{"id":1066,"date":"2019-12-09T00:49:50","date_gmt":"2019-12-08T21:49:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/?p=1066"},"modified":"2023-01-18T13:53:22","modified_gmt":"2023-01-18T10:53:22","slug":"2023-egitim-vizyonunun-ekonomi-politigi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2019\/12\/09\/2023-egitim-vizyonunun-ekonomi-politigi\/","title":{"rendered":"2023 e\u011fitim vizyonunun ekonomi politi\u011fi"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

Ender \u015eiar Arg\u0131n<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz aylarda Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan \u201c2023 E\u011fitim Vizyonu<\/em>\u201d isimli belge, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de e\u011fitimin gelece\u011fiyle ilgili \u00f6nemli tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirdi. Mevzu, AKP ve e\u011fitim politikalar\u0131 olunca kamuoyunda* e\u011fitimin yap\u0131sal ve d\u00f6nemsel sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, k\u00f6kl\u00fc d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerin ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 vb. bir e\u011fitim plan\u0131 beklentisi zaten yoktu. Ancak belgenin yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131ndan sonraki geli\u015fmeler birka\u00e7 noktan\u0131n tekrar hat\u0131rlat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Hele e\u011fitim sistemi ve e\u011fitimin niteli\u011fine, hatta kavramsal i\u00e7eri\u011fine dair tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n lise ve \u00fcniversite \u00f6\u011frencileri aras\u0131nda yayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u2018ba\u015fka bir e\u011fitim\u2019 soru\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rece daha fazla g\u00fcndeme geldi\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemde E\u011fitim Vizyonu\u2019na ve genel olarak AKP ve egemen s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n e\u011fitim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na dair birka\u00e7 noktay\u0131 hat\u0131rlatmak \u00f6nemli olacakt\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

E\u011fitim; kavramsal i\u00e7eri\u011fi, akademik, kamusal ve ekonomik y\u00f6nleriyle olduk\u00e7a geni\u015f bir konunun ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 elbette. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc e\u011fitim, liberal e\u011fitim bilimcilerin iddia etti\u011finin aksine tarafs\u0131z bir alan de\u011fil, s\u0131n\u0131flar m\u00fccadelesiyle dolays\u0131z ba\u011f\u0131 olan bir aland\u0131r. Egemen s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n, e\u011fitimi; kendi egemenliklerinin devam\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak gen\u00e7 nesilleri gerekli bilgi ve becerilerle donatmak \u00fczere kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemeye gerek bile yok. Bu yaz\u0131da da e\u011fitimin bahsetti\u011fimiz bu esas i\u00e7eri\u011fine ve i\u015flevsel kullan\u0131m\u0131na dair bir tart\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecek, E\u011fitim Vizyonu\u2019nun bu ba\u011flamda sermaye-e\u011fitim-toplum \u00fc\u00e7geninde hangi denkleme oturdu\u011funa dair baz\u0131 sonu\u00e7lara var\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

E\u011e\u0130T\u0130M VE SINIFLAR M\u00dcCADELES\u0130 <\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

E\u011fitim s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00f6kenine dair bir ayr\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 hat\u0131rlatmak, s\u0131n\u0131flar m\u00fccadelesi ve e\u011fitim ili\u015fkisini anlamak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. \u0130ngilizce e\u011fitim anlam\u0131na gelen \u2018education\u2019 s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, okunu\u015fu birbirine benzer ancak anlamlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan birbirine z\u0131t iki Latince s\u00f6zc\u00fckten t\u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. Bu s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerden ilki, \u00f6\u011frenen \u00f6zneyi d\u0131\u015fsal ama\u00e7lar do\u011frultusunda \u00f6zel bir beceriyle donatmak i\u00e7in talim ettirmek (bireyi insan g\u00fcc\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek) anlam\u0131na gelen \u2018educare\u2019 iken ikincisi ileri g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek, \u00f6zerkle\u015fmek ya da a\u015fmak anlam\u0131na gelen \u2018educere\u2019 s\u00f6zc\u00fckleridir.[1]<\/a> Asl\u0131nda iki s\u00f6zc\u00fck i\u00e7eri\u011fi ve uygulan\u0131\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 iki e\u011fitim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ifade ediyor. Kapitalizmin ve egemen s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n e\u011fitim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ilk kelimeye daha uygun olarak \u015fekillenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

E\u011fitim, her \u015feyden \u00f6nce iktisadi yap\u0131dan, toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131n maddi temelinden ayr\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z de\u011ferlendirilemeyecek bir aland\u0131r. Kapitalist toplumda e\u011fitim, egemen s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n ideolojisini ve d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc, toplumsal olaylar\u0131 ve ili\u015fkileri yorumlama bi\u00e7imini yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n; dolays\u0131z olarak kendi s\u0131n\u0131f \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn toplumun \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 olarak form\u00fcle etmesinin ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biridir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Kapitalizmde e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131, piyasada al\u0131n\u0131p sat\u0131lan bir meta olan emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn mevcut end\u00fcstri, teknoloji ve \u00fcretimin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na uygun olarak geli\u015ftirilmesinin, bir y\u00f6n\u00fcyle yeniden \u00fcretiminin ara\u00e7lar\u0131d\u0131r. Yani emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn mevcut kapitalist rekabet ko\u015fullar\u0131nda sat\u0131n al\u0131nmaya de\u011fer bir \u00f6zellik kazanmas\u0131, bu \u00f6zelli\u011fiyle sermaye dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131na girmesi ve sermaye birikiminin kayna\u011f\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f en \u00f6nemli yap\u0131lar e\u011fitim ve e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131d\u0131r: \u201cToplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131n, \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin ve ili\u015fkilerinin egemen s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7 ve \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na uygun olarak yeniden \u00fcretimini ve s\u00fcreklili\u011fini sa\u011flamak, e\u011fitim sistemi \u00fczerinden \u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015f e\u011fitim programlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla d\u00fczene uygun ve uyumlu bireyler yeti\u015ftirmeyi gerektirir.\u201d[2]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

E\u011fitimin kapitalizmde ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu kurumsalla\u015fma d\u00fczeyi, temel olarak kapitalizmin nitelikli emek g\u00fcc\u00fcne duydu\u011fu ihtiya\u00e7tan kaynaklan\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kapitalist \u00fcretim ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda emek verimlili\u011fini artt\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik zorunluluk nitelikli emek g\u00fcc\u00fcne duyulan ihtiyac\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131r. Sermaye s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, hem sermayenin birikim ve dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131na esneklik ve h\u0131z kazand\u0131rmas\u0131 hem de rekabet ko\u015fullar\u0131nda art\u0131-de\u011feri artt\u0131racak \u015fekilde nitelikli i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc yeti\u015ftirmesi ba\u011flam\u0131nda e\u011fitime ara\u00e7sal bir anlam y\u00fckleyerek e\u011fitim-piyasa-istihdam mekanizmalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda dolays\u0131z ili\u015fkiler kurar. E\u011fitim bu ili\u015fkiler ba\u011flam\u0131nda geli\u015fir. \u00dcstelik bunlar kapitalizmin geli\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00fclkelerde mesleki e\u011fitim-genel e\u011fitim aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi de belirsizle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

D\u00dcNYA VE T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DE E\u011e\u0130T\u0130MDE NEOL\u0130BERAL D\u00d6N\u00dc\u015e\u00dcM<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u201cbilgi toplumu<\/em>\u201d, \u201cbilgi ekonomisi<\/em>\u201d, e\u011fitim reformu, ya\u015fam boyu \u00f6\u011frenme, performans kriterleri, e-\u00f6\u011frenme, verimlilik, vb. gibi e\u011fitim alan\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fimleri anlamak i\u00e7in 80\u2019li y\u0131llardan itibaren uygulamaya sokulan neoliberal ekonomi politikalar\u0131 ve bu politikalar\u0131n \u00fclkeler sath\u0131nda e\u011fitim alan\u0131na yans\u0131malar\u0131na ve uygulama y\u00f6ntemlerine bakmakta fayda var. \u201cBilgi toplumu<\/em>\u201d s\u00f6ylemine g\u00f6re e\u011fitimin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgi, bilginin niteli\u011fi ve y\u00f6netimi ekonomik rekabet i\u00e7in temel haline gelmi\u015f; y\u00fcksek becerili emek g\u00fcc\u00fcne ihtiyac\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131, verimlili\u011fi art\u0131rmak ve yeni hizmetler sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131lacak en \u00f6nemli alanlar\u0131ndan biri haline gelmi\u015ftir. Toplum ve e\u011fitim aras\u0131nda kurulan bu ili\u015fki kapitalist s\u0131n\u0131flar taraf\u0131ndan e\u011fitimde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek de\u011fi\u015fimler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir, bu tart\u0131\u015fmalara birazdan gelece\u011fiz.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Burada bir parantez a\u00e7al\u0131m. Bu yaz\u0131da e\u011fitim ve e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131 ile burjuvazinin nitelikli\/vas\u0131fl\u0131 emek g\u00fcc\u00fcne olan ihtiyac\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki dolays\u0131z ili\u015fkiyi inceliyoruz. Ancak elbette kapitalizm a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan nitelikli emek g\u00fcc\u00fcne duyulan ihtiya\u00e7, vas\u0131fs\u0131z\/niteliksiz emek g\u00fcc\u00fcne olan ihtiyac\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmaz. Aksine genel olarak ara s\u0131n\u0131f ve tabakalar\u0131n m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ferek \u00fccretli emek\u00e7iler s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na kat\u0131lmas\u0131, geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerdeki hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki vas\u0131fs\u0131z i\u015fler, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00fclkelerde eski tip \u00fcretim bi\u00e7imlerinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi ve proleterle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinin h\u0131zlanmas\u0131 vb. de kapitalizmin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc y\u00f6neliminin en \u00f6nemli unsurlar\u0131ndan biridir. Kapitalizm vas\u0131fs\u0131z emek g\u00fcc\u00fcne duydu\u011fu ihtiyac\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli bor\u00e7land\u0131rma ve m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme yollar\u0131yla, i\u015fsizler ordusunun mevcut durumuyla, e\u011fitim hakk\u0131na ula\u015famayan gen\u00e7 nesillerle vb. kar\u015f\u0131lamay\u0131 bir \u015fekilde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Bu ihtiyac\u0131n en az\u0131ndan k\u0131sa ve orta vadede ortadan kalkmas\u0131 gibi bir durumdan da s\u00f6z edemeyiz. Ancak bizim burada \u00fczerinde durdu\u011fumuz nokta; detayl\u0131 bir tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 gerektiren burjuvazinin vas\u0131fs\u0131z emek g\u00fcc\u00fcne ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 incelemek de\u011fil, \u2018e\u011fitim\u2019 alan\u0131 ile mevcut hedefleri ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi, bununla birlikte nitelikli emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn kapitalistler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan k\u0131ymetini soru\u015fturmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar e\u011fitimde ama\u00e7 ve amaca uygun m\u00fcfredat\u0131n \u015fekillenmesi, rekabet ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n ve piyasan\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak sermaye \u00e7evrelerinin ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin \u00e7e\u015fitli reformlar\u0131na konu olmu\u015ftur. 2023 E\u011fitim Vizyonu da asl\u0131nda bu ba\u011flamda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ve AKP\u2019nin e\u011fitim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u2018\u00f6zg\u00fc\u2019 olmayan, d\u00fcnyadaki egemen e\u011fitim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla olan ili\u015fkisiyle de tart\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z\u0131n konusudur.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bug\u00fcn OECD ve D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131’n\u0131n teknik \u201cinsan kaynaklar\u0131<\/em>\u201d ve \u201cinsan sermayesi<\/em>\u201d yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 e\u011fitimin her d\u00fczeyinde ba\u015fat hale gelmi\u015ftir.[3]<\/a> E\u011fitimin i\u00e7eri\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde piyasan\u0131n taleplerine uyarlanmakta ve piyasan\u0131n talepleri do\u011frultusunda \u201cinsan g\u00fcc\u00fc yeti\u015ftirme<\/em>\u201d hedeflenmektedir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de neoliberal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm politikalar\u0131 24 Ocak kararlar\u0131 ve 1980 darbesi sonras\u0131 uygulamaya sokulan yap\u0131sal uyum ve istikrar programlar\u0131yla g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015ftir. Kamu harcamalar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131 ve piyasa-e\u011fitim ili\u015fkisiyle \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmelerin ilk ad\u0131mlar\u0131 \u201ckendi okulunu kendin yap<\/em>\u201d s\u00f6ylemiyle \u00f6rt\u00fck bi\u00e7imde at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hatta 80 sonras\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 1965 y\u0131l\u0131nda kabul edilen \u00d6zel \u00d6\u011fretim Kurumlar\u0131 Kanunu, 60\u2019lar\u0131n sonunda g\u00fcndeme gelen \u00f6zel meslek y\u00fcksekokullar\u0131 giri\u015fimi ve \u00f6zel okul te\u015fviklerinin artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ba\u011flamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. 80 sonras\u0131 ilk kalk\u0131nma plan\u0131 olan 5 y\u0131ll\u0131k planda e\u011fitimde \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmeye dair ad\u0131mlar, \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k ifadelerle belirtilmi\u015ftir: \u201cDevlet-i\u015f\u00e7i-i\u015fverenin kat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 mesleki yayg\u0131n e\u011fitim fonu kurulacakt\u0131r<\/em>\u201d, \u201c\u00f6zel okullar te\u015fvik edilecektir<\/em>\u201d, \u201ce\u011fitim hizmetlerinin maliyetine kat\u0131lma uygulamalar\u0131na ba\u015flanacakt\u0131r<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

E\u011fitim alan\u0131ndaki esas \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme ad\u0131mlar\u0131 kamusal e\u011fitimin finansman\u0131ndan devlet deste\u011finin \u00e7ekilmesi, bu deste\u011fin \u00f6zel okullar yarar\u0131na kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, e\u011fitimin her d\u00fczeyinin \u00e7e\u015fitli bi\u00e7imlerde paral\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla (katk\u0131 pay\u0131, har\u00e7 vb.) at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

YEN\u0130 E\u011e\u0130T\u0130M ANLAYI\u015eI VE HEDEFLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

90\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llardan itibaren uluslararas\u0131 sermayenin de deste\u011fiyle e\u011fitimdeki d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm daha sistematik bir hale geldi. D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131-MEB aras\u0131nda imzalanan protokoller, Avrupa Konseyi ile imzalanan protokol ve \u201cTemel E\u011fitime Destek Projesi<\/em>\u201d, 98\u2019de imzalanan GATS, Bologna S\u00fcreci vb. etaplarla bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00d6zelle\u015ftirme ad\u0131mlar\u0131yla birlikte e\u011fitimin i\u00e7eri\u011fi de bir yandan piyasan\u0131n ve istihdam politikalar\u0131n\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na yan\u0131t verecek bir yandan da post-modern e\u011fitim, bilim ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecek bi\u00e7imde dizayn edilmi\u015ftir. Giri\u015fimcilik, liderlik, kariyer planlama, bilin\u00e7li t\u00fcketicilik vb. e\u011fitimin hedefleri haline getirilmi\u015ftir.[4]<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

1980\u2019lerden itibaren daha \u00f6ncesinde bir vatanda\u015fl\u0131k hakk\u0131 olarak tarif edilen e\u011fitim, yar\u0131-kamusal bir hizmet olma \u00f6zelli\u011fi kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 90\u2019lardan itibaren ise neoliberal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm politikalar\u0131yla birlikte e\u011fitim ile istihdam politikalar\u0131 i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f, kapitalizmin mesleki e\u011fitime y\u00fckledi\u011fi misyon b\u00fct\u00fcn bir e\u011fitim sistemine y\u00fcklenmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda 1990\u2019lardan sonraki e\u011fitim politikalar\u0131; Avrupa ve ABD merkezli post-modern \u201cbilgi toplumu<\/em>\u201d ve \u201ceme\u011fin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc<\/em>\u201d vb. tezlerle de beslenmi\u015f, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki sermaye \u00e7evreleri i\u00e7inde yayg\u0131nla\u015fan \u201crekabet<\/em>\u201d, \u201cverimlilik<\/em>\u201d, \u201cnitelikli i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc<\/em>\u201d, \u201cya\u015fam boyu e\u011fitim<\/em>\u201d vb. gibi kavramlar \u00fczerinden \u015fekillenmi\u015ftir.[5]<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ya\u015fam boyu e\u011fitim tekelci burjuvazi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan nitelikli emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn yeti\u015ftirilmesinin \u00f6tesinde bir anlam ta\u015f\u0131r. De\u011fi\u015fen piyasa ko\u015fullar\u0131na ayak uydurmay\u0131 sa\u011flayacak \u2018esnekli\u011fi\u2019 ve beceriyi de kazand\u0131rmas\u0131 ya\u015fam boyu e\u011fitimin en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u2018avantajlar\u0131ndan\u2019 birisidir. 1970\u2019lerde \u00f6rg\u00fcn e\u011fitimin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan toplumsal kesimleri hedefleyen bir kavram olarak kullan\u0131lan ya\u015fam boyu e\u011fitim, 90\u2019lardan sonra hedef geni\u015fletmi\u015f, piyasa mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131yla \u00f6\u011frenim faaliyeti b\u00fct\u00fcn ya\u015fama yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, tek tek bireyleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fam\u0131nda daha esnek ve daha nitelikli hale getirecek form\u00fclasyonun temel k\u00f6\u015fe ta\u015flar\u0131ndan biri olmu\u015ftur. Bu form\u00fclasyona g\u00f6re e\u011fitimin kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlar yayg\u0131nla\u015facak, ki\u015fisel geli\u015fim ve donan\u0131m \u00f6nem kazanacak, b\u00f6ylelikle \u00fcniversite diplomalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra sertifika programlar\u0131, meslek edinme kurslar\u0131, ki\u015fisel geli\u015fim merkezleri sermayenin ve i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu esneklik ve beceriye uygun bireyleri yeti\u015ftirecektir. Ya\u015fam boyu e\u011fitim y\u00f6neliminin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 esneklik genel olarak e\u011fitim alan\u0131n\u0131n esnekle\u015ftirilmesini beraberinde getirecektir:[6]<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u201cGelece\u011fin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in e\u011fitim ortak bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr olarak \u00fcretmek yerine, onlara h\u0131zla ve de\u011fi\u015fen ko\u015fullarda kolayca uygulamaya koyabilecekleri temel ve genel \u015feyleri \u00f6\u011fretmeli.(\u2026) E\u011fitimin ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in en kolay yol, e\u011fitim sistemini daha da esnekle\u015ftirmektir. Devlet okullar\u0131 sistemi, herkesin toplumsal kaderine ve finansal kapasitesine uygun bir e\u011fitim almas\u0131na yol a\u00e7acak rekabet\u00e7i bir e\u011fitim sistemine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmelidir.\u201d[7]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede e\u011fitim politikalar\u0131n\u0131n temel belirleyeni istihdam piyasalar\u0131 olmu\u015f, bu do\u011frultuda rekabeti sa\u011flayacak, kendisini h\u0131zl\u0131 ve esnek teknolojik de\u011fi\u015fimler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli yenileyecek, g\u00fcncel teknolojik bilgiyi hem \u00fcretecek hem de uygulayacak, h\u0131zl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimlere ayak uydurabilmek i\u00e7in \u2018\u00f6\u011frenmeyi \u00f6\u011frenecek\u2019 bir i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc yeti\u015ftirilmesi ihtiyac\u0131 temel motivasyon kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylelikle e\u011fitim-istihdam ili\u015fkisi temelinde ortaya koyulan planlamayla, e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131, bu kurumlarda \u00fcretilen bilginin niteli\u011finin de\u011fi\u015fimini ve bu kurumlardaki \u00f6\u011frencilerin potansiyel birer i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcp donan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan politikalar \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve \u00e7e\u015fitli s\u00f6ylem ve kavramlar geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. \u201c\u00c7a\u011fa ayak uyduran<\/em>\u201d bir e\u011fitim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, burjuvazinin, uluslararas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 ve rekabet dengeleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan eskisinden daha fazla \u00f6nem verdi\u011fi bir mesele olarak g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de b\u00fcy\u00fck sermaye \u00e7evrelerinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinden T\u00dcS\u0130AD bahsetti\u011fimiz e\u011fitim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na denk d\u00fc\u015fecek ilk ad\u0131mlar\u0131 atm\u0131\u015f, 1994\u00a0 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u2018T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ve D\u00fcnyada Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim, Bilim ve Teknoloji\u2019 isimli raporuyla, e\u011fitimin ticarile\u015ftirilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki isteklerini yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, hatta raporun daha ilk maddesinde bilgi toplumu ve k\u00fcreselle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinin gerektirdi\u011fi insan profilini a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kla ifade etmi\u015f ve \u00fcniversitelerin bu yeni tipte insan\u0131n yeti\u015ftirme merkezleri olarak d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesini talep etmi\u015ftir.[8]<\/a> T\u00dcS\u0130AD\u2019IN bu raporu, bir bak\u0131ma e\u011fitim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ve bu anlay\u0131\u015fa denk d\u00fc\u015fen e\u011fitim sisteminin yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u2018strateji belgesi\u2019 olarak sonraki s\u00fcreci b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u015fekillendirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Sonras\u0131nda Y\u00d6K taraf\u0131ndan at\u0131lan ad\u0131mlar \u00fcniversitelerin bu planlamaya uygun yap\u0131lanmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7e\u015fitli uygulamalarla Y\u00d6K, \u00fcniversitelerde e\u011fitim-sanayi ili\u015fkisini kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, piyasa ekonomisi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda rekabet\u00e7i bir e\u011fitim s\u00fcreci kurgulam\u0131\u015f; verimlilik, standartla\u015fma, kalite vb. gibi kavramlarla bu s\u00fcrecin stratejilerini geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Kul\u00fcp ve topluluklar\u0131n faaliyetlerinden, e\u011fitim m\u00fcfredat\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fine, \u00fcniversitenin y\u00f6netim organizasyonundan, toplumsal pozisyonuna neredeyse \u00fcniversitelerin b\u00fct\u00fcn alanlar\u0131nda bu anlay\u0131\u015f ve y\u00f6nelim temel belirleyici etken haline gelmi\u015ftir. \u00dcniversitelerin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcne dair at\u0131lan ad\u0131mlar aras\u0131nda 1996\u2019da g\u00fcndeme gelen Y\u00d6K Yasa Tasar\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. Tasar\u0131, y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011frenimin temel sorununu “\u00fcniversitelerin mevcut yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, uluslararas\u0131 pazar\u0131n kalite standartlar\u0131na tam anlam\u0131yla uyum sa\u011flamakta zorlanmas\u0131<\/em>” olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015f, bu sorunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc olarak da piyasa ili\u015fkilerine g\u00f6re tan\u0131mlanan, e\u011fitimin i\u00e7eri\u011fini, idari ve mali yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, akademik i\u015fleyi\u015fini, bizzat sermaye \u00e7evrelerinin i\u00e7inde yer alarak belirledi\u011fi bir \u00fcniversite modeli ortaya koymu\u015ftur.[9]<\/a> \u00dcniversitelerin fiili olarak sermayenin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f kurumlar olmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki e\u011filimin ilk ad\u0131mlar\u0131 bu tasar\u0131da bulunabilir. Sonras\u0131nda \u00fcniversitelere dair g\u00fcndeme getirilen hemen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc reformun da bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. Yine Y\u00d6K\u2019\u00fcn 2006 raporunda \u00fcniversitelerin kalk\u0131nma ve rekabet ko\u015fullar\u0131nda \u2018yol g\u00f6sterici\u2019 i\u015fleviyle ve kalk\u0131nman\u0131n temel \u2018\u00f6znesi\u2019 olarak vurgulanmas\u0131 bu anlamda \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

KAP\u0130TAL\u0130ST SINIFLAR VE E\u011e\u0130T\u0130M\u0130N RE-ORGAN\u0130ZASYONU<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

E\u011fitimin kapitalist \u00fcretim ili\u015fkilerinin geli\u015fen ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na uygun yeniden \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesinde T\u00fcrkiye burjuvazisinin att\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131mlar dair birka\u00e7 hat\u0131rlatma \u00f6nemli olacakt\u0131r. Avrupa ve ABD merkezli e\u011fitim modelini yakalamak isteyen tekelci burjuvazinin \u00e7e\u015fitli fraksiyonlar\u0131, e\u011fitime dair beklentilerini ve isteklerini \u2018hi\u00e7 \u00e7ekinmeden\u2019 dile getirmi\u015f, piyasa-e\u011fitim aras\u0131nda kurulan ili\u015fkiyi gizleme gere\u011fi bile duymam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

T\u00dcS\u0130AD\u2019\u0131n 2006\u2019daki raporunda nitelikli emek g\u00fcc\u00fc-rekabet ili\u015fkisi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde e\u011fitimde kimi yap\u0131land\u0131rmalara i\u015faret edilmi\u015f, vurgu \u2018insan sermayesi\u2019ne yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u201c\u2026 E\u011fitim ve di\u011fer \u00f6\u011frenme ara\u00e7lar\u0131yla kazan\u0131lan beceriler, bireyleri daha verimli k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. (\u2026) E\u011fitim bir yandan i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn hareketlili\u011finin (uyum g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc) artt\u0131r\u0131rken, di\u011fer yandan nitelikli i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc d\u00fczeyini artt\u0131rarak sermayenin de hareketlilik kazanmas\u0131na katk\u0131 yapmaktad\u0131r.\u201d[10]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

T\u00dcS\u0130AD, yine 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 E\u011fitim ve S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir B\u00fcy\u00fcme isimli raporunun hen\u00fcz giri\u015f c\u00fcmlelerinde destekledi\u011fi ekonomi ve e\u011fitim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kla ilan etmi\u015ftir: \u201cT\u00dcS\u0130AD, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de liberal ekonomi kurallar\u0131n\u0131n yerle\u015fmesinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, \u00fclkenin insan ve do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n teknolojik yeniliklerle desteklenerek en etkin bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131; verimlilik ve kalite y\u00fckseli\u015fini s\u00fcrekli k\u0131lacak ortam\u0131n yarat\u0131lmas\u0131 yoluyla rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 hedef alan politikalar\u0131 destekler.\u201d<\/em>[11]<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Yine M\u00dcS\u0130AD\u2019\u0131n 2006 raporunda E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerine E\u011fitim ve \u0130nsan Kaynaklar\u0131 Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurulmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u00f6nerisi, \u2018insan sermayesi\u2019 ve \u2018nitelikli i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc\u2019 y\u00f6neliminin yans\u0131malar\u0131ndan biri olarak dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. T\u00dcRKONFED\u2019in 2006 raporu da \u00f6nemli tespit ve taleplerle \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. \u00d6nceli\u011fin mesleki e\u011fitimde oldu\u011fu daha ilk c\u00fcmlelerden ilan ediliyor: \u201cDe\u011fi\u015fim ve geli\u015fimin h\u0131z kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde, yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir mesleki ve teknik e\u011fitimin istihdam piyasas\u0131na ve ekonomiye kazand\u0131raca\u011f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 ve ivme tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmazd\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d[12]<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ancak raporun toplam\u0131nda mesleki e\u011fitim ve istihdam piyasalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kurulan ili\u015fkinin, t\u00fcm genel e\u011fitimi kapsayacak bi\u00e7imde de\u011fi\u015fim ge\u00e7irdi\u011finin tespit edilmesi \u00f6nemlidir. Yine rekabet ko\u015fullar\u0131na yap\u0131lan vurgu, uluslararas\u0131 rekabette T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin gen\u00e7 n\u00fcfusu ile \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak, gen\u00e7lerin i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131racak \u00f6nlemlerin talep edilmesi ve e\u011fitimin bu ihtiya\u00e7larla yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na duyulan ihtiya\u00e7 raporun dikkat \u00e7ekici noktalar\u0131ndan biridir: \u201c\u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nemde, e\u011fitim, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin gen\u00e7 n\u00fcfus yap\u0131s\u0131ndan ve i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu demografik de\u011fi\u015fimden yararlanmas\u0131na ve insani geli\u015fme ve rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fc alanlar\u0131nda geli\u015fme sa\u011flamas\u0131na katk\u0131 yapabilecek tek ortak fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr ve \u00fclkemiz i\u00e7in stratejik \u00f6nemdedir.<\/em>\u201d[13]<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u00d6zetle, sermaye \u00e7evreleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan e\u011fitim ara\u00e7salla\u015fm\u0131\u015f; nitelikli emek g\u00fcc\u00fc yeti\u015ftirmeye ve meslek kazand\u0131rmaya indirgenen bir faaliyet haline gelmi\u015ftir. E\u011fitim faaliyetlerinin entelekt\u00fcel y\u00f6n\u00fc zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015f, teknik ve \u00fcretimci piyasa anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na mahkum edilmi\u015f, bilginin metala\u015fma s\u00fcreciyle bu y\u00f6nelim g\u00fc\u00e7lenmi\u015ftir. Ki\u015fisel ilgi alanlar\u0131 ve yetenekleri kazanma, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, bili\u015fsel ve bedensel donan\u0131m edinme, analitik-bilimsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme vb. gibi i\u015flevler arka planda tutulmu\u015f, i\u015f piyasalar\u0131 nezdinde bireylerin b\u00fct\u00fcn ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 kendilerini daha verimli ve esnek k\u0131lacak bilgiyi edinmeleri buna uygun bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeleri hedefine g\u00f6re \u00e7izilmi\u015ftir. E\u011fitim ve bilimsel bilgi, rekabetin temel avantaj\u0131 olarak stratejik bir \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015f, emperyalizm ko\u015fullar\u0131nda bu stratejik \u00f6neme uygun ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u201cE\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda rekabet ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, bireylerin mesleki yeterliliklerini, verimliliklerini artt\u0131rmak ad\u0131na sertifika ve benzeri programlar, \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r ve \u00fcniversiteler taraf\u0131ndan pazarlanarak e\u011fitimde metala\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcreci yo\u011funla\u015farak artm\u0131\u015f, \u00f6\u011frenciler e\u011fitimlerine devam ederken bile, potansiyel birer i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve b\u00f6ylece e\u011fitimin \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131 olan \u00f6\u011frenciler istihdam piyasalar\u0131n\u0131n girdisi olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d[14]<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

E\u011e\u0130T\u0130M V\u0130ZYONU VE ORTA\u00d6\u011eRET\u0130M\u0130N D\u00d6N\u00dc\u015e\u00dcM\u00dc<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

2023 E\u011fitim Vizyonu tam da bu denklemde \u00f6nemli bir yere oturuyor. K\u0131saca \u00f6zetlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z s\u00fcrecin, piyasa ve istihdam merkezli bir e\u011fitim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00fczerine tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmay\u0131 hak ediyor. \u015eimdiye kadar e\u011fitim vizyonunun \u00e7e\u015fitli ve\u00e7helerine, felsefi ve ideolojik y\u00f6nlerine, insan ve toplum anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na dair tart\u0131\u015fmalar g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015f, ancak ekonomi ve politik pozisyonuna dair tart\u0131\u015fmalar daha arka planda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Vizyon Belgesi; demokratik, bilimsel, ana dilinde e\u011fitim gibi temel sorunlar\u0131 g\u00f6rmezden gelmesi, \u00f6znel idealist ve teolojik i\u00e7eri\u011fi itibariyle ve felsefi y\u00f6nleriyle de ele\u015ftirilmeyi hak ediyor elbette.[15]<\/a> Ancak buradaki derdimiz sermaye s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 ve e\u011fitim ili\u015fkisinin somut \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak E\u011fitim Vizyonu\u2019na bakmak oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu sorunu ba\u015fka bir tart\u0131\u015fmaya b\u0131rakmakla yetinelim. Belgede dikkat \u00e7eken birka\u00e7 noktay\u0131 buraya ta\u015f\u0131mak, toplamda belgenin pozisyonuna dair yorumumuza yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

E\u011fitim Vizyonu belgesinin hemen her b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde en \u00f6nemli vurgu 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na uygun insan tipi yeti\u015ftirmektir ve buna uygun bi\u00e7imde e\u011fitim politikalar\u0131n\u0131 dizayn etmek; bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede belgenin misyonu olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Yukar\u0131da hat\u0131rlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gibi asl\u0131nda bu dizayn s\u00fcreci 90\u2019lardan itibaren, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz ko\u015fullar\u0131na ve sermayenin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na uygun beceri ve yeterliliklere uygun bireyler yeti\u015ftirme y\u00f6nelimi olarak TUS\u0130AD, M\u00dcS\u0130AD raporlar\u0131n\u0131n, Y\u00d6K uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n bir devam projesinden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fil. \u00d6rne\u011fin biyo-teknoloji, ak\u0131ll\u0131 \u015fehirler ve insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n gelece\u011fi, yapay zek\u00e2 uygulamalar\u0131, g\u00fc\u00e7, egemenlik ve uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler, \u00e7evresel g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcklere kar\u015f\u0131 yarat\u0131c\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar, insan-makine etkile\u015fimi vb. gibi dersler sertifika ve proje dersleri olarak; finans, y\u00f6netim bilimleri, i\u015fletme, Python kodlama, giri\u015fimcilik vb. gibi dersler se\u00e7meli dersler olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131yor; g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz teknolojik geli\u015fmelerine ve \u00fcretimin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na uygun gen\u00e7 ve nitelikli i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc yeti\u015ftirme talebi \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.[16]<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Sekt\u00f6r ve sekt\u00f6rel i\u015fbirli\u011fi kavramlar\u0131 da defalarca kullan\u0131larak hemen her b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, ana eksenin piyasa merkezli e\u011fitim oldu\u011fu hat\u0131rlat\u0131l\u0131yor, e\u011fitimde yap\u0131lacak kimi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerin de sermayenin ve i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcnde olaca\u011f\u0131 ilan ediliyor. Ayr\u0131ca son d\u00f6nemde i\u015f garantili \u2018\u00f6zel meslek liseleri\u2019 vb. ad\u0131mlarla daha fazla g\u00fcndeme gelen, Vizyon Belgesi\u2019nde ise sekt\u00f6rel i\u015fbirli\u011fi ve ortakl\u0131klarla daha derli toplu ifade edilen bu uygulamalar\u0131n, yine yukar\u0131da de\u011findi\u011fimiz kamusal e\u011fitim finansman\u0131ndan devlet deste\u011finin \u00e7ekilmesi ve burjuvazinin deste\u011fine, ayn\u0131 zamanda tasarrufuna ve inisiyatifine b\u0131rak\u0131lma s\u00fcrecinin de devam\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu s\u00fcreci olduk\u00e7a h\u0131zland\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. AKP\u2019nin 24 Haziran se\u00e7im beyannamesinde de organize sanayi b\u00f6lgelerine yeni meslek liseleri kurulmas\u0131na ve meslek liselerinin \u00fcretimin g\u00fcncel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131yla \u015fekillenece\u011fine dair maddeleri hat\u0131rlayabiliriz. Vizyon Belgesi\u2019nin gizlemedi\u011fi ger\u00e7ek a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r: Mesleki ve teknik e\u011fitim modeline sekt\u00f6r temsilcilerinin (i\u015f insanlar\u0131, giri\u015fimciler vb.) kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flanacak, i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131ndaki ve ekonomideki h\u0131zl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimlere cevap verebilecek esnek bir e\u011fitim planlamas\u0131 yap\u0131lacak, \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn ve sermayenin rol\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilecek, odalar ve borsalara (ve patronlara) \u00e7ok daha fazla sorumluluk verilecek. \u201cEsnek ve mod\u00fcler m\u00fcfredat<\/em>\u201d diye sunulan mesleki e\u011fitim planlamas\u0131 daha fazla ucuz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc beraberinde getirecek.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ortaokul ve lise d\u00fczeyinde planlanan tasar\u0131m-beceri at\u00f6lyelerinin, uzunca bir s\u00fcredir mesleki e\u011fitim-genel e\u011fitim aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131m\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na dair y\u00f6nelimi h\u0131zland\u0131rmak \u00fczere tasarland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. Ayr\u0131ca mesleki e\u011fitim ile ilgili yeni d\u00fczenlemeler, Vizyon Belgesi\u2019ne sermayenin \u2018teknik ve kalifiye eleman\u2019 ihtiyac\u0131na h\u0131zla cevap vermek \u00fczere yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n somut kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak yans\u0131yor. \u00d6yle ki yeni e\u011fitim plan\u0131na g\u00f6re mesleki e\u011fitime 9. s\u0131n\u0131flarda ba\u015flanmas\u0131, 11. s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n haftada 3 g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn ve 12. s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n stajda ge\u00e7irilmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. B\u00f6ylece hali haz\u0131rda meslek liselerinde ba\u015fat sorun olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan staj sorunu, yeni d\u00fczenlemeyle daha da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcms\u00fcz bir s\u00fcrece girecek, \u00f6\u011frencilerin orta\u00f6\u011frenim s\u00fcrecinin 2 y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011frudan sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn ucuz i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131lacak.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Yine E\u011fitim Vizyonu belgesinde dikkat \u00e7eken bir ba\u015fka de\u011fi\u015fiklik kariyer planlamas\u0131 ve rehberlik uygulamalar\u0131na dair. Genel anlamda y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim alan\u0131na dair giri\u015fimcilik, liderlik, kariyer vb. gibi kavramlar, Vizyon Belgesi\u2019nde mesleki ilerlemeyi ve rehberlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na dair bir de\u011fi\u015fimi i\u015faret ederek orta\u00f6\u011fretimin de bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ve y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim ile i\u015fbirli\u011finin \u00f6nemli ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 olarak kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k buluyor. Kariyer ofisleri olarak g\u00fcndeme gelen yeni uygulama, asl\u0131nda rehberlik ve dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k i\u015flevinin piyasa ve sekt\u00f6rel ihtiya\u00e7lara do\u011fru geni\u015fletilmi\u015f bi\u00e7imi olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor: \u201cOkullarda rehberlik ve psikolojik dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k alan\u0131nda, adaylar\u0131n uygulama becerilerinin geli\u015ftirilmesine \u00f6nem veren, nitelikli uzman personel yeti\u015ftirilmesi hususunda Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Kurulu ile i\u015f birli\u011fi yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d[17]<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u00d6zet olarak Vizyon Belgesi ile a\u00e7\u0131klanan yeni orta\u00f6\u011fretim modeli asl\u0131nda d\u00fcnyada ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 90\u2019lardan beri e\u011fitim alan\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen neo-liberal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn orta\u00f6\u011fretime do\u011fru geni\u015fletilmi\u015f hali olarak ilan edildi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. 2023 E\u011fitim Vizyonu, piyasa ekonomisi ko\u015fullar\u0131nda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na uyumlu, rekabet edebilecek bireyler, yani verimli ve nitelikli emek g\u00fcc\u00fc yeti\u015ftirmeye odaklanarak s\u0131n\u0131fsal niteli\u011fini ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Mevcut haliyle yeni e\u011fitim modelinin AKP\u2019nin politik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 ve burjuvazinin ekonomik ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131yla \u015fekillendi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. B\u00f6yle bir e\u011fitim modelinin t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada oldu\u011fu gibi e\u011fitimin yap\u0131sal ve sistemik sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n hemen hi\u00e7birini \u00e7\u00f6zmeyece\u011fini, hatta derinle\u015ftirece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek yanl\u0131\u015f olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n

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[1]<\/a> \u00d6zsoy, S. (2011), \u201cBilginin Metala\u015fma S\u00fcreci: \u2018E\u011fitimdeki Yap\u0131sal D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u2019e \u0130li\u015fkin Baz\u0131 \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131mlar\u201d, Fuat Ercan ve Serap Korkusuz Kurt (der.), Metala\u015fma ve \u0130ktidar\u0131n Bask\u0131s\u0131ndaki \u00dcniversite<\/em> i\u00e7inde, \u0130stanbul: Sosyal Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Vakf\u0131, sf. 130.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[2]<\/a> Aydo\u011fano\u011flu, E.(2017, Eyl\u00fcl 22), E\u011fitim \u00fczerinden s\u0131n\u0131fsal ayr\u0131\u015fma<\/em>, Evrensel Gazetesi, https:\/\/www.evrensel.net\/yazi\/79919\/egitim-uzerinden-sinifsal-ayrisma<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 11.11.2019)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[3]<\/a> Say\u0131lan, F., K\u00fcresel Akt\u00f6rler (DB ve GATS) ve E\u011fitimde Neo-Liberal D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm<\/em>, sf. 44 https:\/\/www.jmo.org.tr\/resimler\/ekler\/1e03cc77d4bbd6b_ek.pdf?dergi=HABER%2520B%25DCLTEN%25DD<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 11.11.2019)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[4]<\/a> Say\u0131lan, F., K\u00fcresel Akt\u00f6rler (DB ve GATS) ve E\u011fitimde Neo-Liberal D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm<\/em>, sf. 49<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[5]<\/a> Uzunyayla, Ferda ve Ercan, Fuat(2011), T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de E\u011fitim Sistemine Y\u00f6nelik Yeni Talepler ve Yeni Akt\u00f6rlere S\u0131n\u0131fsal Bir Bak\u0131\u015f<\/em>, Fuat Ercan ve Serap Korkusuz Kurt(Der.), Metala\u015fma ve \u0130ktidar\u0131n Bask\u0131s\u0131ndaki \u00dcniversite<\/em> i\u00e7inde, \u0130stanbul: Sosyal Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Vakf\u0131, sf. 198.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[6]<\/a> Uzunyayla ve Ercan, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de E\u011fitim Sistemine Y\u00f6nelik Yeni Talepler ve Yeni Akt\u00f6rlere S\u0131n\u0131fsal Bir Bak\u0131\u015f<\/em>, sf. 200<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[7]<\/a> Hirtt\u2019ten aktaran Uzunyayla ve Ercan, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de E\u011fitim Sistemine Y\u00f6nelik Yeni Talepler ve Yeni Akt\u00f6rlere S\u0131n\u0131fsal Bir Bak\u0131\u015f<\/em>, sf.201<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[8]<\/a> G\u00fcr\u00fcz, K., \u015euhubi, E., \u015eeng\u00f6r, C., T\u00fcrker, K., Yurtsever, E.(1994), T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ve D\u00fcnyada Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim, Bilim ve Teknoloji<\/em>, https:\/\/www.tusiad.org\/tr\/yayinlar\/raporlar\/item\/8926-turkiyede-ve-dunyada-yuksek-ogretim-bilim-ve-teknoloji-raporu<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 12.11.2019)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[9]<\/a> Emin, Y. (1997) 1997’de gen\u00e7li\u011fin g\u00fcndemi<\/em><\/a>,\u00a0\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck D\u00fcnyas\u0131<\/em>, 84, https:\/\/ozgurlukdunyasi.org\/arsiv\/374-sayi-084\/1509-1997de-gencligin-gundemi<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 8.11.2019)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[10]<\/a> Uzunyayla ve Ercan, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de E\u011fitim Sistemine Y\u00f6nelik Yeni Talepler ve Yeni Akt\u00f6rlere S\u0131n\u0131fsal Bir Bak\u0131\u015f<\/em>, sf.204<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrk Sanayicileri ve \u0130\u015f Adamlar\u0131 Derne\u011fi, E\u011fitim ve S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir B\u00fcy\u00fcme<\/em>, sf. 4, https:\/\/www.tusiad.org\/tr\/yayinlar\/raporlar\/item\/3611-egitim-ve-surdurulebilir-buyume-turkiye-deneyimi-riskler-ve-firsatlar<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 11.11.2019).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[12]<\/a> T\u00fcrk Giri\u015fim ve \u0130\u015f D\u00fcnyas\u0131 Konfederasyonu, Haziran \u201906 \u201907 Faaliyet Raporu<\/em>, sf. 15, http:\/\/www.turkonfed.org\/tr\/detay\/178\/turkonfed-2006-faaliyet-raporu\/<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 11.11.2019).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[13]<\/a> Uzunyayla ve Ercan, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de E\u011fitim Sistemine Y\u00f6nelik Yeni Talepler ve Yeni Akt\u00f6rlere S\u0131n\u0131fsal Bir Bak\u0131\u015f<\/em>, sf. 205<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[14]<\/a> Uzunyayla ve Ercan, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de E\u011fitim Sistemine Y\u00f6nelik Yeni Talepler ve Yeni Akt\u00f6rlere S\u0131n\u0131fsal Bir Bak\u0131\u015f<\/em>, sf.218<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[15]<\/a> E\u011fitimin egemen s\u0131n\u0131flar eliyle d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn elbette farkl\u0131 y\u00f6nleri de mevcut. AKP\u2019li y\u0131llarda gittik\u00e7e kurumsalla\u015fan dini e\u011fitim meselesi; e\u011fitimin dinci-gerici de\u011ferlere g\u00f6re dizayn edilmesi, i\u00e7eri\u011finin dogmatik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerle \u015fekillendirilmesi, tarikat\/dinci yap\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesine a\u00e7\u0131k hale getirilmesi vb. de bu y\u00f6nlerden biri ve ku\u015fkusuz \u00f6nemsiz de\u011fil. Ancak yaz\u0131 genel hatlar\u0131yla e\u011fitim-sanayi-sermaye ili\u015fkisini inceledi\u011fi ve \u2018e\u011fitimin gericile\u015ftirilmesi\u2019 meselesi ba\u015fka bir tart\u0131\u015fma-incelemeyi hak etti\u011finden \u00fczerinde durulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[16]<\/a> Kurul, N. (13 Haziran 2019) \u201c\u0130yi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn iyi olsun hali: 2023 E\u011fitim Vizyonu ve orta\u00f6\u011fretim tasar\u0131m\u0131<\/em>\u201d, Gazete Duvar, https:\/\/www.gazeteduvar.com.tr\/forum\/2019\/06\/13\/iyi-dusun-iyi-olsun-hali-2023-egitim-vizyonu-ve-ortaogretim-tasarimi\/<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 11.11.2019)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[17]<\/a> 2023 E\u011fitim Vizyonu, sf. 54, http:\/\/www.ogretmenx.com\/2023_VIZYON.pdf<\/a> (Eri\u015fim Tarihi: 8.11.2019)<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ender \u015eiar Arg\u0131n Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz aylarda Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan \u201c2023 E\u011fitim Vizyonu\u201d isimli belge, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de e\u011fitimin gelece\u011fiyle ilgili \u00f6nemli tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirdi. Mevzu, AKP ve e\u011fitim politikalar\u0131 olunca kamuoyunda* e\u011fitimin yap\u0131sal ve d\u00f6nemsel sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, k\u00f6kl\u00fc d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerin ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 vb. bir e\u011fitim plan\u0131 beklentisi zaten yoktu. Ancak belgenin yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131ndan sonraki geli\u015fmeler birka\u00e7 noktan\u0131n tekrar hat\u0131rlat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Hele […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1067,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[506,387,307],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1066","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-37-sayi-aralik-2019","category-egitim","category-ender-siar-argin"],"yoast_head":"\n2023 e\u011fitim vizyonunun ekonomi politi\u011fi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2019\/12\/09\/2023-egitim-vizyonunun-ekonomi-politigi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"en_EN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"2023 e\u011fitim vizyonunun ekonomi politi\u011fi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ender \u015eiar Arg\u0131n Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz aylarda Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan \u201c2023 E\u011fitim Vizyonu\u201d isimli belge, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de e\u011fitimin gelece\u011fiyle ilgili \u00f6nemli tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirdi. 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Mevzu, AKP ve e\u011fitim politikalar\u0131 olunca kamuoyunda* e\u011fitimin yap\u0131sal ve d\u00f6nemsel sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, k\u00f6kl\u00fc d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerin ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 vb. bir e\u011fitim plan\u0131 beklentisi zaten yoktu. Ancak belgenin yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131ndan sonraki geli\u015fmeler birka\u00e7 noktan\u0131n tekrar hat\u0131rlat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Hele […]","og_url":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2019\/12\/09\/2023-egitim-vizyonunun-ekonomi-politigi\/","og_site_name":"Teori ve Eylem","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/teoriveeylem\/","article_published_time":"2019-12-08T21:49:50+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-01-18T10:53:22+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1088,"height":602,"url":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/4.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@teoriveeylem","twitter_site":"@teoriveeylem","twitter_misc":{"Yazan:":false,"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi":"20 dakika"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2019\/12\/09\/2023-egitim-vizyonunun-ekonomi-politigi\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2019\/12\/09\/2023-egitim-vizyonunun-ekonomi-politigi\/"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/413054853585ad4d138f2f331dfd177c"},"headline":"2023 e\u011fitim vizyonunun ekonomi politi\u011fi","datePublished":"2019-12-08T21:49:50+00:00","dateModified":"2023-01-18T10:53:22+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2019\/12\/09\/2023-egitim-vizyonunun-ekonomi-politigi\/"},"wordCount":5046,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2019\/12\/09\/2023-egitim-vizyonunun-ekonomi-politigi\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/4.jpg","articleSection":["37. 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