL: Liberator Press; Kindig, J. (2019) \u201cScottsboro Boys Trial and Defense Campaign (1931\u20131937)” https:\/\/www.blackpast.org\/african-american-history\/scottsboro-boys-trial-and-defense-campaign-1931-1937\/. (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 23.06.2020)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[4]<\/a> Haywood, H. (1978) Black Bolshevik: Autobiography of an Afro-American Communist. Chicago, IL: Liberator Press. Sf.134.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[5]<\/a> Bunun alt\u0131nda post-modern ifadelerden \u00f6te siyahlar\u0131n beyazlarla beraber y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fckleri m\u00fccadele ge\u00e7mi\u015flerinde baz\u0131 ilerici beyazlar\u0131n \u2018iyi niyetli\u2019 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n siyah m\u00fccadelesine zarar vermesi de yer al\u0131yor. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc eylemlerden \u00f6rnekleyecek olursak belli yerellerdeki eylemlerde baz\u0131 anar\u015fist gruplar\u0131n polisi k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmas\u0131 siyahlar taraf\u0131ndan \u2018beyaz anar\u015fist \u00e7ocuklar\u2019 diye bir sitem ifadesi olarak kullan\u0131labiliyor. Birdal, S. (2020) “Veba Zaman\u0131nda K\u00f6lelik, Ka\u00e7akl\u0131k Ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck.” Gazete Duvar. https:\/\/www.gazeteduvar.com.tr\/yazarlar\/2020\/06\/04\/veba-zamaninda-kolelik-kacaklik-ve-ozgurluk\/. (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 23.06.2020)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[6]<\/a> Elk, M. (2020) “Over 500 Strikes in Last 3 Weeks as BLM Strikes Surge on Juneteenth.” Payday Report. https:\/\/paydayreport.com\/over-500-strikes-in-last-3-weeks-as-blm-surges-strike-wave-to-unprecedented-levels\/?fbclid=IwAR16QCGWRubzs6Jtj2ID1YRdCo6zxAB8WwvTVTJ9ndvdIx4ZaYd8m6EXUzM (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 23.06.2020)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[7]<\/a> DeSilver, D. (2018) “For Most Americans, Real Wages Have Barely Budged for Decades.” Pew Research Center. https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2018\/08\/07\/for-most-us-workers-real-wages-have-barely-budged-for-decades\/. (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 23.06.2020)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[8]<\/a> Hendrickson, C. (2019) “Local Journalism in Crisis: Why America Must Revive Its Local Newsrooms.” Brookings. https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/local-journalism-in-crisis-why-america-must-revive-its-local-newsrooms\/. (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 23.06.2020); Gabbatt, A. (2020) “US Newspapers Face ‘extinction-level’ Crisis as Covid-19 Hits Hard.” The Guardian. https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/media\/2020\/apr\/09\/coronavirus-us-newspapers-impact. (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 23.06.2020)<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ekim K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Bu yaz\u0131 yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, 25 May\u0131s\u2019ta George Floyd (46) adl\u0131 siyah Amerikan vatanda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Minneapolis polis te\u015fkilat\u0131 memuru Derek Chauvin ve beraberindeki \u00fc\u00e7 polisin dolays\u0131z yard\u0131m\u0131 ve g\u00f6zetiminde katledilmesinden sonra ba\u015flayan halk eylemlili\u011fi birinci ay\u0131n\u0131 tamamlam\u0131\u015f olacak. Bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda yeni bi\u00e7imler alarak g\u00fc\u00e7lenen halk m\u00fccadelesi k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde, on y\u0131llar boyunca ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeyen de\u011fi\u015fimi birka\u00e7 haftaya s\u0131\u011fd\u0131rmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. ABD halklar\u0131n\u0131n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1273,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[513,376,305],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1272","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-44-sayi-temmuz-2020","category-dunya","category-ekim-kilic"],"yoast_head":"\nABD eylemlerinin nedenleri, karakteri ve olas\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2020\/07\/04\/abd-eylemlerinin-nedenleri-karakteri-ve-olasi-sonuclari\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"en_EN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ABD eylemlerinin nedenleri, karakteri ve olas\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ekim K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Bu yaz\u0131 yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, 25 May\u0131s\u2019ta George Floyd (46) adl\u0131 siyah Amerikan vatanda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Minneapolis polis te\u015fkilat\u0131 memuru Derek Chauvin ve beraberindeki \u00fc\u00e7 polisin dolays\u0131z yard\u0131m\u0131 ve g\u00f6zetiminde katledilmesinden sonra ba\u015flayan halk eylemlili\u011fi birinci ay\u0131n\u0131 tamamlam\u0131\u015f olacak. 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Teori ve Eylem","og_description":"Ekim K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Bu yaz\u0131 yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, 25 May\u0131s\u2019ta George Floyd (46) adl\u0131 siyah Amerikan vatanda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Minneapolis polis te\u015fkilat\u0131 memuru Derek Chauvin ve beraberindeki \u00fc\u00e7 polisin dolays\u0131z yard\u0131m\u0131 ve g\u00f6zetiminde katledilmesinden sonra ba\u015flayan halk eylemlili\u011fi birinci ay\u0131n\u0131 tamamlam\u0131\u015f olacak. Bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda yeni bi\u00e7imler alarak g\u00fc\u00e7lenen halk m\u00fccadelesi k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde, on y\u0131llar boyunca ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeyen de\u011fi\u015fimi birka\u00e7 haftaya s\u0131\u011fd\u0131rmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. ABD halklar\u0131n\u0131n […]","og_url":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2020\/07\/04\/abd-eylemlerinin-nedenleri-karakteri-ve-olasi-sonuclari\/","og_site_name":"Teori ve Eylem","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/teoriveeylem\/","article_published_time":"2020-07-03T21:50:13+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-01-18T07:26:43+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2560,"height":1416,"url":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/6-scaled.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@teoriveeylem","twitter_site":"@teoriveeylem","twitter_misc":{"Yazan:":false,"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi":"16 dakika"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2020\/07\/04\/abd-eylemlerinin-nedenleri-karakteri-ve-olasi-sonuclari\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2020\/07\/04\/abd-eylemlerinin-nedenleri-karakteri-ve-olasi-sonuclari\/"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/413054853585ad4d138f2f331dfd177c"},"headline":"ABD eylemlerinin nedenleri, karakteri ve olas\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131","datePublished":"2020-07-03T21:50:13+00:00","dateModified":"2023-01-18T07:26:43+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2020\/07\/04\/abd-eylemlerinin-nedenleri-karakteri-ve-olasi-sonuclari\/"},"wordCount":3723,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2020\/07\/04\/abd-eylemlerinin-nedenleri-karakteri-ve-olasi-sonuclari\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/6-scaled.jpg","articleSection":["44. 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