{"id":1221,"date":"2020-05-02T15:59:17","date_gmt":"2020-05-02T12:59:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/?p=1221"},"modified":"2023-01-16T14:17:16","modified_gmt":"2023-01-16T11:17:16","slug":"covid-19-salgini-ve-yeni-bir-dunyaya-dogru-tartismasi-uzerine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2020\/05\/02\/covid-19-salgini-ve-yeni-bir-dunyaya-dogru-tartismasi-uzerine\/","title":{"rendered":"Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 ve \u201cyeni bir d\u00fcnyaya do\u011fru\u201d tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fczerine"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Yusuf Akda\u011f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beyni d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki organlar\u0131 fel\u00e7 durumunda olan, ancak uzay fizi\u011fi ve evrenin olu\u015fumu \u00fczerine geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi g\u00f6ren \u0130ngiliz bilim insan\u0131 Stephan Hawking, 2016\u2019da BBC\u2019ye bir a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ve insan ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6kta\u015f\u0131 \u00e7arpmas\u0131, kozmik olaylar, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, geneti\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f vir\u00fcsler, n\u00fckleer sava\u015flar vb. gibi nedenlerle b\u00fcy\u00fck tehdit alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funu belirterek insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u201cyok olmamak i\u00e7in uzayda ba\u015fka gezegenlerde ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131 yaratmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi<\/em>\u201dnden s\u00f6z etmi\u015fti. Zeki robotlar\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f formlar\u0131n\u0131n insandan daha \u00fcst\u00fcn yeteneklerle donat\u0131labilece\u011fine de dikkat \u00e7eken Hawking\u2019e g\u00f6re, yapay zek\u00e2, \u201ctam olarak geli\u015fmesi<\/em>\u201d durumunda, yukar\u0131da i\u015faret edilen di\u011fer etkenler gibi \u201cinsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sonunu getirebilir<\/em>\u201ddi!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAc\u0131 ve korku duymayan bir android<\/em>\u201d de\u011fil sadece, duygulu robot yarat\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 devam eder ve \u201chizmet robotu<\/em>\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bi\u00e7imleriyle kimi s\u00fcper zenginlerle g\u00f6steri\u015f budalas\u0131 ki\u015filerin evlerine dek girerken, ortaya \u201cs\u0131n\u0131r, g\u00fc\u00e7, dogma, din engeli tan\u0131maz<\/em>\u201d bir vir\u00fcs \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Hawking\u2019in varsay\u0131msal iddias\u0131 bu denli u\u00e7uk olmasa da, vir\u00fcs\u00fcn bula\u015fma \u00f6zelli\u011fi olduk\u00e7a g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, yay\u0131lma h\u0131z\u0131 ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc denilecek t\u00fcrdendi.<\/em>[1]<\/a> \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn uluslararas\u0131 yayg\u0131nl\u0131kta g\u00f6r\u00fclmesiyle birlikte sadece bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131 de\u011fil burjuva devlet y\u00f6netimleri de harekete ge\u00e7mek zorunda kald\u0131. S\u0131n\u0131rlar kapat\u0131ld\u0131, ticaret ve ula\u015f\u0131mda s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar ba\u015flad\u0131, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckleri ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere y\u00fcz binlerce i\u015fyeri kapand\u0131. Soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f tehlikeli ilan edildi, \u201cevde kal<\/em>\u201d komutu d\u00f6nemin parolas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. <\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bilim insanlar\u0131nca Korona-Covid-19 ad\u0131 verilen, ancak geli\u015fmi\u015f mikroskoplarla g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen vir\u00fcs\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yay\u0131lma g\u00fcc\u00fcyle \u00fcst solunum yoluyla insan bedeninin merkezi istasyonlar\u0131na h\u00fccum ederek nefessiz b\u0131rak\u0131p \u00f6ld\u00fcrmesi, akci\u011ferleri zarar vererek kendi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye y\u00f6nelmesi, toplumsal ili\u015fkilerin ve \u00fcretimin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere toplumsal ya\u015fama dair hemen her sorunu, farkl\u0131 insan k\u00fcmeleri, gruplar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imlerde  yeniden tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r hale getirdi ya da bu y\u00f6nl\u00fc e\u011filimleri g\u00fc\u00e7lendirici i\u015flev g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Yak\u0131n gelecekte \u201cnelerin ya\u015fanaca\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u201d sorusu sadece \u00f6lmek-ya\u015famak ba\u011flam\u0131n\u0131n bireysel kayg\u0131 sorunu \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de\u011fil, \u2018sistemik\u2019 veya sistemsel olan ne varsa hemen hepsini kapsamak \u00fczere, yeniden g\u00fcndeme geldi\/getirildi? \u0130nsan-do\u011fa; bilim-dogma; toplum-devlet ili\u015fkileri bu an\u0131msama ve tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n en \u00f6nemli konular\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdu. Egemen s\u00f6yleme bak\u0131l\u0131rsa bu, insanl\u0131k tarihinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck krizlerinden biriydi. Haliyle de y\u0131k\u0131ma ve yeniden in\u015faya -hatta var olmaya- dair yeni ili\u015fki bi\u00e7imleriyle yeni politikalar gereksinmekteydi!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burjuva devlet y\u00f6neticileri istisnas\u0131z t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerde, \u201cinsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n<\/em>\u201d bir b\u00fcy\u00fck bilinmez d\u00fc\u015fman kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyerek kitleleri y\u00f6netim politikalar\u0131na uymaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. Kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya olunan \u2018vahim durum\u2019dan s\u00f6z ederken Trump, \u201cD\u00fcnya gizli bir d\u00fc\u015fmanla sava\u015f halinde<\/em>\u201d; Macron \u201csava\u015ftay\u0131z, pani\u011fe kap\u0131lmay\u0131n, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olal\u0131m<\/em>\u201d diyordu. Vir\u00fcs\u00fcn yay\u0131lma h\u0131z\u0131 ve \u00f6ld\u00fcrme g\u00fcc\u00fc[2]<\/a>; \u00fclke-millet tan\u0131maks\u0131z\u0131n bula\u015fma olana\u011f\u0131 buldu\u011fu her yer ve iklimde aktif sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7mesi, ya\u015f fark\u0131yla ba\u011fl\u0131 etkinlik derecesindeki dezavantaj\u0131n\u0131 giderecek \u201cbir ak\u0131ll\u0131l\u0131k<\/em>\u201dla giderek her ya\u015ftan insan\u0131 pen\u00e7esine almaya y\u00f6nelmesi, kar\u015f\u0131 savunu \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n \u201cbir sava\u015f hali<\/em>\u201d olarak nitelenmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yordu. Herhangi askeri sava\u015f\u0131n yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 muhtemel \u00f6l\u00fcmlerden farkl\u0131 olarak herkesi i\u015fyerinde, fabrikada, b\u00fcroda, sokakta, meydanlarda veya yolda sinsi ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez bir sald\u0131r\u0131 tehdidiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya b\u0131rakan vir\u00fcs, \u201csava\u015f<\/em>\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131n askeri alandan sa\u011fl\u0131k ve hayatta kalma alan\u0131na \u00e7ekilmesine olanak sa\u011fl\u0131yor. \u201cSava\u015f<\/em>\u201d s\u0131ras\u0131nda t\u00fcm kapitalist \u00fclkelerin y\u00f6netimlerinin halk kitlelerini kendileriyle i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7inde olmaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmalar\u0131 ise \u2018vakay\u0131 adiye\u2019dendir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelinen tehlikenin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, s\u00f6yleme bak\u0131l\u0131rsa \u201cinsan ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ncelikli sorun haline getirmi\u015fti<\/em>\u201d ve \u00e7ok say\u0131daki sosyolog, iktisat\u00e7\u0131 ve siyaset bilimcinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra burjuva devlet y\u00f6neticilerine g\u00f6re de art\u0131k en \u00f6nemli sorumluluk \u201cb\u00fct\u00fcn di\u011fer sorunlar\u0131 geriye atarak elbirli\u011fiyle bu musibet\u2019in \u00fcstesinden gelmek<\/em>\u201dti! Art\u0131k \u201chi\u00e7bir \u015feyin eskisi gibi olmas\u0131 beklenemez<\/em>\u201ddi!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu son c\u00fcmlecik, toplumsal ya\u015fama, do\u011fa-toplum ili\u015fkilerine, bilim-dogma z\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, sanayile\u015fme-n\u00fcfus \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131 ve kaynaklar sorununa dek hemen her \u015feyin \u201ceskisi gibi olmayacak<\/em>\u201d yeni bi\u00e7im ve tarz\u0131n\u0131n yeniden tarifi ve tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n bir t\u00fcr parolas\u0131 oldu ya da o hale getirildi. Kimileri \u201ckriz sonras\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fim<\/em>\u201di sistem i\u00e7i liberal reformlar \u00fczerinden tarifleyerek, baz\u0131 ba\u015fkalar\u0131 sistemin bu bi\u00e7imde devam edemeyece\u011fi varsay\u0131mlar\u0131yla, kimileri bilim ve teknolojideki ilerlemelerin tehlikesine ve yine ba\u015fkalar\u0131 bu geli\u015fmenin burjuvaziye sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 olanaklar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmseyici bir cahil cesaretiyle \u201ceskisi gibi olmayacak<\/em>\u201d olan\u0131 tan\u0131mlamaya giri\u015fti. Kimi siyaset bilimci, sosyolog ve iktisat\u00e7\u0131lar, kapitalist uluslararas\u0131 sistemde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan durumun \u201ci\u00e7e kapanma<\/em>\u201dya ve fa\u015fizan politikalar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesine yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylerken; baz\u0131 di\u011ferleri de yine uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6zellik g\u00f6sterecek \u015fekilde \u201ckamucu, sosyal reformcu<\/em>\u201d devlet\u00e7ilik d\u00f6nemine ge\u00e7ilece\u011fini ya da zaten bunun bir zorunluluk olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Malthus\u00e7uluk ve Darwin\u2019in evrim ve \u201cvar olma sava\u015f\u0131<\/em>\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri yeniden tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Spek\u00fclatif ve rivayet olanlar\u0131 bir yana b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, toplum ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n ve toplumsal ili\u015fkilerin gelece\u011fine dair ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclenlerin genel karakteristik \u00f6zelli\u011fi karamsarl\u0131ktan mal\u00fbl olmalar\u0131yd\u0131.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koronavir\u00fcs salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cyeni uluslararas\u0131 durum<\/em>\u201d ve ili\u015fkilerden hareketle bug\u00fcne ve gelece\u011fe dair belirlemeler kapsam\u0131nda g\u00fcndeme getirilen bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ya da varsay\u0131mlar\u0131n -ki bunlar bir hayli \u00e7e\u015fitlilik g\u00f6steriyor- \u00fczerinde durulmaya az \u00e7ok de\u011fer olanlar\u0131ndan ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131n\u0131; a) d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u201c\u015fimdiye dek g\u00f6r\u00fclenlerden daha kapsaml\u0131 bir ekonomik bunal\u0131ma s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmekte oldu\u011fu<\/em>\u201d; b) \u201cK\u00fcreselle\u015fmenin sona erdi\u011fi<\/em>\u201d ya da erece\u011fi; c) Covid19 nedeniyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelinen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn dersleriyle burjuvazinin yeni bir Keynesyen ekonomi politikaya y\u00f6nelerek sosyal reform uygulamalar\u0131na ge\u00e7ece\u011fi; d-) ekonomik sorunlar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fmas\u0131yla da ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak yeni bir fa\u015fizm tehlikesinin uluslararas\u0131 alanda artaca\u011f\u0131 ve otoriter devlet\u00e7ili\u011fin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131 \u015feklinde \u00f6zetlemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Bu varsay\u0131msal belirlemelerin mevcut durum ve geli\u015fmelerle ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da g\u00f6rece\u011fiz. Bununla birlikte yine bu vir\u00fcs ve yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 salg\u0131n hastal\u0131k ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 \u201cola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc d\u00fcnya durumu<\/em>\u201dnun yeniden kan\u0131tlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilimsel bulgular bulunuyor ki bunlar\u0131 da, dogmalara kar\u015f\u0131 bilimin ve materyalist d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fcc\u00fc ve kazan\u0131m\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda ifade etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu konu ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131na biraz daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak bakal\u0131m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. \u2018K\u00dcRESEL K\u00d6Y\u2019\u00dcN SONU MU?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koronavir\u00fcs salg\u0131n\u0131, bu salg\u0131n\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131 yay\u0131lmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda al\u0131nan \u00f6nlemler kapsam\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n ula\u015f\u0131ma kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 ya da s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k tutulmas\u0131, her bir \u00fclke y\u00f6netimlerinin deyi\u015f yerinde ise \u201ckendi i\u00e7 sorunlar\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fclmesi<\/em>\u201d vb. geli\u015fmeleri \u201ck\u00fcreselle\u015fmenin sonu ve devlet s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na geri \u00e7ekili\u015f<\/em>\u201d olarak g\u00f6steren bir s\u00f6yleme de yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cK\u00fcreselle\u015fme<\/em>\u201d kavram\u0131, \u201culusal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u201d, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelerin \u201ckar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak birbirlerine ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 hale geldikleri<\/em>\u201d yeni bir d\u00fcnya durumunu tan\u0131mlamak \u00fczere pop\u00fcler kullan\u0131ma s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u201ck\u00fcresel k\u00f6ye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/em>\u201dn\u00fc s\u00f6yleyenlerin kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f olgusal ger\u00e7eklik olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmesini istedikleri, kapitalizmin herkes i\u00e7in refah\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren \u00e7eli\u015fkisiz bir sistem oldu\u011fuydu. S\u0131n\u0131rlar kalkm\u0131\u015f; serbest dola\u015f\u0131m, sermaye ve \u00fcretimin uluslararas\u0131 hareketiyle ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f; ulusal devletler i\u015flevsizle\u015fmi\u015f, burjuvazinin rahat\u0131n\u0131 bozup me\u015fgul olmas\u0131na gerek kalmayacak \u015fekilde b\u00fcrokrat ve teknokratlar\u0131n y\u00f6nettikleri toplumlar\u0131n bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir yeni d\u00fcnya d\u00fczenine ge\u00e7ilmi\u015fti! Mali sermaye ve tekellerin s\u0131n\u0131r tan\u0131maz etkinli\u011fi bu iddiay\u0131 do\u011frular gibiydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cK\u00fcresel k\u00f6ye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/em>\u201d ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen d\u00fcnyada as\u0131l belirleyici de art\u0131k piyasalar<\/em> olacakt\u0131. Sermaye devletleriyle kapitalist piyasa aras\u0131ndaki kopmaz-kopar\u0131lamaz ili\u015fkinin \u00f6rt\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu varsay\u0131ma g\u00f6re, serbest piyasa ekonomisi \u00f6n\u00fcndeki devlet engeli ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015f; refah ve hatta adil payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fc bile a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcretim ve i\u015fin; sermaye ve emek hareketinin uluslararas\u0131 boyutlu geli\u015fmesi ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi ku\u015fku g\u00f6t\u00fcrmez bir durumdu. Marx ve Engels daha 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n son \u00e7eyre\u011fine girilirken buna i\u015faret etmi\u015fler; Hilferding ve Lenin de, tek tek \u00fclkeler ekonomisinin emperyalist ekonomi zincirine ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda ortaya koymu\u015flard\u0131. \u201cK\u00fcreselle\u015fme<\/em>\u201d tan\u0131m\u0131 ve belirlemesi bu bak\u0131mdan uluslararas\u0131la\u015fmay\u0131 i\u015faret etti\u011fi oranda ancak bu geli\u015fmenin daha ileri bir d\u00fczeyinden bahisle bir anlam kazanabilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ne var ki, \u201ck\u00fcreselle\u015fme<\/em>\u201d ve \u201ck\u00fcresel k\u00f6y<\/em>\u201d tan\u0131ml\u0131 teori ve politika \u201cbar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l ve \u00e7eli\u015fkisiz kapitalizm<\/em>\u201d iddia ve anlat\u0131s\u0131yla 1989\u2019a dek ya\u015fanan sorunlar\u0131, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ve sava\u015flar\u0131, silahlanma ve yoksullu\u011fu \u201csosyalizmin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u201dyla ili\u015fkilendirip a\u00e7\u0131klamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak revizyonist SSCB y\u00f6netiminin politikalar\u0131 \u00fczerinden kan\u0131tlamaya y\u00f6nelirken, emperyalist sald\u0131rganl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kapitalist gericili\u011fin her tekil \u00fclkedeki bask\u0131 politikalar\u0131n\u0131 \u201ckom\u00fcnizm tehlikesinin bertaraf edilmesi<\/em>\u201d ile gerek\u00e7elendirirken, salt manip\u00fclatif ve dayanaks\u0131zd\u0131. Bu s\u00f6ylem ve tespitler kapitalist uluslararas\u0131la\u015fmay\u0131 veri almakla birlikte, ondan daha \u00e7ok ve as\u0131l olarak Sovyetler Birli\u011fi ve \u2018Do\u011fu Bloku\u2019nun da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 dayanak ediniyorlard\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck uluslararas\u0131 sansasyonel g\u00f6sterilerle duvarlar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Amerikanc\u0131 h\u00fcrriyet g\u00fcne\u015finin t\u00fcm insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fczerine boca olaca\u011f\u0131 ilan edildi. O zamandan bug\u00fcne otuz y\u0131lda ya\u015fanan ise cehennemi vah\u015fet oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cK\u00fcresel kapitalist k\u00f6y<\/em>\u201d\u00fc bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131, refah getiricili\u011fi, ulusall\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve ulus devletlerin tarihe kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine varsay\u0131mlarla g\u00fczelleyen s\u00f6ylem hemen her \u00fclkede i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilere kar\u015f\u0131 neoliberal sald\u0131r\u0131larla ve uluslararas\u0131 alanda pazar ve etki alanlar\u0131 \u00fczerine rekabet ve yer yer askeri i\u015fgal ve sava\u015flarla yalanland\u0131. Uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerde gerginlikler artt\u0131; Ortado\u011fu\u2019da, Ma\u011frip b\u00f6lgesi ve Latin Amerika\u2019da askeri bi\u00e7imleriyle de zenginle\u015ftirilmi\u015f emperyalist m\u00fcdahaleler devam ediyor. Emperyalist askeri sald\u0131r\u0131 ve m\u00fcdahalelerin dolays\u0131zca nedenledi\u011fi g\u00f6\u00e7ler artt\u0131. Milyonlarca insan topraklar\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lmak zorundu kald\u0131. Sava\u015f sanayi en faal sekt\u00f6r olmaya devam ediyor. Silahlanmaya trilyonlarca dolar para harcand\u0131. Rekabet ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma unsurlar\u0131 uzaya ta\u015f\u0131nmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kapitalist y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n ve bu askeri politik ve ekonomik \u2018strateji\u2019nin beklenen ve beklenmeyen felaketlere yol a\u00e7mas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biri de, uluslararas\u0131 yay\u0131lma \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6steren ve \u00f6ld\u00fcrme g\u00fc\u00e7 ve h\u0131z\u0131 y\u00fcksek koronavir\u00fcs ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 hastal\u0131k oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eimdi, daha \u00f6nce, \u201cs\u0131n\u0131r a\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/em>\u201dn\u0131 \u201cburjuva devletlerinin tarihe kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/em>\u201dna delil g\u00f6sterenlerin saflar\u0131ndan yeni bir \u2018lak\u0131rd\u0131\u2018 y\u00fckseliyor: Bu kez yaz\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanan hikayede, \u201ck\u00fcreselle\u015fmenin son bulaca\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u201d, \u201ck\u00fcresel k\u00f6y<\/em>\u201dden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck mezralara d\u00f6n\u00fclece\u011fi; her bir \u00fclke ve devletin i\u00e7e kapanarak kendi sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131 rivayet ediliyor. Gerek\u00e7e olarak g\u00f6sterilen yeni geli\u015fme, koronavir\u00fcs ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 al\u0131nan \u00f6nlemler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde devletler ve kentler aras\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 ya da s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k tutulmas\u0131, ula\u015f\u0131m ve ticaretin s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Buna, ABD-\u00c7in \u201cticaret sava\u015flar\u0131<\/em>\u201d, Trump\u2019\u0131n AB\u2019nin b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7leriyle \u00c7in\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 politikalar\u0131, AB \u00fcyesi \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda Covid-19 a\u00e7maz\u0131 nedeniyle ya\u015fanan sorunlar, Almanya ve Hollanda\u2019n\u0131n, \u0130talya ve \u0130spanya\u2019da ya\u015fanan felaket kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki umursamaz \u00e7\u0131karc\u0131 politikalar\u0131, baz\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck tekellerin yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00c7in, \u0130talya gibi salg\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da b\u00fcy\u00fck etkiye sahip oldu\u011fu \u00fclkelerden ba\u015fka \u00fclkelere kayd\u0131rma giri\u015fimleri, Trump\u2019\u0131n \u00c7in y\u00f6netimini su\u00e7lamas\u0131, D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcne mali katk\u0131y\u0131 kesece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemesi, maske-tulum-eldiven h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n devletler d\u00fczeyinde yap\u0131l\u0131yor olmas\u0131 vb. gibi, ili\u015fkileri gerginle\u015ftirici yeni unsurlar\u0131n eklenmesi ekleniyor.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ama bu yeni hik\u00e2ye eskisinden de beter derecede banald\u0131r: Bu hik\u00e2yeyi yazmaya koyulanlar, k\u00e2r i\u00e7in pazar aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ve rekabetin ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazl\u0131kla ortaya \u00e7\u0131karaca\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmekte; politika ekonomi ili\u015fkilerini politik kararlar y\u00f6n\u00fcnde indirgemektedirler. Mali sermayenin egemenli\u011fi ko\u015fullar\u0131nda, devlet y\u00f6neticilerinin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve alaca\u011f\u0131 kararlar oysa, her \u015feyden \u00f6nce o \u00fclke k\u00f6kenli tekel, kartel ve tr\u00f6stlerin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131yla ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r ve bu da, \u201ck\u00fcreselle\u015fme<\/em>\u201dnin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir siyasal karar mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n tutumuyla ba\u015flat\u0131l\u0131p sona erdirilebilir salt iradi bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 ya da geli\u015fmeye indirgenemezli\u011fini g\u00f6sterir. Bu bir yana, burjuva devlet y\u00f6netimlerinin, mevcut uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkileri sonsuzca s\u0131n\u0131rlayacak ya da sona ermesini sa\u011flayacak t\u00fcrden \u201ci\u00e7e kapanmac\u0131<\/em>\u201d kararlar\u0131 da s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. Ne \u0130spanyol gribi, ne \u201ckara veba<\/em>\u201d, ne de b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fcnya sava\u015flar\u0131 kapitalist uluslararas\u0131la\u015fmay\u0131 engellemedi. Ge\u00e7ici s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olsa dahi bunun devaml\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. \u00c7eli\u015fkisiz, bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l k\u00fcresel sistem masal\u0131 gibi bu \u201ci\u00e7e kapan\u0131k k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u00f6ye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f<\/em>\u201d hikayeleri de ger\u00e7eklerden t\u00fcm\u00fcyle kopuktur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cK\u00fcreselle\u015fme<\/em>\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanan uluslararas\u0131la\u015fma, kapitalist uluslararas\u0131 sistem \u015fimdi pratik olarak ya\u015fanmakta oldu\u011fu \u00fczere ekonomik ve di\u011fer sorunlar\u0131n nedenledi\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 geli\u015fmelerin uluslararas\u0131 alanda etkili olmas\u0131n\u0131n nesnel zemini olmaya devam ediyor. Olas\u0131 bir ekonomik bunal\u0131m\u0131n etkileri de bundand\u0131r ki uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7ekte olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. KORONAV\u0130R\u00dcS, EKONOM\u0130DE DARALMA VE KR\u0130Z OLASILI\u011eI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n daha etkin hale geldi\u011fi belirtilen bir ekonomik kriz ko\u015fullar\u0131nda bulunuldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrenlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Covid-19\u2019un nedenledi\u011fi k\u0131s\u0131tlama, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ve dura\u011fanl\u0131kla ba\u011fl\u0131 bir b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomik krizin ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u015faret eden \u00e7ok say\u0131da iktisat\u00e7\u0131 ve yazar da bulunuyor. Kapitalizmi ve burjuvaziyi s\u00fcreklilik g\u00f6steren \u201ckesintisiz kriz<\/em>\u201d m\u00fcptelas\u0131 g\u00f6ren ve g\u00f6steren kaba materyalist yakla\u015f\u0131mlar bir yana b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rsa, burjuva devlet iktidarlar\u0131n\u0131n trilyonluk kaynaklar\u0131 sermaye \u015firketleri yarar\u0131na kullan\u0131ma sokmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, tekellere ba\u011fl\u0131 ve bat\u0131l\u0131 literat\u00fcrde \u2018k\u0131z-torun \u015firketler\u2019 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan ikinci-\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc dereceden ta\u015feron \u00fcretici firmalar dahil olmak \u00fczere k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve orta boy i\u015fletmelerin, ula\u015f\u0131m-konaklama ve turizm sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015fe s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmekte oldu\u011fu, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcretici firmalar\u0131n \u00fcretimlerinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe ge\u00e7ti\u011fi ko\u015fullarda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir uluslararas\u0131 ekonomik bunal\u0131ma do\u011fru evrilmesi olas\u0131l\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 de\u011fil, hatta, IMF y\u00f6netimince \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc belirtilen y\u00fczde 3 civar\u0131ndaki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclme durumunda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olas\u0131l\u0131k dahilindedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekonomide durgunluk belirtileri bu salg\u0131n \u00f6ncesinde de vard\u0131. Covid-19 sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6ncesinden ba\u015flayan s\u00fcre\u00e7te e\u011filim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oranl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcmede d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f y\u00f6n\u00fcndeydi. Koronavir\u00fcs salg\u0131n\u0131 dura\u011fanl\u0131k ve daralma e\u011filimine h\u0131z katt\u0131. G\u0131da, ila\u00e7, temizlik-hijyen maddeleri \u00fcretimindeki art\u0131\u015fa kar\u015f\u0131n, otomotiv, demir-\u00e7elik, yap\u0131-in\u015faat sekt\u00f6rlerinde \u00fcretimin ciddi oranda gerilemesi -bu arada birikmi\u015f fazlay\u0131 t\u00fcketim olana\u011f\u0131 bulsalar da- ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. Uluslararas\u0131 Finans Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (IIF), d\u00fcnya piyasalar\u0131nda i\u015flem g\u00f6ren \u015firketlerin borsa de\u011ferinin 2020 ilk \u00fc\u00e7 ay\u0131nda 18 trilyon dolardan daha fazla de\u011fer kaybetti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.[5]<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Covid-19\u2019un hemen ve en ba\u015fta vurdu\u011fu ve daha ilk iki-\u00fc\u00e7 ay i\u00e7inde on binlercesi kapanan turizm, konaklama ve e\u011flence sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede yeniden canlanmas\u0131, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve orta boy i\u015fletmelerin bu s\u00fcre\u00e7ten kay\u0131p vermeden \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Temel sanayi sekt\u00f6rlerindeki \u00fcretim gerilemesi, i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m\u0131 ya da zorunlu ve \u00fccretsiz izin uygulamalar\u0131yla birlikte y\u00fcz binlerce i\u015f\u00e7i i\u015fini kaybetti. ILO y\u00f6netimi d\u00fcnya i\u015fsiz say\u0131s\u0131na en iyimser tahminle 5 milyon, daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcnen olas\u0131l\u0131kla 25 milyon ki\u015finin daha eklenece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Bu, d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde kay\u0131tl\u0131 i\u015fsiz say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 195-215 milyona y\u00fckselmesi demektir. D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 yetkilileri, d\u00fcnya ekonomisinin 2019\u2019da y\u00fczde 2.9 olan ortalama b\u00fcy\u00fcme oran\u0131n\u0131n 2020\u2019de y\u00fczde 1.5\u2019a gerileyebilece\u011fini;[6]<\/a> IMF y\u00f6netimi d\u00fcnya ekonomisinde y\u00fczde 3 oran\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclme beklendi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. IMF Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Kristalina Georgieva, koronavir\u00fcs salg\u0131n\u0131 nedeniyle ekonominin s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmekte oldu\u011fu durumu 1929 b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomik bunal\u0131m\u0131yla k\u0131yaslayarak o zamandan bug\u00fcne g\u00f6r\u00fclen en b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn ya\u015fanmas\u0131 olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.[7]<\/a> H\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin ald\u0131klar\u0131 8 trilyon dolarl\u0131k \u201cekonomik te\u015fvik \u00f6nlemleri<\/em>\u201dnin yeterli olmayabilece\u011fine dikkat \u00e7eken Georgieva\u2019ya g\u00f6re bu durum en fazla \u201cgeli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkeler<\/em><\/strong>\u201di etkileyecektir. Ayn\u0131 \u00e7evrelere g\u00f6re 9 trilyon civar\u0131nda bir toplam kayb\u0131n ya\u015fanmas\u0131 beklenmektedir. <\/strong>On milyonlarca insan\u0131n i\u015fsiz, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da y\u00fcz milyonlarcas\u0131n\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layamaz duruma d\u00fc\u015fmesi, \u00fcretim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve ekonomik daralman\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir etkeni olacakt\u0131r. Vir\u00fcs\u00fcn ikinci-\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc dalga sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ve hastal\u0131k ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 sosyo-psikolojik barikatlar\u0131n daha uzun s\u00fcre i\u015flevli olma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, ula\u015f\u0131m, turizm ve ticaretin uluslararas\u0131 ve \u00fclkeler i\u00e7i eski t\u00fcrden devam\u0131n\u0131 engelleyici etkiye sahiptir. Burjuva y\u00f6netimlerin ilan ettikleri \u00f6nlem ve \u201ckurtarma<\/em>\u201d paketlerinin ne oranda iyile\u015ftirici i\u015flev g\u00f6rece\u011fi belirsizdir. Salg\u0131n \u00f6ncesindeki duruma k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede d\u00f6n\u00fclemez. Her bir \u00fclkenin bu geli\u015fmelerden etkilenme d\u00fczeyi sahip olduklar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 ve kaynaklarla ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterece\u011finden, harekete ge\u00e7irecekleri ara\u00e7 ve kaynaklara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00fcretim art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yeniden sa\u011flama s\u00fcre\u00e7leri de farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterecektir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu durum di\u011fer yandan daha sald\u0131rgan bir yeniden y\u00fckseli\u015fi \u00f6ngerektirir \u00f6zelliktedir. B\u00fcy\u00fcme oran\u0131n\u0131n ortalama olarak y\u00fczde 1,4 ila y\u00fczde 3 civar\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fece\u011fi, ekonomide en iyimser tahminlerle y\u00fczde 3 oran\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclme olaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki varsay\u0131mlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi durumunda, bunun nedenleyece\u011fi y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7larla ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bu durumdan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in \u015firketler ve \u00fclkeler baz\u0131nda rekabet daha fazla k\u0131z\u0131\u015facak ve sertle\u015fecek; bu da i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve emek\u00e7ilere kar\u015f\u0131 ekonomik-sosyal ve politik sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na; \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve ya\u015fam ko\u015fular\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7acakt\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketler, kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 (y\u0131\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f servetin bir k\u0131sm\u0131) k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede gidermek \u00fczere daha sald\u0131rgan bir \u00fcretim politikas\u0131na y\u00f6nelecek, daha a\u011f\u0131r \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 dayatacaklard\u0131r. Bu emek yo\u011fun \u00fcretim alanlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da ge\u00e7erli bir uygulama olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koronavir\u00fcs salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n uygulamada olan esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretli evde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma vb. gibi y\u00f6ntemlerde art\u0131\u015fa yol a\u00e7mas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Di\u011fer yandan, b\u00fcy\u00fcme oranlar\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ve ekonomik daralma, bu durumdan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinin uzat\u0131lmas\u0131, fazla mesaiye mecbur tutma, izin k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131 vb. gibi uygulamalar\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131na neden olabilecektir. Bu y\u00fcksek tempolu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma disiplinine siyasal bask\u0131 yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n-\u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerin ko\u015fullar\u0131na g\u00f6re farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermek \u00fczere-e\u015flik etmesi ise, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir olas\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r. Fordist ya da Taylorist \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemleri t\u00fcr\u00fcnden ancak onlardan daha ileri teknolojiye dayanan \u00fcretim teknik ve y\u00f6ntemlerine ge\u00e7i\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki varsay\u0131mlar ise, halihaz\u0131rda pratik kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ktan yoksundur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. BURJUVA SINIFSALLI\u011eININ \u00c7IPLAK HAL\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130leri teknoloji \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7e\u015fitli ara\u00e7lar\u0131n kullan\u0131m alan\u0131 geni\u015fler, ba\u015fta otomotiv ve kimya olmak \u00fczere baz\u0131 \u00fcretim alanlar\u0131nda robot kullan\u0131m\u0131 artar, uzaya istasyonlar kurup Mars\u2019a \u2018taksi u\u00e7ak yolculu\u011fu\u2019 projelendirilirken, geli\u015fkin mikroskoplarla ancak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir bir vir\u00fcs\u00fcn sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclen acziyet, kapitalist \u00fcretim sisteminde \u00f6ncelikleri <\/em>i\u015faret eden yeni bir geli\u015fme oldu. Salg\u0131n yay\u0131l\u0131rken en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, en zengin ve ileri teknoloji kullan\u0131m\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nde giden \u00fclkeler y\u00f6netimlerinin i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fckleri a\u00e7mazla birlikte, \u2018toplum sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019 gibi toplumsal \u00e7o\u011ful insan kitlelerinin ya\u015famsal gereksinimlerinin kapitalist k\u00e2r k\u0131stas\u0131yla ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131; 20-30 bin yo\u011fun bak\u0131m yata\u011f\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131na para ay\u0131rman\u0131n zarar say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k hale geldi. \u0130nsan\u0131 iyile\u015ftirme ve ya\u015fatma gibi zor bir meslek grubu olarak doktorlar\u0131n ve sa\u011fl\u0131k elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n eldeki ara\u00e7lar\u0131n yetersizli\u011fi nedenli olarak hastalar aras\u0131nda \u2018ent\u00fcbe edilmeye de\u011fer\u2019 ki\u015fi se\u00e7imine mecbur b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 bir \u00e7aresizlik durumu, televizyon ekranlar\u0131ndan, \u2018ilgisi artm\u0131\u015f seyirci\u2019nin bilgi da\u011farc\u0131\u011f\u0131na yans\u0131d\u0131. Koruyucu malzeme (maske, eldiven, hijyenik s\u0131v\u0131, kolonya vb.), tuvalet ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131 kavgas\u0131 bir yana, suni solunum cihaz\u0131 ve yo\u011fun bak\u0131m yata\u011f\u0131 yetersizli\u011fi, sokaklara ta\u015fan \u015fekilde hastane koridorlar\u0131nda oturma banklar\u0131na ve yerlere yat\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f halde tedavi edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan hasta g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri vahametin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya koydu. Kapitalist \u00fcretim sisteminde sermayenin insan i\u00e7in gerekli olan\u0131 de\u011fil daha \u00e7ok k\u00e2r getirecek olan\u0131 esas alarak yat\u0131r\u0131ma y\u00f6neldi\u011fi bir kez daha b\u00f6ylece a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k kazand\u0131. ABD, \u0130talya, \u0130spanya gibi \u00fclkelerde t\u0131bbi malzeme ve solunum cihaz\u0131 yetersizli\u011fi nedenli \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin art\u0131\u015f\u0131, askeri birliklerin cenaze ta\u015f\u0131mak \u00fczere devreye girmelerine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. \u0130spanya t\u0131bbi malzeme ve solunum cihaz\u0131 i\u00e7in NATO\u2019dan acil yard\u0131m talebinde bulundu. \u0130talyan y\u00f6neticiler, AB\u2019\u0131n (Avrupa Birli\u011fi) yard\u0131m etmemesini protesto ederek \u201cbirlik<\/em>\u201dten ayr\u0131lman\u0131n g\u00fcndeme gelebilece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131lar. Macron, Almanya ve Hollanda y\u00f6neticilerini \u201cAB\u2019yi tehlikeye atmak<\/em>\u201dla su\u00e7lad\u0131. AB\u2019nin her bir \u00fclkesi \u201ckendi derdine d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f<\/em>\u201dken, \u201cBiz Che\u2019nin, Castro\u2019nun evlatlar\u0131, devrimci doktorlar\u0131z<\/em>\u201d diyen K\u00fcbal\u0131 doktorlar grubu \u0130talya\u2019ya yard\u0131ma gitti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burjuva kapitalist sistemin (d\u00fcnyasal \u00f6l\u00e7ekte ve tekil \u00fclkelerde) bir vir\u00fcs salg\u0131n\u0131\/sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki bu a\u00e7mazlar\u0131 sadece haz\u0131rl\u0131ks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klanamaz. Burjuvazi her ne kadar, sistemini ayakta tutmak ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcketmemek i\u00e7in \u2018r\u0131za \u00fcretme ara\u00e7lar\u0131\u2019na ihtiya\u00e7 duysa da, \u00f6nceli\u011fi k\u00e2r\u0131n maksimize edilmesidir. \u0130la\u00e7 sanayi ve sa\u011fl\u0131k \u2018sekt\u00f6r\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn kapitalist burjuva toplumda, tekellerin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 \u00fczerinden \u015fekillendirilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 ile, insan\u0131n, emek g\u00fcc\u00fc dolay\u0131m\u0131yla nesnele\u015ftirilmesi aras\u0131nda kopar\u0131lamaz bir ba\u011f vard\u0131r. Baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczinelerce, di\u011fer baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n birka\u00e7 trilyon dolarl\u0131k varl\u0131klar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, ve her biri birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz-veya birka\u00e7 on milyon n\u00fcfusa sahip olduklar\u0131 halde, kapitalist \u00fclkelerin en ileride olanlar\u0131nda dahi yirmi-otuz bin solunum cihaz\u0131n\u0131n, yine bir o kadar a\u011f\u0131r bak\u0131m yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131, burjuvazinin \u2018hesaplanamayan ak\u0131ls\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sonucu olmay\u0131p k\u00e2r getirici yat\u0131r\u0131m \u00f6nceli\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Tekil kapitalistler i\u00e7in oldu\u011fu denli, b\u00fcy\u00fck kapitalist \u015firketler ve s\u0131n\u0131f olarak burjuvazi i\u00e7in de \u00f6nemli olan \u201cinsan<\/em>\u201d de\u011fil, sermaye art\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 nesne(ler)dir. Makine sahibi<\/em> i\u00e7in<\/em> makinenin ha\u015fmetli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fc, havaya zerrecikler savurmas\u0131, g\u00f6zleri k\u00f6r edebilecek etkinlikte \u0131\u015f\u0131k, bedenin di\u011fer par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 deforme edecek \u0131s\u0131 ve \u0131\u015f\u0131n yaymas\u0131, \u201cekme\u011finin pe\u015findeki i\u015f\u00e7i<\/em>\u201dnin katlanmas\u0131 gereken ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazl\u0131klard\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i bir \u00fccret almakta ve ya\u015famaya devam etmektedir. Bununla yetinmeli ve kendisi gibi i\u015f bulma \u2018\u015fans\u0131\u2019na sahip olmayanlar\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek mutlu olmal\u0131d\u0131r! \u0130nsan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve sosyal g\u00fcvenli\u011fin burjuva \u201c\u00f6nemsenmesi<\/em>\u201dnin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen de ayn\u0131 k\u0131staslard\u0131r. Kapitalistlerin bu alana ilgi duymad\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez. D\u00fcnya ila\u00e7 sanayinin y\u00fczde yetmi\u015fine yak\u0131n\u0131, ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131 Roche, Pfizer Inc, Johnson&Johnson, Bayer; Novartis vb. olan az say\u0131daki ila\u00e7-kimya tekellerinin elinde ya da denetimindedir. Sosyal sigorta sistemi ve hastaneler K\u00fcba gibi baz\u0131 istisnalar d\u0131\u015fta tutulursa, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n neredeyse t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerinde sermaye tekelleri yarar\u0131na \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Korona gibi yeni vir\u00fcs kaynakl\u0131 hastal\u0131klar g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde de bu tekeller birbirleriyle de rekabet i\u00e7inde farmakoloji ve genom bilimini de kullanarak yeni ila\u00e7 geli\u015ftirme ve piyasaya hakim olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. Ancak her durumda \u00f6ncelikleri, \u2018at\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015f\u2019in getirece\u011fi kazan\u00e7t\u0131r! Salg\u0131n hastal\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konan politikalar bu bak\u0131mdan g\u00f6sterge niteli\u011findedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koronavir\u00fcs salg\u0131n\u0131 nedeniyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan evrensel \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u2018toplumsal drama\u2019 tarihte ilk \u00f6rnek olmamakla birlikte kendi \u00f6zg\u00fcl\u00fcnde ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir yeni hal durumu olu\u015fumuna yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Burjuva devlet y\u00f6netimleri, bu durumu, \u201cg\u00f6r\u00fcnmez d\u00fc\u015fmana kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f<\/em>\u201d seferberli\u011fiyle kar\u015f\u0131lama ihtiyac\u0131na dikkat \u00e7eken a\u00e7\u0131klamalar e\u015fli\u011finde, salg\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fil ama vir\u00fcs\u00fcn kimlik sormaks\u0131z\u0131n sald\u0131rma \u00f6zelli\u011finin nedenledi\u011fi toplumsal duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 kapitalist \u00e7\u0131karlar y\u00f6n\u00fcnde i\u015flevli k\u0131lmak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131lar. Kitlelere \u201cvir\u00fcse kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f<\/em>\u201dta siper tutacaklar\u0131 mevzi olarak ev duvarlar\u0131 i\u015faret edildi. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerin kapitalist \u201cekonomik \u00e7ark\u0131n i\u015flemesi<\/em>\u201d i\u00e7in fabrikalar\u0131 doldurmalar\u0131nda ise bir sak\u0131nca g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi. Kitleleri disipline edip yedeklemenin ideolojik arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131 zenginle\u015ftirici i\u015fleve sahip sava\u015f ve \u201cmilli birlik<\/em>\u201d \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 ve s\u00f6ylemleri e\u015fli\u011finde ilan edilen trilyonluk ve y\u00fczlerce milyar dolarl\u0131k (ya da di\u011fer para birimleri) paketlerin y\u00fczde 80 ila 90\u2019l\u0131k k\u0131sm\u0131 kapitalist \u015firketlere pay edildi. 2007-2008 krizi patlad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yapt\u0131klar\u0131na benzer bi\u00e7imde, hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelerde sermaye \u015firketlerinin, i\u015fletmelerin, fabrika ve i\u015fyerlerinin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde koruyucu \u2018\u00f6nlemler paketi\u2019 a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131. Bu kapsamda olmak \u00fczere, ba\u015fl\u0131ca emperyalist-kapitalist \u00fclkelerde 6 trilyon dolar civar\u0131nda parasal kaynak seferber edildi. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise bu kaynak 100 milyar lira olarak belirlendi. Bunun 98 milyar liras\u0131 sermaye kesimine, 2 milyar liras\u0131 ise iktidar partisinin \u201cdo\u011fal taban\u0131<\/em>\u201d olarak listelenmi\u015f \u201chane<\/em>\u201dler ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere \u201chalk kesimi<\/em>\u201dne verilecekti![8]<\/a>   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kapitalist \u00fclkelerin y\u00f6neticileri taraf\u0131ndan Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla g\u00fcndeme getirilen ve hemen t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerde \u2018havu\u00e7-sopa\u2019 politikas\u0131yla uygulamaya konan bu iktisadi-sosyal ve politik kararlar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131fsal <\/em>karakteri, vir\u00fcs\u00fcn \u201czengin-yoksul fark\u0131 g\u00f6zetmemesi<\/em>\u201d, \u201cmillet, din, dil fark\u0131 dinlemeden herkese sald\u0131rmas\u0131<\/em>\u201d arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sis perdesi alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, n\u00fcfusun t\u00fcm kesimlerini ayn\u0131 derecede etkilemesi olanaks\u0131z bir hastal\u0131k dolay\u0131s\u0131yla olu\u015fan evrensel \u00f6l\u00e7ekli duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n, sermayenin toplumsal ya\u015fama hakimiyeti yarar\u0131na kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6ylece bir kez daha a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k kazand\u0131. Hastal\u0131k tehdidinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu toplumsal duyarl\u0131l\u0131k \u00fczerinden geli\u015ftirilen \u201csava\u015f\u0131 kazanmak i\u00e7in millet\u00e7e birlik olmal\u0131y\u0131z<\/em>\u201d s\u00f6ylemi a\u00e7\u0131k ki halk kitlelerinin \u00f6nemli bir kesimi taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6nemsendi ve dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131. Di\u011fer yandan ama, burjuva y\u00f6netimlerin insan ve insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ya\u015fam-\u00e7evre\/do\u011fa ko\u015fullar\u0131 sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u00e2r mekanizmas\u0131na ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fckleri; solunum cihaz\u0131, a\u011f\u0131r bak\u0131m yata\u011f\u0131, maske yetersizli\u011fiyle birlikte uygulanan ayr\u0131mc\u0131 politika ve kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelinen yoksunluklar, burjuva devlet ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet y\u00f6netimlerine g\u00fcvensizlik art\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 i\u015flev g\u00f6rd\u00fc.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Emek\u00e7ilerin kendi talep ve s\u0131n\u0131fsal kurtulu\u015flar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki m\u00fccadeleden geri kald\u0131klar\u0131 hemen her zaman, y\u00fcksek toplumsal duyarl\u0131l\u0131k nedeni olan geli\u015fmeler (sava\u015f, b\u00fcy\u00fck do\u011fa olaylar\u0131 vb. gibi) etraf\u0131nda yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f milliyet\u00e7i propagandan\u0131n, kitlelerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu iktidar partilerinin \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda y\u00f6nlendirme i\u015flevi g\u00f6rmesi pek\u00e2la m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir i\u015f\u00e7i ve sosyalist hareketin alternatif olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ko\u015fullarda, iktidardaki burjuva partisi ve militer b\u00fcrokratik ayg\u0131t, d\u00fc\u015fman g\u00f6sterilene kar\u015f\u0131 \u201cayr\u0131ms\u0131z birlik<\/em>\u201d s\u00f6ylemiyle\u201a \u2018sokaktaki insan\u2019\u0131, genellikle y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu sermaye politikalar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde tuza\u011fa \u00e7ekerek aldatabilmi\u015f ve kendilerinin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde m\u00fccadeleden al\u0131koyabilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Egemen s\u0131n\u0131f devlet iktidarlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u015fimdi kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya olunan ekonomik-sosyal sorunlar, kitlelerle ili\u015fkiler y\u00f6n\u00fcnden bir kez daha laboratuvar i\u015flevi g\u00f6recektir. Burjuvazi, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc t\u00fcrden sorunlar\u0131, \u201cy\u00fcz karal\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u201dn\u0131 gizleme manevralar\u0131 e\u015fli\u011finde halk kitlelerinin s\u0131rt\u0131na binerek \u00e7\u00f6zmek zorundad\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i emek\u00e7i hareketi ve m\u00fccadelesinin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc geri ve da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k d\u00fczeyinde devam\u0131 durumunda da, bu zor olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. YEN\u0130 KEYNESYEN EKONOM\u0130-POL\u0130T\u0130KA M\u00dcMK\u00dcN M\u00dc?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baz\u0131 liberal ekonomistlerle kimi reformist politikac\u0131lar, Covid-19 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131ktaki a\u00e7mazlardan hareketle \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nemde \u201cdaha kamucu bir sa\u011fl\u0131k politikas\u0131 izlenmesi<\/em>\u201d y\u00f6n\u00fcnde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir beklentinin zaten olu\u015ftu\u011fundan bahisle \u201cyeni bir Keynesyen ekonomi politika uygulamas\u0131<\/em>\u201dna ihtiya\u00e7 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemekle kalmad\u0131lar, 1929 bunal\u0131m\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ve \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu \u00fczere b\u00f6ylesi bir politikan\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerce uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131nda da bulundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu iddia ilkin, burjuva devletinin ekonomik i\u015fleyi\u015f ile ili\u015fkisini oldu\u011fundan farkl\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi ve ikinci olarak Keynesyen politikalar\u0131n g\u00fcndeme geldi\u011fi tarihsel ko\u015fullarla do\u011fru olmayan paralellikler kurdu\u011fu i\u00e7in ba\u015fl\u0131ca iki a\u00e7\u0131dan sorunludur. Sermaye devlet ili\u015fkilerini karartan birinci yakla\u015f\u0131m burjuva devletinin kapitalist \u00fcretim sisteminin koruyucu \u00e7\u0131kar aleti oldu\u011funu ve ekonomik ili\u015fkilere m\u00fcdahalesiz bir devletin s\u00f6z konusu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\/olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmekte ya da hatta bilerek gizlemektedir. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, devlet i\u015fletmelerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kapitalizm \u201cd\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/em>\u201d ya da kapitalist ili\u015fkilerden \u201cfarkl\u0131<\/em>\u201d g\u00f6rme gibi bir ekonomik-siyasal k\u00f6rl\u00fckle de mal\u00fbld\u00fcr. Oysa devlet hem ekonomik piyasan\u0131n-i\u015fb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n olu\u015fumu \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ve \u201cd\u00fczenleyici ayg\u0131t\u0131<\/em>\u201dd\u0131r, hem de anonim i\u015fletmecidir. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n di\u011fer sorunu, Keynes politikalar\u0131n\u0131n \u2018tarihsel ko\u015fullar\u0131\u2019n\u0131 eksik ve tek yanl\u0131 olarak ele almas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ngiliz iktisat\u00e7\u0131 John Maynard Keynes\u2019in 1929 d\u00fcnya ekonomik bunal\u0131m\u0131yla kapitalizmin i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u00e7mazdan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na hizmet edece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi\u011fi ve devletin, talep art\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 mali ve parasal politikalara ba\u015fvurarak piyasay\u0131 canland\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahalesini i\u00e7eren ekonomi politika, bir bunal\u0131m ekonomisini form\u00fcle eder ve burjuvaziye, proleter ve emek\u00e7i hareketinin bask\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u2018sosyal reformcu politikalar\u2019la \u00f6nlem almay\u0131 \u00f6nerir. Keynes\u2019in 1936\u2019da \u0130stihdam, Faiz ve Paran\u0131n Genel Teorisi<\/em> adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda teorile\u015ftirdi\u011fi bu ekonomi politikan\u0131n sol liberal ve reformist \u00e7evreler taraf\u0131ndan desteklenmesinin nedeni, istihdam ve talep art\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 devlet politikalar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerin \u00fccret ve sosyal g\u00fcvenlik alan\u0131nda yararlanaca\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmeler arac\u0131yla \u201ctoplumsal bar\u0131\u015f<\/em>\u201d\u0131n tesis edilmesi ve b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki iyimser beklentileridir. Bu ekonomi politika \u00f6zellikle \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 izleyen 20-25 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7te uyguland\u0131 ve kapitalist geli\u015fmeye ivme kazand\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak bu beklenti, toplumsal s\u0131n\u0131flar aras\u0131 ili\u015fkilerin seyri gibi, belirleyici ba\u015fl\u0131ca etkeni g\u00f6z ard\u0131 eden bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr ve son 40 y\u0131ll\u0131k kapitalist uluslararas\u0131 ekonomi politikalarla proleter ve emek\u00e7i kitlelere kar\u015f\u0131 elde ettikleri mevzilerinden kapitalistlerin ve burjuva devlet iktidarlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak geri \u00e7ekilebilece\u011fini varsaymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keynesyen ekonomi politikalar\u0131n, sosyalizmin uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir alternatif olu\u015fturdu\u011fu, tekil kapitalist \u00fclkelerin ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7i partilerinin var ya da kurulmakta oldu\u011fu tarihsel ko\u015fullarda, sosyalizm ve i\u015f\u00e7i m\u00fccadelelerinin bask\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda ve yeni devrimlerin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc kesme ihtiyac\u0131yla da ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak g\u00fcndeme geldi\u011fi bilinmektedir. Olduk\u00e7a zay\u0131f bir olas\u0131l\u0131k olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nemde sa\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere k\u0131smi sosyal iyile\u015ftirmeleri i\u00e7eren \u201csosyal reformcu devlet politikas\u0131<\/em>\u201d y\u00f6n\u00fcnde baz\u0131 uygulamalar varsay\u0131lsa dahi, bunlar, i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerin u\u011frad\u0131klar\u0131 kay\u0131plar\u0131n \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n giderilmesini a\u015fmayacak, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesine burjuvazi kendili\u011finden giri\u015fmeyecek; i\u015fsizlik, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretler, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, otomasyonun nefes ald\u0131rmaz y\u0131prat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, sosyal hak k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 vb. devam edecektir. De\u011fi\u015fimin emek\u00e7i kesimler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ancak birle\u015fik s\u0131n\u0131f hareketinin sermaye ve burjuva devlet iktidar\u0131n\u0131n politikalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadeledeki ba\u015far\u0131yla \u201corant\u0131l\u0131<\/em>\u201d ve ba\u011fl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 apa\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu bak\u0131mdan gerekli olan liberal reformcu beklentilere ve mekanik materyalistlerin \u201cdip dalga<\/em>\u201d esintili kendili\u011findenci s\u00f6ylemlerine umut ba\u011flama de\u011fil, kapitalistlerle onlar\u0131n \u201ckolektif makinesi<\/em>\u201dne kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. SALDIRILARIN YO\u011eUNLA\u015eMASI VE DAHA BASKICI Y\u00d6NET\u0130MLER OLASILI\u011eI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrde olan, burjuva devletlerin her \u00fclkede, \u201cayr\u0131m g\u00f6zetmeksizin ve herkesin yarar\u0131na olacak \u015fekilde<\/em>\u201d, Covid-19\u2019un yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fcm olaylar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131d\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in bireylerden istenen ise, \u201cyetkililerin uyar\u0131lar\u0131na ve al\u0131nan kararlara kesinlikle uyma<\/em>\u201dlar\u0131; \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak zorunda olmayanlar\u0131n \u201cevde kalmalar\u0131<\/em>\u201dd\u0131r. Bu istem ve yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nlemler ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u201crasyonel<\/em>\u201d bir yan\u0131 bulundu\u011fu reddedilemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gelgelelim bu rasyonel istem ve tutum, toplumsal ili\u015fkilerin egemen burjuvazi yarar\u0131na i\u015fleyen kapitalist s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 gizleme i\u015fleviyle de y\u00fckl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Evde kalma olana\u011f\u0131, diyelim, kalacak bir evi olmayan milyonlarca insan (ABD, Hindistan gibi baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde on milyonlarla ifade ediliyor) bir yana b\u0131rak\u0131lsa dahi, kalacak evi olan i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da yoktur. Onlar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam ediyor, g\u00fcn\u00fcn yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fe gitmek \u00fczere yollarda ve i\u015fyeri-fabrika gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alanlar\u0131nda ge\u00e7iriyorlar. Bu bir zorunluluk ya da mecbur tutulma halidir ve kapitalistlerden farkl\u0131 olarak \u201cs\u00fcr\u00fc ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u201d deneyimine tabi tutulmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan realite<\/em>yi de a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Ne de olsa kapitalistler \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecinde i\u015f\u00e7iler gibi, bir arada bulunma, birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma zorunda de\u011fillerdir ve i\u015f\u00e7i ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n onlar i\u00e7in \u00f6nemi, emek g\u00fcc\u00fcne duyacaklar\u0131 ihtiya\u00e7la orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durum \u00f6rt\u00fck dahi say\u0131lmaz. \u201cKorona krizi<\/em>\u201d gerek\u00e7esiyle herkes \u201culusal \u00e7\u0131kar birli\u011fi i\u00e7in fedakarl\u0131\u011fa<\/em>\u201d\u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131r ve sermaye \u015firketleri yarar\u0131na y\u00fczlerce milyar dolar -baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde trilyonlarla ifade edildi- dolar, euro, sterlin vs. kaynak seferber edilirken, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layarak evde kalmalar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki istemler \u201cekonomi, ekonomi<\/em>\u201d (bu sermaye, sermaye demektir) yan\u0131t\u0131yla reddedilip i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerin ya\u015famsal tehdit alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131nda sak\u0131nca g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve emek\u00e7iler y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nce ya\u015famay\u0131 ba\u015farma sorunu<\/em>na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen gereklilikler, burjuva devlet y\u00f6neticileri ve kapitalistler taraf\u0131ndan reddedildi.[9]<\/a> Oysa emek g\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc sonucu \u00fcretilmi\u015f zenginlik birikimi, g\u0131da, ila\u00e7, su, enerji gibi zorunlu olanlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00fcretimin durmas\u0131 halinde dahi, temel gereksinimlerin kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131na de\u011fil birka\u00e7 ay birka\u00e7 y\u0131l yetecek b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteydi.[10]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cEkonomi, ekonomi<\/em>\u201d diye \u00f6nceliklere dikkat \u00e7eken burjuva y\u00f6netimleriyle sermaye sahipleri ekonomik \u00e7ark\u0131n i\u015flemesiyle toplumun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun ya\u015fam\u0131\/hayatta kalmas\u0131 aras\u0131nda denklemler kurarak \u201cs\u00fcr\u00fc ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u201d politikas\u0131n\u0131n yararlar\u0131 \u00fczerine a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulunmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmad\u0131. Sorun ya\u015fam i\u00e7in gerekli ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131 \u00fcretim zorunlulu\u011fu de\u011fil, sermaye k\u00e2r\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesiydi ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcp ezilenlerin ya\u015fam\u0131yla kurulan ba\u011f\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc ne oran ve miktarda k\u00e2r nesnesi olabilecekleriydi. \u0130sve\u00e7 y\u00f6netimi yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gizli belgeyle doktorlar\u0131 80 ya\u015f \u00fcst\u00fc hastalara \u00f6ncelik tan\u0131mamalar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde uyard\u0131. Boris Johnson, \u201cs\u00fcr\u00fc ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u201d olarak nitelenen ve \u201cen zay\u0131flar<\/em>\u201d\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ola\u011fanla\u015ft\u0131ran yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla, Trump daha ba\u015ftan 250 bin ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6ze al\u0131nabilir oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyerek ve salg\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131lma h\u0131z\u0131 artarken \u201cola\u011fan duruma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f<\/em>\u201d egilimini k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131yla; Erdo\u011fan, \u201c\u00fcretim her \u015fart alt\u0131nda devam edecek<\/em>\u201d talimat\u0131yla burjuva yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n bariz \u00f6rneklerini sergiledi.[11]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koronavir\u00fcs salg\u0131n\u0131 burjuva y\u00f6netimlerin kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya olduklar\u0131 ekonomik, sosyal, siyasal sorunlar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 rol oynad\u0131, onlara yenilerini ekledi. Bunun nedenleyebilece\u011fi sonu\u00e7lardan birinin de daha fazla bask\u0131ya y\u00f6nelme, daha fazla otoriterle\u015fme olmas\u0131 pek\u00e2la m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bolsonaro, Mundi, Obran, Trump, Erdo\u011fan gibi \u201ca\u015f\u0131r\u0131 merkezci<\/em>\u201d ve bask\u0131c\u0131 y\u00f6neticilerin, politik bask\u0131 ve \u015fiddet y\u00f6ntemlerini yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 buna i\u015faret ediyor. Burjuva devlet iktidarlar\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerle iflasa s\u00fcr\u00fcklenen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcreticilerden ve baz\u0131 orta tabaka kesimlerden gelebilecek tepkilere bariyer \u00f6rmeye; tepkileri hen\u00fcz g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr etki d\u00fczeyine ula\u015fmadan etkisizle\u015ftirmeye y\u00f6nelik yasal de\u011fi\u015fikliklere giri\u015ftiler. Macaristan, Polonya, Filipinler, Hindistan, T\u00fcrkiye gibi \u00fclkelerde muhalifleri teslim alma politikas\u0131 daha da sertle\u015ftirildi. Donald Trump, korona tedbirlerinin bir an \u00f6nce iptal edilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki politikas\u0131na taraftar kazanmak i\u00e7in televizyon \u015faklaban\u0131 baz\u0131 \u201cbilim insanlar\u0131<\/em>\u201dn\u0131 da kullanarak silahl\u0131 sokak g\u00f6sterilerini k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalar yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Filipinler Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u201ctalimatlara uymayan\u0131 vurun<\/em>\u201d talimat\u0131, ordu g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede \u201csava\u015f ve seferberlik hali uygulamalar\u0131<\/em>\u201dna benzer bi\u00e7imde \u201cahaliye yard\u0131m<\/em>\u201d ad\u0131na soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, Hindistan ve Endenozya\u2019da sopa ve k\u0131rba\u00e7 cezalar\u0131, yer yer ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan polis-vatanda\u015f \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 bu y\u00f6nl\u00fc geli\u015fmelerin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn kapal\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Trump\u2019\u0131n ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131, Alman Der Spiegel ve \u0130ngiliz The Economist yazarlar\u0131n\u0131n bal\u0131klama atlayarak yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 \u201c\u00c7in\u2019in sorumlulu\u011fu<\/em>\u201d y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki su\u00e7lay\u0131c\u0131 s\u00f6ylem, \u201c\u00e7ekik g\u00f6zl\u00fcler<\/em>\u201de kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nyarg\u0131lar\u0131n artmas\u0131, farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerin kenar semtlerinde birikmi\u015f \u201cg\u00f6\u00e7men<\/em>\u201d ve m\u00fclteci kitlelerinin \u201chastal\u0131k bula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 vir\u00fcs<\/em>\u201d kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi, yabanc\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 gerici ve fa\u015fist ak\u0131m ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri g\u00fc\u00e7lendirici i\u015fleve sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir di\u011fer g\u00f6sterge, yeni olmayan, ancak b\u00fct\u00fcn toplumlar\u0131 ilgilendiren uluslararas\u0131 bir salg\u0131n ve sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunu nedeniyle daha geli\u015fmi\u015f teknik bi\u00e7imleriyle devreye girmesi i\u00e7in ko\u015fullar\u0131n elverir hale geldi\u011fi yurtta\u015flar\u0131n t\u00fcm kimlik bilgileri, hareketleri ve ili\u015fkisel etkinlikleriyle kontrol edilmesi uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n daha \u00e7ok say\u0131daki devlet y\u00f6netimlerince benimsenmesidir. \u0130leri teknoloji, ki\u015fi ve topluluklar\u0131n zaman ve mekanla ba\u011fl\u0131 hareketlerinin kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc olanakl\u0131 k\u0131lan bir d\u00fczeye ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f bulunuyor. Bu alandaki geli\u015fmeler, i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ileri ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131n her an\u0131 ve alan\u0131nda denetim alt\u0131nda tutarak kontrol etmek, e\u011filimleri, y\u00f6neli\u015fleri, tepkileri, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini bilmek ve y\u00f6nlendirici m\u00fcdahalelerde bulunmak, \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131fsal birliklerini \u00f6nlemek ve mevcut \u00fcretim tarz\u0131 ve toplumsal ili\u015fki bi\u00e7imlerinin de\u011fi\u015fmezli\u011fi fikrine adapte ederek s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc nesneleri halinde tutmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu y\u00f6ndeki yasal engeller, salg\u0131n hastal\u0131k kontrol zorunlulu\u011fu gerek\u00e7eli olarak a\u015f\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Hemen uygulama alan\u0131 geni\u015fletilerek ba\u015fvurulan \u201csanal yenilik<\/em>\u201d, sa\u011fl\u0131k durumlar\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fc gerek\u00e7eli olarak insanlar\u0131n ev i\u00e7i dahil, ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131n \u201cg\u00f6zlem alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131<\/em>\u201d oldu. Sa\u011fl\u0131k gibi ya\u015famsal bir sorun gerek\u00e7esiyle g\u00fcndeme getirilen bu uygulama, birey ve topluluklar\u0131n her t\u00fcr hareketinin kontrol\u00fc y\u00f6n\u00fcnde devlet denetiminin etkili bir arac\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclecektir. Bask\u0131 ve denetim yo\u011funlu\u011fu salg\u0131n hastal\u0131k-toplum g\u00fcvenli\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle kitlesel \u2018r\u0131za\u2019yla takviye edilmek isteniyor. Bu t\u00fcrden bir salg\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ve hatta gelmekte oldu\u011funun on y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinden uluslararas\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir bilgi ya da SARS-MERS ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 varsay\u0131m olarak devletlerin g\u00fcndemine geldi\u011fi ve devletlerin \u201cproje geli\u015ftirici birimleri<\/em>\u201dnin b\u00f6ylesi durumlarda ne t\u00fcrden \u201culusal kar\u015f\u0131 stratejiler uygulayacaklar\u0131<\/em>\u201d planlamalar\u0131na gidildi\u011fi, televizyon ekranlar\u0131ndan \u2018s\u0131radan vatanda\u015f\u2019lar\u0131n bilgisine sunuldu. Ve g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc-duyuldu ki, haz\u0131rl\u0131klar yaln\u0131zca sa\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131nda de\u011fil, bu alan\u0131 gerilere atacak \u015fekilde, \u00f6ncelikli olarak militer-istihbari mekanizman\u0131n \u201cm\u00fckemelle\u015ftirilmesi<\/em>\u201d alan\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burjuva devlet ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri bu politikay\u0131 uygularken, sermayeye ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin politikalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelenin geri d\u00fczeyini bir olanak olarak g\u00f6rmekte; tersinden ayn\u0131 durum burjuvazi ve devletlerinin kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya bulunduklar\u0131 ekonomik-toplumsal sorunlar\u0131 sermaye \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 temelinde \u201cbir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturma<\/em>\u201d politikalar\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen, onlar\u0131n dinmeyen korkusu, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen ve ezilenlerin i\u00e7inde tutulduklar\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131n k\u00f6lele\u015ftirici karakterini g\u00f6rerek zincirlerini par\u00e7alama etkinli\u011finde birle\u015fme e\u011filimine girmeleri ve bu e\u011filimin g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesidir. Bu e\u011filim \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc, \u00f6zellikle s\u0131n\u0131f farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcz haliyle g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir oldu\u011fu zamanlarda daha belirgin bi\u00e7imde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Covid-19\u2019un, s\u0131n\u0131f ayr\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6zetmeyerek herkese sald\u0131rmas\u0131, burjuvazinin ve burjuva y\u00f6netimlerin s\u0131n\u0131f\u00e7\u0131 ayr\u0131m politikalar\u0131n\u0131 maskelemek i\u00e7in bir \u201cavantaj sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f<\/em>\u201d gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmekle birlikte, izlenen ayr\u0131mc\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fsal politika kesin ve keskin hatlar ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. M\u00dcCADELE ARA\u00c7 VE Y\u00d6NTEMLER\u0130N\u0130N GEL\u0130\u015eT\u0130R\u0130LMES\u0130 \u0130HT\u0130YACI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yukar\u0131daki b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde ekonomik sosyal ve politik ko\u015fullar\u0131n emek\u00e7iler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha y\u0131prat\u0131c\u0131, yoksunla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lara yol a\u00e7maya yol ald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edildi. Sadece ilerici-demokrat ve sosyalist ayd\u0131nlar de\u011fil, burjuva liberal, hatta devlet politikalar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6nlendiricili\u011finde y\u00f6netim mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 aklamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan sosyolog, ekonomist vs. de, bir kriz durumundan s\u00f6z ederek, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nemde uluslararas\u0131 alanda rekabetin k\u0131z\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131ndan, \u00fcretim sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesinde baz\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n g\u00fcndeme gelebilece\u011finden, kimi \u00fclkelerde daha bask\u0131c\u0131 politikalar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir olas\u0131l\u0131k oldu\u011fundan s\u00f6z etmektedirler. \u00c7in, Avusturya, Macaristan, T\u00fcrkiye, G. Kore \u00f6rnekleri \u00fczerinden \u201cotoriter y\u00f6netimlerin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131<\/em>\u201dna i\u015faret edenler hi\u00e7 de az de\u011fil. Ve ger\u00e7ek o ki, Koronavir\u00fcs salg\u0131n\u0131 -ya da \u201csava\u015f\u0131\u201d- ba\u015flamazdan \u00f6nce, uluslararas\u0131 alanda sermaye ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin uygulad\u0131klar\u0131 ekonomi politikalar nedeniyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131 giderek k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fen i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7iler, bu salg\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 ve ulusal \u2018yeni durum\u2019 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla daha da a\u011f\u0131r ve ezici bir mengene i\u00e7ine al\u0131nd\u0131lar. Sermaye devlet ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri, salg\u0131n dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ve \u201ccan g\u00fcvenli\u011fi<\/em>\u201d endi\u015fesiyle \u201ceve kapanma<\/em>\u201dn\u0131n \u201ckurtar\u0131c\u0131 i\u015flevi<\/em>\u201dni, s\u0131n\u0131f hakimiyeti ve kapitalist \u00e7\u0131karlar i\u00e7in, kapsam\u0131 geni\u015fletilmi\u015f \u015fekilde ya\u015fam\u0131n t\u00fcm alanlar\u0131nda kazanca d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015facaklard\u0131r. \u0130\u015fsizlik ve yoksulla\u015fman\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131, milyonlarca i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7inin \u00fccretsiz izne zorland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi, sosyal haklar\u0131n gasp edildi\u011fi, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcretici ve i\u015fletmecili\u011fin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir darbe yedi\u011fi ko\u015fullarda, burjuva \u201cuzla\u015f\u0131<\/em>\u201d \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n uyumlu bir kabullenmeyle kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k m\u0131 bulaca\u011f\u0131, yoksa \u2018b\u0131\u00e7ak kemi\u011fe dayand\u0131\u2019 \u00f6fkeli tepkisiyle mi kar\u015f\u0131la\u015faca\u011f\u0131, her bir \u00fclke i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerinin m\u00fccadele ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme deneyimi, d\u00fczeyi ve kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fmekle birlikte, i\u00e7ine girilen d\u00f6nemin giderek a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fan ko\u015fullar\u0131 sosyal ekonomik ve politik talepler i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, ya\u015fam ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131nda iyile\u015fme olmayaca\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret ediyor. Burjuva devlet ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri, sermayenin \u00e7\u0131kar aleti, emek\u00e7ilere kar\u015f\u0131 sopas\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdiler. Paketler sermayeye a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7iler ise, sopa her an inmek \u00fczere yukar\u0131da haz\u0131r tutulmak \u00fczere oyalay\u0131c\u0131 \u015fark\u0131larla, alk\u0131\u015flarla, \u201caman hepimiz biriz<\/em>\u201d uykuya davet s\u00f6ylemiyle yat\u0131\u015fmaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Daha zor bir d\u00f6neme giriliyor ve haklarda, ya\u015fam ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131nda hangi y\u00f6nde de\u011fi\u015fim olaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan belirleyici olan her \u00fclkede -uluslararas\u0131 emek\u00e7i dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 unutulmaks\u0131z\u0131n- i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve emek\u00e7ilerle onlar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131f \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin m\u00fccadele g\u00fcc\u00fc ve kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak toplumsal geli\u015fme ve bilim ve teknolojinin burjuvazinin elinde s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen ve ezilen s\u0131n\u0131f ve kesimlere kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir araca d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fi, i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ileri ve politik-ekonomik \u00f6rg\u00fctlerini yeni olmayan, ancak akt\u00fcel geli\u015fmelerle peki\u015fen bir gereklilikle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya da b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Maddi ya\u015fam\u0131n \u00fcretimi ve yeniden \u00fcretiminin her t\u00fcrden insan etkinli\u011finin temelinde yer almas\u0131n\u0131n kapitalist toplumdaki en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 sonucu, kapitalist \u00fcretim sisteminde ekonominin can damarlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n elinde olmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nesnel durum, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve emek\u00e7ilerin burjuvaziyi, onun b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcc\u00fcne ve olanaklar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fli\u011fine ra\u011fmen yenilgiye u\u011fratmalar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lar. Tarihsel deneyim ise, bu nesnel dayana\u011f\u0131n bilin\u00e7le kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n; toplumsal geli\u015fmenin olanakl\u0131 k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u00e7 ve y\u00f6ntemlerin m\u00fccadelenin ara\u00e7, g\u00fc\u00e7 ve olana\u011f\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmesinin gereklili\u011fine i\u015faret eder. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve emek\u00e7iler tarihsel deneyimden, toplumsal geli\u015fmenin sundu\u011fu olanaklardan yararland\u0131klar\u0131 oranda kazanabilmi\u015flerdir. Materyalist Marksist \u00f6\u011freti bu bak\u0131mdan da yol g\u00f6stericidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marx ve Engels, insan\u0131 hayvanl\u0131ktan insanl\u0131\u011fa y\u00fckselten en \u00f6nemli tarihsel etkinli\u011fin ya\u015fam gereksinmelerinin \u00fcretimi ve yeniden \u00fcretimi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylerken, bu etkinli\u011fin tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7teki \u2018ser\u00fcveni\u2019nde kaydedilen geli\u015fmelerin bilimsel ke\u015fiflerle ili\u015fkisine de, \u00f6nemle dikkat \u00e7ektiler. Buharl\u0131 makinenin, i\u00e7ten patlamal\u0131 motorun bulunu\u015funu sadece sanayideki rol\u00fcyle, insan emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclmesinde yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni b\u00fcy\u00fck at\u0131l\u0131mla de\u011fil do\u011fa bilimleri alan\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fck devrimlerle, tarihsel ilerlemeyle ba\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de de\u011ferlendirdiler.[12]<\/a> Okyanus a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gemilerin yap\u0131m\u0131 sermaye ve meta hareketinin uluslaras\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131nda devasa rol oynad\u0131. Burjuvazinin modern kent planlamas\u0131 ve in\u015fas\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin ara\u00e7, bi\u00e7im ve y\u00f6ntemlerindeki de\u011fi\u015fimin etkenlerinden biri oldu. Su alt\u0131 gemilerinin ve mitraly\u00f6z\u00fcn yap\u0131m\u0131 sava\u015f sanayisinde ve sava\u015f taktiklerinde muazzam de\u011fi\u015fikliklere yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Bunlara y\u00fczen u\u00e7ak gemileri, s\u00fcpersonik jetler, k\u0131talar aras\u0131 f\u00fczeler eklendi. Yenilenen yap\u0131sal organizasyonlar\u0131yla yeni \u2018kapitalist kentler\u2019in bina, sokak ve meydanlar\u0131 mobese kameralarla donat\u0131ld\u0131 ve \u0131s\u0131 ve \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa duyarl\u0131 dronlarla kontrole al\u0131nd\u0131. Uzaya istasyon kuran ABD, Rusya, \u00c7in gibi emperyalist devletlerin y\u00f6netimleri, gezegen sistemimizde \u2018ya\u015fanabilir\u2019 bir ba\u015fka alan ve yer bulma ve \u201ci\u015fgal etme<\/em>\u201dnin yar\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7indeler. D\u00fcnyadan y\u00fcz binlerce \u0131\u015f\u0131k y\u0131l\u0131 uzakl\u0131klardaki madde ve enerjinin durumunu elektromanyetik dalga yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n uzaktan kumanday\u0131 olanakl\u0131 k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan yararlanarak incelemeyi ba\u015farabilecek denli geli\u015fmi\u015f teknolojik bilgi birikimi, insan soyunun b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde bo\u011fu\u015fmakta oldu\u011fu sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in de\u011fil, tersine, bu \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun boyunduruk alt\u0131nda tutulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bilim ve teknolojinin burjuva emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7lerin elinde, proletarya ve emek\u00e7ilere kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve bask\u0131y\u0131 art\u0131rman\u0131n arac\u0131 ve silah\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, toplumun bu b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu yeni sorunlarla y\u00fcz y\u00fcze getirmi\u015ftir. Bu durum, diyelim insan\u0131n biyolojik-biogenetik ve sosyopsikolojik bilgi ve davran\u0131\u015f bilgilerinin depolanmas\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7eren elektronik kimlik kart\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve y\u00fcz okuma tekni\u011finin Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 vesilesiyle uluslararas\u0131 alanda uygulamaya konmas\u0131, burjuvazi ve devlet iktidarlar\u0131n\u0131n \u201cb\u00fct\u00fcn yurtta\u015flar<\/em>\u201d\u0131 fi\u015flemesinin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve emek\u00e7ilerin muhalif devrimci hareketi ve eylemi ek engellerle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu durum ba\u015fka \u015feylerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, insan\u0131 robotla\u015ft\u0131rmaya ve tersinden robotlar\u0131 insan yerine ikame etmeye koyulan burjuvaziye kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelenin, onun g\u00fc\u00e7 ve olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmseyici bilim d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u015fi\u015firilmi\u015f cehaletle, proletaryan\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinde nesnel olarak sahip oldu\u011fu g\u00fc\u00e7 ve olanaklarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya bulundu\u011fu zorluklar\u0131 ve engelleri y\u00fczeysel form\u00fclasyonlarla basite indirgeyen mekanist anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n mahkum edilmesini zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burjuvazi ancak, onun elindeki g\u00fc\u00e7, ara\u00e7 ve olanaklar\u0131 sa\u011flayan kayna\u011f\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 olan proleter ve emek\u00e7ilerin \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc m\u00fccadelesiyle yenilgiye u\u011frat\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Bu, proletarya-burjuvazi m\u00fccadelesinin tarihsel deneyimiyle kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Proleter ve emek\u00e7i kitlelerinin ya\u015fam ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alanlar\u0131 m\u00fccadele ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme alanlar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rg\u00fctl\u00fc m\u00fccadele ise, \u00fcretim tekniklerindeki ve toplumsal ili\u015fkilerdeki geli\u015fmelerle ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00e7e\u015fitlilik g\u00f6steren ara\u00e7 ve y\u00f6ntemleri gereksinir. Bilim ve teknolojideki geli\u015fmeler ve bilimin teknik uygulanmas\u0131 \u00fcretim tarz\u0131yla ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak verimlilik art\u0131r\u0131c\u0131-k\u00e2r sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 ara\u00e7 i\u015flevi g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, denetim, disiplin ve bask\u0131 arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ancak di\u011fer yandan insan t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn tarihsel ilerlemesinin arac\u0131 i\u015flevi de g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Makine kapitalist kullan\u0131m\u0131yla bask\u0131 ve i\u015fsizlik nedeniyken, \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kolektif m\u00fclkiyete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcz toplumda insan\u0131n hizmetinde, i\u015fini kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131, bo\u015f zaman yarat\u0131c\u0131, dinlendirici ve zenginle\u015ftirici i\u015flev g\u00f6recektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Materyalist tarih g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn kat etti\u011fi geli\u015fkinlik ile do\u011fa bilimleri ve genel olarak bilimsel geli\u015fmeler aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve emek\u00e7iler ile proletaryan\u0131n devrimci s\u0131n\u0131f \u00f6rg\u00fctleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan m\u00fccadelenin her d\u00f6nem ve a\u015famas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6nem g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marx ve Engels, proletaryan\u0131n burjuvaziye kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelesinde bilimsel sosyalist teorinin kitleleri sararak de\u011fi\u015ftirici maddi g\u00fc\u00e7 haline gelmesinin tayin edici \u00f6nemine dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015fler, parti \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesini de bunun merkezi kolektif arac\u0131 olarak tarif etmi\u015flerdi. Lenin\u2019in, sosyalizmin in\u015fas\u0131 ile bilimsel teknik geli\u015fme aras\u0131nda kurdu\u011fu ba\u011f ise, bilimsel geli\u015fmelerin proletarya ve emek\u00e7iler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemine bir di\u011fer vurguydu. O zamandan bu yana bilimin \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak burjuvazinin elinde b\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bi\u00e7imler genel olarak emek\u00e7iler aleyhine kullan\u0131lageldi. \u015eimdi bu durum teknik donan\u0131mdaki ileri d\u00fczey nedeniyle daha \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bi\u00e7imler al\u0131yor. Bu geli\u015fmelerin bir y\u00f6n\u00fc de, s\u0131n\u0131f farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 daha a\u00e7\u0131k halleriyle sergileyen pratik g\u00f6stergelerin \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6ylesi zamanlarda, \u201ck\u00f6lelik \u00fczerine kurulu her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00fcretim ile onun \u00fczerine kurulu\u201d<\/em> toplumsal ili\u015fkilerin toplumun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu aleyhine i\u015fledi\u011fi daha a\u00e7\u0131k hale gelir. Bu durumun y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u2018uyand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131\u2019 bir etkide bulunmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmakla birlikte bunun, kitlesel tepkiler \u015feklinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 bir\u00e7ok ba\u015fka etkene ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Nedenledikleri \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn d\u00fczeyi ne olursa olsun, b\u00f6ylesi \u201ckriz ko\u015fullar\u0131\u201d, de\u011fi\u015ftirici insan etkinli\u011fi (proletarya ve kent-k\u0131r yoksullar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fccadelesi) olmaks\u0131z\u0131n kesintisiz \u015fekilde dibe do\u011fru \u2018derinle\u015fip\u2019 kapitalizmi, kendi kendini yok edici sona g\u00f6t\u00fcrmezler. Bu durum, devrimci-sosyalist partilere kitlesel y\u00f6neli\u015flerin, kendi durumlar\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve burjuva kapitalist partilerden umut kesme ile ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Politik pratik, ekonomik ve ideolojik boyutlar\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi nesnel toplumsal zeminde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir ve bu da \u201csanal d\u00fcnya<\/em>\u201ddaki etkinliklerin ger\u00e7ek-somut ili\u015fkilerin yerine ikame edilemeyece\u011fini g\u00f6sterir. Hayat ve insan ili\u015fkilerinin nesnelli\u011fi, ya\u015fam ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc m\u00fccadele alanlar\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 hem sa\u011flar hem de gerekli k\u0131lar. Somut ger\u00e7ek toplumsal insan ili\u015fkilerinin s\u0131n\u0131fsal karakteri, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen ve ezilenlerin genel toplumsal ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde olmakla birlikte bir ayr\u0131 d\u00fcnyalar\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131na da yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i-emek\u00e7i kitlelerinin bu vir\u00fcs ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 geli\u015fmeler kapsam\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 ve ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 \u2018\u00f6z sorunlar\u2019\u0131n pratikte g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi, herkesin ayn\u0131 zamanda ya\u015fasa dahi, ayn\u0131 durumda olmay\u0131p ayn\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 ya\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r! S\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin sanalla\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131; aksine temel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131n bu m\u00fccadelenin alan\u0131 oldu\u011fu; grevin, g\u00f6sterinin, mitingin, protestonun en etkili ve burjuvaziye kar\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011finin tarihe kar\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131; fabrika ve i\u015fyerindeki \u00fcretimin durup durmamas\u0131n\u0131n, \u015falterlerin indirilip indirilmemesinin burjuvazi ve devletiyle ili\u015fkilerde tayin edici i\u015flevini korumaya devam etti\u011fi toplumsal kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131klar d\u00fcnyas\u0131nday\u0131z. Bilim ve teknolojideki geli\u015fmeler bu somut ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnyasal faaliyet ve ili\u015fkilerle ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak s\u00f6z konusu olabilmektedir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n burjuvaziyi ala\u015fa\u011f\u0131 etmesi ve kapitalist s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcye son vermesi i\u00e7in bilim silah\u0131na, materyalist bilimsel y\u00f6nteme ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r. Her t\u00fcrden irrasyonel sapk\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye, ku\u015fkucu teslimiyete, reformist liberal beklenticili\u011fe ve kaderci kurguculu\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 tarihsel materyalist g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f<\/em> etkin bir silaht\u0131r. Bu bilimsel silahla donanmak, bireycili\u011fin ve kadercili\u011fin ivme kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6ylesi zamanlarda daha fazla gereklilik g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> D\u00fcnyay\u0131 etkisi alt\u0131na alan koronavir\u00fcs<\/a> (Covid-19) salg\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada s\u00fcrerken, Frans\u0131z bilim insanlar\u0131ndan kritik bir a\u00e7\u0131klama geldi. Fransa<\/a>\u2019da bulunan Aix-Marseille \u00dcniversitesi T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi\u2019nde Viroloji, Biyoteknoloji, Genetik ve Molek\u00fcler Biyoloji \u00fczerine ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapan Boris Pastorino ve ekibi, koronavir\u00fcs \u00fczerinde 10 ayr\u0131 deney yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, bu deneylerin sonucunda vir\u00fcs\u00fcn 92 derece s\u0131cakl\u0131kta 15 dakika boyunca hayatta kalabildi\u011fi ve daha sonra etkisini kaybetti\u011fini tespit ettiklerini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Bkz. https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/dunya\/fransiz-bilim-insanlarindan-kritik-corona-virus-uyarisi-virus-yuksek-sicaklikta-41496886<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> 1331\u2018de ba\u015flay\u0131p 1347-1351 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Avrupa ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere Asya\u2019n\u0131n bat\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerini ve Kuzey Afrika\u2019y\u0131 etkisi alt\u0131na alan \u201cKara Veba<\/em>\u201dn\u0131n tarihte insan t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck felaket oldu\u011fu ve bu hastal\u0131k nedeniyle 100- 200 milyon insan\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tahmin ediliyor. 1918\u2019de ba\u015f g\u00f6steren ve be\u015f y\u0131l s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc belirtilen \u0130spanyol Gribi<\/em> nedeniyle de 35-50 milyon aras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu belirtilen insan kayb\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Koronavir\u00fcs, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem itibar\u0131yla, uluslararas\u0131 n\u00fcfus sirk\u00fclasyonu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha tehlikeli bir durumu i\u015faret ederken bilimsel geli\u015fmenin d\u00fczeyi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan daha kolay ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r olmas\u0131 nedeniyle bu eski salg\u0131nlarla k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, olas\u0131d\u0131r ki daha az kay\u0131pla atlat\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Bu vir\u00fcs salg\u0131n\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak yeniden g\u00fcndeme getirilen Malthus\u00e7u “s\u00fcr\u00fc ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131” g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak Darwin’e y\u00f6neltilen su\u00e7lamalarla vir\u00fcs\u00fcn do\u011fasal-maddi ger\u00e7ekli\u011fini \u00f6rtbas eden spek\u00fclatif-skolastik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri burada ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak irdelemeyece\u011fiz. Bunlar ayr\u0131 bir makale konusu olarak irdelenebilirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> Alman Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakan\u0131 Jens Spahn<\/a> maske pazar\u0131nda sava\u015f ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti ve \u201cT\u00fcm d\u00fcnya maske pe\u015finde. Maskeler alt\u0131n de\u011ferinde<\/em>\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haberturk.com\/dunya-borsalari-3-ayda-18-trilyon-dolar-deger-kaybetti-haberler-2636089-ekonomi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.yurtgazetesi.com.tr\/ekonomi\/dunya-bankasi-vites-kuculttu-h148848.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.f5haber.com\/ekonomi\/imf-baskanindan-urkuten-aciklama-5472642<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n sermaye temsilcilerinden birini i\u015faretle \u201cbak\u0131yorum ne\u015fen yerinde<\/em>\u201d \u015feklinde \u2018tak\u0131larak\u2019 ilan etti\u011fi 100 milyar liral\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131n y\u00fczde 98\u2019ini sermayeye ve sadece y\u00fczde 2\u2019sinin \u201chalka<\/em>\u201d ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u201cBa\u015fkanl\u0131k Saray\u0131<\/em>\u201dndan a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131ktan sonra yine Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n \u201cbiz bize yeteriz T\u00fcrkiyem<\/em>\u201d sesleni\u015fiyle para toplama kampanyas\u0131 ilan edildi. Tarikatlar ve vak\u0131flar<\/strong> \u2013ki \u00e7o\u011fu iktidar ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r- engelsiz ve s\u0131n\u0131r olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131\u015f ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda para toplarken, muhalif belediyelerin ihtiyac\u0131 olan yurtta\u015flara yard\u0131m i\u00e7in kampanya a\u00e7malar\u0131n\u0131n, sadece kendi elinde birikmeyece\u011fi i\u00e7in \u201cdevlet i\u00e7inde devlet<\/em>\u201d olmaya kalk\u0131\u015fma su\u00e7lamas\u0131yla engellemeye koyulan Saray iktidar\u0131, \u201cbiz bize yeteriz T\u00fcrkiyem<\/em>\u201d  kampanyas\u0131yla bankalardan, kurumlardan, \u015firketlerden, sendika konfederasyonlar\u0131ndan, \u015fah\u0131slardan \u201cmecburi kat\u0131l\u0131m<\/em>\u201d pay\u0131 kopararak yard\u0131m i\u00e7in ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilen 2 milyar liradan daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 geri toplam\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Zorunlu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma gerektiren sa\u011fl\u0131k, ila\u00e7, enerji vb. gibi baz\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerin emek\u00e7ilerine fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 da g\u00f6zetilerek gelir deste\u011finde bulunulmas\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn di\u011fer i\u015flerin durdurularak kay\u0131tl\u0131-kay\u0131ts\u0131z t\u00fcm i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilere temel gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131layacak \u00fccret \u00f6denmesi, zenginlerden servet vergisi al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcreticiler dahil \u201calt s\u0131n\u0131flar<\/em>\u201d<\/em>\u0131n t\u00fcm kredi faiz bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n iptal edilmesi vb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Di\u011ferleri bir yana sadece 26 trilyonerin 3,6 milyar d\u00fcnyal\u0131n\u0131n toplam servetinden daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir serveti vard\u0131r. Yine 2 bin 153 d\u00fcnya zengini, 4,6 milyar ki\u015finin toplam servetinden daha fazlaya servete sahipti (Oxfam 2019 Raporu). Devlet hazinelerindeki birikim, \u00f6rnek olsun sermaye \u015firketlerine 8 trilyon aktaracak ve arada da halk kitlelerine kar\u015f\u0131 militarist makineyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131racak kadar b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi y\u00f6netenler, ba\u015fl\u0131ca Bat\u0131l\u0131 emperyalist devletlerin bu salg\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fckleri \u2018g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 durum\u2019dan hareketle, \u201casr\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ve T\u00fcrk milleti\u2019ne g\u00fczel g\u00fcnleri getirmekte oldu\u011fu<\/em>\u201d masal\u0131ms\u0131 anlat\u0131yla milyonlarca insan\u0131, \u201c\u00f6n\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yeni lideri olmaya aday T\u00fcrkiye ve \u2018ba\u015fkanl\u0131k ekibi\u2019yle y\u00fcr\u00fcnecek parlak gelecek<\/em>\u201d hayali kurmaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131rken, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve e\u011fitim dahil \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme nedeniyle ya\u015fanan sorunlara y\u00f6nelik ele\u015ftiriler \u201cihanet<\/em>\u201d su\u00e7lamas\u0131yla bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Muhalefet kunda\u011f\u0131nda bo\u011fulmal\u0131yd\u0131! Be\u015ftepe\u2019deki \u201cK\u00fclliye<\/em>\u201dden, \u201cAziz milletim, 18 y\u0131ll\u0131k iktidar\u0131m\u0131zda yapt\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131zla bu salg\u0131na haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olan tek \u00fclkenin T\u00fcrkiye olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131k<\/em>\u201d t\u00fcr\u00fcnden a\u00e7\u0131klamalar yap\u0131l\u0131r ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck raporlarla \u00f6l\u00fcm ve belirti vakalar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131lar\u0131 verilirken di\u011fer \u00fclkelerle k\u0131yasla iyi durumda olundu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrken, <\/em>D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn Avrupa ofisi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir a\u00e7\u0131klamada k\u0131tada \u00f6lenlerin y\u00fczde 95\u2019inin 60 ya\u015f \u00fczerinde olup, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise aksine 60 ya\u015f alt\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin k\u0131ta ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n 4 kat\u0131ndan da fazla seyretti\u011fini duyurdu ve tehlikenin ciddiyetine dikkat \u00e7ekti. D\u00fcnya genelinde 60 ya\u015f alt\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 2.3 iken T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bunun 9 kat\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Burjuva uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bilim ve teknolojinin daha ileri d\u00fczeyde geli\u015fmesinden soyutlanamasa da, burjuvazi, bilim ve teknolojiyi insan\u0131 k\u00f6lele\u015ftirmek, emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc vah\u015fice s\u00f6m\u00fcrmek, rakiplere \u00fcst\u00fcn gelerek pazarlara egemen olmak i\u00e7in insanlar\u0131 y\u00fcz binlerle katletmek \u00fczere kullanmakta teredd\u00fct etmedi. \u0130leri teknoloji en ilk ve en \u00e7ok sava\u015f sanayi alan\u0131nda kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Makine, daha rahat, kolay ve mutlu ya\u015fam\u0131n de\u011fil, daha fazla k\u00e2r\u0131n arac\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7ileri y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar halinde i\u015fsiz b\u0131rakman\u0131n, emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrmenin silah\u0131 oldu. Makinenin bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi, yeni s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcz toplumsal ya\u015fam i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lar. Bu bir yana, bir varsay\u0131m olmaktan da \u00e7\u0131karak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fme yolunda ileri ad\u0131mlar\u0131n at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 otomasyonun daha ileri bir d\u00fczeyinde, robot kollar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015fleri ya da i\u015flerin b\u00fcy\u00fck\u00e7e b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7ok az say\u0131da kalifiye ya da daha s\u0131radan emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn baz\u0131 istisnai basit i\u015fleri yerine getirdi\u011fi bir d\u00fczene\u011fin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131, hi\u00e7 kimsenin a\u00e7, yoksul ve yoksun olmamas\u0131<\/em> ko\u015fuluyla, akl\u0131 yerinde hi\u00e7 kimse taraf\u0131ndan yads\u0131nmaz. Ancak, b\u00f6ylesi bir durumun kapitalizm ko\u015fullar\u0131nda genellik g\u00f6steremeyece\u011fi de besbellidir. Kapitalizm art\u0131-de\u011fer s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc gereksinir ve bu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da kapitalizmden s\u00f6z edilemez.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yusuf Akda\u011f Beyni d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki organlar\u0131 fel\u00e7 durumunda olan, ancak uzay fizi\u011fi ve evrenin olu\u015fumu \u00fczerine geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi g\u00f6ren \u0130ngiliz bilim insan\u0131 Stephan Hawking, 2016\u2019da BBC\u2019ye bir a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ve insan ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6kta\u015f\u0131 \u00e7arpmas\u0131, kozmik olaylar, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, geneti\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f vir\u00fcsler, n\u00fckleer sava\u015flar vb. gibi nedenlerle b\u00fcy\u00fck tehdit alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funu belirterek insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u201cyok olmamak i\u00e7in uzayda ba\u015fka gezegenlerde ya\u015fam […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1222,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,376,362],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1221","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yazilar","category-dunya","category-yusuf-akdag"],"yoast_head":"\nCovid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 ve \u201cyeni bir d\u00fcnyaya do\u011fru\u201d tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fczerine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2020\/05\/02\/covid-19-salgini-ve-yeni-bir-dunyaya-dogru-tartismasi-uzerine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"en_EN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" 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d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ve insan ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6kta\u015f\u0131 \u00e7arpmas\u0131, kozmik olaylar, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, geneti\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f vir\u00fcsler, n\u00fckleer sava\u015flar vb. gibi nedenlerle b\u00fcy\u00fck tehdit alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funu belirterek insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u201cyok olmamak i\u00e7in uzayda ba\u015fka gezegenlerde ya\u015fam […]","og_url":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2020\/05\/02\/covid-19-salgini-ve-yeni-bir-dunyaya-dogru-tartismasi-uzerine\/","og_site_name":"Teori ve 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