{"id":1035,"date":"2019-11-21T22:58:18","date_gmt":"2019-11-21T19:58:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/?p=1035"},"modified":"2023-01-18T14:03:08","modified_gmt":"2023-01-18T11:03:08","slug":"propaganda-siyasal-teshir-ve-ajitasyon-sorunu-uzerine-on-notlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2019\/11\/21\/propaganda-siyasal-teshir-ve-ajitasyon-sorunu-uzerine-on-notlar\/","title":{"rendered":"Propaganda, siyasal te\u015fhir ve ajitasyon sorunu \u00fczerine \u00f6n notlar"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

Yusuf Akda\u011f<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Devrimci propaganda, siyasal te\u015fhir ve ajitasyon sorunu, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n (ya da proletaryan\u0131n) sermaye egemenli\u011fine ve burjuva devlet iktidar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelesinin en \u00f6nemli sorunlar\u0131ndan biridir. Devrimi \u201ckitlelerin eseri<\/em>\u201d, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n toplumsal kurtulu\u015funu s\u0131n\u0131fsal m\u00fccadelesinin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ve sonucu olarak g\u00f6ren bilimsel sosyalizm anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na sahip bir parti ya da \u00f6rg\u00fct, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen ve ezilen s\u0131n\u0131f ve g\u00fc\u00e7lerin burjuvazinin ideolojik-politik etkisinden \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc bir g\u00fc\u00e7 halinde s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcye son vermek \u00fczere harekete ge\u00e7mesini sa\u011flamadan hedefine ula\u015famaz. Parti \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 bu bak\u0131mdan s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn belirli bir anlam\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve kent-k\u0131r emek\u00e7ilerinin bilincinin, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclmeleri ve bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda tutulmalar\u0131n\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 ve dayanaklar\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturularak d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve burjuva s\u0131n\u0131f iktidar\u0131n\u0131n ala\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ederek kendi iktidarlar\u0131n\u0131 kurmaya haz\u0131rlanmalar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 olarak da tarif edilebilir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Propaganda, siyasal te\u015fhir ve ajitasyon faaliyeti, burjuvaziye kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelenin ideolojik cephesini olu\u015fturur. \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve bask\u0131dan kurtulu\u015f hedefi taraf\u0131ndan belirlenir. Bu faaliyet \u00e7e\u015fitli ara\u00e7 ve y\u00f6ntemlerin birbirleriyle koordineli \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir. Siyasal te\u015fhir ve ajitasyonun devrimci eylem \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131yla birle\u015fmesi ve hangi taleplerin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ise ko\u015fullarla ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Kapitalizme ve burjuva devlet iktidar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelenin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na yan\u0131t olu\u015fturacak bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma tarz\u0131 ve onun temel bir y\u00f6n\u00fc olarak propaganda, siyasal te\u015fhir ve devrimci ajitasyon, kesintisizli\u011fi ve yetkin tarzda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmeyi gerektirir. Bu faaliyetin yararl\u0131 ve etkili tarzda s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, emek\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n her alan\u0131yla ili\u015fkili sorunlar\u0131n ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve ekonomik, sosyal, politik geli\u015fmelerin herbir toplumsal kesim i\u00e7in ne ifade etti\u011finin g\u00f6sterilmesiyle ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilere kapitalist d\u00fczenin bir s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc d\u00fczeni oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek yetmez; bu sistemden kurtulu\u015fun yol, y\u00f6ntem, ara\u00e7 ve g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin nas\u0131l da onun taraf\u0131ndan yarat\u0131lan maddi toplumsal temel \u00fczerinde varolma olana\u011f\u0131 bulup geli\u015fti\u011fi ve geli\u015ftirilebilir oldu\u011fu da g\u00f6sterilmelidir. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir sab\u0131r, kararl\u0131l\u0131k ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k gerektiren bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in toplumsal ya\u015fam say\u0131s\u0131z unsur sunar.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Lenin, propagandan\u0131n, bir konunun bir\u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ba\u011flam\u0131yla ve b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00f6nleriyle a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erdi\u011fini; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da denebilirse daha az ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r i\u00e7erik ve kapsamla belirgin oldu\u011funu; ajitasyonun ise, verili durumdaki bir sorundan hareketle h\u00fck\u00fcmetin ve kapitalistlerin hedeflenmesini esas ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re, \u00f6rne\u011fin i\u015fsizlik sorununu ele alan bir propagandac\u0131, bunal\u0131mlar\u0131n kapitalist niteli\u011fini, modern toplumda bunal\u0131mlar\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n nedenini ve sosyalist toplum bi\u00e7imine ge\u00e7i\u015fin zorunlulu\u011funu vb. a\u00e7\u0131klayarak bir\u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi birbirleriyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde ortaya koymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak; ayn\u0131 konu \u00fczerinde konu\u015fan ajitat\u00f6r ise sorunun son derece \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 ve \u00e7ok bilinen bir y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc ele alarak diyelim i\u015fsiz bir i\u015f\u00e7inin ailesinin i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zorluklara ve artan yoksulla\u015fmas\u0131na de\u011finecektir. B\u00f6ylece ajitat\u00f6r herkesin bildi\u011fi bu olgudan yararlanarak daha geni\u015f i\u015f\u00e7i kitlesinin dikkatini tek ve \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye, \u00f6rne\u011fin servet art\u0131\u015f\u0131yla yoksullu\u011fun art\u0131\u015f\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fkiye ve haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa \u00e7ekecek; kapitalist s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc d\u00fczeninden kaynaklanan \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin kapsaml\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 propagandac\u0131ya b\u0131rakacak ve \u00fczerinde durdu\u011fu bir-iki \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6rnek vas\u0131tas\u0131yla can yakan e\u015fitsizlik ve haks\u0131zl\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 kitleler aras\u0131nda ho\u015fnutsuzluk ve \u00f6fke yaratmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015facakt\u0131r.[1]<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Propagandac\u0131n\u0131n genellikle<\/em>\u00a0yaz\u0131 yazarak; ajitat\u00f6r\u00fcn ise hedef kitleye do\u011frudan hitap ederek g\u00f6revini yerine getirmesinden de s\u00f6z eden Lenin\u2019in amac\u0131, ayr\u0131nt\u0131sal farkl\u0131l\u0131klara i\u015faret ederek g\u00f6revlerin en iyi nas\u0131l yerine getirilebilece\u011fine a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k getirmektir. Propaganda faaliyetini salt yaz\u0131l\u0131 olana indirgemeyecek denli engin ufku ve bilgi birikimiyle Lenin\u2019in, s\u00f6zel propagandan\u0131n \u201colamazl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u201dndan s\u00f6zetmi\u015f oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek sorunu anlamamak olur. Merkezi olanlar\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere yaz\u0131l\u0131 propaganda ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n makale, kitap, bro\u015f\u00fcr, dergi formlar\u0131yla farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imleri oldu\u011fu gibi, daha \u00f6nce olmayan ve fakat g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde etkili kitle ileti\u015fim ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biri olan televizyon ve radyo yay\u0131nlar\u0131 da i\u00e7inde olmak \u00fczere s\u00f6zl\u00fc hitabet ve a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan geli\u015fmelerle birlikte propaganda-ajitasyonun ara\u00e7 ve olanaklar\u0131 daha da artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Proleter ve emek\u00e7i m\u00fccadelesinin uluslararas\u0131 tarihsel birikimi, konu \u00fczerine baz\u0131 belirlemeleri m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralanabilir:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

i)<\/strong> \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n, kapitalist s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve burjuva s\u0131n\u0131f egemenli\u011fine son verme hedefine ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f program ve t\u00fcz\u00fck birli\u011fi temelinde \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc \u201c\u00f6nc\u00fc m\u00fcfrezesi<\/em>\u201d ve \u201ckurmay\u0131<\/em>\u201d olarak partinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, proletaryan\u0131n acil talepleri ve sosyalist kurtulu\u015fu i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve en etkin tarzda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n asgari zorunlu ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n yarat\u0131lmas\u0131 demektir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Sermaye egemenli\u011fine ve burjuva s\u0131n\u0131f iktidar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelenin yetkin tarzda ve ba\u015far\u0131yla s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in ba\u015fl\u0131ca ko\u015fullardan biri de, parti program\u0131n\u0131n kavranmas\u0131, \u00f6z\u00fcmsenerek kitlelere mal edilmek \u00fczere propaganda edilmesidir. Program \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Marksist-Leninist bilimsel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin \u00f6zl\u00fc bir ifadesidir ve proletaryaya, toplumsal kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadelesinde yol g\u00f6stericidir. Program sadece ideolojik-teorik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n muhtevas\u0131n\u0131 (i\u00e7eri\u011fini) belirlemez, siyasal te\u015fhir ve ajitasyonun genel \u00e7er\u00e7evesini de belirler. Proletaryan\u0131n en ileri ve s\u0131n\u0131f bilincine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f \u00f6\u011felerinin \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc birli\u011fi olarak partinin ba\u015fta gelen g\u00f6revlerinden biri de s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n ve emek\u00e7ilerin en geni\u015f kesimleri aras\u0131nda Marksist bilimsel d\u00fcnya ve toplum g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc propaganda ederek kitleleri sarmas\u0131n\u0131 ve maddi de\u011fi\u015ftirici g\u00fc\u00e7 haline gelmesini sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. \u0130deolojik m\u00fccadelenin ba\u015far\u0131yla s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve propaganda da yetkinlik, teorik donan\u0131mla do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Lenin, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n parti olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f birli\u011finin \u00f6nemiyle teorik m\u00fccadeleyi en verimli ve etkin tarzda s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme sorumlulu\u011fu aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f\u0131, parti y\u00f6netiminin bununla ba\u011flanan sorumlulu\u011funu \u00f6zel olarak vurgularken, pratik siyasal eylem ile teorik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi de i\u015faret etmi\u015f oluyordu.[2]<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130deolojik m\u00fccadelenin \u00f6nemine dair herhangi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmseme ve teoriye kar\u015f\u0131 ilgi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, parti \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r ve bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n basit form\u00fclasyonlarla teknik kural yineleyici dar pratik olarak \u015fekillenmesine yol a\u00e7ar. Marx ve Engels\u2019in, devrimci teorinin de\u011fi\u015ftirici maddi g\u00fcce d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in kitleleri sarmas\u0131 gere\u011fine yapt\u0131klar\u0131 vurgudaki anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 benimseyerek geli\u015ftiren Lenin, \u201cDevrimci teori olmadan devrimci hareket olamaz<\/em>\u201d diye belirterek pratik eylemin en dar bi\u00e7imlerine kap\u0131lmay\u0131 devrimci \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olarak y\u00fcceltme anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 mahkum etti. Onun a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinde \u201c\u00f6nc\u00fc sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 rol\u00fcn\u00fcn ancak en ileri teorinin klavuzluk etti\u011fi bir parti ile yerine getirilebilece\u011fi<\/em>\u201d olduk\u00e7a netti.[3]<\/a> Devrimci teorinin \u00f6nemi ve teorik m\u00fccadelenin rol\u00fc \u00fczerine Engels\u2019ten, onun, Alman i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin o d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in sahip olduklar\u0131 kimi \u00f6zg\u00fcn \u201c\u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckleri<\/em>\u201dni i\u015faretle, bunlar\u0131n en \u00f6nemlilerinden biri olarak teorik anlay\u0131\u015f ve \u201cbilimsel sosyalizmi \u00f6z\u00fcmlemi\u015f olmalar\u0131<\/em>\u201dna ili\u015fkin vurgular\u0131n\u0131 aktaran Lenin, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fccadelesinin \u201cteorik, siyasal ve pratik-iktisadi (kapitalistlere kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7)- \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00f6n\u00fc i\u00e7inde, uyum, ba\u011flant\u0131 ve sistematik bir bi\u00e7imde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f<\/em>\u201d olmas\u0131 \u00fczerine Engels\u2019in belirlemesine de dikkat \u00e7eker.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

T\u00fcrkiye topraklar\u0131nda Marksist-Leninist klasiklere ve marksist uluslararas\u0131 bilgi birikimine ula\u015fman\u0131n \u00e7eviri sorunu, yasaklar vb. nedenli olarak ya olanakl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da olduk\u00e7a zor oldu\u011fu 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llardan farkl\u0131 olarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Marksist-Leninist bilimsel bilgi hem \u00e7ok daha zengin kaynaklar\u0131yla ula\u015f\u0131labilirdir hem de s\u0131n\u0131f partisinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve materyalist Marksist ideolojik-politik hatt\u0131 do\u011frultusunda yay\u0131nlamakta oldu\u011fu yay\u0131n organlar\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere \u201cdaha yak\u0131n<\/em>\u201ddad\u0131r! \u00d6\u011frenme iste\u011fi g\u00f6steren her militan\u0131n bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6rebilece\u011fi, elini uzatt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ula\u015fabilece\u011fi bu zengin kaynaklara ra\u011fmen, \u00f6\u011frenme merak\u0131 ve \u00e7abas\u0131ndaki ciddi erozyon, yay\u0131n organlar\u0131n\u0131n daha verimli ve daha etkin kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131 da zaafa u\u011fratmakta; \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir t\u00fcr engel olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u2018engel\u2019 ancak s\u0131n\u0131f partisinin her militan\u0131 ve aktivistinin sosyalizmin teori ve takti\u011fini kavramak i\u00e7in daha fazla \u00e7aba g\u00f6stermesi ve planlanm\u0131\u015f bir i\u00e7 egitim-\u00f6gretim faaliyetinin s\u00fcreklilik kazanmas\u0131yla a\u015f\u0131labilir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Teorik m\u00fccadele ve devrimci propaganda kitabi bilgilerin kaba ve tek yanl\u0131 aktar\u0131lmas\u0131na indirgenmeyece\u011fi gibi, devrimci teorinin \u00f6nemsenmemesi ya da teoriden yararlanma tutumundaki herhangi zay\u0131fl\u0131k, devrimci propaganda ve siyasal te\u015fhir faaliyetini zaafa u\u011frat\u0131r. Toplumsal ger\u00e7eklerin s\u00fcreklilik g\u00f6steren \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 ve bask\u0131n\u0131n her t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn te\u015fhir edilmesi, sosyalist propagandan\u0131n etkisini art\u0131rarak m\u00fccadeleye y\u00f6neli\u015f egilimine g\u00fc\u00e7 verecek; bu da m\u00fccadeleye uyanan ve sebat g\u00f6steren unsurlar\u0131n partiye y\u00f6nelmelerini kolayla\u015ft\u0131racakt\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7i kitlelerin durumu, siyasal egilimleri, ideolojik ko\u015fullanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131, geleneksel al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 ve m\u00fccadele potansiyelleri dikkate al\u0131nmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u2013ki bu onlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde olmay\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lar- yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n verimli olmas\u0131 beklenemez. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak talepleri do\u011frultusunda harekete ge\u00e7meleri ve s\u0131n\u0131fsal kurtulu\u015f i\u00e7in m\u00fccadelede birle\u015fmeleri i\u00e7in i\u015f\u00e7i yo\u011fun merkezlerde kesintisiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi \u015fartt\u0131r. Bu da s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n ve t\u00fcm emek\u00e7ilerin s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve bask\u0131dan kurtulu\u015f davas\u0131na ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f her devrimci bireyin ger\u00e7ek bir adanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

S\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve bask\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelenin ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in devrimci teorinin kitleleri \u201csarmas\u0131<\/em>\u201dna ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r ve bunu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirecek olanlar partinin \u00fcyeleri, aktif militanlar\u0131; fabrika, i\u015fyerleri, semtler, okullar ve kurumlar gibi ya\u015fam\u0131n t\u00fcm alanlar\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc \u015fekilde faaliyet s\u00fcrd\u00fcren unsurlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

ii)<\/strong> Devrimci propaganda, siyasal te\u015fhir ve ajitasyonun i\u00e7eri\u011fi,<\/em> i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n siyasal s\u0131n\u0131f bilinciyle \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc birli\u011fi i\u00e7in tayin edici \u00f6neme sahiptir. Marx, egemen s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleriyle s\u0131n\u0131f egemenli\u011finin maddi temeli ve dayanaklar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiye i\u015faretle, egemen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin egemen s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n ifadesi oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015f; Engels s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin ekonomik, siyasal ve ideolojik boyutlar\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015fti. Lenin onlar\u0131n soruna bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 benimseyip prati\u011fe ge\u00e7irirken, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 kitlelerinin siyasal s\u0131n\u0131f bilinciyle e\u011fitiminin tayin edici \u00f6nemine i\u015faretle, sosyalizm bilincinin i\u015f\u00e7ilere \u201cd\u0131\u015far\u0131dan getirilmesi<\/em>\u201d gereklili\u011fini vurgalad\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u201cKendili\u011finden unsur<\/em>\u201dun \u201ctohum halindeki bir bilin\u00e7lenmeden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey<\/em>\u201d olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten Lenin, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin 1890\u2019lar Rusya\u2019s\u0131nda boyun e\u011fme tutumunu terk ederek direnmeye ge\u00e7melerini ve birlikte hareket etmenin gere\u011fini anlamalar\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de \u201csistemli grevler<\/em>\u201di, \u201ctohum halindeki<\/em>\u201d bilin\u00e7lenmeye \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterir. Ancak der Lenin, \u201ci\u015f\u00e7iler, kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n modern toplumsal ve siyasal sistemin t\u00fcm\u00fcyle uzla\u015fmaz bir bi\u00e7imde \u00e7at\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bilincinde de\u011fillerdi ve olamazlard\u0131 da, yani onlar\u0131n bilinci hen\u00fcz sosyal-demokrat (sosyalist- Y.A.) bir bilin\u00e7 de\u011fildi.<\/em>\u201d[4]<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda sosyalist bilincin kendili\u011finden \u201colamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\/em>\u201d belirten Lenin, bu bilincin \u201conlara d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan getirilme<\/em>\u201dsi gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemekte ve gerek\u00e7esini \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klamaktayd\u0131: \u201cB\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelerin tarihi g\u00f6stermektedir ki, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, salt kendi \u00e7abas\u0131yla sarece sendika bilincini, yani sendikalar i\u00e7erisinde birle\u015fmenin, i\u015fverenlere kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele etmenin ve h\u00fck\u00fcmeti gerekli i\u015f yasalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmaya zorlaman\u0131n vb. gerekli oldu\u011fu inanc\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirebilir.<\/em>\u201d[5]<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin, modern siyasal ve toplumsal sistemin kendi s\u0131n\u0131f \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131yla t\u00fcm\u00fcyle uzla\u015fmaz oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rerek onu -yani \u00fccretli k\u00f6lelik sistemini tasfiye etme zorunlulu\u011funu kavramalar\u0131 i\u00e7in oysa, \u201cfelsefi, tarihsel ve iktisadi teorilerden do\u011fup geli\u015fen<\/em>\u201d sosyalizm teorisini, t\u0131pk\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemlerin Alman -ve sonralar\u0131 Rus i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin \u201c\u00f6z\u00fcmlemi\u015f olduklar\u0131<\/em>\u201d gibi \u00f6z\u00fcmlemeleri gerekmektedir. Her kim ki, bu gereklili\u011fi karartan bir tutumla sosyalizm ile i\u015f\u00e7i hareketi aras\u0131nda kurulmas\u0131 gereken bu \u2018s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcden kurtulu\u015f<\/em>\u2019 \u015fart\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmezden gelip k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcms\u00fcyorsa, o, fark\u0131nda olsun olmas\u0131n, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin bilincinin \u201cburjuva bilin\u00e7<\/em>\u201d d\u00fczeyinde kalmas\u0131na hizmet ediyor olacakt\u0131r. Bizzat Lenin\u2019in kendisi, Karl Kautsky\u2019in, hen\u00fcz devrimci-Marksist oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemde konuya dair a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131 da onaylayarak, modern sosyalist bilincin i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin i\u00e7inden kendili\u011finden \u00e7\u0131kmay\u0131p \u201cproleter s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesine d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan verilen bir \u015fey<\/em>\u201d oldu\u011funu aktar\u0131yordu. Bu \u201cd\u0131\u015far\u0131dan verme<\/em>\u201dnin, s\u0131n\u0131f ve emek\u00e7i hareketinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda durma anlam\u0131na gelmedi\u011fi, aksine ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131n her alan\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve emek\u00e7ilerin i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131p m\u00fccadelelerine kat\u0131lmay\u0131, m\u00fccadelelerini \u00f6rg\u00fctlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 gerektirdi\u011fi her Marxist-Leninist a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

iii) <\/strong>Burjuva ideolojisinin etkisinin k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131f \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f toplumda, i\u015f\u00e7i y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnya ve toplum anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015flerinin sosyalist ideoloji do\u011frultusunda \u015fekillenmesi; i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 hareketinin burjuva ku\u015fatmay\u0131 yar\u0131p a\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, s\u0131n\u0131f partisi, siyasal ger\u00e7ekleri a\u00e7\u0131klamakla kalmamal\u0131, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve bask\u0131n\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hedef g\u00f6steren etkin bir propaganda ve te\u015fhiri kesintisizce s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmelidir. Temel sorun \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc, proletaryan\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131f olma konumunun b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131; \u201ceme\u011fin sermayeye ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yoketme<\/em>\u201d sorunudur.[6]<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bundand\u0131r ki, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 devrimcileri (Marksist-Leninistler) kendilerini iktisadi te\u015fhirlerle ve onlar\u0131n \u201c\u00f6rg\u00fctlendirilmesi<\/em>\u201dyle s\u0131n\u0131rlamaks\u0131z\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n siyasal bilinci<\/em>nin geli\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in etkin tarzda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131; i\u015f\u00e7ilere siyasal bak\u0131mdan ezildiklerini ve \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n kapitalistlerin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131t oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klamakla yetinmeyerek \u201cbask\u0131n\u0131n her somut \u00f6rne\u011fi<\/em>\u201dni te\u015fhir etmeli ve ona kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadeleyi \u00f6rg\u00fctlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak bu bilincin \u201cb\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00f6nleriyle geli\u015ftirilmesi<\/em>\u201dni hedeflemelidirler. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler, hangi toplumsal kesimleri \u201cetkiliyor olursa olsun, zorbal\u0131k, bask\u0131, zor ve suistimalin her t\u00fcrl\u00fcs\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 tepki g\u00f6stermede<\/em>\u201d e\u011fitilmi\u015f olmaks\u0131z\u0131n; bu bask\u0131 ve zulme kar\u015f\u0131, \u201cba\u015fka herhangi bir a\u00e7\u0131dan de\u011filde, sosyal demokrat a\u00e7\u0131dan (yani sosyalist-y.a) tepki g\u00f6stermede e\u011fitilmemi\u015flerse, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 bilinci ger\u00e7ek bir siyasal bilin\u00e7 olamaz. E\u011fer i\u015f\u00e7iler, \u00f6teki toplumsal s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n herbirini, entelekt\u00fcel, manevi ve siyasal ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn belirtilerinde g\u00f6zleyebilmek i\u00e7in somut ve her \u015feyden \u00f6nce g\u00fcncel siyasal olgular ve olaylardan yararlanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmezlerse; e\u011fer materyalist tahlil ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctleri, n\u00fcfusun b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n, tabakalar\u0131n\u0131n ve gruplar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fam ve eylemlerinin b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00f6nlerine pratik olarak uygulamay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmezlerse, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131n bilinci, ger\u00e7ek bir s\u0131n\u0131f bilinci olamaz.<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

iv) <\/strong>\u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve emek\u00e7ilerin ya\u015fam\u0131yla ilgili t\u00fcm sorunlar, propaganda ve ajitasyonun konular\u0131 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Acil talepler i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele ile azami hedefler m\u00fccadelesi birbiriyle ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lki ikincisine tabidir ve s\u0131n\u0131f g\u00fc\u00e7 ili\u015fkilerinin yan\u0131s\u0131ra toplumsal ve uluslararas\u0131 ko\u015fullar gibi etkenleri bulunmaktad\u0131r. Emek\u00e7i kitlelerin burjuva iktidar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131f karakterini g\u00f6rebilmeleri i\u00e7in sermaye kurumlar\u0131 ve partilerinin s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fckleri politikalar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fman karakteri a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k kazanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Siyasal demokratik haklar i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele, s\u00f6z, bas\u0131n-yay\u0131n ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00f6n\u00fcndeki t\u00fcm barikatlar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131, grev, genel ve siyasal grev hakk\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131, ezilen uluslar\u0131n siyasal bak\u0131mdan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devlet kurma hakk\u0131 dahil kaderlerini tayin hakk\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131, K\u00fcrtler \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131n\u0131n son bulmas\u0131, uluslar\u0131n ve dillerin tam hak e\u015fitli\u011fi \u00f6n\u00fcndeki t\u00fcm engellerin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131; \u015fovenizmin ve i\u015f\u00e7i-emek\u00e7i kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 milliyet\u00e7i gerici politikalar\u0131n reddi vb. gibi talepler propaganda ve siyasal te\u015fhirin konusunu olu\u015ftururlar. Devrimci propaganda ve siyasal ajitasyonun de\u011fi\u015ftirici g\u00fcc\u00fc, s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 toplum ger\u00e7ekli\u011finden hareket etmesine, \u00fcretim tarz\u0131 ve ili\u015fkilerinin toplumsal ili\u015fkiler alan\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm yans\u0131malar\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde tutmas\u0131na, onlar\u0131n birbirleriyle ve devletle ili\u015fki ve \u00e7eli\u015fkilerini dikkate alan bir ayd\u0131nlatmay\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131yla ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fi, bizimkisi gibi \u00fclkelerde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k, halk demokrasisi ve sosyalizm i\u00e7in m\u00fccadelenin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan belirlenir. Ulusal-sosyal her t\u00fcrl\u00fc e\u015fitsizlik, bask\u0131 ve hak gasp\u0131, pazar ve etki alanlar\u0131n\u0131n denetimi i\u00e7in emperyalist politikan\u0131n t\u00fcm bi\u00e7imleri te\u015fhirin konular\u0131n\u0131 ve m\u00fccadelenin hedefini olu\u015ftururlar. Bask\u0131 ve suistimalin her t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn te\u015fhiri kitlelerin ger\u00e7ekleri g\u00f6rmelerine ve burjuva iktidar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadeleye y\u00f6nelmelerine hizmet eder. Siyasal te\u015fhir, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ve emek\u00e7ilerin di\u011fer kesimlerinin kapitalist s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve burjuva s\u0131n\u0131f egemenli\u011fi ko\u015fullar\u0131yla ba\u011fl\u0131, bu ko\u015fullardan kaynaklanan sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm y\u00f6nlerini konu edinir. S\u0131n\u0131flar aras\u0131 m\u00fccadele sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n sonal olarak ekonomik temelli, ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc sisteminin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ba\u011fl\u0131 olmalar\u0131 nedeniyle \u00fccret durumu, i\u015fyeri ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 gibi hemen g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir olanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan hareketle bu faaliyet acil-ekonomik sorunlar\u0131n te\u015fhiri ve bunun i\u00e7in m\u00fccadelenin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rlanamayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi, ekonomik-siyasal te\u015fhir ve ajitasyon aras\u0131na kesin s\u0131n\u0131rlar koymak da do\u011fru olmaz. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler toplumsal sorunlar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00f6nleriyle ili\u015fkin bilgi sahibi olmal\u0131; toplumun t\u00fcm kesimlerinin kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldi\u011fi sorunlar aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6rmeli; somut geli\u015fmelerin g\u00f6sterdiklerinden de yararlanarak bu sorunlar\u0131n emek\u00e7iler yarar\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn yol ve y\u00f6ntemlerini \u00f6\u011frenmeli ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc m\u00fccadelenin zorunlu oldu\u011funu bilerek proleter ve emek\u00e7ilerin daha geni\u015f kesimlerini uyarmaya ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlemeye y\u00f6nelmelidirler.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Halk kitleleri y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r ruhsal ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel bask\u0131 alt\u0131ndad\u0131rlar. Hemen t\u00fcm ku\u015faklar burjuva kapitalist \u00e7\u0131karlar do\u011frultusunda ve e\u011fitsel-dini kurumlar da kullan\u0131larak burjuva devletinin \u201ckutsiyeti<\/em>\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla y\u00f6nlendirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131rken, bask\u0131 ve k\u00f6lelik ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ruh hali, kendi yararlar\u0131na de\u011fi\u015fimin barikat\u0131 olabilecek \u00f6nyarg\u0131 ve anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n etkisinde kalmalar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilmi\u015ftir. Ancak bu durum, kapitalist geli\u015fmenin i\u015fsizlik, yoksulluk, yoksunluk, kriz ve sava\u015flar gibi olgusal ger\u00e7eklikleri nedeniyle de\u011fi\u015fmeye muhkumdur ve b\u00f6yle oldu\u011funun say\u0131s\u0131z \u00f6rne\u011fi uluslararas\u0131 alanda ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de hemen t\u00fcm kapitalist \u00fclkelerde lokal ya da daha birle\u015fik kitlesel eylemler birbirini izlemektedir. M\u0131s\u0131r, Portekiz, \u0130srail, Hindistan, Tunus, Cezayir, Arjantin, Brezilya, \u00dcrd\u00fcn gibi, birbirlerinden farkl\u0131 \u00e7o\u011frafyalardaki \u00fclkelerde ezilen ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen halk kitlelerinin \u00e7e\u015fitli t\u00fcrden protestolar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu durum, i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilere y\u00f6nelik siyasal te\u015fhir ve devrimci ajitasyon faaliyetinin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kalmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Burjuvazinin i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7iler \u00fczerindeki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel ve e\u011fitsel etkisini k\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ayd\u0131nlatma ve bilin\u00e7lendirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda yo\u011funla\u015fmak etkili en do\u011fru y\u00f6ntemdir. Bilimsel bilgi ile ya\u015fam\u0131n ger\u00e7ekleri aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131yla g\u00f6sterilmesi, \u201cfikr-i sabit<\/em>\u201din toplumsal hareket kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki direncinin san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 denli g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130nsanl\u0131k tarihi boyunca yarat\u0131lan ilerici bilgi birikiminden yararlanan devrimci d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn nesnel ger\u00e7ekliklerle ba\u011f\u0131ndan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7le, burjuva ba\u011fnazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nyarg\u0131 ve yan\u0131lg\u0131lar\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 partisi bu m\u00fccadelenin ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7aba g\u00f6sterirken, acil talepler m\u00fccadelesiyle s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc sisteminin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hedefi aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan kavranmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 kitleleri i\u00e7inde s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n tarihsel devrimci g\u00f6revleri konusunda do\u011fru anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ger\u00e7eklerin sosyalist g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilere y\u00f6nelik ajitasyon, \u201ci\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n sava\u015f\u0131mdaki t\u00fcm kendili\u011finden gelme g\u00f6sterilerinde<\/em>\u201d yer almaks\u0131z\u0131n; i\u015fg\u00fcn\u00fc, \u00fccretler \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 vb. etraf\u0131nda, i\u015f\u00e7iler ile kapitalistler aras\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm m\u00fccadeleye kat\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n etkili tarzda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclemez. Fabrika \u00f6nleri, i\u015f\u00e7i servisleri ve i\u015f\u00e7ilerin oturduklar\u0131 k\u0131raathanelerle ikamet ettikleri emek\u00e7i semtlerinde, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00f6fke duyduklar\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 ve fabrikalardaki geli\u015fmeler \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan devrimci ajitasyon, i\u015f\u00e7ilerle ili\u015fkilerin geli\u015ftirilmesine hizmet edecektir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

v-)<\/strong> Propaganda edilen fikrin etkili olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli en \u00f6nemli ko\u015fullardan biri, ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131yla ba\u011f\u0131; di\u011feri ise propaganda ajitasyon faaliyetinin sistematik kesintisizli\u011fidir. Bu, yalan ve \u00e7arp\u0131tmayla kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k burjuva propagandas\u0131 ve burjuva ideolojik etki a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da belirli bir anlamda ve k\u0131smen ge\u00e7erlidir.[8]<\/a> Do\u011fru devrimci bir m\u00fccadele platformu ve \u00e7izgisine dayanan propaganda ve ajitasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n etkisi, kitlelere ula\u015fma d\u00fczeyi ve yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, s\u00fcreklili\u011fi ve yetkince y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesiyle ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Parti g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin kitlelere dolays\u0131zca a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 ve y\u00fcz y\u00fcze ili\u015fkilerin s\u00fcreklili\u011fi, parti politikalar\u0131na kazan\u0131lmalar\u0131 ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerinin olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r. Seminerler, paneller, mitingler ve birebir ili\u015fkilerdeki konu\u015fma-tart\u0131\u015fma ve a\u00e7\u0131klamalar bu bak\u0131mdan etkili i\u015fleve sahip di\u011fer bi\u00e7imlerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

vi) <\/strong>Propaganda ve ajitasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli yan\u0131, bu faaliyetin salt i\u015f\u00e7i sorunlar\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rlanmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Lenin, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n dikkatini yaln\u0131zca kendi sorunlar\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 tutanlar\u0131 sosyalist olmamakla su\u00e7lamaktayd\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler, hangi kesimden olursa olsun bask\u0131 g\u00f6ren t\u00fcm n\u00fcfus kesimlerinin sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc bilinciyle egitim g\u00f6rmelidirler. Bu da, t\u00fcm emek\u00e7i kesimler aras\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecek bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131; bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda tutulan t\u00fcm toplumsal kesimlerin sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in m\u00fccadeleyi gerektirir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Lenin, ajitasyonun, iktisadi s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn somut \u00f6rneklerine dayanarak yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi<\/em> \u201c<\/em>bask\u0131n\u0131n her somut \u00f6rne\u011fi ele al\u0131narak<\/em>\u201d y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi gerekti\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekerek toplumun hangi kesimini etkiliyor olursa olsun bask\u0131n\u0131n ve yap\u0131lan haks\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n te\u015fhir edilmesinin, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin siyasal bilincini geli\u015ftirme <\/em>g\u00f6revinin yerine getirilmesi i\u00e7in <\/em>\u015fart oldu\u011funu belirtmekteydi.<\/em>[9]<\/a> \u0130\u015f\u00e7i-emek\u00e7i m\u00fccadelesinin istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi ve geri bir d\u00fczeyde seyretti\u011fi ko\u015fullarda zul\u00fcm ve bask\u0131n\u0131n her \u00e7e\u015fidinin te\u015fhiri ve devrimci propagandan\u0131n niteli\u011finin y\u00fckseltilmesi daha da \u00f6nem kazan\u0131r. B\u00f6ylesi d\u00f6nemlerde parti \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn teorik ideolojik donan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi, parti i\u00e7i e\u011fitimin nitele\u011finin y\u00fckseltilmesi i\u00e7in ko\u015fullar daha uygun, olanaklar daha fazlad\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

vii)<\/strong> \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131fsal m\u00fccadelesinin uluslararas\u0131 karakteriyle ba\u011fl\u0131 proleter enternasyonalizmi anlay\u0131\u015f ve tutumu ve bununla ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak devrimci sosyalist \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerin uluslararas\u0131 deneyiminin payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, sosyalist propagandan\u0131n gerekleri ve unsurlar\u0131ndan bir di\u011ferini olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

SORUNUMUZ VE SORUMLULU\u011eUMUZ<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Lenin, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcp ezilen y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131n geni\u015f kesimlerine u\u015fa\u015fabilecek \u015fekilde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f merkezi gazetenin \u201ckolektif \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc, propagandac\u0131 ve ajitat\u00f6r\u201d <\/em>i\u015flevine i\u015faret etmi\u015fti. Merkezi yay\u0131n organlar\u0131 propaganda, ajitasyon ve siyasal te\u015fhir i\u00e7in gerekli olan materyal ve malzemenin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 \u2018parti fonksiyonerleri\u2019 i\u00e7in haz\u0131r hale getirirler. Merkezi yay\u0131n organ\u0131nda yer alan \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc te\u015fhirler ve \u00e7e\u015fitli i\u015fyerleri, fabrika ve birimlerden gelen i\u015f\u00e7i-emek\u00e7i mektuplar\u0131 di\u011fer b\u00f6lge ve kesimlerde ilgi uyand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve m\u00fccadeleye \u00e7ekici i\u015flev g\u00f6r\u00fcrler. Bir grev haberinin \u00fclke d\u00fczeyinde yay\u0131lmas\u0131 bile belirli ko\u015fullarda tek ba\u015f\u0131na eyleme \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 i\u015flev g\u00f6rebilir. Ancak bunlarla ya da bununla yetinilemez. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin m\u00fccadelesinin somut durumu hakk\u0131nda do\u011fru bir fikre ve ko\u015fullar\u0131n do\u011fruya en yak\u0131n bilgisine sahip olarak fabrika ve i\u015fyeri ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n somut te\u015fhiri[10]<\/a> i\u00e7in bildiri, bro\u015f\u00fcr, b\u00fclten gibi ara\u00e7lar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131yla daha \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 ve canl\u0131 te\u015fhir ve ajitasyon \u015fartt\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i-patron ili\u015fkilerinin, \u00fccret-k\u00e2r k\u0131yaslamalar\u0131n\u0131n, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n berbat durumunun te\u015fhir edilmesi, fabrika bildirilerinin denebilirse rutin i\u015flerinden say\u0131l\u0131r. Ne var ki bununla yetinilemez. Ya\u015fanan sorunlar\u0131n politik boyutlar\u0131, kapitalist parti fraksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n politikas\u0131 ve pratik tutumlar\u0131, patron-devlet ili\u015fkisi vb. te\u015fhir edilmeli; i\u015f\u00e7ilerin i\u00e7inde bulunduklar\u0131 ve tutulduklar\u0131 ko\u015fullarla egemen burjuva politikas\u0131 ve devlet y\u00f6netimi aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkileri g\u00f6rmeleri ve siyasal ger\u00e7eklerin bilgisiyle siyasal m\u00fccadelede birle\u015fmeleri hedeflenmelidir. Bu genel belirlemelerden hareketle, devrimci politik \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmenin az-\u00e7ok sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 hemen her \u00fclkede, merkezi devrimci ve sosyalist yay\u0131n organ\u0131n\u0131n (ya da organlar\u0131n\u0131n) \u00f6nem ve i\u015flevi tart\u0131\u015fma d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olup bu ara\u00e7lar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131 ve yetkinlik g\u00f6sterilmesinin ba\u015fl\u0131ca sorun oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bizde de, on y\u0131llar\u0131 bulan bir s\u00fcredir i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerin en ileri kesimlerinin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla yarat\u0131lan g\u00fcnl\u00fck ve ayl\u0131k peryotlu yay\u0131n organlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da bizdeki<\/em> somut ve \u00f6zg\u00fcn sorun<\/em> b\u00f6ylesi yay\u0131n organlar\u0131n\u0131n yarat\u0131lmas\u0131 de\u011fil, ama bu organlar\u0131n kolektif \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc, propagandac\u0131 ve ajitat\u00f6r i\u015fleviyle verimli ve yetkin tarzda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndaki yetersizlikler ve eksikliklerin giderilmesi, biriktirilen deneylerin genelle\u015ftirilmesinin de yard\u0131m\u0131yla yay\u0131nlar\u0131n daha etkin tarzda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bu tutumun, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n daha geni\u015f kesimlerinin bilin\u00e7li tutumu haline getirilerek militan bir s\u0131n\u0131f prati\u011fi \u015feklinde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi sorunudur.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrkiye emek\u00e7ileri, \u00fclke d\u00fczeyinde te\u015fhirler i\u00e7in gerekli en etkili m\u00fccadele arac\u0131na; b\u00fct\u00fcn uluslar ve ulusal topluluklardan ileri i\u015f\u00e7i-emek\u00e7i-ilerici ayd\u0131n kesimlerinin emek birli\u011fi ve \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir yay\u0131n organ\u0131na sahiptirler. Hen\u00fcz geni\u015f emek\u00e7i kesimleri taraf\u0131ndan yeterince sahiplenilmi\u015f olmasa da, korunmas\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi gereken bir kazan\u0131m olan g\u00fcnl\u00fck gazete, i\u015f\u00e7i mektuplar\u0131yla ya da \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f bir grev veya i\u015fyeri direni\u015fi \u00fczerine haber ve yorumlar\u0131yla i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerin farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerdeki ve farkl\u0131 i\u015fkollar\u0131ndaki kesimlerinin birbirlerinin ya\u015fam\u0131, i\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve m\u00fccadele \u00f6rnekleriyle taleplerinin i\u00e7eri\u011finden haberdar olmalar\u0131nda, m\u00fccadelelerinin yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131p birle\u015fmesinde belirli bir i\u015flev g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve g\u00f6rmeye devam etmektedir. Gazetede yer alan bir grev ve direni\u015f haberinin ba\u015fka yerlerdeki emek\u00e7iler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u201cbir t\u00fcr \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 i\u015flevi g\u00f6rmesi<\/em>\u201dnden de s\u00f6z edilebilir. Gazetedeki te\u015fhirler, farkl\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i-emek\u00e7i kesimlerinin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan unsurlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131lacak \u00f6rnekler olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 oranda m\u00fccadelenin ilerletilmesine hizmet etmi\u015flerdir. Gazeteyi i\u015fyeri, fabrika, okul ve semtlerdeki \u00f6rg\u00fctsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda hem bir ba\u015fvuru kayna\u011f\u0131 hem de bir ileti\u015fim-ili\u015fki kurma arac\u0131 olarak kullanmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f devrimci militan a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da gazete y\u00f6n g\u00f6steren, deney ve kan\u0131t sunan i\u015flev g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Buna ra\u011fmen ama, gazetenin daha etkili, verimli ve yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ciddi sorunlar\u0131n var olmaya devam etti\u011fi de bir ger\u00e7ektir. \u00c7eyrek y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 bulan yay\u0131n s\u00fcrecinin ortaya koydu\u011fu ya da yeniden kan\u0131tlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 en \u00f6nemli sonu\u00e7, bu sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn yoksul, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen ve bask\u0131 g\u00f6ren emek\u00e7i kesimleri aras\u0131nda yayg\u0131nca ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131r, okunur, tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r, sahiplenilir k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131yla ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fudur.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ancak temel sorun bu olmakla birlikte, bu uzunca yay\u0131n d\u00f6neminin a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 tek sorun bu de\u011fildir. Propaganda ve siyasal te\u015fhir faaliyetini zay\u0131f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren ve ideolojik sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla etkide bulunan yakla\u015f\u0131mlar aras\u0131nda hemen dikkat \u00e7eken \u00f6rneklerden biri, toplumsal ya\u015fama dair kimi ger\u00e7eklerin, aralar\u0131ndaki ba\u011flar i\u015faret edilmeksizin te\u015fhir ad\u0131na birbiri ard\u0131na s\u0131ralanmas\u0131 \u015feklinde basite indirgenmesi; bir di\u011feri ise, proleter ve emek\u00e7i kitle m\u00fccadelesinin geri d\u00fczeyi ve lokal bi\u00e7imleriyle belirgin olmas\u0131n\u0131, devrimci propagandan\u0131n d\u00fczeyini geri bilince g\u00f6re \u201cayarlama<\/em>\u201d egilimidir. Siyasal te\u015fhirin dili ve \u00fcslubunun liberal \u201cpiyasa<\/em>\u201d s\u00f6ylemlerine uydurulmas\u0131 bi\u00e7iminde de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bu anlay\u0131\u015f, \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/em> \u015feklinde g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, kitleleri, kendiliginden hareketinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde sahip olmad\u0131klar\u0131 ve olamayacaklar\u0131 bilince sahip g\u00f6sterme ve i\u00e7 \u00e7eli\u015fkilerden ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u00f6zellikler atfetme bi\u00e7iminde de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Oysa ne kitle hareketinin istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve m\u00fccadelenin geri d\u00fczeyi ile d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel gerilik dayanak edinilerek propaganda ve te\u015fhirin d\u00fczeyi geri bilince uydurulabilir ne de halk y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n siyasal ger\u00e7ekleri zaten g\u00f6rmekte olduklar\u0131 varsay\u0131m\u0131yla durum belirlemesi -do\u011fru \u015fekilde- yap\u0131labilir. Aksi y\u00f6ndeki bir yan\u0131lg\u0131, parti olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ve partinin g\u00f6revleri ve i\u015flevi \u00fczerine devrimci Marksist anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n deformasyonuna yol a\u00e7ar. Sorun, emek\u00e7i y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulunduklar\u0131 sosyal-siyasal ko\u015fullanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli ideolojik-politik ak\u0131m ve partilerin y\u00f6nlendirmesinde ve dini ideoloji t\u00fcr\u00fcnden \u201cgelenekselle\u015ftirilmi\u015f\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin etkisi alt\u0131nda sahip oldu\u011fu \u00f6nyarg\u0131lar\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n kendi i\u00e7 ekonomik, b\u00f6lgesel, ulusal ve \u201cinan\u00e7sal\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc; m\u00fccadele deneyimi ya da deneyimsizli\u011fini, i\u00e7inde bulunduklar\u0131 ko\u015fullarda \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan taleplerini g\u00f6zetmeksizin \u201ckitabi do\u011frular\u201d\u0131n \u00fcst perdeden \u201canlat\u0131lmas\u0131\u201dnda \u0131srar olarak anla\u015f\u0131lamaz. Bu t\u00fcrden bir tutum, i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ileri devrimci propaganda ve ger\u00e7eklerin a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 yoluyla kurtulu\u015f i\u00e7in m\u00fccadelede \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeye kazanma yerine, aksi y\u00f6nde uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 rol oynayacakt\u0131r. Propagandac\u0131lar ve \u00f6zellikle de kitle i\u00e7inde ajitasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctenler i\u00e7in emek\u00e7i kitlelerinin somut durumunu ve ko\u015fullanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde tutmak salt sorumluluk gere\u011fi de\u011fil, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in de \u015fartt\u0131r. Bu gereklilikleri, propagandan\u0131n konu i\u00e7eriklerini \u201canla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r k\u0131lma\u201d ad\u0131na i\u00e7eri\u011finden bo\u015falt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f basit ve y\u00fczeysel \u201clak\u0131rd\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek\u201dle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmamak gerekir. Ama\u00e7 geni\u015f emek\u00e7i kitlelerinden kopmak ve araya s\u0131n\u0131rlar \u00e7ekmek de\u011fil, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve bask\u0131 sistemine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc m\u00fccadelede birle\u015fmelerini sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in, sosyal, ekonomik ve siyasal ger\u00e7eklerin ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131yla birlikte anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r en berrak a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 \u00f6nem g\u00f6sterir. Halk kitlelerinin i\u00e7inde ve kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya olduklar\u0131 durum ve ko\u015fullarla \u00e7e\u015fitli t\u00fcrden hassasiyetlerini g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde tutan bir yakla\u015f\u0131m ve buna uygun bir dil ve \u00fcslup ile, ger\u00e7eklerin a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 yerine ka\u00e7amak y\u00f6ntemlere ba\u015f vurmak ya da geri bilince tabi olmay\u0131 \u201c\u00e7\u0131kar yol\u201d g\u00f6rmek birbirinden t\u00fcm\u00fcyle farkl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130lkini benimseyecek, ikincisini redddece\u011fiz.[11]<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Kapitalizm ku\u015fku yok ki, \u00fcretti\u011fi ve yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlarla birlikte i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7iler ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere toplumun hemen t\u00fcm kesimlerini politikaya -ilgi d\u00fczeyi de\u011fi\u015fmekle birlikte- duyarl\u0131 hale getirir. Toplumun hemen t\u00fcm kesimleri bu kapsam dahilinde ve genel olarak s\u00f6ylenecek olursa, politikayla ili\u015fkilidirler. Ne var ki, bu t\u00fcrden bir politik ili\u015fkinlik ger\u00e7ekte, egemen s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin \u00e7e\u015fitli t\u00fcrleriyle toplumun geni\u015f kesimleri \u00fczerindeki etkinli\u011fi ve egemenli\u011fi kapsam\u0131ndad\u0131r. S\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin prati\u011fi i\u00e7inde i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7iler, \u00f6zellikle de onlar\u0131n ileri kesimleri egemen burjuva \u00e7\u0131karlarla kendi haklar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki z\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hissetmeye, g\u00f6rmeye ba\u015flarlar. S\u0131n\u0131f deneyimi ve m\u00fccadelenin dersleri sonu\u00e7lar \u00e7\u0131karmalar\u0131n\u0131 ve kendi aralar\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc birlikler olu\u015fturma giri\u015fimlerinde bulunmalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirir. Siyasal s\u0131n\u0131f bilincinin \u201cn\u00fcve olarak<\/em>\u201d hareket i\u00e7inde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n maddi temeli buradad\u0131r. Devrimci propaganda ve ajitasyonun maddi g\u00fcce d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fme olana\u011f\u0131 buldu\u011fu alan da, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin bu arenas\u0131d\u0131r. Olaylar\u0131n ve geli\u015fmelerin kayna\u011f\u0131 ve etkenleri g\u00f6sterilerek burjuva propagandas\u0131nca sapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f y\u00f6nlerinin a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131, kapitalist parti fraksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i-emek\u00e7i kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 politikalar\u0131 ve bu politikalar\u0131n sermaye ile, sermayenin \u015fu ya da bu kesimiyle ili\u015fkileri de\u015fifre edilerek yeksenak-tekd\u00fcze olmayan \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6rneklerle ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin desteklenmesi; olay, olgu ve geli\u015fmeler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin diyalektik ba\u011flam\u0131 kurularak ele al\u0131nan konunun en \u00f6nemli unsurlar\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturulmas\u0131, proleter ve emek\u00e7i kitleleri aras\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecek olan propaganda, siyasal te\u015fhir ve ajitasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n etkisini art\u0131racakt\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bir e\u011filim \u015feklinde belirginle\u015fmi\u015f olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, devrimci prati\u011fin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir di\u011fer yanl\u0131\u015f anlay\u0131\u015f, propaganda-ajitasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla \u201c\u00f6rg\u00fct \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/em>\u201d \u2013\u201c\u00f6rg\u00fctleme g\u00f6revi<\/em>\u201d aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin tek yanl\u0131 indirgenmesidir. Marksist-Leninist teorik donan\u0131m ve ideolojik m\u00fccadelenin gerektirdi\u011fi bilgi birikiminin \u201c\u00f6rg\u00fct\u00e7\u00fcler<\/em>\u201d i\u00e7in fazlaca \u00f6nemli olmayabilece\u011fi anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan kaynaklanan bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 teknik-pratik i\u015fler derekesine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcrken, \u00f6rg\u00fctleme faaliyetinin belirli bir d\u00fcnya ve toplum g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn kitlelerin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde ve eyleminde maddi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7 haline gelmesi-getirilmesi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 oldu\u011funu da yads\u0131m\u0131\u015f olur. Bilimsel sosyalist d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve teorik donan\u0131m\u0131n parti faaliyetinin t\u00fcm y\u00f6nleri i\u00e7in yol g\u00f6sterici i\u015flevinin ve bu faaliyetin yetkince s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 dayana\u011f\u0131n kavranamamas\u0131yla ba\u011fl\u0131 bu yakla\u015f\u0131mda, parti program\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcmsenerek prati\u011fe ge\u00e7irilmesinin her partili a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015fl\u0131ca ve ilk g\u00f6rev oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi de belirsiz hale gelir. Oysa, kitleler i\u00e7inde faaliyet y\u00fcr\u00fcten bir Marksist, y\u00fczeysel ve kaba bilgi k\u0131r\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla yetinemez. Fikri yoksulluk ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce tembelli\u011fi propaganda-ajitasyon faaliyetini sakatlayarak dar kal\u0131p\u00e7\u0131 tekrarlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve bask\u0131 sisteminin t\u00fcm\u00fcyle tasfiyesi hedefine ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fini de karart\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Parti militanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u00f6z ve eylem uyumunda g\u00f6sterdikleri ba\u015far\u0131 kadar birikimi ve sorunlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klama yetkinlikleri<\/em> de partiye g\u00fcven duyulmas\u0131 ve y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n etkili olmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem g\u00f6sterir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7iler, konusuna hakim, s\u00f6z\u00fcne sad\u0131k, yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fin ciddiyetine uygun hareket eden devrimcileri g\u00fcvenilir bularak onlar\u0131n tutumu ve eyleminde partiyle birle\u015fmeye y\u00f6nelirler. Ba\u015fka bi\u00e7imde s\u00f6ylenirse, partinin kitlelerle ili\u015fki i\u00e7indeki militanlar\u0131n\u0131n eylemi, tutumu ve olaylara, geli\u015fmelere getirdikleri a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n niteli\u011fi, kitlelerin partiye ili\u015fkin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve yarg\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerinde do\u011frudan etkili olmaktad\u0131r. Bu da parti faaliyetinin t\u00fcm y\u00f6nlerinde sorumluluk ve g\u00f6rev bilinciyle hareket etmeyi zorunlu k\u0131lar.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bizdeki \u00f6nemli bir di\u011fer sorun, yay\u0131n organlar\u0131n\u0131n koordineli; birbirlerinden yararlanan ve birbirlerini g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren bir anlay\u0131\u015fla kullan\u0131lmalar\u0131ndaki atalet ya da \u2018hay\u0131rhah tutum\u2019dur. Burjuva emperyalist ideolojik ku\u015fatman\u0131n gemi az\u0131ya ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u201ctarihsel devrimci rol\u00fcn\u00fc yerine getirmesi<\/em>\u201d, ancak ileri s\u0131n\u0131f bilincinin hareket i\u00e7inde y\u00f6nlendirici-\u00f6nc\u00fc \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc g\u00fcce d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesiyle sa\u011flanabilir. Kendili\u011finden hareket i\u00e7inden do\u011frudan \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 olanakl\u0131 olmayan sosyalist teori, i\u015f\u00e7i kitlelerine; kent ve k\u0131r proletaryas\u0131na, ancak onun g\u00fcnl\u00fck m\u00fccadelesi ve ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde yer alarak ta\u015f\u0131nabilir. Bu ise, devrimci-sosyalist yay\u0131n organlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ama\u00e7 ve hedef birli\u011finin olmas\u0131n\u0131, t\u00fcm parti \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin de bu anlay\u0131\u015fla hareket etmelerini gerektirir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerin, \u015fovenist, ayr\u0131mc\u0131 ulusal bask\u0131 politikalar\u0131n\u0131n ve reformizmin tuzaklar\u0131ndan kurtulmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in, genel bir kavram kulllan\u0131l\u0131rsa, i\u015f\u00e7i-emek\u00e7i bas\u0131n-yay\u0131n ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n daha yetkin ve yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. \u0130leri i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerle gen\u00e7 ku\u015fak kad\u0131n ve erkeklerin devrimci e\u011fitimi i\u00e7in devrimci yay\u0131nlar\u0131n daha etkin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, onlar\u0131n propaganda-ajitasyon ve siyasal te\u015fhir faaliyetine kat\u0131lmada en yetenekli olanlar\u0131n\u0131n bu yay\u0131n organlar\u0131n\u0131n da yazarlar\u0131 haline getirilmesi, ba\u015far\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunluluk g\u00f6steren bir di\u011fer hedef olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u201cEmek hareketi ve \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc<\/em>\u201dn\u00fcn yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7biri \u00f6tekine g\u00f6re \u201cdaha az \u00f6nemli<\/em>\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fclemez. Her birinin kendi alan\u0131nda i\u015flevini ba\u015far\u0131yla yerine getirmesi, denebilirse t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fcnya-toplum g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn alana ili\u015fkin \u00f6zg\u00fcnle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bi\u00e7imleriyle ve di\u011ferlerinden de yararlanarak -ve g\u00f6zeterek- kesintisiz \u015fekilde savunulmas\u0131 ve yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ise her \u015feyden \u00f6nce, t\u00fcm bu yay\u0131n organlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn parti g\u00fc\u00e7leriyle ileri i\u015f\u00e7i-emek\u00e7i, gen\u00e7 ve ayd\u0131n kesimlerince kesin bir sahiplenmesini gerektirir. Emek \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ayn\u0131 sorumluluk duygusuyla ve \u00f6nemseyerek de\u011ferlendirme; gazete, k\u00fclt\u00fcr, politika-teori dergilerini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme ve etraf\u0131nda daha geni\u015f emek\u00e7i (ve okur) kitlesinin bir araya geldi\u011fi organlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme konusunda, t\u00fcm parti \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin ve her bir parti militan\u0131yla aktivistinin daha fazla \u00e7abas\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Yay\u0131n organlar\u0131yla ilgili sorumluluk ve hassasiyetten s\u00f6z edildi\u011finde hemen ve ilkin g\u00fcnl\u00fck gazetenin akla gelmesi ise, hareketin ve m\u00fccadelenin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131yla dolays\u0131zca ba\u011fl\u0131 olup gazetenin g\u00fcnl\u00fck ajitasyon-te\u015fhir ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nem nedeniyledir. Gazetenin di\u011fer yay\u0131nlar i\u00e7in de \u00f6nemli bir kaynak olu\u015fturdu\u011fu; g\u00fcnl\u00fck yay\u0131nlanma avantaj\u0131yla siyasal-iktisadi ve diger toplumsal geli\u015fmelere devrimci cepheden daha k\u0131sa zamanda m\u00fcdahale olana\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, bu \u201cayr\u0131cal\u0131k<\/em>\u201d kendili\u011finden anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ne var ki bu \u00f6ncelik, K\u00fcrt, T\u00fcrk ve di\u011fer ulusal k\u00f6kenlerden i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerin ideolojik, ekonomik-politik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel t\u00fcm cephelerdeki m\u00fccadelesinin devrimci bir m\u00fccadele \u00e7izgisinde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesine hizmet eden b\u00fct\u00fcn ara\u00e7 ve organlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda tam bir koordinasyon ve dayan\u0131\u015fma sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve onlar\u0131n birbirini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirici bir anlay\u0131\u015fla ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmaz ya da onun yerine ikame edilemez. Gazetenin \u201ckolektif \u00f6rg\u00fctc\u00fc, propagandac\u0131 ve ajitat\u00f6r<\/em>\u201d i\u015fleviyle emek\u00e7i m\u00fccadelesinin g\u00fcnl\u00fck politik organ\u0131 olarak g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi; teorik, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve bilimsel alanda daha \u00f6zg\u00fcn i\u015flevler y\u00fck\u00fcmlenmi\u015f olan diger yay\u0131n organlar\u0131yla koordine edilmi\u015f takviyesi, \u00fclkenin ilerici ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 ve gen\u00e7lik ku\u015faklar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frudan destek ve kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesinin olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 daha fazla yaratacak ve geni\u015fletecektir. Gazetenin ya\u015fam\u0131n i\u00e7inden haberlerle, r\u00f6portaj, inceleme vb. t\u00fcrden yaz\u0131larla daha fazla \u2018beslenmesi\u2019, makalelerinin yol g\u00f6sterici devrimci i\u00e7eriklerinin g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve politika dergilerinin materyal bollu\u011fuyla ve daha nitelikli, i\u00e7erik ve kapsam bak\u0131m\u0131ndan daha da geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f yaz\u0131larla desteklenmesi artan bir ihtiya\u00e7t\u0131r. Halk ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n ve emek\u00e7i hareketinin m\u00fccadele deneylerinin genelle\u015ftirilmi\u015f k\u00fclt\u00fcrel-politik birikimi yay\u0131n organlar\u0131nda daha belirgin bicimde merkezile\u015ftirebilmelidir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Yay\u0131n organlar\u0131n\u0131n yetenekle kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, devrimci i\u015f\u00e7i partisinin kitlelerle ili\u015fkilerini geli\u015ftirmesinin ve kitleleri m\u00fccadele i\u00e7inde ayd\u0131nlatma ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlemesinin ba\u015fl\u0131ca ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan biridir. Yay\u0131n organlar\u0131n\u0131n birbirine mevzi yaratan, birbirini g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren bir anlay\u0131\u015fla \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 bu faaliyetin verimi ve etkisini art\u0131racakt\u0131r. Bu, geli\u015fen ve geni\u015fleyen bir \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ideolojik-politik, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel vb. alanlar\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu birli\u011fiyle teminat alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da gereklidir. K\u00fclt\u00fcr- politika, teori ve bilim dergileriyle gazete, i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerin \u201cya\u015fam\u0131na girdikleri<\/em>\u201d; ileri i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerle onlar\u0131n gen\u00e7 ku\u015faklar\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitimi, \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi ve m\u00fccadelesinin aran\u0131r, ilgiyle okunur ve ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r \u2018ara\u00e7lar\u0131\u2019 haline geldikleri oranda, sermayeye kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelenin politik s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde yol almas\u0131n\u0131n ara\u00e7lar\u0131 olma i\u015flevini yerine getirmi\u015f olurlar.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Her biri bir \u00f6tekini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirerek i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve emek\u00e7ilerin kitlesel \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesine ve onlar\u0131n daha geni\u015f kesimlerinin parti politikalar\u0131na kazan\u0131lmalar\u0131na hizmet eden t\u00fcm yay\u0131n organlar\u0131n\u0131n ayd\u0131nlatma-e\u011fitim, propaganda ve \u00f6rg\u00fctleme faaliyetinin etkili ara\u00e7lar\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmalar\u0131, daha fazla \u00e7abay\u0131 gerektirmektedir. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel-teorik cephedeki m\u00fccadelenin -bu, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6teki m\u00fccadele alanlar\u0131yla kesin \u015fekilde ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r- i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7iler yarar\u0131na geli\u015fmesi, gen\u00e7 ku\u015fak ayd\u0131n hareketinin ilerici-devrimci ve halka ba\u011fl\u0131 bir ak\u0131m haline gelmesiyle de ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. K\u00fclt\u00fcr-teori ve politika dergilerinin parti \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinde ve ileri i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerinin saflar\u0131nda daha yayg\u0131n da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, e\u011fitimlerinin ara\u00e7lar\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmalar\u0131, m\u00fccadelelerinin her t\u00fcrden reformist, liberal ve gerici siyasal ak\u0131m ve \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7ler taraf\u0131ndan sapt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 da bir barikat \u00f6recektir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Devrimci yay\u0131n organlar\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerin \u201cya\u015fam dersleri<\/em>\u201dne dayanarak onlar\u0131n m\u00fccadelesini daha ileriden \u00f6rg\u00fctlemenin de\u011fil sadece, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel olarak ilerleme ve geli\u015fmelerinin de arac\u0131d\u0131rlar. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler, i\u015fsizler, kent yar\u0131 proleterleri, yoksul ve topraks\u0131z k\u00f6yl\u00fcler, iflasa s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmi\u015f eski k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcreticiler, kad\u0131n ve gen\u00e7ler, sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 haber vermekle kalmayan, irdeleyen ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yollar\u0131 g\u00f6steren yaz\u0131lar\u0131 yay\u0131nlar\u0131m\u0131zda ne denli daha fazla g\u00f6rebilirlerse, onlar\u0131 m\u00fccadelelerine g\u00fc\u00e7 veren ve yol g\u00f6steren i\u015flevleriyle birlikte fikri de\u011fi\u015fimleri ve ilerlemelerinin arac\u0131 olarak da o denli daha fazla kullan\u0131rlar. G\u00fcnl\u00fck gazete ve \u00f6teki yay\u0131n organlar\u0131yla ili\u015fkinin geli\u015ftirildi\u011fi emek\u00e7i kesimlerinde i\u015f\u00e7i-emek\u00e7i hareketinin sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n daha ileriden tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na; \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda gazete, k\u00fclt\u00fcr dergileri ve diger yay\u0131nlardan yararlan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair kimi \u00f6rnekler bunu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Devrimci s\u0131n\u0131f partilerinin bu g\u00f6revleri yerine getirdikleri \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geli\u015febildikleri, emek\u00e7iler i\u00e7inde sa\u011flam ve yayg\u0131n bir \u00f6rg\u00fct a\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturabildikleri uluslararas\u0131 emek\u00e7i hareketinin m\u00fccadelesiyle kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yay\u0131n organlar\u0131n\u0131n niteliklerinin y\u00fckseltilmesi ve her t\u00fcrden burjuva ideolojik-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve politik sald\u0131r\u0131 dalgas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda diren\u00e7le ayakta kalmalar\u0131n\u0131n garantisi de bu ba\u015far\u0131dad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylesi bir tutum, parti ve ileri i\u015f\u00e7i-emek\u00e7i hareketiyle hen\u00fcz s\u0131cak bir ba\u011f i\u00e7inde olmayan ve fakat varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ku\u015fku duyulamayacak kesimlere ula\u015farak onlar\u0131n potansiyel ve yeteneklerini i\u015f\u00e7i hareketi yarar\u0131na kullanmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da gereklidir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

***<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Yeni bir fikrin, yerle\u015fik ve sisteme ba\u011fl\u0131; o sistemi \u201cbiricik ve sahiplenilmesi gerekli<\/em>\u201d g\u00f6steren egemen burjuva g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin reddi temelinde kabul g\u00f6rmesi, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel ve pratik bir dizi \u201c\u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma<\/em>\u201dy\u0131 gerektirir. Sosyalizmin \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve pratikte de kan\u0131tlanan s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcz bir d\u00fcnya ve toplumu, kendilerinin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck m\u00fclklerinin elden \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131 endi\u015fesiyle d\u00fc\u015fmanca g\u00f6ren milyonlarca ve milyonlarca k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuvan\u0131n, tekelci gericilik ve emperyalist burjuvazinin devasa ayg\u0131tlar\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7irerek s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7ekli kar\u015f\u0131 propagandan\u0131n y\u00f6nlendiricili\u011finde olu\u015fturdu\u011fu barikatlar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in elimizdeki en \u00f6nemli \u201csilah<\/em>\u201d, maddi ya\u015fam\u0131n \u00fcretimi ve yeniden \u00fcretiminin kapitalist tarz\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilen toplumsal sorunlar, s\u0131n\u0131flararas\u0131 m\u00fccadelenin herg\u00fcn her saat ortaya koydu\u011fu \u00e7eli\u015fki ve uzla\u015fmazl\u0131klard\u0131r. Devrimci propaganda ve siyasal te\u015fhirin malzeme deposunu bunlar olu\u015ftururlar. Onun g\u00fcc\u00fc, ya\u015fam\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlar\u0131ndan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bu malzemenin ustaca kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndad\u0131r. Propagandan\u0131n sistematik, kan\u0131tl\u0131 ve i\u00e7erik zenginli\u011fiyle s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi; ve bask\u0131 ve zulm\u00fcn her t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn te\u015fhiri, y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131n kendi \u00f6z deneyimleriyle birlikte, burjuva -ve \u00f6ncesi- g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin egemenli\u011finin k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak, \u201cuykudaki<\/em>\u201d ve uyur gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen emek\u00e7i kesimlerinin de uyan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131p m\u00fccadeleye at\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131n etkenleri olarak rol oynayacakt\u0131r. Propaganda ve \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer bir ko\u015fulu, deneyim ve bilgi birikimi; \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada \u0131srar, sab\u0131r ve kararl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterilmesidir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n

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[1]<\/a> Lenin, Ne Yapmal\u0131?, Sol Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Birinci Bask\u0131, \u00c7eviren: Muzaffer Erdost, sf. 86<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[2]<\/a> Parti \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 teorik, siyasal ve \u00f6rg\u00fctsel boyutlar\u0131yla bir b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck g\u00f6sterir ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n politik \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc g\u00fcc\u00fc olarak parti, g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc sadece marksist- leninist d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131n en geni\u015f kesimlerine mal edilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 \u201cmeslek edinmi\u015f<\/em>\u201d devrimcilerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ikir\u00e7iksiz birli\u011finden al\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[3]<\/a> Lenin, Ne Yapmal\u0131?, sf. 34-35<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[4]<\/a> Age, sf. 42<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[5]<\/a> Age, sf. 43<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[6]<\/a> Age, sf. 57<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[7]<\/a> Age, sf. 89<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[8]<\/a> Dini ideolojinin onca g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u015fekilde ve as\u0131rlar boyu etkili olmas\u0131n\u0131n denebilir ki ba\u015fta gelen nedeni, kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya bulunduklar\u0131 a\u00e7maz ve s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lardan kurtulu\u015f aray\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki insanlara \u2018mistik\u2018- ve varsay\u0131msal \u201cd\u00fczeltici<\/em>\u201d bir \u201cumut kayna\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u201dn\u0131n i\u015faret edilmesidir. Nesnel d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u201cac\u0131mas\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131<\/em>\u201d ve yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki \u00e7aresizlik yan\u0131lma ve \u201cinanma<\/em>\u201cn\u0131n as\u0131l nedenleridir. \u0130\u015fsizli\u011fin, a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n, yoksullu\u011fun varl\u0131k nedenini s\u0131n\u0131flara b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f toplum ger\u00e7ekli\u011finde aramak yerine -bunu yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda d\u00fczeltilmesi i\u00e7in gerekli eylemi \u00fcstlenmek durumunda kalacakt\u0131r- \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc rol ve g\u00fcc\u00fc havale etti\u011fi hayali g\u00fcce s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabullenmi\u015ftir. Dini ideolojinin di\u011fer \u00f6nemli silah\u0131, as\u0131rlard\u0131r \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ara\u00e7lar kullan\u0131larak ve devletlerin dolays\u0131zca etkinli\u011fiyle propaganda edilmesi, e\u011fitiminin ve yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve s\u00fcrekli k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131d\u0131r. Di\u011fer bir \u00f6rnek Hitler\u2019in propaganda bakan\u0131 Goebels\u2019in y\u00f6netti\u011fi sistematik yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 haberlere dayand\u0131r\u0131lan Nazi propagandas\u0131d\u0131r. Kara propagandan\u0131n en \u00f6nemli \u00f6rneklerinden olan Nazi propagandas\u0131n\u0131n kitlelerin bilincini \u00e7arp\u0131t\u0131p y\u0131\u011f\u0131nsal s\u00fcr\u00fcklemeyi ba\u015farmas\u0131nda, Almanlar\u0131n tarihsel olarak ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 baz\u0131 \u201chezimetler<\/em>\u201d, birinci d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131ndaki yenilginin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ruh hali ve Yahudiler ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere \u201cyabanc\u0131 varl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u201d, gerek\u00e7e olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bu da \u00e7e\u015fitli sorunlarla bo\u011fu\u015fan kitlelerin \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kesimini s\u00fcr\u00fcklemesinde rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc olumsuz \u00f6rnek, sistematik antikom\u00fcnist propagandan\u0131n milyonlarca ve milyonlarca insan\u0131n burjuvazi taraf\u0131ndan aldat\u0131lmas\u0131ndaki rol\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u0130lerici-demokrat ve devrimci kesimlerle birlikte m\u00fccadeleci sendika liderleri ve ilerici ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ve kent-k\u0131r emek\u00e7ilerinin ileri kesimlerinin y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fckleri m\u00fccadelenin karalanmas\u0131na dayanan ve onbinlercesinin zindanlara doldurulup binlercesinin katledilmesine yol a\u00e7an sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 hakl\u0131 g\u00f6steren McCartizm, de\u011fi\u015fik versiyonlar\u0131yla farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerde ra\u011fbet g\u00f6rebilmi\u015ftir. ABD\u2019nin ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi ve emperyalist di\u011fer g\u00fc\u00e7lerle birlikte \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerdeki emperyalizm i\u015fbirlik\u00e7ilerinin de kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 antikom\u00fcnist propaganda bazen \u201cH\u00fcr D\u00fcnya<\/em>\u201dn\u0131n \u201cselameti<\/em>\u201d, bazen \u201cyeni demokratik bir d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeni<\/em>\u201dnin \u201ckurulu\u015fu<\/em>\u201d ad\u0131na y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve etkili olabilmi\u015ftir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz burjuva propagandas\u0131n\u0131n en etkili silah\u0131 ise bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc kendi \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan terorist hareketlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esine ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f \u201cUluslararas\u0131 Ter\u00f6rizme Kar\u015f\u0131 Sava\u015f<\/em>\u201dt\u0131r!<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[9]<\/a> Lenin, Ne Yapmal\u0131, sf. 74. Vurgular Lenin\u2019e aittir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[10]<\/a> Antep\u2019teki bir tekstil \u00fcr\u00fcnleri i\u015fletmesiyle \u0130zmir \u00c7i\u011fli\u2019deki metal i\u015fletmesinin, Zoguldak Ere\u011fli\u2019deki demir-\u00e7elik i\u015fletmesiyle Bursa\u2019daki Reno, TOFA\u015e gibi i\u015fletmelerin i\u015f ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterece\u011finden i\u015fyeri-fabrika bildirilerinin birbirlerinden farkl\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fckler g\u00f6stermesi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[11]<\/a> Bir \u00f6rnek vermek gerekirse, K\u00fcrt sorunu kaynakl\u0131 geli\u015fmelerin \u00f6zellikle T\u00fcrk ulusundan emek\u00e7ilerin belirli kesimleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 tepkiyi hesaba katmaks\u0131z\u0131n fabrika, i\u015fyerleri ve semtlerde, olas\u0131, ya da bizim taraf\u0131m\u0131zdan bir vesileyle g\u00fcndeme getirilerek yap\u0131lacak bir tart\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda, daha i\u015fin ba\u015f\u0131nda, dinleme-tart\u0131\u015fma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da ortadan kald\u0131racak \u201csolcu-sekter<\/em>\u201d bir tutumla ve \u2018solcu jargonlar\u2019\u0131 birbiri ard\u0131na s\u0131ralayarak \u201cg\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klamak<\/em>\u201d m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olup olmamas\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak \u201cak\u0131ls\u0131zl\u0131k<\/em>\u201d olaca\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u00fclkede ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131yla emek\u00e7ilerin \u00f6n\u00fcnde b\u00f6ylesi bir sorun yokmu\u015f gibi davranmak da devrimci bir tutum olmayacakt\u0131r. O halde, bu iki yanl\u0131\u015f tutumdan farkl\u0131 olarak sorunun nereden ve hangi politikalardan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131; \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcms\u00fcz b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7ler taraf\u0131ndan istismar\u0131na neden oldu\u011funu; \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn daha fazla tahripedici sonu\u00e7lara yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; \u201cayn\u0131 vatanda, e\u015fit ulusal haklara sahip olarak birlikte ya\u015fama<\/em>\u201dn\u0131n hem m\u00fcmk\u00fcn hem de gerekli oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klamak gerekir. B\u00f6lgesel ve \u00fclkedeki geli\u015fmelerin y\u00fczy\u0131ld\u0131r ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde sundu\u011fu verilere dayanan bu t\u00fcrden bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yoluyla \u201cilkesel olan<\/em>\u201d da zaten\u00a0 a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131ndan, \u201culuslar\u0131n kaderlerini tayin hakk\u0131<\/em>\u201d \u00fczerine sosyalist g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve tutuma ba\u011fl\u0131 kal\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olur.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yusuf Akda\u011f Devrimci propaganda, siyasal te\u015fhir ve ajitasyon sorunu, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n (ya da proletaryan\u0131n) sermaye egemenli\u011fine ve burjuva devlet iktidar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelesinin en \u00f6nemli sorunlar\u0131ndan biridir. Devrimi \u201ckitlelerin eseri\u201d, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n toplumsal kurtulu\u015funu s\u0131n\u0131fsal m\u00fccadelesinin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ve sonucu olarak g\u00f6ren bilimsel sosyalizm anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na sahip bir parti ya da \u00f6rg\u00fct, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen ve ezilen s\u0131n\u0131f ve g\u00fc\u00e7lerin burjuvazinin ideolojik-politik etkisinden \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":725,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[505,370,362],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1035","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-36-sayi-kasim-2019","category-kuram","category-yusuf-akdag"],"yoast_head":"\nPropaganda, siyasal te\u015fhir ve ajitasyon sorunu \u00fczerine \u00f6n notlar<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2019\/11\/21\/propaganda-siyasal-teshir-ve-ajitasyon-sorunu-uzerine-on-notlar\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"en_EN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Propaganda, siyasal te\u015fhir ve ajitasyon sorunu \u00fczerine \u00f6n notlar\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Yusuf Akda\u011f Devrimci propaganda, siyasal te\u015fhir ve ajitasyon sorunu, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n (ya da proletaryan\u0131n) sermaye egemenli\u011fine ve burjuva devlet iktidar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelesinin en \u00f6nemli sorunlar\u0131ndan biridir. Devrimi \u201ckitlelerin eseri\u201d, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n toplumsal kurtulu\u015funu s\u0131n\u0131fsal m\u00fccadelesinin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ve sonucu olarak g\u00f6ren bilimsel sosyalizm anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na sahip bir parti ya da \u00f6rg\u00fct, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen ve ezilen s\u0131n\u0131f ve g\u00fc\u00e7lerin burjuvazinin ideolojik-politik etkisinden \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 ve […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/tr\/2019\/11\/21\/propaganda-siyasal-teshir-ve-ajitasyon-sorunu-uzerine-on-notlar\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Teori ve Eylem\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/teoriveeylem\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-11-21T19:58:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-01-18T11:03:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/teoriveeylem.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/genel-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"696\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"385\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@teoriveeylem\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@teoriveeylem\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"35 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/2019\\\/11\\\/21\\\/propaganda-siyasal-teshir-ve-ajitasyon-sorunu-uzerine-on-notlar\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/2019\\\/11\\\/21\\\/propaganda-siyasal-teshir-ve-ajitasyon-sorunu-uzerine-on-notlar\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/413054853585ad4d138f2f331dfd177c\"},\"headline\":\"Propaganda, siyasal te\u015fhir ve ajitasyon sorunu \u00fczerine \u00f6n notlar\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-11-21T19:58:18+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-01-18T11:03:08+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/2019\\\/11\\\/21\\\/propaganda-siyasal-teshir-ve-ajitasyon-sorunu-uzerine-on-notlar\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":8892,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/tr\\\/2019\\\/11\\\/21\\\/propaganda-siyasal-teshir-ve-ajitasyon-sorunu-uzerine-on-notlar\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/teoriveeylem.net\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/10\\\/genel-1.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"36. 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Teori ve Eylem","og_description":"Yusuf Akda\u011f Devrimci propaganda, siyasal te\u015fhir ve ajitasyon sorunu, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n (ya da proletaryan\u0131n) sermaye egemenli\u011fine ve burjuva devlet iktidar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelesinin en \u00f6nemli sorunlar\u0131ndan biridir. 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