{"id":1135,"date":"2020-03-17T00:10:25","date_gmt":"2020-03-16T21:10:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/?p=1135"},"modified":"2023-01-18T12:42:36","modified_gmt":"2023-01-18T09:42:36","slug":"kadinlarin-ezilmesinin-kokeninde-ne-var-sorusuyla-yanitlanacak-soru-8-mart-kimin-gunu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2020\/03\/17\/kadinlarin-ezilmesinin-kokeninde-ne-var-sorusuyla-yanitlanacak-soru-8-mart-kimin-gunu\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ezilmesinin k\u00f6keninde ne var\u2019 sorusuyla yan\u0131tlanacak soru: 8 Mart kimin g\u00fcn\u00fc?"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<p><strong>Sevda Karaca<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>2020 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ocak ay\u0131nda medyadan derlenen haberler en az 27 kad\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiddet sonucu ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi\u011fini ortaya koyuyor. 2010 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana her y\u0131l bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131ldan daha fazla kad\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. (2010\u2019da 180, 2011\u2019de 121, 2012\u2019de 210, 2013\u2019te 237, 2014\u2019te 293, 2015\u2019te 303, 2016\u2019da 328, 2017\u2019de 409, 2018\u2019de 440) Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l bu rakam 474\u2019e ula\u015ft\u0131. Kad\u0131n Cinayetlerini Durduraca\u011f\u0131z Platformu\u2019nun verilerine g\u00f6re kad\u0131nlar\u0131n 292\u2019si evinde \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc, bu rakam 2019\u2019da \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen kad\u0131nlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 61\u2019ine tekab\u00fcl ediyor. Veriler bize kad\u0131nlar\u0131n evin i\u00e7i ve yak\u0131n \u00e7evresinde \u015fiddete u\u011frama olas\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n, sokakta \u015fiddete maruz kalma ihtimalinden \u00e7ok daha fazla oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor.<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilere g\u00f6re, son 5 y\u0131lda 1 milyon 15 bin 337 farkl\u0131 kad\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddet olay\u0131nda toplam 1890 kad\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n 94\u2019\u00fc devlet korumas\u0131 alt\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti.<\/li>\r\n<li>2011\u2019den bu yana \u0130stanbul S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019ne, 2012\u2019den sonra da 6284 say\u0131l\u0131 \u015fiddet yasas\u0131na ve 2013\u2019ten itibaren \u015fiddet yasas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netmeli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131 kampanyalar\u0131 artarak devam ediyor. Bu kampanyalarla ayn\u0131 do\u011frultuda kad\u0131n cinayetlerinin de artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.<\/li>\r\n<li>Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Fuat Oktay\u2019\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilere g\u00f6re 7 y\u0131lda 514 bin ki\u015fi \u015eiddeti \u00d6nleme Merkezi\u2019ne ba\u015fvurdu. Yani T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de her 7,5 dakikada 1 kad\u0131n, \u015fiddete u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u015eiddeti \u00d6nleme Merkezi\u2019ne (\u015e\u00d6N\u0130M) geldi. Bu merkezlere gelemeyen veya bu merkezlerden haberi olmayan kad\u0131nlar\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde tablo a\u011f\u0131rla\u015f\u0131yor. \u015e\u00d6N\u0130M\u2019lerin de ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu Kad\u0131n\u0131n Stat\u00fcs\u00fc Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ise bakanl\u0131k b\u00fct\u00e7esinden y\u00fczde 1 pay ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, bu kad\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na 3 lira demek!<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0130\u015fyerinde \u015fiddet ise en az g\u00f6r\u00fcnen \u015fiddet bi\u00e7imi. Nesnelli\u011fe yakla\u015facak herhangi bir veri bile yok bu \u015fiddet t\u00fcr\u00fcne ili\u015fkin.<\/li>\r\n<li>2018 A\u011fustos ay\u0131ndan bu yana istihdam 975 bin azald\u0131. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde i\u015fsiz say\u0131s\u0131 726 bin ki\u015fi artt\u0131. Dar tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsiz say\u0131s\u0131 4 milyon 396 bine y\u00fckselirken, geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizlik 7 milyonun \u00fczerinde. Ocak ay\u0131 istatistiklerine g\u00f6re toplam i\u015fsizlerin y\u00fczde 29,3\u2019\u00fc 15-24 ya\u015f aras\u0131 gen\u00e7lerden olu\u015fuyor. G\u00fcnden g\u00fcne artan gen\u00e7 kad\u0131n i\u015fsizli\u011fi bir y\u0131lda y\u00fczde 27,2\u2019den y\u00fczde 32,9\u2019a \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Ne e\u011fitimde ne istihdamda olan gen\u00e7 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 3 bu\u00e7uk milyonu a\u015ft\u0131. Nisan 2018\u2019den itibaren ekonomik kriz s\u00fcrecinde 15-34 ya\u015f grubu \u00fcniversiteli i\u015fsiz say\u0131s\u0131 222 bin ki\u015fi artt\u0131. (Gen\u00e7 \u0130\u015fsizler Platformu, \u015eubat 2020 raporu) \u00dcniversite mezunu 752 bin kad\u0131n i\u015fsiz.<\/li>\r\n<li>2019 y\u0131l\u0131 Ocak ay\u0131nda, 15 ya\u015f ve daha yukar\u0131 ya\u015ftaki 30 milyon 865 bin kad\u0131n\u0131n sadece 8 milyon 661 bini \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma imkan\u0131 buldu. Bir di\u011fer ifadeyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki kad\u0131nlar\u0131n sadece y\u00fczde 28,1\u2019i \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabildi.<\/li>\r\n<li>Kad\u0131nlar y\u00fczde 56,1 oranla en \u00e7ok hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde toplam istihdam oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 19,4, erkek istihdam oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 15,4, kad\u0131n istihdam oran\u0131 ise y\u00fczde 28,3. Kad\u0131n oran\u0131n\u0131n en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu sekt\u00f6r sanayi. Sanayi sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde toplam istihdam oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 26,5 iken, erkek istihdam oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 31,4, kad\u0131n istihdam oran\u0131 ise y\u00fczde 15,6.\u00a0(T\u00dc\u0130K 2019)<\/li>\r\n<li>Kad\u0131n Eme\u011fi ve \u0130stihdam\u0131 Giri\u015fimi (KE\u0130G) Platformu\u2019ndan Do\u00e7. Dr. Emel Memi\u015f\u2019in resmi verileri analiz ederek haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgi notu, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de her 10 hanenin 4\u2019\u00fcnde hi\u00e7 tam zamanl\u0131 ve \u00fccretli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyor. Bu nota g\u00f6re, kad\u0131nlar daha az oranda tam zamanl\u0131 ve \u00fccretli i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor, erkeklerden de daha az kazan\u0131yor.\u00a0<\/li>\r\n<li>Yoksul hanelerde \u00fccretli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan erkeklerin y\u00fczde 60.2\u2019si, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ise y\u00fczde 32.9\u2019u tam zamanl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Yoksul hanelerde tam zamanl\u0131 \u00fccretli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131nlar ve erkekler aras\u0131ndaki \u00fccret fark\u0131 da b\u00fcy\u00fcyor. Erkeklerin ortalama ayl\u0131k \u00fccreti 1072 lira iken, kad\u0131nlar\u0131nki 682 lira. (T\u00dc\u0130K Gelir ve Ya\u015fam Ko\u015fullar\u0131 2018 anketi)<\/li>\r\n<li>Son sekiz y\u0131lda sanayideki \u00fccretli oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 43,6\u2019dan y\u00fczde 35,6\u2019ya indi. Erime y\u00fczde 20 civar\u0131nda. \u00dccretli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 43\u2019e yak\u0131n\u0131 hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturan i\u015f kollar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131nda, kad\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 erkeklerin \u00fczerinde. Yo\u011fun i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karmalar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 sanayinin kalbi imalatta ise kad\u0131n-erkek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan oran\u0131ndaki fark azal\u0131yor; 2010\u2019da fark 7.7 puanken, 2014\u2019te 7.6\u2019ya, 2018\u2019de ise 6.4\u2019e kadar d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Her sekt\u00f6r ve e\u011fitim d\u00fczeyinde kad\u0131n-erkek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar aras\u0131ndaki \u00fccret fark\u0131 y\u00fczde 15-25 aras\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<a href=\"#_ftn1\">[1]<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li>\u00d6zellikle kad\u0131nlar\u0131n yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 hizmet alan\u0131nda \u201c<em>g\u00fcvencesizlik ve geleceksizlik<\/em>\u201d ciddi bir belirleyen olarak \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za. Bu sekt\u00f6r giderek daha fazla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretin, \u00f6rg\u00fcts\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn, g\u00fcvencesizli\u011fin alan\u0131 haline geliyor.\u00a0<\/li>\r\n<li>Kriz d\u00f6nemindeki ekonomik daralma ve giderlerdeki art\u0131\u015f, ayn\u0131 zamanda i\u015f arayan kad\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131yor. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n i\u015f talebinin y\u00fckseldi\u011fi bu durumlarda resmi i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 da y\u00fckseliyor. Kad\u0131nlar i\u015fsizlik, y\u00fckselen fiyatlar, azalan \u00fccretler, hane halk\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 idame ettirmenin zorla\u015fmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yeni ayakta kalma stratejileri geli\u015ftirmek zorunda kal\u0131yorlar. Bu, ev i\u00e7i bak\u0131m y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmaz bir hale getiriyor.<\/li>\r\n<li>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 9.3 milyon \u00e7ocuktan sadece 96 bini devlet kre\u015flerinden faydalanabiliyor. D\u0130SK-AR\u2019\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na g\u00f6re kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ilerin sadece y\u00fczde 2\u2019si i\u015fyerlerinde kre\u015f oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin sadece y\u00fczde 7\u2019si i\u015fyerinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kre\u015f anla\u015fmas\u0131 ve kre\u015f deste\u011finden yararlanabiliyor. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin y\u00fczde 86\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fyerlerinde hi\u00e7bir \u00e7ocuk bak\u0131m deste\u011fi yok.<a href=\"#_ftn2\">[2]<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li>T\u00fcrkiye \u0130statistik Kurumu\u2019na (T\u00dc\u0130K) g\u00f6re Ekim 2018-Ekim 2019 aras\u0131 632 bin kad\u0131n \u201c<em>ev kad\u0131n\u0131<\/em>\u201d oldu. \u201c<em>Ev i\u015fleriyle me\u015fgul<\/em>\u201d oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc i\u00e7inde bile say\u0131lmayan bu kad\u0131nlar\u0131n bir y\u0131l \u00f6nceki durumlar\u0131 incelendi\u011finde, \u201c<em>ge\u00e7ici ve k\u0131r\u0131lgan<\/em>\u201d diye nitelendirilen esnek ve g\u00fcvencesiz ko\u015fullarda i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131<a href=\"#_ftn3\">[3]<\/a>, bug\u00fcn \u201c<em>ev i\u015fleriyle me\u015fgul<\/em>\u201d olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in eve d\u00f6nmelerinin bir tercih de\u011fil, zorunluluk oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n kad\u0131nlara \u201c<em>getirisinin<\/em>\u201d giderek azalmas\u0131, hane bak\u0131m y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn giderek daha \u2018masrafl\u0131\u2019 hale gelmesi bu zorunlulu\u011fun \u00f6nemli bir y\u00f6n\u00fc.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Yaln\u0131zca bu istatistik tablosu de\u011fil, g\u00fcndelik hayat\u0131n i\u00e7indeki sohbetlerde, arkada\u015f bulu\u015fmalar\u0131nda, otob\u00fcslerde, akraba ziyaretlerinde ve 8 Mart \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in mahalle mahalle, i\u015fyeri i\u015fyeri, kamp\u00fcs kamp\u00fcs yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bulu\u015fmalardaki tart\u0131\u015fmalar 2020 T\u00fcrkiyesi\u2019nde kad\u0131nlar\u0131n en \u00f6nemli g\u00fcndemlerinin \u015fiddet, ekonomik kriz, i\u015fsizlik, yoksulluk ve ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fcst\u00fcnde kalan, zaten kullan\u0131lamayan haklar\u0131n\u0131n dahi hedefe konmas\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>BU TABLOYU ORTAYA \u00c7IKARAN NE?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Sermaye, 1970\u2019lerin sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n, u\u011fruna birka\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca m\u00fccadele ederek kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn haklar\u0131, askeri darbeler ve sava\u015flar da d\u00e2hil her t\u00fcrl\u00fc arac\u0131 kullanarak tasfiye etti. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn her noktas\u0131nda kendisine tam serbestlik ve mutlak egemenlik sa\u011flayan neoliberal program\u0131 hayata ge\u00e7irdi, k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeyde, sadece iktisadi yap\u0131lar\u0131 de\u011fil b\u00fct\u00fcn kurumsal ve toplumsal pratikleri sermayenin \u00f6ncelikleri etraf\u0131nda yeniden \u00f6rg\u00fctleyerek d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Neoliberalizm eme\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, hem \u00fcretim mek\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesinde yeni bir uluslararas\u0131 i\u015fb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc yaratarak (\u00fcretimin a\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnerek, i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn daha ucuz oldu\u011fu farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelere ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131, kimi yerlerde t\u00fcm\u00fcyle kurals\u0131z serbest \u00fcretim b\u00f6lgelerinin in\u015fas\u0131 gibi) hem de \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme ya da kapatma yoluyla kamu iktisadi varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tasfiye edip pe\u015fke\u015f \u00e7ekerek, ta\u015feronlu\u011fu ve k\u0131smi s\u00fcreli istihdam bi\u00e7imlerini yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015fti. Bu sald\u0131r\u0131, geli\u015fmi\u015f kapitalist \u00fclkelerde oldu\u011fu kadar, T\u00fcrkiye gibi ge\u00e7 kapitalistle\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde de i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc kesimlerinin k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 i\u015f g\u00fcvencesini, \u00fccret d\u0131\u015f\u0131 baz\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 haklar\u0131n\u0131 tarumar ederek art\u0131k t\u00fcm\u00fcyle g\u00fcvencesizlikle karakterize edilen yeni bir i\u015f\u00e7ile\u015fme dalgas\u0131 yaratt\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u201c<em>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fam\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 yasal haklar, i\u015f g\u00fcvencesizli\u011fi, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretler, uzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri, y\u00fcksek i\u015f kazas\u0131 ve meslek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 riski<\/em>\u201d do\u011furan g\u00fcvencesizlik, bug\u00fcn neoliberalizm ko\u015fullar\u0131nda t\u00fcm ya\u015famsal faaliyetlerimizi belirleyen bir etken haline geldi. Neoliberal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu dramatik alt-\u00fcst olu\u015flar, g\u00fcvencesizli\u011fin yaln\u0131zca \u201c<em>i\u015f<\/em>\u201d, \u201c<em>\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma<\/em>\u201d alanlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, ya\u015fam\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc belirleyen bir olgu haline getirdi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Kad\u0131nlar, h\u0131zla ve artan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde bu dalgan\u0131n en sert \u00e7arpt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kesim oldu. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te sadece \u00fccretli kad\u0131n eme\u011finin yap\u0131s\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmad\u0131. Kad\u0131n istihdam\u0131n\u0131n karakteristik \u00f6zelli\u011fi olarak kabul edilen d\u00fczensiz ve ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa dayal\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn bir s\u0131n\u0131fa yay\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130stihdamdaki g\u00fcvencesizli\u011fin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131yla t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada geleneksel olarak daha itibarl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u00e7e\u015fitli mesleklerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n da proleterle\u015fmesi s\u00f6z konusu oldu.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Bu d\u00f6nemin en ay\u0131rt edici \u00f6zelliklerinden biri de emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn toplumsal yeniden \u00fcretimi, yani insani ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131ktan e\u011fitime, ula\u015f\u0131mdan bar\u0131nmaya, ileti\u015fimden g\u0131daya, suya, \u0131s\u0131nmaya, elektri\u011fe vb. uzanan t\u00fcm temel unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n kapitalizmin tarihinde daha \u00f6nce hi\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 geni\u015flikte ve yo\u011funlukta metala\u015fmas\u0131yd\u0131.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn toplumsal yeniden \u00fcretimini bu \u00e7apta metala\u015ft\u0131rabilmek ancak sosyal refah\u0131 kamusal bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131p onu tamamen aileye y\u00fckleyen bir ekonomik, siyasal ve ideolojik bir programla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilirdi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Nitekim neoliberalizm, emek kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 politikalar\u0131n\u0131 1980\u2019lerle birlikte ba\u015fta bek\u00e2r anneler olmak \u00fczere kad\u0131nlara sald\u0131rarak ba\u015flatt\u0131. Bu ilk y\u0131llarda kad\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 politikalar, kamusal bak\u0131m hizmetlerinin kapat\u0131l\u0131p piyasala\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan, k\u00fcrtaj hakk\u0131n\u0131n fiilen imk\u00e2ns\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na uzanan bir dizi a\u011f\u0131r hak kay\u0131plar\u0131yla derinle\u015ftirildi. Neoliberal program\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclebilmesinde e\u015fit i\u015fe e\u015fit \u00fccret, aile i\u00e7i \u015fiddetin su\u00e7 say\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00fcreme ve cinsel sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerine eri\u015fim haklar\u0131, bak\u0131m hizmetlerinin kamusal bir hak olarak sunulmas\u0131 gibi erke\u011fe ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 azaltan kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ya da fiilen i\u015flevsiz hale getirilmesi \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir dayanak oldu.<a href=\"#_ftn4\">[4]<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>\u2018KAMUSAL ZOR\u2019UN \u0130\u015eLED\u0130\u011e\u0130, HER EKS\u0130\u011e\u0130N G\u0130DER\u0130LD\u0130\u011e\u0130 \u2018\u00d6ZEL ALAN\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ili\u015fkilerinde tam g\u00fcvencesizlikle, emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn toplumsal yeniden \u00fcretiminin her ve\u00e7hesinin s\u00fcrekli olarak metala\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla ay\u0131rt edilen neoliberalizmin temel birimi \u201c<em>birey<\/em>\u201d de\u011fil, ailedir.<a href=\"#_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> Ancak neoliberal d\u00f6nemde bir yandan aileye ili\u015fkin t\u00fcm politikalarda kamusal zor kullan\u0131l\u0131rken, ya\u015fanan sorunlarda ise aile \u201c<em>\u00f6zel alan<\/em>\u201d olarak kodlanarak \u201c<em>m\u00fcdahale edilemez<\/em>\u201d hale getirilir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Biz bunun ne anlama geldi\u011finin en yak\u0131n \u00f6rne\u011fini T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de g\u00f6rd\u00fck. \u0130ktidar\u0131n uzun s\u00fcredir \u201c<em>aile<\/em>\u201dyi politikalar\u0131n\u0131n merkezine oturtmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131nda, t\u00fcm kamusal hizmetlerin \u00f6zelle\u015fmi\u015f bir bi\u00e7imde aileye devredilmesi uygulamalar\u0131 var. Nas\u0131l ki evin idaresi, yoklukla ba\u015f etme, i\u015fsizli\u011fe pansuman olma, bu ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda imk\u00e2ns\u0131z hale gelen ya\u015fl\u0131, \u00e7ocuk, engelliye bakma y\u00fck\u00fc \u201c<em>\u00f6zel bir \u015fefkat ve sevgi meselesi<\/em>\u201d haline getirilerek aileye, aile i\u00e7inde de kad\u0131na \u201c<em>\u00f6zel bir g\u00f6rev<\/em>\u201d olarak veriliyorsa; aile i\u00e7inde ya\u015fanan sorunlar da \u201c<em>\u00f6zel alana dair bir sorun<\/em>\u201d olarak ele al\u0131n\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, kad\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddet toplumsal, siyasal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, ekonomik olarak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc f\u0131trata ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak geli\u015fen farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n \u201c<em>do\u011fal bir sonucu<\/em>\u201dymu\u015f gibi ortaya konuluyor. Sonu\u00e7ta \u015fiddetin toplumsal kaynaklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnmezle\u015ftirilerek, \u015fiddet faillerinin cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 esas mesele haline getiriliyor. Ayn\u0131 bi\u00e7imde yoksulluk da \u201c<em>sosyal sermayeye sahip olmayan, ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z, niteliksiz ki\u015filerin<\/em>\u201d \u00f6zel bir sorunu olarak ele al\u0131n\u0131yor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Devletin hane refah\u0131n\u0131 kamu mal ve hizmetleriyle s\u00fcbvanse etmekten vazge\u00e7ti\u011fi ko\u015fullarda, ataerkil aile ve aile i\u00e7inde kad\u0131nlar\u0131n emekleri ve bedenlerinin s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc, giderek daha fazla oranda, piyasan\u0131n yaslanaca\u011f\u0131 temel kaynak haline geliyor. Cinsiyet\u00e7i iktidar ili\u015fkilerini ve ataerkil yap\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirip geni\u015fletmek, sermaye ve devletin emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn toplumsal yeniden \u00fcretiminin sorumlulu\u011fundan ka\u00e7abilmesinin \u00f6nemli bir dayana\u011f\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Neoliberal sermaye birikiminin muhafazakarl\u0131k hatta dincili\u011fe yaslanarak ilerlemesi de \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fil. Din ve muhafazakarl\u0131k, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n emekleri ve bedenleri \u00fczerinde etkin ataerkil denetimi me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r ve \u00e7e\u015fitlendirirken bir yandan da en yoksul ve en korunmas\u0131z hanelerde \u2018refah\u2019 ve \u2018haklar\u0131n\u2019 emek\u00e7iler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir \u2018l\u00fctuf\u2019 meselesi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmesinde elveri\u015fli bir politika arac\u0131 olarak te\u015fvik edildi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>NEOL\u0130BERAL \u2018C\u0130NS\u0130YET E\u015e\u0130TL\u0130\u011e\u0130\u2019N\u0130N FATURASI<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Katmerlenen s\u0131n\u0131fsal s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcyle birlikte kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ataerkil ezilmi\u015fli\u011fini de \u00f6rg\u00fctleyen ekonomik, siyasal ve ideolojik bir d\u00fczenlemeler b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc olarak neoliberalizm, \u201c<em>cinsiyet e\u015fitli\u011fi<\/em>\u201d s\u00f6ylemini kullanmaktan da geri durmuyor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Neoliberalizmin \u201c<em>f\u0131rsat e\u015fitli\u011fi<\/em>\u201d, kapitalizmin krizlerini a\u015fman\u0131n bir \u201c<em>y\u00f6ntemi<\/em>\u201d olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Her ne kadar bu durumun yans\u0131malar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu zaman \u201c<em>kad\u0131n hareketinin bir ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131<\/em>\u201d, \u201c<em>feminizmin cinsiyet e\u015fitli\u011fini g\u00fcndemle\u015ftirme ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu<\/em>\u201d gibi de\u011ferlendirilse de, ger\u00e7ekte kad\u0131n\u0131yla erke\u011fiyle liberal d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr ve politikac\u0131lar\u0131n, devletler ve \u015firketlerden olu\u015fan geni\u015f bir koalisyonun, krizlerin toplumsal sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u201c<em>yumu\u015fatma<\/em>\u201d g\u00f6revini, \u201c<em>f\u0131rsat e\u015fitli\u011fi<\/em>\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda kad\u0131nlara sundu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin; D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131n\u0131n \u201c<em>Kad\u0131n Y\u0131l\u0131<\/em>\u201d ilanlar\u0131, \u201c<em>kad\u0131nlara yat\u0131r\u0131m yapman\u0131n ak\u0131ll\u0131ca bir i\u015f<\/em>\u201d oldu\u011funa dair a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 haf\u0131zalar\u0131m\u0131zda. D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 \u201c<em>f\u0131rsat e\u015fitli\u011fini<\/em>\u201d kad\u0131nlar\u0131n emek piyasalar\u0131na eri\u015fimlerini art\u0131rman\u0131n, kad\u0131n giri\u015fimciler i\u00e7in kredi sa\u011flamay\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u2018insan sermayelerine\u2019 (e\u011fitimleri, sa\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131 vb. gibi) yat\u0131r\u0131m yapman\u0131n sadece kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in de\u011fil \u2018i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131\u2019 i\u00e7in de iyi olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek savunuyordu. \u201c<em>Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n erkeklere k\u0131yasla daha \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan, daha \u00fcretken olduklar\u0131 ve gelirlerini daha yararl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde kulland\u0131klar\u0131, bu \u00f6zellikleri nedeniyle kad\u0131nlara \u2018yat\u0131r\u0131m yapman\u0131n\u2019 verimlili\u011fi art\u0131raca\u011f\u0131, kalk\u0131nman\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 gelecek ku\u015faklar i\u00e7in iyile\u015ftirece\u011fi, kurumlar\u0131n daha etkin ve \u00fcretken \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131 (kad\u0131nlar ayr\u0131ca titiz, risk alma konusunda dikkatli ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131na duyarl\u0131 varsay\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in)<\/em>\u201d\u00a0 s\u00f6zleriyle de \u201c<em>e\u015fitlik<\/em>\u201d s\u00f6yleminin arka plan\u0131nda kad\u0131nlar\u0131 bir kriz supab\u0131 olarak kullanma ger\u00e7e\u011fi yatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan ediyordu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Bu \u2018a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan, fedak\u00e2r ve giri\u015fimci kad\u0131n\u2019 imgesi, erke\u011fin otoritesine dokunmazken, hayatta kalma sorumlulu\u011funun devlete de\u011fil yoksula ait oldu\u011fu fikrini peki\u015ftirip yoksullu\u011fu damgalamaya, onu bir utan\u00e7 ve bireysel ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k hik\u00e2yesi olarak resmetmeye de yarad\u0131.<a href=\"#_ftn6\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>VE T\u00dcRK\u0130YE: NEOL\u0130BERAL V\u0130ZYONUN \u015eAH\u0130KASINA VARDI\u011eI \u00dcLKE<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Kad\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddetin siyaseten ve hukuken te\u015fvik edildi\u011fi, \u015fiddet faillerinin resmen korundu\u011fu, cinsiyet e\u015fitli\u011finin s\u00f6ylem d\u00fczeyinde bile gayrime\u015fru ilan edildi\u011fi 17 y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nemde AKP h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin kad\u0131n istihdam\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fck politikalar\u0131, neoliberalizmin d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011findeki \u2018vizyonuna\u2019 tam olarak uyum g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>2003 tarihli 4857 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunuyla 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llardan beri fiilen uygulanan esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bi\u00e7imlerine en kapsaml\u0131 yasal \u00e7er\u00e7eve sa\u011flanarak bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma tipi h\u0131zla yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130stihdamda esneklik, orta vadeli programlar (OVP), ulusal istihdam strateji belgeleri gibi politika metinlerinin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ana meselesi haline getirildi. \u00d6rne\u011fin, OVP 2016-2018\u2019in \u201c<em>\u0130stihdam Politikalar\u0131<\/em>\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 6. k\u0131sm\u0131nda ama\u00e7, <em>\u201crekabet\u00e7i bir i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131\u201d, \u201ci\u015f ve aile ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n uyumlu hale getirilmesi\u201d, \u201c\u00f6zel istihdam b\u00fcrolar\u0131n\u0131n faaliyet alanlar\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ge\u00e7ici i\u015f ili\u015fkisini de kapsayacak \u015fekilde geni\u015fletilmesi\u201d, \u201calt i\u015fverenlik uygulamas\u0131nda ekonominin rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6zetilmesi\u201d<\/em> olarak a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131yor. Bu ama\u00e7lar bir yandan da \u00fccretli kad\u0131n i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rman\u0131n mucizev\u00ee yolu olarak sunuluyor.\u00a0<\/li>\r\n<li>2012 Ulusal \u0130stihdam Stratejisi Belgesi, 2013 Kad\u0131n \u0130stihdam\u0131 Yasa Tasar\u0131s\u0131, 2014 Ailenin ve Dinamik N\u00fcfus Yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n Korunmas\u0131na Dair Yasa Tasar\u0131s\u0131 bu esnekle\u015ftirme ve g\u00fcvencesizle\u015ftirme politikas\u0131n\u0131n ana belgeleri olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. K\u0131\u015f lasti\u011fi kullanman\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 anlatan bir torba yasada, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n k\u0131smi zamanl\u0131 i\u015flerde, ne t\u00fcr \u00f6zel istihdam b\u00fcrosuyla, hangi \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7er\u00e7evesinin \u00e7izildi\u011fi bir \u201c<em>yasala\u015ft\u0131rma<\/em>\u201d s\u00fcreci ya\u015fad\u0131k, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n hak kay\u0131plar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u201c<em>kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ev ile i\u015fi uyumlu bir bi\u00e7imde s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmeleri i\u00e7in bir l\u00fctuf<\/em>\u201d olarak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131.\u00a0<\/li>\r\n<li>2017\u2019de as\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fikliklerden biri yine torba mant\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Gelir Vergisi Kanunu\u2019nda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Yasa ile yap\u0131ld\u0131. \u201c<em>\u00c7ocuk yapan kad\u0131nlara yar\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131<\/em>\u201d diye duyurulan bu yasa ile \u00f6zellikle kamuda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131nlar, s\u00fct izni haklar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131. Kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik 6715 say\u0131l\u0131 Yasa ve \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan y\u00f6netmelikle yasal hale getirilirdi.<\/li>\r\n<li>2017 sonunda 2010 tarihinde yay\u0131mlanan Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Kad\u0131n \u0130stihdam\u0131n\u0131n Art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve F\u0131rsat E\u015fitli\u011finin Sa\u011flanmas\u0131 Genelgesi \u201c<em>g\u00fcncellendi<\/em>.\u201d Art\u0131k \u201c<em>e\u015fit i\u015fe e\u015fit \u00fccret, kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131nda f\u0131rsat e\u015fitli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve denetlenmesi, i\u015fyerlerine yap\u0131lan denetimlerde cinsiyet e\u015fitli\u011fine uyup uyulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n saptanmas\u0131 ve uyulmuyorsa i\u015flem yap\u0131lmas\u0131, i\u015fe giri\u015f, e\u011fitim ve terfilerde f\u0131rsat e\u015fitli\u011fine uygun davran\u0131lmas\u0131, \u015fiddet ma\u011fduru, e\u015fi \u00f6len kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ya\u015fama kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanan projelere \u00f6ncelik verilmesi, toplumsal cinsiyet temelli istatistikler tutulmas\u0131, \u00f6zelde ve kamuda kre\u015f ve g\u00fcnd\u00fcz bak\u0131m evleri kurulmas\u0131 ve kurulup kurulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n denetlenmesi<\/em>\u201d maddelerinin hi\u00e7biri art\u0131k yok!\u00a0<\/li>\r\n<li>2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 birle\u015ftirildi; \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma, Aile ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kuruldu. Son 20 y\u0131ld\u0131r aile ve n\u00fcfus politikalar\u0131, kad\u0131n politikalar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n neoliberal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in bir kald\u0131ra\u00e7 i\u015flevi g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bu birle\u015fme, bu zamana kadar zaten i\u00e7 i\u00e7e i\u015fleyen y\u0131k\u0131m politikas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fikli\u011finin g\u00f6stergesi oldu. Ama bir yandan da kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kaderiyle i\u015f\u00e7ilerin kaderinin nas\u0131l birle\u015fti\u011finin somut, a\u00e7\u0131k, sarih bir ifadesi&#8230;<\/li>\r\n<li>T\u00fcm bunlar olurken Aile, \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Bakan\u0131 Zehra Z\u00fcmr\u00fct Sel\u00e7uk, Mart 2019\u2019da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir konu\u015fmada 2007-2017 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kad\u0131n istihdam\u0131n\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 3,4 milyon ki\u015fiyle y\u00fczde 63 oran\u0131nda art\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek \u00f6v\u00fcnd\u00fc. Ger\u00e7e\u011fe bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ise olan \u015fu; devlet 2011 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana ev i\u00e7inde bak\u0131m hizmeti yapan, yani asl\u0131nda kamusal hizmet olarak verilmesi gereken i\u015fleri \u00fcstlenen, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck miktarlarda bak\u0131m paras\u0131 alan, ancak hi\u00e7bir gelecek teminat\u0131 olmayan kad\u0131nlar\u0131 \u201c<em>i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f<\/em>\u201d sayarak kad\u0131n istihdam\u0131n\u0131 artm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6steriyor.\u00a0<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0130ktidar bir yandan kad\u0131nlara \u201c<em>aile i\u00e7indeki makbul konumlar\u0131 ve f\u0131tratlar\u0131 gere\u011fi<\/em>\u201d engelli, hasta, ya\u015fl\u0131 yak\u0131nlar\u0131na bakmalar\u0131 noktas\u0131nda ideolojik ve kurumsal bir zor uygularken, di\u011fer yandan kad\u0131nlara engelli ve s\u00fcrekli hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan yak\u0131n\u0131na bakmak i\u00e7in \u00f6denen paralarla, engelli olmasa da kendi \u00e7ocu\u011funa koruyucu aile olarak bakmak i\u00e7in \u00f6denen nakit yard\u0131mlar\u0131yla, okula giden \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in anneye \u00f6denen \u015fartl\u0131 nakit transferleriyle, \u00e7eyiz yard\u0131mlar\u0131yla bir \u201c<em>r\u0131za<\/em>\u201d da in\u015fa etti. Bu r\u0131za in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131zca ekonomiyle de\u011fil, \u201c<em>Biz kad\u0131nlar\u0131n annelik eme\u011fine de\u011fer veriyoruz<\/em>\u201d a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131yla \u201c<em>yoksul annelerin dostu<\/em>\u201d imaj\u0131 \u00e7izerek politik olarak da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6te yandan t\u00fcm kamusal hizmetlerin aile i\u00e7ine\/\u2018\u00f6zel alana\u2019 devredilmesinin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zorluk ortadayken, \u201c<em>Kad\u0131nlar zaten \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 i\u00e7in yar\u0131 zamanl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak istiyor, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n talebi ge\u00e7ici s\u00fcreli i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak<\/em>\u201d diyerek, yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoksulluk ve i\u015fsizlik ortam\u0131nda kad\u0131nlar\u0131n mecbur b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc kapat\u0131yor.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>E\u011fitimin her kesimden kad\u0131n\u0131 endi\u015felendiren b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sorun haline geldi\u011fi, sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetinden yararlanman\u0131n giderek zorla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, i\u015fsizli\u011fin had safhada oldu\u011fu, temel ya\u015fam maddelerine eri\u015fimin giderek zorla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, bak\u0131m y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini istihdam \u00f6n\u00fcnde engel olmaktan \u00e7\u0131karacak kre\u015f, et\u00fct merkezi vb. olanaklar\u0131n yok edildi\u011fi \u00fclke ko\u015fullar\u0131nda kad\u0131n istihdam\u0131na ili\u015fkin parlat\u0131lan rakamlar\u0131n, yaz\u0131lan ba\u015far\u0131 hik\u00e2yelerinin kad\u0131nlar nezdinde bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yok. Kad\u0131nlar ya\u015fanabilir bir \u00fccret, g\u00fcvenceli bir i\u015f ve g\u00fcvenli bir gelecek olanaklar\u0131ndan t\u00fcm\u00fcyle yoksun bi\u00e7imde, e\u011freti ve hem bedenlerini hem de ruhlar\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcm\u00fcyle esir eden ko\u015fullarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya, ya\u015famaya zorlan\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>A\u011f\u0131rla\u015fan ya\u015fam ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 nedeniyle art\u0131k eve giren tek \u00fccretin ayakta kalmaya yetmedi\u011fi bu ko\u015fullar, i\u015f arayan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve i\u015fsiz kal\u0131p yeniden bir i\u015fe girmek i\u00e7in i\u015f bulma kurumlar\u0131na kay\u0131t yapt\u0131ran kad\u0131n oran\u0131n\u0131 da b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artt\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Bir yanda kad\u0131nlar\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak eve ve aileye hapseden uygulama ve s\u00f6ylemler, di\u011fer yanda uygulanan neoliberal program nedeniyle g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fam\u0131n bu de\u011ferlerle s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclemez hale gelmesi ger\u00e7e\u011fi ve \u00e7eli\u015fkisi ortada. Kad\u0131nlar bu ko\u015fullar nedeniyle s\u00fcrekli \u201cd\u0131\u015far\u0131ya, i\u015f aramaya, toplumsal hayata kar\u0131\u015fmaya, aileyle, kocayla, devletle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelmeye, talep etmeye, yard\u0131m istemeye\u201d \u00e7\u0131karken, iktidar\u0131n kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u201c<em>kocaya kul, aileye k\u00f6le, devlete fedai<\/em>\u201d olmas\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 anlams\u0131zla\u015f\u0131yor.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>EKONOM\u0130K KR\u0130ZLE ATE\u015e\u0130 K\u00d6R\u00dcKLENEN CEHENNEM: \u0130\u015eYERLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0130\u015fyerlerinin kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in \u015fiddetin giderek pervas\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerler haline gelmesinde b\u00fct\u00fcn bu neoliberal s\u00fcrecin nas\u0131l etkili oldu\u011fu tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lamaz, \u00fczerinden atlanamaz bir tart\u0131\u015fma. Rekabetin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin birbirine d\u00fc\u015fmanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ko\u015fullarda kad\u0131nlar en a\u011f\u0131r \u201c<em>y\u0131ld\u0131rma<\/em>\u201d politikalar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya. Hem ustaba\u015flar\u0131, y\u00f6neticileri, patronlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan, hem de i\u015f arkada\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan&#8230; Kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fana bilmedi\u011fi i\u015fi verme, onu ya\u015fl\u0131 veya acemi olmakla s\u00fcrekli su\u00e7lama, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fck y\u00fckleme, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fi g\u00f6rmezden gelme, gereksizmi\u015f gibi g\u00f6sterme, izole etme ve bunlar\u0131 sistematik olarak yapma&#8230; Hamile i\u015f\u00e7iye k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele, hamile ya da s\u00fct izni kullanan kad\u0131na y\u0131ld\u0131rma politikalar\u0131yla i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kma bask\u0131s\u0131 yapma&#8230; Patronlar\u0131n kre\u015f y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iler aleyhine hafifletilmesiyle birlikte \u00e7ocuklu kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ne yapacaklar\u0131n\u0131 bilememe zoruyla ba\u015f ba\u015fa kalmas\u0131&#8230; \u00c7ocuk bak\u0131m y\u00fck\u00fc nedeniyle i\u015ften ayr\u0131lma ve eve mahk\u00fbm olma zorunlulu\u011fu&#8230; \u201c<em>Kriz<\/em>\u201d ya da \u201c<em>k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclme<\/em>\u201d bahanesiyle ilk i\u015ften at\u0131lanlar\u0131n kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iler olmas\u0131&#8230; Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde, ta\u015feron \u015firketlerle ya da \u00f6zel istihdam b\u00fcrolar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretler ve k\u00f6t\u00fc ko\u015fullarda i\u015fin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi, i\u015flerin par\u00e7alanarak \u00e7evre mahallelerde evlere da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, bu evlerde kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 kuru\u015f paraya bu b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketlerin i\u015flerini yapmalar\u0131, ama hi\u00e7bir g\u00fcvenceleri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in o ev i\u00e7lerinde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131na boyun e\u011fmek zorunda kal\u0131\u015flar\u0131&#8230;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Bug\u00fcn kad\u0131nlar\u0131n i\u015fyerlerinde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 \u015fiddeti anlatmakta b\u00fcy\u00fck zorluklar ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131yla, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n i\u015fyerinde birlikte hareket etme olanaklar\u0131ndan yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131yla, kad\u0131n eme\u011finin giderek daha fazla de\u011fersizle\u015ftirilmesiyle, kad\u0131nlara y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131rganl\u0131\u011f\u0131 mubah ve ola\u011fan bir zemine \u00e7eken toplumsal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmle elbette b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ilgisi var. A\u011f\u0131rla\u015fan ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018i\u015fine sahip \u00e7\u0131kma\u2019, y\u00fckselen muhafazak\u00e2rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c<em>\u0130\u015fyerinde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131rsam aya\u011f\u0131m d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan kesilir<\/em>\u201d duygusu da \u00f6nemli bir belirleyen.<a href=\"#_ftn7\">[7]<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0130\u015fyerinde \u015fiddet bug\u00fcn \u00f6rg\u00fcts\u00fczl\u00fckle, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvencesizle\u015ftirilmesiyle, a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fan ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131yla, \u00fccret e\u015fitsizli\u011fiyle, hi\u00e7bir sosyal haktan yararlanamamakla, itaat ve kanaate mahkum eden muhafazak\u00e2rl\u0131kla daha \u00f6nce hi\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcme kavu\u015ftu. Daha do\u011fru ifadeyle, bu ba\u011f daha a\u00e7\u0131k hale geldi.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>D\u00d6NEM\u0130N \u2018YEN\u0130\u2019LER\u0130, \u2018Y\u0130NE\u2019LER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0130nsan hayat\u0131n\u0131 bu derece metala\u015fmaya zorlaman\u0131n, ya\u015fam\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcyle g\u00fcvencesizle\u015ftirilmesinin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaz, ge\u00e7mi\u015f 40 y\u0131lda a\u011f\u0131r ekonomik krizler yaratt\u0131. Ve her seferinde daha fazla say\u0131da kad\u0131n ve g\u00f6\u00e7men d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretli ve esnek i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne d\u00e2hil oldu, kamu mal ve hizmetleri daha fazla \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilip piyasa ilkelerine tabi tutuldu; siyasal ve sosyal haklar her seferinde biraz daha t\u0131rpanland\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Bug\u00fcn krizlerin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fsal ve cinsiyet\u00e7i sonu\u00e7lar \u00fczerine ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgiye sahibiz.<a href=\"#_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> Ekonomik kriz ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n kad\u0131n emek\u00e7iler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha yak\u0131c\u0131 ve e\u015fitsiz sonu\u00e7lara yol a\u00e7mas\u0131, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131nda her daim maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131 ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n devam\u0131 niteli\u011finde.<a href=\"#_ftn9\">[9]<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Hane halk\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7im olanaklar\u0131 azald\u0131k\u00e7a yeni stratejiler geli\u015ftirme y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn kad\u0131nlar \u00fczerinde olmas\u0131 da kad\u0131nlar\u0131n krizin etkilerini katmanl\u0131 ya\u015famalar\u0131na neden oluyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin enflasyonun y\u00fckselmesi ile al\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015fmesi ve bunun hane halk\u0131 t\u00fcketimini etkilemesi sadece \u00fccretli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda hane i\u00e7indeki bak\u0131m sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n derinle\u015fmesine de yans\u0131yor. \u00d6zellikle hane i\u00e7i harcamalara ayr\u0131lacak b\u00fct\u00e7enin azalmas\u0131 ev i\u00e7i emek \u00fczerindeki y\u00fck\u00fc artt\u0131r\u0131yor. Makro d\u00fczeyde kamu harcamalar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131lmas\u0131 ile birlikte temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 ve bak\u0131m i\u015fleri aileye, aile i\u00e7inde de kad\u0131na daha fazla y\u00fckleniyor. Kriz d\u00f6nemlerinde; \u00f6zellikle sa\u011fl\u0131k ve e\u011fitim alan\u0131nda ya\u015fanan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmler kad\u0131nlar\u0131n hayat\u0131na daha somut bi\u00e7imlerde etki ediyor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Krizi a\u015fmak i\u00e7in uygulanan kemer s\u0131kma politikalar\u0131na, bask\u0131c\u0131 politikalar e\u015flik ediyor. Bask\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n neoliberal muhafazakarl\u0131k bi\u00e7iminde ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ko\u015fullarda kad\u0131nlar\u0131n da en temel haklar\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hedef haline getirildi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n toplumsal varolu\u015flar\u0131, en temel medeni haklar\u0131, n\u00fcfus ve beden politikalar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcyle paralel olarak sorgulan\u0131r duruma getiriliyor. Bu gerici sorgulama, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n\u0131n sermayenin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan gerekli yasal d\u00fczenlemelerin de konusu haline getirilmesiyle bir sald\u0131r\u0131 furyas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Sermaye lehine kemer s\u0131kma politikalar\u0131, bu politikalara uyum sa\u011flama yetene\u011fine fazlas\u0131yla sahip olan otoriter rejimleri de besliyor.<a href=\"#_ftn10\">[10]<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0130\u00e7inden ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz ekonomik kriz s\u00fcreci T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmet Sistemi ad\u0131 verilen tek adam rejiminin in\u015fa edildi\u011fi bir d\u00f6neme denk d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Ekonomideki birikmi\u015f yap\u0131sal sorunlar yan\u0131nda, siyasal alanda ya\u015fanan krizler, burjuva hukuk devletinin a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 da sorunlar\u0131 derinle\u015ftirdi. Bu a\u015f\u0131nma, kad\u0131nlar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hayati kimi kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n daha kolay bi\u00e7imde ask\u0131ya al\u0131nmas\u0131na yol veriyor. Son y\u0131llarda \u00f6zellikle nafaka hakk\u0131na, kad\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddet konusunda kamusal sorumluluk getiren \u0130stanbul S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ve 6284 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanuna d\u00f6n\u00fck sald\u0131r\u0131lar bu s\u00fcrecin bir par\u00e7as\u0131. Krizler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda egemenlerin uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 politikalar, kapitalizmin yeniden \u00fcretimini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ve s\u00fcre\u011fen k\u0131lman\u0131n bir arac\u0131 olarak s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve ezme-ezilme ili\u015fkilerini g\u00fc\u00e7lendiriyor, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla toplumsal e\u015fitsizli\u011fi derinle\u015ftiriyor. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n e\u015fitsizli\u011fi ise \u00f6zellikle b\u00f6ylesi d\u00f6nemlerde katmerleniyor. Sorunlar\u0131, talepleri ve ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 daha az g\u00fcndem oluyor, \u2018b\u00fcy\u00fck\u2019 meselelerin yan\u0131nda \u2018k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck dertler\u2019 olarak imleniyor, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r bir bi\u00e7imde etkileyen sorunlar g\u00f6r\u00fcnmezle\u015ftiriliyor. Koskoca \u015firketlerin iflas ve konkordato ilan ederek ba\u015f edemedi\u011fi ekonomik krizle hane i\u00e7erisinde ba\u015f etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n getirdi\u011fi \u2018t\u00fckenmi\u015flik ve \u00e7aresizlik\u2019, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131yla ili\u015fkilerindeki \u2018eksiklik ve yetersizlik\u2019, e\u015fleriyle ili\u015fkilerindeki \u2018korku, kayg\u0131, de\u011fersizlik\u2019 gibi duygular, kendilerine zaman ay\u0131ramaman\u0131n ko\u015fullad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zsayg\u0131daki a\u015f\u0131nmayla birle\u015fiyor. Kriz, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n hayat\u0131nda en \u00e7ok bu duygular\u0131n belirledi\u011fi bir psikolojik \u015fiddet olarak g\u00fcndelikle\u015fiyor.<a href=\"#_ftn11\">[11]<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>B\u0130R APARAT OLARAK \u015e\u0130DDET<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Kad\u0131nlar krizle birlikte sadece daha da yoksulla\u015fm\u0131yor, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u015fiddetin her t\u00fcrl\u00fcs\u00fcne daha fazla maruz kal\u0131r hale geliyor. Yoksul ailelerde ge\u00e7im imkans\u0131zla\u015f\u0131yor, aile i\u00e7inde zaten e\u015fitsiz olan ili\u015fkiler kad\u0131nlar\u0131n aleyhine daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fiyor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u00dcstelik bu kriz, \u00fclkenin \u201c<em>tek adam y\u00f6netimi<\/em>\u201d alt\u0131na sokulup demokrasi, ifade ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, sendikal ve sosyal haklar\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in iktidar\u0131n bir dayanak haline getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 zorlu siyasal ve toplumsal sorunlarla birlikte ya\u015fan\u0131yor. Politik, ekonomik ve toplumsal kriz halinin derinle\u015fti\u011fi bu ko\u015fullarda; kad\u0131nlar\u0131n krizin etkilerinin \u201c<em>yumu\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131<\/em>\u201d i\u00e7in hane i\u00e7indeki varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n giderek daha fazla \u201c<em>k\u00f6leli\u011fe indirgendi\u011fini<\/em>\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Krizin yoksul n\u00fcfus \u00fczerindeki y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkilerini aile i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7\u00f6zmeyi uman iktidar kad\u0131nlar \u00fczerindeki denetim ve \u015fiddeti, s\u0131n\u0131fsal \u00f6fkeyi ve m\u00fccadeleyi bast\u0131rman\u0131n bir arac\u0131, y\u00f6ntemi haline de getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Bu bak\u0131mdan artan ve vah\u015file\u015fen kad\u0131n cinayetlerini, t\u00fcm kurumlar\u0131yla erkek \u015fiddetini besleyen, kollayan ve aklayan iktidar\u0131n rol\u00fcn\u00fc, bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak \u015fiddetin kad\u0131nlar\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleme noktas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan bir aparat haline geli\u015fini \u201c\u00f6zerk, ayr\u0131 bir sistem olan patriyarka\u201dn\u0131n kendisini korumas\u0131, kendisini her g\u00fcn yeniden \u00fcretmesi olarak ele alamay\u0131z.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Gerek\u00e7eler gazete sayfalar\u0131na, ba\u015fl\u0131klara t\u00fcrl\u00fc t\u00fcrl\u00fc ge\u00e7se de \u015fiddet kad\u0131nlar\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 denetim alt\u0131na alman\u0131n sistematik bir yolu olarak giderek daha fazla kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. G\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz ki ya\u015f\u0131, mesle\u011fi, e\u011fitim seviyesi ne olursa olsun kad\u0131nlar ayn\u0131 \u015fiddetin hedefi haline geliyor. S\u0131n\u0131fsal farkl\u0131l\u0131klar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bi\u00e7imi, i\u00e7eri\u011fi ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 farkl\u0131 ya\u015fan\u0131yor olsa da \u015fiddet b\u00fct\u00fcn kad\u0131nlar\u0131 ve kad\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hedef al\u0131yor. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 canlar\u0131ndan eden bu \u015fiddet, \u201c<em>hen\u00fcz \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmeyen<\/em>\u201d kad\u0131nlar\u0131 da hizaya sokuyor; \u201c<em>Ne yaparsan ya\u015fars\u0131n, ne yapmazsan \u00f6l\u00fcrs\u00fcn<\/em>\u201d\u00fcn \u00e7ekti\u011fi hiza o kadar al\u00e7ak ki, kad\u0131nlara boyun e\u011fmekten ba\u015fka \u015fans tan\u0131nm\u0131yor. \u015eiddetin kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ne yap\u0131p yapmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi konusunda bu denli d\u00fczenleyici bir norm haline geldi\u011fi bir toplumda bir tek kad\u0131n dahi o \u015fiddetten azade kalam\u0131yor, kalamaz.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n emeklerinin, bedenlerinin s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcne, cinayetlerinin artmas\u0131na ve vah\u015file\u015fmesine, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n sab\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n da patlama noktas\u0131na gelmesine neden olan bu ko\u015fullar\u0131n; kad\u0131nlar e\u011fer birlikte hareket edecek ko\u015fullardan yoksunsa \u00e7aresizli\u011fe yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ama birlikte m\u00fccadeleye ili\u015fkin irili ufakl\u0131 dayanaklar s\u00f6z konusuysa ses \u00e7\u0131karmaya, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ya\u015famsal sorunlar\u0131yla politik, ekonomik, toplumsal sorunlar aras\u0131nda daha a\u00e7\u0131k ba\u011flar kurmaya, sorunun sistematik kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 daha \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015fmaya zorlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>T\u00dcM BU D\u00d6N\u00dc\u015e\u00dcM\u00dc NASIL ELE ALMALI? <\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Biliyoruz ki emek\u00e7i kad\u0131nlar\u0131n m\u00fccadelesi yaln\u0131zca sanayi i\u015f\u00e7isi kad\u0131nlar\u0131n, yaln\u0131zca fabrika i\u00e7indeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131na, ekonomik sorunlara kar\u015f\u0131 verdi\u011fi sendikalist m\u00fccadeleleri de\u011fildir. Emek\u00e7i kad\u0131nlar\u0131n m\u00fccadelesi art\u0131 de\u011fer \u00fcretimi s\u00fcre\u00e7leri i\u00e7erisindeki s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ko\u015fullar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadeleyle birlikte yeniden \u00fcretim alan\u0131n\u0131n da t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc, b\u00fct\u00fcnselli\u011fi i\u00e7inde kapsar.<a href=\"#_ftn12\">[12]<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Kapitalizm ko\u015fullar\u0131nda \u201c<em>kamusal ve \u00f6zel hayat<\/em>\u201d, \u201c<em>d\u0131\u015fardaki i\u015f ve evdeki i\u015f<\/em>\u201d, \u201c<em>fabrika ve mutfak<\/em>\u201d gibi ayr\u0131 alanlar\u0131 birle\u015ftiren s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ili\u015fkileri bir b\u00fct\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u00dcretimi ve yeniden \u00fcretimi birbirinden ayr\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen teorilerin aksine, Marksist yakla\u015f\u0131m maddi ya\u015fam\u0131n \u00fcretim ve yeniden \u00fcretimini ayn\u0131 s\u00fcrecin birbiri \u00fczerinde etkide bulunan, i\u00e7sel bir ili\u015fkisellik i\u00e7inde g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kapitalist \u00fcretim bi\u00e7imi i\u00e7indeki de\u011fi\u015fimlerin, s\u00fcreklilik ve yeniliklerin kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ezilmi\u015fli\u011fi, emeklerinin s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc ve g\u00fcncel sorunlar\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 analiz etme noktas\u0131nda eksik kal\u0131yor. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131mlar; kad\u0131n m\u00fccadelesinin kapsam\u0131n\u0131n, i\u00e7eri\u011finin, hatt\u0131n\u0131n ve hedefinin ne oldu\u011funa, ne olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dair de bir yan\u0131lsama yarat\u0131yor.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0130nsan\u0131n yeniden-\u00fcretimini de i\u00e7eren ama bununla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmayan aile i\u00e7indeki (toplumsal) ili\u015fkiler, kapitalist \u00fcretim ili\u015fkilerinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutularak ger\u00e7ek anlamda anla\u015f\u0131lamaz. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ezilmesi ve kad\u0131n eme\u011finin s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ba\u011flam\u0131nda kapitalizme yap\u0131lan \u00f6zel vurgunun anlam\u0131 burada sakl\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ezilmi\u015fli\u011finin toplumsal-maddi temeli hane i\u00e7indeki, bu kapitalist \u00fcretim ve yeniden \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z, \u00f6rne\u011fin kapitalizmden \u00f6zerk ataerkil cinsiyet ili\u015fkileri i\u00e7inde bulunmaz. Bu temel, daha ziyade ev i\u00e7i eme\u011fin sermaye a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplumsal \u00f6neme, emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcretimi ve yeniden \u00fcretiminin kapitalist sistemin temel dinami\u011fini destekleyen, kapitalizmin kendisini yeniden \u00fcretmesini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan zorunlu bir ko\u015ful olmas\u0131 olgusuna dayan\u0131r. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kapitalist toplumdaki ezilmi\u015fli\u011fini kapitalist \u00fcretim tarz\u0131n\u0131n merkezi ili\u015fkilerinin i\u00e7ine yerle\u015ftiren olgu tam da budur. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kurtulu\u015fu fikrini sosyalist devrim teorisinin bir yan \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fil, merkezi bir meselesi haline getiren de\u2026<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Kapitalizm i\u00e7in kad\u0131nlar\u0131n boyunduruk alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131, kapitalist geni\u015fleme ve hep daha fazla b\u00fcy\u00fcyecek bir emek g\u00fcc\u00fc \u2013kad\u0131n bedeninin tahakk\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131yla yeniden \u00fcretimi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan \u00f6zel bir meta olarak\u2013 tedarikini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in ya\u015famsal \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu nedenle, kapitalizmde ataerkil toplumsal ili\u015fkilerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 basit\u00e7e \u00f6nceki \u00fcretim bi\u00e7imlerinden aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00f6rt\u00fck bir kal\u0131nt\u0131 ya da ayr\u0131 ilerleyen ayr\u0131 bir \u00fcretim bi\u00e7imi de\u011fildir. Aksine bu ili\u015fkiler \u201c<em>kapitalizmin s\u00f6nmeyen ate\u015finin benzinini<\/em>\u201d yani emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc yeniden \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in mutlak surette gereklidir. Ataerkil ili\u015fkileri yeniden \u00fcreten \u015fey egemen \u00fcretim bi\u00e7imidir ve bu \u00fcretim bi\u00e7iminin kendisi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak ataerkildir. Yani ataerki, \u00fcretim bi\u00e7iminin d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan etkiledi\u011fi bir olgu de\u011fildir. Emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn toplumsal yeniden \u00fcretiminin ataerkil karakteri kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ezilen cinsiyet olmas\u0131 sorununu s\u0131n\u0131fsal bir mesele haline getirir, tam da bu nedenle kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fmesi s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin kapsam\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u201c<em>Sermayenin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fme s\u00fcreci, belirli bir toplumsal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bi\u00e7im ya da tarz\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olamaz. Evrensel bir soyutlama bi\u00e7imine b\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f hi\u00e7bir sermaye yoktur. Sermaye her zaman pratiktir, belirli bir toplumsal ve bu arada k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ili\u015fkiler b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc toplumsal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme gibi \u2018\u0131rk, toplumsal cinsiyet ve ataerki\u2019 de \u00f6zneler aras\u0131nda, \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyet ve sermaye temelinde toplumsal olarak yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n damgas\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan beden ve zihin ili\u015fkilerine dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, s\u0131n\u0131ftan ayr\u0131lamaz.<\/em>\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn13\">[13]<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Cinsiyet e\u015fitsizli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelede bu s\u0131n\u0131f perspektifinin korunmas\u0131, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131y\u0131 kendi e\u015fitsiz g\u00fc\u00e7 ili\u015fkilerinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline getirmi\u015f olan s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc sistemine topyek\u00fbn bir kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 da zorunlu k\u0131lar.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Kad\u0131nlar ve erkekler s\u0131n\u0131fsal konumlar\u0131n\u0131 farkl\u0131 ya\u015farlar, ancak ayn\u0131 zamanda kad\u0131nlar\u0131n bir cins olarak ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 bask\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fsal konumlar\u0131na g\u00f6re de farkl\u0131la\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ve elbette; s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n cinsiyete \u00f6zg\u00fc farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131, cinsiyetin s\u0131n\u0131f temelinde par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kapitalizmde erkek egemenli\u011fiyle s\u0131n\u0131f s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn birbirinden ayr\u0131lamazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretim tarz\u0131n\u0131n kendi i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin dinami\u011fiyle kavranmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Biliyoruz ki \u00fcretimin ve yeniden \u00fcretimin ko\u015fullar\u0131 her zaman uyum i\u00e7inde olmaz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc yeniden \u00fcretimin ko\u015fullar\u0131 hep ayn\u0131 kalmaz, de\u011fi\u015fkenlik g\u00f6sterir. Sermaye ve emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn fabrikadan ba\u015flayan ve toplumsal hayata kadar geni\u015fleyen kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ili\u015fkisinin yeniden \u00fcretiminin bir \u00f6nceki zamana g\u00f6re, eskisi gibi sa\u011flanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, yaz\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda ay\u0131rdedici y\u00f6nlerini tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z neoliberalizm, kapitalist sermaye birikim s\u00fcreci i\u00e7inde bir \u00f6nceki d\u00f6neme g\u00f6re yeniden \u00fcretime farkl\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131n dayat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemdir. Ama bu de\u011fi\u015fim hep \u201c<em>dayatmayla<\/em>\u201d ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmez, taleple ve m\u00fccadeleyle de de\u011fi\u015fir; s\u0131n\u0131f g\u00fc\u00e7 ili\u015fkileri de belirleyici bir etkendir. Yeniden \u00fcretim ile \u00fcretim aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkide, emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn canl\u0131 sahibi proleter kad\u0131n \u201c<em>\u00f6zne<\/em>\u201ddir. S\u0131n\u0131f ili\u015fkileri i\u00e7indeki yerini s\u00fcrekli yeniden \u00fcretmesi istenen; bunu kabul edecek, boyun e\u011fmek zorunda kalacak ya da reddedecek olan da odur.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>BU B\u00dcT\u00dcNL\u00dcK \u0130\u00c7\u0130NDE YANITLANAB\u0130LECEK B\u0130R SORU: <\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>8 MART K\u0130M\u0130N G\u00dcN\u00dc?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>8 Mart \u00fczerine <em>\u201cNew York\u2019ta 40 bin tekstil i\u015f\u00e7isi kad\u0131n\u0131n 1857 8 Mart\u2019\u0131nda greve gitti\u011fi ve \u00fczerlerine kilitlenen fabrikada \u00e7\u0131kan yang\u0131nla 129 i\u015f\u00e7inin yanarak \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ili\u015fkin bir kay\u0131t var m\u0131, yok mu?\u201d, \u201cEkmek ve G\u00fcl grevi hi\u00e7 oldu mu?\u201d, \u201cClara Zetkin karar \u00f6nergesinde Uluslararas\u0131 Kad\u0131nlar G\u00fcn\u00fc m\u00fc dedi, yoksa emek\u00e7i kad\u0131nlar g\u00fcn\u00fc m\u00fc demi\u015fti?\u201d, \u201c\u0130lk belirlenen tarih 8 Mart m\u0131yd\u0131, ba\u015fka bir tarih miydi?\u201d<\/em> tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 hep vard\u0131. Eskiden beri y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen ama 8 Mart feminist grev g\u00fcn\u00fc ilan\u0131yla daha da b\u00fcy\u00fcyen bu tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u201c<em>\u00f6yle miydi, b\u00f6yle miydi<\/em>\u201d sorular\u0131ndan \u00e7ok, esasen kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ezilmi\u015fli\u011fi ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc ba\u011flam\u0131nda kapitalizmin \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ne oldu\u011funa, \u00fcretim-yeniden \u00fcretim aras\u0131ndaki i\u00e7sel ili\u015fkinin nas\u0131l analiz edildi\u011fine, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kad\u0131n m\u00fccadelesinin kapsam\u0131 ve hatt\u0131n\u0131n ne oldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin yakla\u015f\u0131m farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>8 Mart\u2019\u0131n \u201c<em>enternasyonal bir kad\u0131n m\u00fccadelesi g\u00fcn\u00fc<\/em>\u201d olarak t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada kutlanmaya ba\u015flanmas\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6kenine ili\u015fkin son y\u0131llarda pek \u00e7ok yeni tarihsel kaynak bulundu, \u00e7eviriler ve derlemeler yap\u0131ld\u0131, -bunlar bilinerek ya da bilinmeden- muhtelif pek \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015fma, farkl\u0131 tarih yaz\u0131mlar\u0131, hatta \u00e7arp\u0131tma yap\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ama \u00f6zellikle i\u015f\u00e7i kad\u0131nlar\u0131n t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda taleplerini ve m\u00fccadelelerini ortakla\u015ft\u0131raca\u011f\u0131, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n sosyalist bir anlay\u0131\u015fla m\u00fccadeleye kazan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n olanaklar\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 bir g\u00fcn belirlenmesi tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ilk olarak 1910\u2019da Kopenhag \u0130kinci Uluslararas\u0131 Sosyalist Kad\u0131nlar Konferans\u0131nda yap\u0131ld\u0131. Konferanstta al\u0131nan karar \u015f\u00f6yle:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><em>\u201c\u00dclkelerindeki, proletaryan\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131f bilin\u00e7li, siyasal ve sendikal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleriyle fikir birli\u011fi i\u00e7inde, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelerin sosyalist kad\u0131nlar\u0131 her y\u0131l bir Kad\u0131nlar G\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6rg\u00fctleyecekler. Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn en \u00f6nemli amac\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n oy hakk\u0131 kazanmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmakt\u0131r. Bu talep, sosyalist anlay\u0131\u015f gere\u011fince bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak kad\u0131n sorunu ile birlikte ele al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kad\u0131nlar G\u00fcn\u00fc uluslararas\u0131 bir karaktere sahip olmal\u0131 ve dikkatli bir \u015fekilde haz\u0131rlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn14\"><strong>[14]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Bu kararda dikkat \u00e7eken temel nokta; bu g\u00fcn\u00fcn \u201c<em>sosyalist anlay\u0131\u015f gere\u011fince bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak kad\u0131n sorunu ile birlikte ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gere\u011fine<\/em>\u201d \u00f6zenle vurgu yap\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Karar\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 konferans\u0131n belgelerini bizzat kayna\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7evirenlerin de belirtti\u011fi gibi; Clara Zetkin\u2019in destekledi\u011fi \u00f6nergede g\u00fcn\u00fcn ad\u0131 \u2018Emek\u00e7i Kad\u0131nlar G\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019 olarak \u00f6zellikle vurgulanm\u0131yordu<a href=\"#_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> ama 8 Mart en ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri teorik, politik m\u00fccadele ve \u00f6rg\u00fctsel k\u00f6kleri itibar\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131fsal bir vurgu ta\u015f\u0131yan ve kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in \u201c<em>sosyalist bir kurtulu\u015f program\u0131<\/em>\u201d i\u00e7eren bir g\u00fcnd\u00fc. \u0130lan\u0131nda \u00f6ncelikli ama\u00e7 olarak ifade edilen \u201c<em>kad\u0131nlara oy hakk\u0131<\/em>\u201d i\u00e7in de\u011fil sadece, emek\u00e7i kad\u0131nlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcyle yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 haklar, anneler ve \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in sosyal destek, bek\u00e2r annelere e\u015fit muamele ve yuva sa\u011flanmas\u0131, \u00fccretsiz yemek da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131, okullarda \u00fccretsiz olanaklar ve uluslararas\u0131 dayan\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 da i\u00e7eriyordu.<a href=\"#_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> Acil hedefi t\u00fcm kad\u0131nlara evrensel oy hakk\u0131 olsa da, emek\u00e7i kad\u0131nlar\u0131n mahkum edildikleri korkun\u00e7 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sefalete kar\u015f\u0131 insanca bir ya\u015fam i\u00e7in ilksel talepler de en az oy hakk\u0131 kadar i\u015f\u00e7i emek\u00e7i kad\u0131n m\u00fccadelesinin g\u00fcndemi ve \u00f6nceli\u011fiydi. Clara Zetkin, edit\u00f6r\u00fc oldu\u011fu E\u015fitlik dergisinde, konferans konu\u015fmalar\u0131nda oy hakk\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131flardan kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 anlama gelmedi\u011fini, tam da bu nedenle ortak bir m\u00fccadele y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcyor olsa da hem bu m\u00fccadele s\u00fcrecinin hem de kazan\u0131lacak sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n farkl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131flardan kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 anlama geldi\u011fini pek \u00e7ok kez dile getirmi\u015fti.<a href=\"#_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n oy hakk\u0131 m\u00fccadelesinde sembolle\u015fen en temel demokratik haklar\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fccadelesinin \u00f6nemine dikkat \u00e7ekip, bu m\u00fccadeleyle ekonomik ve sosyal haklar\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in verilen m\u00fccadelenin birbirinden ayr\u0131lmayan bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Bu m\u00fccadelenin temel hedefi ise -sosyalist anlay\u0131\u015f gere\u011fince- bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak kapitalizmi alt etmek, \u00fccret k\u00f6leli\u011fini, ev k\u00f6leli\u011fini ortadan kald\u0131rmak yani esasen \u00fcretim ve yeniden \u00fcretimin b\u00fct\u00fcnselli\u011fi i\u00e7inde ya\u015fanan t\u00fcm s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve tahakk\u00fcm ili\u015fkilerini y\u0131kmakt\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><em>\u201cT\u00fcm s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve tahakk\u00fcm ili\u015fkilerini y\u0131kmak\u2026\u201d<\/em> Bunun i\u00e7in -s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 toplum ve cinsiyet ezilmi\u015fli\u011fi kapitalizmden \u00e7ok \u00f6nce var oldu\u011fundan-, tahakk\u00fcm\u00fcn ekonomik bi\u00e7imi olan \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetin k\u00f6k\u00fcnden s\u00f6k\u00fclmesinden daha fazlas\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 var. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00fcretim ili\u015fkileri \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetten fazlas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Ezilmi\u015fli\u011fin ve egemenli\u011fin farkl\u0131 ili\u015fkileri, t\u00fcrleri, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmleri \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretim bi\u00e7imlerinde de varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Yani hem \u201c<em>kutsal aile<\/em>\u201dnin hem de onun g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmlerinin ortadan kalkmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fcretimin i\u00e7erdi\u011fi t\u00fcm toplumsal ili\u015fkilerin de de\u011fi\u015fmesi gerekir<em>. \u201cSosyalist anlay\u0131\u015f gere\u011fince\u201d<\/em> ufuk budur.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Marx ve Engels\u2019in Kutsal Aile kitab\u0131ndaki temel belirlemelerinden biri \u015fu:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u201c<em>Proletarya, kendi konumunda \u00f6zetlenen bug\u00fcnk\u00fc toplumun insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ortadan kald\u0131rmadan, kendi ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131ramaz. Sorun, \u015fu ya da bu proleterin, hatta b\u00fct\u00fcn proletaryan\u0131n o an i\u00e7in hangi amac\u0131 tasarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fildir. Sorun, proletaryan\u0131n ne oldu\u011fu ve bu olu\u015fa uygun olarak, tarihsel bak\u0131mdan neyi yapmak zorunda kalaca\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn18\">[18]<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Marx, proletaryan\u0131n bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak toplumu \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirmeden kendi kurtulu\u015funu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiremeyecek olan bir s\u0131n\u0131f oldu\u011funu, proletaryan\u0131n \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyeti tasfiye ederek t\u00fcm s\u0131n\u0131f ayr\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik devrimci m\u00fccadelesinin, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n evrensel kurtulu\u015funu da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirecek bir m\u00fccadele oldu\u011funu anlat\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc toplumun ortak \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca proletaryan\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131fsal \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131yla \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr, bu y\u00fczden de proletaryan\u0131n talepleri insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortak ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 temsil eder. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n bu anlamda devrimci bir s\u0131n\u0131f olmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni, felsefi de\u011fil, tamamen toplumsal ve tarihseldir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ere\u011fi ister \u015fu ya da bu olsun, eylemlili\u011finin d\u00fczeyi ve ufku ne olursa olsun, hangi farkl\u0131 ideolojik, politik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n etkisi alt\u0131nda olursa olsun\u2026. S\u0131n\u0131f \u00fcyelerinin tek tek neyi nas\u0131l alg\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u015fu an ne yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da hedefledi\u011finden \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n ortak \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 ve hedefleri do\u011frultusunda tarihsel olarak neyi yapmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6rmesi ve bu do\u011frultuda harekete ge\u00e7mesidir \u00f6nemli olan.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Tam da bu nedenle 8 Mart, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan i\u015f\u00e7i emek\u00e7i kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kendi \u00f6zg\u00fcn sorunlar\u0131 ve taleplerini g\u00fcndem etti\u011fi, mahk\u00fbm edildikleri korkun\u00e7 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sefalete kar\u015f\u0131 insanca bir ya\u015fam i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7ti\u011fi, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ezilmi\u015fli\u011finin toplumsal-maddi temelini, yani \u00fcretim ve yeniden \u00fcretim alanlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnselli\u011fi i\u00e7inde ya\u015fanan t\u00fcm s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve tahakk\u00fcm ili\u015fkilerini y\u0131kmak i\u00e7in yol ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, g\u00fc\u00e7 biriktirdi\u011fi bir g\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>8 Mart elbette Polonya\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi k\u00fcrtaj hakk\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in tekrar m\u00fccadele etti\u011fimiz, Arjantin\u2019de, Peru\u2019da, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u015fiddete kar\u015f\u0131 soka\u011fa d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz, \u0130talya\u2019da, G\u00fcney Kore ve \u0130rlanda\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi \u00fcreme sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve haklar\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz, Do\u011fu Hindistan\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi, tar\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7i kad\u0131nlar olarak toprak ve ya\u015fam \u00fccreti i\u00e7in m\u00fccadeleyi tecav\u00fcz ve cinsel tacizin son bulmas\u0131 talebiyle birlikte y\u00fckseltti\u011fimiz bir i\u00e7erikte; yani kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ezilmesinin, eme\u011fiyle ve bedeniyle s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin, t\u00fcm\u00fcyle e\u015fitsiz ko\u015fullara mahkum edilmesinin t\u00fcm deneyim ve g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmlerine kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc birle\u015ftirdi\u011fimiz bir g\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Bu deneyim t\u00fcm kad\u0131nlar\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 ipotek alt\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 da a\u00e7\u0131k.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>T\u00fcm dertleriyle, t\u00fcm farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131yla kad\u0131nlar\u0131n o alanda birlikte m\u00fccadelesinin zeminini yaratan \u201c<em>ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n<\/em>\u201d esas\u0131, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131y\u0131 kendi e\u015fitsiz g\u00fc\u00e7 ili\u015fkilerinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline getirmi\u015f olan s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc sistemidir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>8 Mart, sorunlar\u0131n yaln\u0131zca suretlerine kar\u015f\u0131 de\u011fil, esas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 da m\u00fccadelenin g\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Bu esas, yani s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc sistemi \u201c<em>s\u0131n\u0131fsald\u0131r<\/em>\u201d, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ezilmi\u015fli\u011fi bu esas\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilmez bir unsurudur, bu esasa kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele \u201cs\u0131n\u0131fsald\u0131r\u201d.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>8 Mart s\u0131n\u0131fsald\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\" \/>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gazeteduvar.com.tr\/yazarlar\/2020\/01\/14\/emegin-hali-daha-yoksul-daha-guvencesiz\/\">https:\/\/www.gazeteduvar.com.tr\/yazarlar\/2020\/01\/14\/emegin-hali-daha-yoksul-daha-guvencesiz\/<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.evrensel.net\/yazi\/85642\/ev-isleriyle-mesgul-kadinlarin-sayisi-artarken\">https:\/\/www.evrensel.net\/yazi\/85642\/ev-isleriyle-mesgul-kadinlarin-sayisi-artarken<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.evrensel.net\/yazi\/85735\/tuik-biraz-alinmis-kalbimizi-kirdin-diye-mektup-yazmis\">https:\/\/www.evrensel.net\/yazi\/85735\/tuik-biraz-alinmis-kalbimizi-kirdin-diye-mektup-yazmis<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a> Aynur \u00d6zu\u011furlu, \u201cGe\u00e7mi\u015ften Bug\u00fcne Kad\u0131n \u0130stihdam Politikalar\u0131 ve Mevcut Durum\u201d, 9-10 Kas\u0131m 2018 KESK Kad\u0131n Eme\u011fi ve \u0130stihdam\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015ftay\u0131 kitab\u0131, s.33- 37<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a> Aynur \u00d6zu\u011furlu, age. s.38<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a> Aynur \u00d6zu\u011furlu, age. s.41<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a> Onur Bak\u0131r, Haklar\u0131m\u0131z Var: \u0130\u015f\u00e7i kad\u0131nlar soruyor Ekmek ve G\u00fcl yan\u0131tl\u0131yor, Kor Kitap, 2019, sf. 278-283<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a> EMEP Kad\u0131n \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve Emek\u00e7i Bulu\u015fmalar\u0131 Raporu, 2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emep.org\/tr\/rapor-8-marta-giderken-kadin-isci-ve-emekci-bulusmalarinin-gosterdigi\/\">https:\/\/www.emep.org\/tr\/rapor-8-marta-giderken-kadin-isci-ve-emekci-bulusmalarinin-gosterdigi\/<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/2019\/04\/8-marttan-1-mayisa-bir-kriz-raporun-ardindan-notlar\/\">https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/2019\/04\/8-marttan-1-mayisa-bir-kriz-raporun-ardindan-notlar\/<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a> Ecehan Balta, Ekonomik Krizi Toplumsal Cinsiyet Ba\u011flam\u0131ndan Okumak: Hanehalk\u0131 Ge\u00e7inme Stratejileri ve Kad\u0131nlar, Toplum ve Hekim Dergisi, 2019, Cilt 34, Say\u0131:3,\u00a0 s.182<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/2019\/04\/8-marttan-1-mayisa-bir-kriz-raporun-ardindan-notlar\/\">https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/2019\/04\/8-marttan-1-mayisa-bir-kriz-raporun-ardindan-notlar\/<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a> Kad\u0131n hareketi i\u00e7inde de, farkl\u0131 alanlarda yap\u0131lan tart\u0131\u015fmalarda da kad\u0131nlar aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131fsal farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 karikat\u00fcrize eden kimi olgular\u0131n, bir s\u00fcre sonra tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u201cesas zemini\u201d haline geldi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. \u201cBen plaza \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131y\u0131m, ben m\u00fchendisim, ben \u015fuyum, bu i\u015fi yap\u0131yorum, ne yani ben 8 Mart kutlayamaz m\u0131y\u0131m?\u201d, \u201cEv kad\u0131nlar\u0131 ne olacak o zaman?\u201d, \u201cBen feministim diye i\u015f\u00e7i, emek\u00e7i de\u011fil miyim?\u201de varan bu karikat\u00fcrle\u015ftirme \u201cS\u0131n\u0131fsal farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 yaratan esas nedir?\u201d gibi esasl\u0131 bir tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n yap\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ko\u015fullarda bir yere varmayan sahte bir ayr\u0131\u015fma yarat\u0131yor. Kapitalist \u00fcretim bi\u00e7imini ve onun t\u00fcm bile\u015fen ve kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 belirli toplumsal ko\u015fullarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f tarihsel olgu ve kavramlar olarak ele almadan yap\u0131lan bu tart\u0131\u015fma; s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n salt bir ekonomik inceleme nesnesi, meslek kategorisi, teknik bir i\u015fb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011finin de \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6rt\u00fcyor. S\u0131n\u0131f farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n, \u00fccret ve ya\u015fam d\u00fczeylerinin farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011fil s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ili\u015fkilerindeki konuma, yarat\u0131lan art\u0131 de\u011ferin ve zenginliklerin b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcne dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ister m\u00fchendis, ister \u00f6\u011fretmen, ister plaza \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131, ister solcu, ister feminist, ister milliyet\u00e7i olsun, nesnel \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn ki\u015finin kendini nerede ve nas\u0131l tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil, \u00fcretim s\u00fcreci i\u00e7indeki yeri oldu\u011fu konu\u015fulam\u0131yor. \u201cKad\u0131nlar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131\u201d, \u201ckad\u0131nlar aras\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131f farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131\u201d esasl\u0131 bir tart\u0131\u015fma ve ayr\u0131 bir yaz\u0131 konusu oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, bu yaz\u0131da bir dipnotta bu kadarc\u0131k bir de\u011finme olman\u0131n \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7emeyecek.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\">[13]<\/a> Himani Bannerji, \u201cMarx\u2019tan Yeniden Do\u011fmak: Irk, Toplumsal Cinsiyet ve S\u0131n\u0131f \u00dczerine D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler\u201d, Sharzdad Mojab, Marksizm ve Feminizm, der: Shahrzad Mojab, Yordam Kitap, 2018, sy 142<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\">[14]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/sendika63.org\/2019\/12\/kizil-mi-mor-mu-572213\/#_ftn1\">https:\/\/sendika63.org\/2019\/12\/kizil-mi-mor-mu-572213\/#_ftn1<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\">[15]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/sendika63.org\/2019\/12\/mor-kizil-25-kasim-8-mart-vs-571319\/\">https:\/\/sendika63.org\/2019\/12\/mor-kizil-25-kasim-8-mart-vs-571319\/<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\">[16]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/sendika63.org\/2019\/12\/kizil-mi-mor-mu-572213\/\">https:\/\/sendika63.org\/2019\/12\/kizil-mi-mor-mu-572213\/<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\">[17]<\/a> \u00d6rne\u011fin Zetkin\u2019in \u201cKad\u0131nlara Oy Hakk\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Enternasyonal Sosyalist Kongreye sundu\u011fu karar tasar\u0131s\u0131.\u00a0 (Clara Zetkin: Se\u00e7me Yaz\u0131lar i\u00e7inde, derleyen Philip S. Foner, Nota Bene Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, sy 135-146)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\">[18]<\/a> Karl Marx&#038;Friedrich Engels; Kutsal Aile, Eri\u015f Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, sy 59<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sevda Karaca 2020 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ocak ay\u0131nda medyadan derlenen haberler en az 27 kad\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiddet sonucu ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi\u011fini ortaya koyuyor. 2010 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana her y\u0131l bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131ldan daha fazla kad\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. (2010\u2019da 180, 2011\u2019de 121, 2012\u2019de 210, 2013\u2019te 237, 2014\u2019te 293, 2015\u2019te 303, 2016\u2019da 328, 2017\u2019de 409, 2018\u2019de 440) Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l bu rakam 474\u2019e ula\u015ft\u0131. Kad\u0131n Cinayetlerini Durduraca\u011f\u0131z Platformu\u2019nun [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1136,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[509,366,350],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1135","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-40-sayi-mart-2020","category-toplumsal-cinsiyet","category-sevda-karaca"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u2018Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ezilmesinin k\u00f6keninde ne var\u2019 sorusuyla yan\u0131tlanacak soru: 8 Mart kimin g\u00fcn\u00fc?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2020\/03\/17\/kadinlarin-ezilmesinin-kokeninde-ne-var-sorusuyla-yanitlanacak-soru-8-mart-kimin-gunu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"en_EN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u2018Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ezilmesinin k\u00f6keninde ne var\u2019 sorusuyla yan\u0131tlanacak soru: 8 Mart kimin g\u00fcn\u00fc?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sevda Karaca 2020 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ocak ay\u0131nda medyadan derlenen haberler en az 27 kad\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiddet sonucu ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi\u011fini ortaya koyuyor. 2010 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana her y\u0131l bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131ldan daha fazla kad\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. (2010\u2019da 180, 2011\u2019de 121, 2012\u2019de 210, 2013\u2019te 237, 2014\u2019te 293, 2015\u2019te 303, 2016\u2019da 328, 2017\u2019de 409, 2018\u2019de 440) Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l bu rakam 474\u2019e ula\u015ft\u0131. 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