{"id":1218,"date":"2020-05-02T15:56:29","date_gmt":"2020-05-02T12:56:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/?p=1218"},"modified":"2023-01-16T14:16:15","modified_gmt":"2023-01-16T11:16:15","slug":"abd-saglik-sistemi-ve-covid-19-tartismalari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2020\/05\/02\/abd-saglik-sistemi-ve-covid-19-tartismalari\/","title":{"rendered":"ABD sa\u011fl\u0131k sistemi ve covid-19 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ekim K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2020 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ocak ay\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan bu yana Covid-19 halklar\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle de i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 mahvetmeye devam ediyor. Uluslararas\u0131 anlamda pandeminin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan y\u00f6n\u00fc ekonomik ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131na ra\u011fmen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuvazinin baz\u0131 kesimlerinin bile benzer korku ve endi\u015feye sahip olmalar\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz durum, daha fazla i\u015f\u00e7i ve entelekt\u00fcel taraf\u0131ndan kapitalist ekonomik sistemin bir sa\u011fl\u0131k krizine cevap veremedi\u011finin g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi ve tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik e\u015fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir platform yaratt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD, 21 Nisan\u2019a kadar yap\u0131lan 4 milyon 162 bin 922 test sonucunda 815 bin 491 vakayla d\u00fcnyadaki hemen hemen vaka say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te bir oran\u0131na sahip olarak en \u00e7ok etkilenen \u00fclkelerden biri oldu. Bu tarihe kadar da hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybedenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 45 bin 97\u2019ye ula\u015ft\u0131. \u0130yile\u015fen hasta say\u0131s\u0131 ise 82 bin 620. Bu da her bir milyon n\u00fcfusa 2 bin 464 vaka ve 136 kay\u0131p anlam\u0131na geliyor.[1]<\/sup><\/a> Toplam vaka say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te biri New York Eyaletinden.[2]<\/sup><\/a> ABD\u2019de salg\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m h\u0131z\u0131yla yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fta gelen nedeni, buradaki pek \u00e7ok politik ve sosyal problemlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra zay\u0131f sa\u011fl\u0131k sistemidir. Pandemi, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fcts\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, p\u00fcriten \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ahlak\u0131yla birle\u015fen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bireyselle\u015fmenin feti\u015fle\u015fmesini, \u015firketlerin ve bankalar\u0131n insaf\u0131na terk edilmi\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131k sistemini, yayg\u0131n ve acil ruhsal sa\u011fl\u0131k problemlerini, evsizli\u011fi, yap\u0131sal \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, vah\u015fi end\u00fcstriyel hapishane komplekslerini, ayr\u0131ca a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 liberteryen b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f federal Amerikan politik d\u00fczeninin sorunlar\u0131n\u0131, milliyet\u00e7i i\u015flevselci ve k\u00f6r k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva etik\u00e7isi s\u00f6ylemlerin bo\u015flu\u011funu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kararak sistemi temelinden sarst\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pandemi, hali haz\u0131rda canlanmakta olan yeni bir krizin ve 2008 krizinin derinle\u015fen sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi amac\u0131yla sermaye i\u00e7in ve sermaye taraf\u0131ndan ekonomik \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada \u2018Allah\u2019\u0131n bir l\u00fbtfu\u2019 gibi geldi. K\u00fcrtaj hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli eyaletlerde gasp edilmesi, Ulusal \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u0130li\u015fkileri Kurulu (NLRB) taraf\u0131ndan sendika se\u00e7imlerinin ge\u00e7ersizle\u015ftirilmesi, Venez\u00fcella\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcdahaleci hareketlerin y\u00fckselmesi, D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcne (WHO) finansal deste\u011fin kesilmesi, ba\u015fkanl\u0131k y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fc karar\u0131yla g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn ask\u0131ya al\u0131nmas\u0131yla ilgili d\u00fczenleme beklentisi pandemi s\u00fcrecinin kimin lehine kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor.[3]<\/sup><\/a> Amerikan istisnac\u0131lar\u0131 bile \u015fiddetli tezatl\u0131klar\u0131yla y\u00fczle\u015fiyor. \u00c7in, Vietnam, G\u00fcney Kore, K\u00fcba gibi \u00fclkeler etkili tedbirler al\u0131yor. Rusya askeri hava kuvvetleri Birle\u015fik Devletlere sa\u011fl\u0131k malzemesi deste\u011fi yapt\u0131ktan sonra bir yard\u0131m eli de Vietnam\u2019a uzat\u0131yor. Bunun \u00fcst\u00fcne modern korsanl\u0131k olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bir \u015fekilde Birle\u015fik Devletler, Barbados\u2019a giden medikal ekipmana el koyuyor.[4]<\/sup><\/a> Ba\u015fkan Trump da pandeminin bir \u00c7in komplosu oldu\u011funu iddia edip \u00c7in\u2019i su\u00e7layarak sorumluluklar\u0131ndan ka\u00e7ma yolunu se\u00e7erek, \u00f6nceden beklenen salg\u0131n konusunda haz\u0131rl\u0131ks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gizlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Hatta Covid-19\u2019u \u2018\u00c7in Vir\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019 diye adland\u0131r\u0131yor.[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir b\u00fcrokrasiye sahip sendikalar\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ilere \u00f6nderlik edememesine ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetin \u2018vazge\u00e7ilmez i\u015fler\u2019deki i\u015f\u00e7iler i\u00e7in acil \u00f6nlemleri ihmal etmesine ra\u011fmen \u00f6zellikle sa\u011fl\u0131k emek\u00e7ileri ve lojistik i\u015f\u00e7ileri kendilerini hayati ve acil talepler i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele etmek zorunda hissediyor.[6]<\/sup><\/a> Bu anlamda son y\u0131llardaki i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 politikas\u0131 i\u00e7indeki dalgalanma etkisini kesinlikle g\u00f6stermektedir. \u201cHerkes i\u00e7in Sa\u011fl\u0131k Sigortas\u0131<\/em>\u201d gibi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetinin bir talep olarak ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin bile neredeyse \u015faka oldu\u011fu bir \u00fclkede salg\u0131n\u0131n Bernie Sanders kampanyas\u0131na denk gelmesiyle, evrensel sa\u011fl\u0131k hakk\u0131 halk\u0131n g\u00fcndeminin \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline geldi. Fakat hem\u015firelerin ki\u015fisel koruyucu malzeme eksikli\u011finden dolay\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7\u00f6p po\u015fetlerinden koruyucu \u00fcniforma yapmak zorunda kald\u0131klar\u0131 bir \u00fclkede, mecburi hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n hayat\u0131, \u201cmecburiden<\/em>\u201d de\u011fersize d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Herkes, hala politik elitlerin, utanmazca ve gayet a\u00e7\u0131k s\u00f6zl\u00fcl\u00fckle i\u015f\u00e7ileri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmseyen konu\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlamal\u0131.[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2 trilyon dolarl\u0131k te\u015fvik paketinin da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra bile s\u00f6z verilenle ger\u00e7ekte olan aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin, ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na 1200, \u00e7iftlere 2400 dolarl\u0131k yard\u0131m\u0131n New York ve California gibi pahal\u0131 eyaletlerde pek de anlaml\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u00fclkenin yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7te birinin ge\u00e7en ay \u00f6deyemedi\u011fi kiran\u0131n \u015fimdi  \u00f6denmesi gerekiyor, bu \u00e7eklerin neredeyse tamam\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6\u011frenci kredileri ve kiraya gidece\u011fi s\u00f6ylenebilir.[8]<\/sup><\/a>Ge\u00e7en yaz veya k\u0131\u015f\u0131n mezun olmu\u015f \u00f6\u011frenciler bu \u00e7eklerden faydalanamayacaklar. Bu ba\u011flamda, i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz yeni ve zorlu zamanlarda, bu felaket milenyum ve Z ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u201canlam, ahlak ve \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc hi\u00e7 yapmad\u0131klar\u0131 kadar sorgulayacaklar\u0131<\/em>\u201d bir tetikleyici olacakt\u0131r. G\u00fcney California \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden akademisyenlere g\u00f6re bu nesil, hayatlar\u0131n\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiren 11 Eyl\u00fcl, 2008 krizi, Amerika\u2019n\u0131n prestijinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden ev al\u0131m krizine, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmadan \u00f6\u011frencilerin bor\u00e7 bata\u011f\u0131nda ezilmesine kadar pek \u00e7ok aksakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tecr\u00fcbe etti.[9]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u0130RLE\u015e\u0130K DEVLETLER SA\u011eLIK S\u0130STEM\u0130NE B\u0130R BAKI\u015e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD t\u0131pk\u0131 Bat\u0131 Avrupa \u00fclkeleri gibi liberal demokrasinin h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc geli\u015fmi\u015f bir kapitalist \u00fclke.[10]<\/sup><\/a> Liberteryen anlamda bireysel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe bel ba\u011flayan ABD, g\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u015fleri organize etme anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve yap\u0131s\u0131yla sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri de dahil olmak \u00fczere her \u015feyi bireye b\u0131rak\u0131yor. Sa\u011fl\u0131k bireyin sorumlulu\u011fundad\u0131r, devletin veya toplumun de\u011fil. Bu bireysel bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u015fu s\u00f6ylenebilir ki Birle\u015fik Devletler en k\u00f6t\u00fc, \u00e7arp\u0131k ve en yetersiz sa\u011fl\u0131k sistemiyle birlikte d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Demokratlar\u0131n 2020 ba\u015fkanl\u0131k se\u00e7imlerinde \u00f6n se\u00e7im eski aday\u0131 Bernie Sanders\u2019\u0131n kampanyas\u0131yla acil bir tart\u0131\u015fma haline gelen sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmeti (Obamacare olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan 23 Mart 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda yasala\u015fm\u0131\u015f Hasta Koruma ve Uygun Bak\u0131m Yasas\u0131 haricinde) ABD\u2019de uzunca bir s\u00fcredir bir ayr\u0131cal\u0131k konusudur. Tam anlam\u0131yla bir sa\u011fl\u0131k sigortas\u0131na sahip olabilmek i\u00e7in tam zamanl\u0131 bir i\u015fe sahip olmak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1929 B\u00fcy\u00fck Bunal\u0131m\u0131\u2019ndan sonra ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Franklin Delano Roosevelt h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ve devlet kurumlar\u0131 \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 da kullanarak baz\u0131 Keynesyen politikalar\u0131 hayata ge\u00e7irdiler. 1942 senesinde, \u0130stikrar Yasas\u0131 \u201ci\u015fverenlerin verebilece\u011fi \u00fccret art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n miktar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rd\u0131, ancak ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan sigorta planlar\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilmesine izin verdi.<\/em>\u201d[11]<\/sup><\/a> 1949 y\u0131l\u0131nda i\u015fveren sosyal yard\u0131m programlar\u0131 toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131.[12]<\/sup><\/a> Ayn\u0131 s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda ABD Milli Gelirler Dairesi (IRS) \u201cSa\u011fl\u0131k sigortas\u0131 primlerine i\u015fveren katk\u0131lar\u0131 vergiden muaft\u0131, bu da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n cebinden daha az \u00f6deyece\u011fi<\/em>\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen bir karar verdi.[13]<\/sup><\/a> Roosevelt\u2019ten sonra, Ba\u015fkan Harry Truman Ak\u0131l Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ulusal Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc<\/em>\u2019n\u00fcn kurulu\u015fu say\u0131lan Ulusal Ak\u0131l Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 imzalad\u0131.[14]<\/sup><\/a> Johnson\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise Sa\u011fl\u0131k Sigortas\u0131 (Medicare) ve Sa\u011fl\u0131k Yard\u0131m\u0131 (Medicaid) programlar\u0131 1965 senesinde kuruldu. 1973 y\u0131l\u0131nda Koruyucu Sa\u011fl\u0131k Organizasyonu Yasas\u0131yla, Nixon h\u00fck\u00fcmeti sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kar anlay\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bir end\u00fcstriyel sisteme d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi i\u00e7in olanaklar\u0131 geni\u015fletti.[15]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obama ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ABD halk\u0131nda bozulan sa\u011fl\u0131k sisteminde iyile\u015ftirmeler konusunda umut uyand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Fakat geli\u015fen pazardan yararlananlar sigorta \u015firketleriydi. Obama\u2019n\u0131n reformlar\u0131, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ebeveynlerinin kapsam\u0131na almas\u0131na ve ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kapsam\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fleterek durumu biraz hafifletmesine ra\u011fmen, sigortas\u0131z olanlar vergi cezalar\u0131yla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131 ve y\u00fcksek indirimli planlara zorland\u0131.[16]<\/sup><\/a> 2016’dan bu yana, Trump h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, Obamacare’e olanak sa\u011flayan yasalar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirerek y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131rmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.[17]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00f6ylece sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00f6demelerindeki vergi y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc hafifletti\u011fi iddia edilse de sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ula\u015f\u0131labilirli\u011fini k\u0131s\u0131tlad\u0131.[18]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son d\u00f6nemde New York\u2019ta serbest s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan 800 bin insan var. Bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmelere g\u00f6re i\u015fveren, i\u015fin ge\u00e7ici ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 zamanl\u0131 olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k sigortas\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131rmak zorunda kalm\u0131yor. E\u011fer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kimse 32-33 saat civar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rsa bu tam zamanl\u0131 bir i\u015f olarak kabul ediliyor. Bu y\u00fczden, patronlar i\u015fsizlik ve eksik istihdam\u0131n ABD emek pazar\u0131nda ne kadar yayg\u0131n oldu\u011funu bildiklerinden i\u015f\u00e7ileri hi\u00e7bir korunman\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 esnek istihdama zorluyor. Bu durum da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k sa\u011fl\u0131k sistemindeki krizin neden ve nas\u0131l bu kadar derinle\u015fti\u011fini \u00e7ok iyi anlat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Di\u011fer bir \u00f6rnekse, i\u015fsiz say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 5 milyon daha artarak, ge\u00e7en ay i\u015fsizlik \u00f6dene\u011fine ba\u015fvuranlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 22 milyona ula\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ekonomi Politika Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’ne g\u00f6re, \u201cson d\u00f6rt hafta i\u00e7inde yakla\u015f\u0131k 9,2 milyon i\u015f\u00e7i i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmet kapsam\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015ftir.<\/em>\u201d[19]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neo-liberal politikalar i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 ve emek\u00e7ileri salg\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 daha korumas\u0131z b\u0131rakt\u0131. Fakat Trump y\u00f6netimi salg\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 az ya da \u00e7ok \u00f6nlem almaktansa ekonominin i\u015flemesine yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumda. Zaruri \u00f6nlemleri almaktan imtina ediyor. \u0130lgili otoritelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck itirazlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen Trump h\u00fck\u00fcmeti \u00fclkeyi 1 May\u0131s\u2019ta tekrar a\u00e7ma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde \u0131srarc\u0131.[20]<\/sup><\/a> \u00dclkeyi a\u00e7ma konusu 12 Nisan\u2019da da s\u00f6z konusu olmu\u015ftu.[21]<\/sup><\/a> Pek \u00e7ok politik ve ekonomik elit, \u201c\u00dclkeyi yok etmektense, korona vir\u00fcsten \u00f6lmeyi tercih ederim\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn destek\u00e7isi durumunda.[22]<\/sup><\/a> 2008 ekonomik krizini derinden tecr\u00fcbe eden \u00fclkelerden bir tanesi olarak ABD\u2019nin kapitalist sermaye birikimi konusundaki hassasl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, salg\u0131n daha fazla insan\u0131n \u00f6lmesine sebep oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin, American Prospect dergisinden bir makale, \u00e7\u0131kan te\u015fvik paketinde i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n pay\u0131na i\u015faret ediyor. 2 trilyon dolarl\u0131k paketin, 500 milyar dolar\u0131 \u015firketler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lacak. 75 milyar dolar\u0131ysa havayolu end\u00fcstrisi ve \u201cgizemli bir \u015fekilde adland\u0131r\u0131lan ulusal g\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7in baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli i\u015fkollar\u0131na<\/em>\u201d aktar\u0131lacak. Geriye kalan 425 milyar dolarsa federal rezervede 4,25 trilyon dolarl\u0131k kredi kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla kald\u0131ra\u00e7 vazifesi g\u00f6rmesi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lacak.[23]<\/sup><\/a> Dahas\u0131, turizm, restoran, emlak, otel, havayollar\u0131, bayiler (franchises) ve alkol firmalar\u0131 gibi 7 end\u00fcstriyel alandan daha fazla te\u015fvik i\u00e7in lobi yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.[24]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

KR\u0130ZE BA\u015eKA A\u00c7ILARDAN BAKI\u015e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krizin \u015fiddetini h\u0131zland\u0131ran sorunlar\u0131 listelememize ra\u011fmen bir anlam\u0131 olabilmesi i\u00e7in bunlar\u0131 bir kez daha g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmeliyiz. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bireyselle\u015fmenin feti\u015f haline getirilmesinin do\u011furdu\u011fu \u201cBeni ilgilendirmez, kimse benim i\u00e7in karar veremez<\/em>\u201d gibi, sosyal iyi olma halini ve dayan\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 umursamayan mantaliteden ba\u015flayabiliriz. Bu temel burjuva d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi ile iktidar krizi ve sa\u011fl\u0131k emek\u00e7ilerinin tavsiyelerini \u00f6nemsemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta pek \u00e7ok kimsenin sinirlerini bozdu. Ayn\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin farkl\u0131 bir a\u00e7\u0131dan ifadesi olan \u201cHerkes kendisi i\u00e7in<\/em>\u201d \u015fiar\u0131, bireysel temelli sa\u011fl\u0131k sisteminde daha geni\u015f bir bi\u00e7imde yank\u0131land\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Buna benzer bir bi\u00e7imde, \u201cBana ne<\/em>\u201dci<\/em> bireyselcilik, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ruhsal sa\u011fl\u0131k problemleri dahi ciddi akademik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar taraf\u0131ndan \u201cverili \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda bireyin fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 normal bir bi\u00e7imde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme kapasitesizli\u011fi<\/em>\u201d olarak de\u011ferlendirildi. Bu problemler \u00e7o\u011funlukla bunlara daha yatk\u0131n olan beyaz ve siyah fakir kesimde zengin tabakaya oranla daha fazla g\u00f6r\u00fclebiliyor.[25]<\/sup><\/a> \u00d6zellikle kriz zamanlar\u0131nda, i\u015fsizlikten kaynaklanan di\u011fer problemlerle ve evsizlikle birle\u015fince ak\u0131l sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 daha acil toplumsal dikkat gerektiriyor. Sosyal \u00e7evrelerine, ailelerine, dayan\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00fcvenen insanlar bir anda izole ediliyor, hapsediliyor, yard\u0131ms\u0131z kal\u0131yorlar. Di\u011fer taraftan, evsizlik, \u00f6zellikle \u00f6\u011frenci olanlar i\u00e7in okullar\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta tedirginlik kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu; gidecek ba\u015fka yeri olmayan pek \u00e7ok \u00fcniversite \u00f6\u011frencisi yurtlar\u0131ndan at\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n \u00fczerine, Amerikan de\u011ferlerinin bir di\u011fer y\u00f6n\u00fc olarak, sa\u011f kanat g\u00f6stericiler karavanlar\u0131yla, konfederasyon ve Nazi bayraklar\u0131yla yollar\u0131 kapat\u0131p, 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l Amerikan Devrimi\u2019nin slogan\u0131 olan \u201cYa bana \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc ver ya da \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc<\/em>\u201d diyerek karantinaya son verilmesi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapt\u0131. Amerikan ulusalc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer bir kanad\u0131nda duran liberallerse, asl\u0131nda \u201charcanabilir<\/em>\u201d g\u00f6z\u00fcyle bakt\u0131klar\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k emek\u00e7ilerini kahramanla\u015ft\u0131rarak, g\u0131da ve mecburi di\u011fer i\u015f kollar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 bir sava\u015ftaym\u0131\u015f gibi \u201cvazge\u00e7ilmez<\/em>\u201d, \u201c\u00f6nc\u00fc<\/em>\u201d ya da \u201caskerler<\/em>\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131p, onlar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne ve krizin derinle\u015fmesinde katk\u0131da bulundular. Liberal \u201cEvde kal<\/em>\u201d ve \u201cSosyal mesafeni koru<\/em>\u201d \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131nda bile d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesizlik ve netlik olmamas\u0131, salt k\u00f6r etik\u00e7ilik ve sahte erdemlili\u011fi g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Halihaz\u0131rda tehlikede olan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ve yoksullar\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131 \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ve toplumsal cinsiyetin etkisiyle de zorla\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumda.[26]<\/sup><\/a> \u00dclkede salg\u0131n\u0131n merkezi durumunda olan New York \u015fehrinde en \u00e7ok vaka ve \u00f6l\u00fcm yoksul i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 mahallelerinden gelmektedir.[27]<\/sup><\/a> Resmi rakamlara g\u00f6re \u00f6lenlerin y\u00fczde 34\u2019\u00fc \u0130spanyol k\u00f6kenli Hispanikler, y\u00fczde 28\u2019i siyah, y\u00fczde 27\u2019si beyaz, y\u00fczde 7\u2019si Asyal\u0131.[28]<\/sup><\/a> Ekonomik ve \u0131rksal yap\u0131ya g\u00f6re ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f mahalleler bu krizde \u00f6zellikle daha hassas konumda. Bu gruplar\u0131n s\u0131ras\u0131yla n\u00fcfusa da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131ysa \u015f\u00f6yle: y\u00fczde 29, 22, 32 ve 14. End\u00fcstriyel hapishane kompleksleri de krizde belirgin bir bi\u00e7imde \u015fekillenmi\u015f. Aktivist ve gazeteci Shaun King\u2019e g\u00f6re ABD, d\u00fcnyadaki, hapishane h\u00fccre say\u0131s\u0131, hastane yata\u011f\u0131ndan y\u00fczde 250 daha fazla olan tek \u00fclke.[29]<\/sup><\/a> Bu kompleks ba\u015fka bir yap\u0131sal \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6rne\u011fi durumundad\u0131r: \u201cBu \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 e\u015fitsizlikler hapishanelerdeki n\u00fcfusun y\u00fczde 40\u2019\u0131n\u0131 fakat d\u0131\u015far\u0131dakilerin y\u00fczde 13\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc temsil eden siyah Amerikal\u0131lar i\u00e7in kesindir<\/em>.\u201d[30]<\/sup><\/a> Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle Covid-19\u2019un en y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkisini g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi yerlerin genellikle siyah mahalleler ve kasabalar olmas\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fil.[31]<\/sup><\/a> Irksal \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerin \u00f6tesinde kad\u0131n mahkum oran\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi daha fazlad\u0131r: \u201cAyn\u0131 durum mahpusluk oran\u0131 on y\u0131llard\u0131r erkeklerden daha fazla artan kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. Parmakl\u0131klar arkas\u0131nda olmalar\u0131n\u0131n bir nedeni kefalet bedelini \u00f6demekteki finansal engellerdir.<\/em>\u201d[32]<\/sup><\/a> Pandemi s\u00fcresince, halihaz\u0131rda ev i\u00e7i \u015fiddet ya\u015fayan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n evlere hapsolmas\u0131 kamuoyu ve medyan\u0131n dikkatini hemen hemen hi\u00e7 \u00e7ekmemektedir. \u0130laveten LGBTQ n\u00fcfusu da ayn\u0131 \u015fiddet davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ma\u011fdurudur. Onlar da y\u00fckselen Covid-19\u2019un yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k, evsizlik ve di\u011fer ekonomik problemlere kar\u015f\u0131 ma\u011fdur konumdalar.[33]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zellikle ula\u015f\u0131m, g\u0131da ve market \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da vaka ve \u00f6l\u00fcm bulunmaktad\u0131r.[34]<\/sup><\/a> Koruyucu malzeme eksikli\u011fi ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetin i\u015f\u00e7ilere kar\u015f\u0131 olan sahte takdiri, onlar\u0131 depolardan hastanelere pek \u00e7ok i\u015fyerinde eylem yapmak zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131yor. Pandemi ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan bu yana y\u00fczden fazla i\u015f\u00e7i eylemi kayda ge\u00e7ti.[35]<\/sup><\/a> Bu eylemlerden en benzersiz olan\u0131 General Elektrik i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin fabrikalar\u0131n\u0131n ventilat\u00f6r \u00fcretimine ge\u00e7mesi talebiyle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 eylemdi.[36]<\/sup><\/a> Her \u015feyin \u00f6tesinde, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin bu eylemlerine gen\u00e7 i\u015f\u00e7i ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nderlik etmi\u015ftir. Bu anlamda, pandemi sonras\u0131nda geli\u015fecek i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 m\u00fccadelesine hangi neslin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck edece\u011fine dair bir i\u015faret g\u00f6rebiliyoruz. Fakat ayn\u0131 \u015feyi gen\u00e7lik m\u00fccadelesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan s\u00f6yleyebilmek olduk\u00e7a zor g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc uzaktan e\u011fitim 2020 sonbahar\u0131na hatta daha da \u00f6teye sarkabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neticede, kriz \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fcd\u00fcr ve t\u00fcm m\u00fccadeleler Birle\u015fik Devletler halk\u0131 ile i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n acil taleplerini yans\u0131t\u0131r. Fakat pandemiye kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele, 2020 Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Se\u00e7imleri\u2019ne do\u011fru demokratlar ve cumhuriyet\u00e7iler aras\u0131ndaki politik m\u00fccadeleyle \u015fekilleniyor. Illinois, New York ve di\u011fer birka\u00e7 eyaletin valileri, Ba\u015fkan Trump’\u0131 Savunma \u00dcretim Yasas\u0131’n\u0131 kullanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ele\u015ftirdi. Bu geli\u015fme federal ve eyalet fay hatlar\u0131yla birlikte demokratlar ve cumhuriyet\u00e7iler aras\u0131ndaki gerginli\u011fe bir \u00f6rnek olarak verilebilir.[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u00d6rne\u011fin baz\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck eyaletler 1 May\u0131s\u2019ta karantinay\u0131 sonland\u0131rmay\u0131 taahh\u00fct ederken, New York ve Kaliforniya buna kar\u015f\u0131 durmaktad\u0131r, federal h\u00fck\u00fcmetse karantinan\u0131n uzat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu b\u0131rakmamaya niyetlenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SONU\u00c7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131k yok oldu\u011fu veya \u00f6zelliklerinin de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi so\u011fuk sava\u015f teorisyeni liberal ayd\u0131nlar taraf\u0131ndan eskiden beri tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lagelmi\u015f bir konudur. Kamusal alanda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuvazi ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst tabakalar\u0131n\u0131n bask\u0131n olmas\u0131ndan kaynakl\u0131, ortada aldat\u0131c\u0131 bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm vard\u0131. \u015eu da not edilmeli ki, ABD ve Bat\u0131 Avrupa i\u00e7in bunun bir ba\u015fka sebebi de emperyalist s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc mekanizmas\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00fclkelerden art\u0131-de\u011ferin transfer edilmesi ve i\u015f\u00e7i aristokrasinin bundan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 payd\u0131r. Bu so\u011fuk sava\u015f arg\u00fcman\u0131 zaten uzun zamand\u0131r g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fini kaybetmi\u015fti, Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131yla birlikte parampar\u00e7a oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birle\u015fik Devletler, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n otob\u00fcsleri, metrolar\u0131, fabrikalar\u0131, depolar\u0131, i\u015fyerlerini ve i\u015fsizlik kuyruklar\u0131n\u0131 doldurmas\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuvazinin sokaklardan \u00e7ekildi\u011fi yani takkenin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp kelin g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle, kral \u00e7\u0131plak dendi\u011fi bir s\u00fcreci ya\u015f\u0131yor. Bir taraftan i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 kesimlerinin \u2018vazge\u00e7ilmezler\u2019, \u2018kahramanlar\u2019 diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan mevcut sistemin i\u00e7 y\u00fcz\u00fc, s\u0131n\u0131flar \u00e7eli\u015fkisinin bir ba\u015fka kesin g\u00f6stergesi olarak, \u201ci\u015f\u00e7ilerin hayat\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6nemi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\/em>\u201d vazge\u00e7ilmezlere gerekli koruyucu malzemeyi sa\u011flayamamakla a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa vuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ve sistemin durumu netle\u015ftik\u00e7e Ba\u015fkan Donald Trump karantinan\u0131n kalkmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyen sa\u011f kanat g\u00f6stericileri destekledi. ABD siyasi sistemindeki kutupla\u015fma Demokratlar ve Cumhuriyet\u00e7iler aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7e\u015fitli anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar temelinde derinle\u015firken, Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k, yakla\u015fan se\u00e7imler i\u00e7in krizden yararlanma bi\u00e7imi olarak kendi destek\u00e7ilerini toplay\u0131p aktive ederek \u2018h\u00fck\u00fcmete kar\u015f\u0131 vatanda\u015f\u2019 foto\u011fraf\u0131 vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor ve b\u00f6ylece \u2018\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc\u2019 bir tutumun adresi haline geldi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fakat h\u00fck\u00fcmetin karantinan\u0131n bitmesi konusundaki ifadeleri, i\u015f\u00e7ileri k\u0131zd\u0131rmaya devam ediyor \u00fclkedeki havay\u0131 da bir yandan korku di\u011fer yandan da kinle dolduruyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a>  United States. (n.d.) https:\/\/www.worldometers.info\/coronavirus\/country\/us\/<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 21.04.2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Age.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> Smith, K. (2020) Abortion-rights groups sue Texas over abortion ban amid coronavirus outbreak. https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/abortion-rights-planned-parenthood-lawsuit-texas-non-essential-ban\/?fbclid=IwAR2biSYvfz_dejWzV5P1bzlwQBCm24yeV5zmrmt9klpVFcoE8-tpUynR8hI<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020); In Midst of a Pandemic, Trump’s NLRB Makes it Nearly Impossible for Workers to Organize a Union. (n.d.) https:\/\/portside.org\/2020-04-02\/midst-pandemic-trumps-nlrb-makes-it-nearly-impossible-workers-organize-union?fbclid=IwAR24Xbuzw2sHuLdM155e96xVuX6RntvpQgsDLOMIxbMhLM57Z2H570q8M7I<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020); Borger, J. (2020) US ignores calls to suspend Venezuela and Iran sanctions amid coronavirus pandemic. https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/mar\/31\/us-ignores-global-appeals-suspend-sanctions-coronavirus-pandemic-iran-venezuela<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020); Sullivan, P. (2020) Trump WHO cuts meet with furious blowback. https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/healthcare\/492997-trump-who-cuts-meet-with-furious-blowback<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020); Stelloh, T., Welker, K., Pettypiece, S., & Bennett, G. (2020) Trump says he is suspending immigration over coronavirus, need to protect jobs. https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/politics\/donald-trump\/trump-says-he-suspending-immigration-over-coronavirus-need-protect-jobs-n1188416?fbclid=IwAR1GpqyKHb9TJHPDs4f5yQSq8jAu9ui4N-S2CByFRp9mdVE_qGy9sADrYwM<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> Lisnoff, H. (2020) American Exceptionalism in the Face of Covid-19. https:\/\/www.counterpunch.org\/2020\/04\/09\/american-exceptionalism-in-the-face-of-covid-19\/<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020); Kuttner, R. (2020) The End of American Exceptionalism. https:\/\/prospect.org\/coronavirus\/the-end-of-american-exceptionalism\/<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020); Rudnitsky, J. (2020) https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2020-04-01\/putin-sends-military-plane-with-coronavirus-aid-to-help-u-s<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020); Sweeney, S. (2020) Vietnam ships 450,000 protective suits for U.S. health care workers. https:\/\/www.peoplesworld.org\/article\/vietnam-ships-450000-protective-suits-for-u-s-health-care-workers\/?fbclid=IwAR3cV9CBQMWO-TS1ehCi_rXl5jhmqXDO31gv35qz9P9oSYupMg6Ki6a49Lg<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020); Monday, A. (2020) US accused of ‘modern piracy’ after seizing ventilators bound for Barbados. https:\/\/morningstaronline.co.uk\/article\/w\/us-accused-modern-piracy-after-seizing-ventilators-bound-barbados<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> Tisdall, S. (2020) Trump is playing a deadly game in deflecting Covid-19 blame to China. https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/commentisfree\/2020\/apr\/19\/trump-is-playing-a-deadly-game-in-deflecting-covid-19-blame-to-china<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> Chediac, J. (2020) Essential worker strike wave: ‘We fight COVID-19 for ourselves &… https:\/\/www.liberationnews.org\/essential-worker-strike-wave-we-fight-for-ourselves-and-for-the-public\/?fbclid=IwAR3aVocvBL2JZCLrY04peKRVpMR3UyHc2fbgqfw6OATRFp7IYc0JVWONzz4<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> Montanaro, D. (2016) Hillary Clinton’s ‘Basket Of Deplorables,’ In Full Context Of This Ugly Campaign. https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2016\/09\/10\/493427601\/hillary-clintons-basket-of-deplorables-in-full-context-of-this-ugly-campaign<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020); Gruenberg, M. (2019) GOP lawmaker’s idiotic remark about nurses goes viral and backfires. https:\/\/www.peoplesworld.org\/article\/gop-lawmakers-idiotic-remark-about-nurses-goes-viral-and-backfires\/<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020); Alternet. (2019) When the GOP uses the word “bartender” to mock Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, it shows its ugly classism. https:\/\/www.salon.com\/2019\/04\/09\/when-the-gop-uses-the-word-bartender-to-mock-alexandria-ocasio-cortez-it-shows-its-ugly-classism_partner\/<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> Bahney, A. (2020) New data shows more Americans are having trouble paying their rent. https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2020\/04\/09\/business\/americans-rent-payment-trnd\/index.html<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> Polakovic, G. (2020) How does coronavirus affect young people’s psyches? https:\/\/news.usc.edu\/167275\/how-does-coronavirus-affect-young-people-psyches\/<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> The Economist Intelligence Unit. (tarih yok) https:\/\/www.eiu.com\/topic\/democracy-index<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> Scofea, L. A. (1994) The development and growth of employer-provided health insurance. Monthly Labor Review<\/em>, 3\u201310. https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/mlr\/1994\/03\/art1full.pdf<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> Age.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> How did we end up with health insurance being tied to our jobs? (2019) https:\/\/www.marketplace.org\/2017\/06\/28\/how-did-we-end-health-insurance-being-tied-our-jobs\/<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (2017) https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/about-nih\/what-we-do\/nih-almanac\/national-institute-mental-health-nimh<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> Gruber, L. R., Maureen, S., & Polich, C. L. (1988) From Movement To Industry: The Growth Of HMOs. https:\/\/www.healthaffairs.org\/doi\/full\/10.1377\/hlthaff.7.3.197<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> Amadeo, K. (2019) Pros and Cons of Obamacare. https:\/\/www.thebalance.com\/obamacare-pros-and-cons-3306059<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> Simmons-Duffin, S. (2019) Trump Is Trying Hard To Thwart Obamacare. How’s That Going? https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/health-shots\/2019\/10\/14\/768731628\/trump-is-trying-hard-to-thwart-obamacare-hows-that-going<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> Gonzales, R. (2019) Trump Bars Immigrants Who Cannot Pay For Health Care. https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2019\/10\/04\/767453276\/trump-bars-immigrants-who-cannot-pay-for-health-care<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> 9.2 million workers likely lost their employer-provided health insurance in the past four weeks. (2020) https:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/9-2-million-workers-likely-lost-their-employer-provided-health-insurance-in-the-past-four-weeks\/<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Trump’s plans to reopen the country face major obstacles. (2020) https:\/\/www.politico.com\/news\/2020\/04\/18\/trump-reopen-country-coronavirus-193182<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Harris, J. F. (2020) ‘I’d love to have it open by Easter’: Trump says he wants to restart economy by mid-April. https:\/\/www.politico.com\/news\/2020\/03\/24\/trump-wants-to-restart-economy-by-mid-april-146398<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Samuels, A. (2020) Dan Patrick says “there are more important things than living and that’s saving this country”. https:\/\/www.texastribune.org\/2020\/04\/21\/texas-dan-patrick-economy-coronavirus\/<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020); Fredericks, B. (2020) Congressman says US should reopen economy – even if more would die. https:\/\/nypost.com\/2020\/04\/15\/lawmaker-says-us-should-reopen-economy-even-if-more-will-die\/<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020); Concha, J. (2020) Glenn Beck: ‘I’d rather die’ from coronavirus ‘than kill the country’ from economic shutdown. https:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/media\/489472-glenn-beck-id-rather-die-from-coronavirus-than-kill-the-country-from-economic<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> Dayen, D. (2020) Unsanitized: Bailouts, A Tradition Unlike Any Other. https:\/\/prospect.org\/api\/amp\/coronavirus\/unsanitized-bailouts-tradition-unlike-any-other\/<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> Gangitano, A. (2020) 7 industries lobbying for more stimulus. https:\/\/thehill.com\/business-a-lobbying\/business-a-lobbying\/490736-7-industries-lobbying-for-more-stimulus<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> Baran, P. A. & Sweezy, P. M. (2020) The Quality of Monopoly Capitalist Society: Mental Health. Monthly Review.<\/em> Volume 71. Pg. 41-43. (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> Conn, M., Kelly, J., & Heimpel, D. (2020) Lack of Shelter Beds in New York for LGBTQ Youth During Pandemic, https:\/\/chronicleofsocialchange.org\/coronavirus\/lgbtq-youth-struggle-for-shelter-from-coronavirus\/41999?fbclid=IwAR0Rko479SG4K9eBvZZTWNXVZxo0Xa4HYpxoyUSNYc-xhWUD2Ri0GO35B80<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Virus Hits NYC Hardest in a Few Working-Class Neighborhoods (2020) https:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/health-news\/articles\/2020-04-02\/coronavirus-hits-harder-in-poorer-nyc-neighborhoods<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Workbook: NYS-COVID19-Tracker (2020) https:\/\/covid19tracker.health.ny.gov\/views\/NYS-COVID19-Tracker\/NYSDOHCOVID-19Tracker-Fatalities?:embed=yes&:toolbar=no&:tabs=n<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> Shaun King: The United States is the Only Nation in the World with 250% More Prison Cells Than Hospital Beds (2020) https:\/\/www.thenorthstar.com\/shaun-king-the-united-states-is-the-only-nation-in-the-world-with-250-more-prison-cells-than-hospital-beds\/<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> Sawyer, W., & Wagner, P. (2020) Mass Incarceration: The Whole Pie 2020. https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/reports\/pie2020.html<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> Johnson, A., & Buford, T. (2020) Early Data Shows African Americans Have Contracted and Died of… https:\/\/www.propublica.org\/article\/early-data-shows-african-americans-have-contracted-and-died-of-coronavirus-at-an-alarming-rate<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Age.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> Conn, M., Kelly, J., & Heimpel, D. (2020) Lack of Shelter Beds in New York for LGBTQ Youth During Pandemic. https:\/\/chronicleofsocialchange.org\/coronavirus\/lgbtq-youth-struggle-for-shelter-from-coronavirus\/41999?fbclid=IwAR0Rko479SG4K9eBvZZTWNXVZxo0Xa4HYpxoyUSNYc-xhWUD2Ri0GO35B80<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> Chediac, J. (2020) Essential worker strike wave, https:\/\/www.liberationnews.org\/essential-worker-strike-wave-we-fight-for-ourselves-and-for-the-public\/?fbclid=IwAR3aVocvBL2JZCLrY04peKRVpMR3UyHc2fbgqfw6OATRFp7IYc0JVWONzz4<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Elk, M. (2020) COVID-19 Strike Wave Interactive Map, https:\/\/paydayreport.com\/covid-19-strike-wave-interactive-map\/?fbclid=IwAR0hqgq8wEeYT-Y8VRFcaJocbzRNd4vb_13bd32_3fZFxqYv3OO7gf6uynQ<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> GE Workers Protest, Demand to Make Ventilators (2020) https:\/\/labornotes.org\/blogs\/2020\/04\/ge-workers-protest-demand-make-ventilators?fbclid=IwAR2_qnmATx97jmyVzESlZ_B7KGce1YtQV4uH86rHXxHEOs3s1G0r-ygXF1w<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> Trump, Facing Criticism, Says He Will Increase Swab Production (2020) https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/04\/19\/us\/coronavirus-updates.html<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 25.04.2020)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ekim K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 2020 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ocak ay\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan bu yana Covid-19 halklar\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle de i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 mahvetmeye devam ediyor. Uluslararas\u0131 anlamda pandeminin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan y\u00f6n\u00fc ekonomik ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131na ra\u011fmen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuvazinin baz\u0131 kesimlerinin bile benzer korku ve endi\u015feye sahip olmalar\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz durum, daha fazla i\u015f\u00e7i ve entelekt\u00fcel taraf\u0131ndan kapitalist ekonomik sistemin bir sa\u011fl\u0131k krizine cevap veremedi\u011finin g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi ve tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1219,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,376,305],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1218","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yazilar","category-dunya","category-ekim-kilic"],"yoast_head":"\nABD sa\u011fl\u0131k sistemi ve covid-19 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2020\/05\/02\/abd-saglik-sistemi-ve-covid-19-tartismalari\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"en_EN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ABD sa\u011fl\u0131k sistemi ve covid-19 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ekim K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 2020 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ocak ay\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan bu yana Covid-19 halklar\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle de i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 mahvetmeye devam ediyor. 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